769 results
Search Results
2. [Anticoagulant treatment in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: position paper]
- Author
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Pierre Jouanny, Olivier Hanon, Pierre Krolak-Salmon, François Puisieux, Marc Paccalin, Gilles Berrut, and Claude Jeandel
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Geriatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arterial embolism ,business.industry ,Renal function ,Atrial fibrillation ,medicine.disease ,Lower risk ,Stroke ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Anticoagulant therapy ,Internal medicine ,Atrial Fibrillation ,medicine ,Humans ,Observational study ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Biological Psychiatry ,Aged ,Factor Xa Inhibitors - Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in the elderly. The treatment of this condition is based on anticoagulation to prevent stroke and systemic arterial embolism. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have long been the only anticoagulants available for the management of AF. Administration is complex and is one of the main causes of iatrogenic disease in the elderly. In the past 10 years, direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged, and large randomised trials (RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE, ENGAGE-AF) have demonstrated their superiority over VKAs in the management of AF. These trials were conducted on large numbers of patients (n=71,683), including 27,500 patients aged ≥75 years and nearly 8,000 subjects aged >80 years. Results from 11 recent meta-analyses of randomised trials and observational real-world studies of 660,896 elderly patients indicate that DOACs are more effective than VKA-based prophylaxis in preventing stroke (with a reduction in risk ranging from 13% to 26%), and carry a lower risk of cerebral haemorrhaging (50% reduction in risk). The risk of major haemorrhaging appears to be similar to, or lower than that with DOACs relative to VKAs (depending on the dosage, renal function, haemorrhagic site or type of DOAC). Moreover, improved outcomes with DOACs over VKA therapy have been demonstrated based on subgroup analyses in subjects aged over 75, in patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance: 30-50 mL/min) and in those with a history of falls. Analyses indicate that DOACs are a better choice than VKAs in the elderly because elderly patients are at greatest risk of stroke and cerebral haemorrhaging. In summary, DOACs have a better efficacy/tolerance profile than VKAs, which justifies their first-line use in subjects over 75 years of age.
- Published
- 2019
3. Diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers: A Canadian Thoracic Society and Canadian Paediatric Society position paper
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Connie L. Yang, Roland Grad, Wade T. A. Watson, Sharon D. Dell, Dhenuka Radhakrishnan, Francine M. Ducharme, and Mitchell Zelman
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Joint Statement ,Joint working ,RC705-779 ,Exacerbation ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,medicine.disease ,Therapeutic trial ,Pulmonary function testing ,respiratory tract diseases ,Special Article ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,immune system diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Health care ,medicine ,Position paper ,Disease management (health) ,business ,Asthma - Abstract
Asthma often starts before six years of age. However, there remains uncertainty as to when and how a preschool-age child with symptoms suggestive of asthma can be diagnosed with this condition. This delays treatment and contributes to both short- and long-term morbidity. Members of the Canadian Thoracic Society Asthma Clinical Assembly partnered with the Canadian Paediatric Society to develop a joint working group with the mandate to develop a position paper on the diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers. In the absence of lung function tests, the diagnosis of asthma should be considered in children one to five years of age with frequent (≥8 days/month) asthma-like symptoms or recurrent (≥2) exacerbations (episodes with asthma-like signs). The diagnosis requires the objective document of signs or convincing parent-reported symptoms of airflow obstruction (improvement in these signs or symptoms with asthma therapy), and no clinical suspicion of an alternative diagnosis. The characteristic feature of airflow obstruction is wheezing, commonly accompanied by difficulty breathing and cough. Reversibility with asthma medications is defined as direct observation of improvement with short-acting ß2-agonists (SABA) (with or without oral corticosteroids) by a trained health care practitioner during an acute exacerbation (preferred method). However, in children with no wheezing (or other signs of airflow obstruction) on presentation, reversibility may be determined by convincing parental report of a symptomatic response to a three-month therapeutic trial of a medium dose of inhaled corticosteroids with as-needed SABA (alternative method), or as-needed SABA alone (weaker alternative method). The authors provide key messages regarding in whom to consider the diagnosis, terms to be abandoned, when to refer to an asthma specialist and the initial management strategy. Finally, dissemination plans and priority areas for research are identified.L’asthme fait souvent son apparition avant l’âge de six ans. Cependant, il subsiste des incertitudes relativement à quand et comment un enfant d’âge préscolaire ayant des symptômes de type asthmatique peut être diagnostiqué avec cette condition. Ceci retarde le traitement et contribue à la morbidité à court et à long terme. L’Assemblée clinique sur l’asthme de la Société canadienne de thoracologie s’est associée à la Société canadienne de pédiatrie pour créer un groupe de travail conjoint afin de préparer un document de principes sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge de l’asthme chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire. En l’absence de mesures de la fonction pulmonaire, le diagnostic d’asthme devrait être envisagé chez les enfants de un à cinq ans ayant des symptômes de type asthmatique fréquents (≥8 jours/mois) ou des exacerbations récurrentes (≥2) (épisodes accompagnés de signes compatibles). Le diagnostic nécessite une documentation objective des signes cliniques ou un compte rendu parental convaincant de symptômes d’obstruction des voies respiratoires et de réversibilité de l’ obstruction (amélioration suite à un traitement pour l’asthme), ainsi que l’absence de suspicion clinique de tout autre diagnostic. La respiration sifflante, souvent accompagnée de difficultés respiratoires et de toux, est le signe cardinal de l’obstruction des voies respiratoires. La réversibilité à la suite de la prise de médicaments pour l’asthme se définie par l’observation directe par un professionnel de la santé compétent, d’une amélioration après l’administration de ß
- Published
- 2015
4. PaperComposer: Creating Interactive Paper Interfaces for Music Composition
- Author
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Carlos Agon, Wendy E. Mackay, Theophanis Tsandilas, Jérémie Garcia, Situated interaction (IN-SITU), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-12-CORD-0009,INEDIT,INteractivité dans l'Ecriture De l'Interaction et du Temps(2012)
- Subjects
Contemporary classical music ,Computer science ,Interface (Java) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.2: User Interfaces ,toolkit ,Musical ,computer.software_genre ,music composition ,ACM: H.: Information Systems ,Human–computer interaction ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Composition (language) ,creativity ,Graphical user interface ,media_common ,Interactive music ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.5: Sound and Music Computing ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Creativity ,ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI) ,Musical composition ,Interactive paper ,business ,computer - Abstract
National audience; Interactive paper technologies offer new opportunities for supporting the highly individual practices of creative artists, such as contemporary music composers, who express and explore their ideas on both paper and the computer. We introduce PaperComposer, a graphical interface builder that allows users to create a personalized interactive paper interface that they can connect to their own computer-based musical data. We also present an API that facilitates the development of interactive paper components for PaperComposer. We describe one public demonstration of a novel musical interface designed for children and our collaborations with composers to create two novel interactive music interfaces that reflected their individual composition styles.
- Published
- 2014
5. Presentation of Hermann Schmitz’ paper, 'Atmospheric Spaces'
- Author
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Rainer Kazig, Centre de recherche sur l'espace sonore et l'environnement urbain (CRESSON), Ambiances, Architectures, Urbanités (AAU ), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Grenoble (ENSAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)
- Subjects
Atmospheres ,060106 history of social sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Subject (philosophy) ,Art history ,050105 experimental psychology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Presentation ,New phenomenology ,Felt body ,Area-less spaces ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,0601 history and archaeology ,media_common ,Literature ,[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,business.industry ,Field (Bourdieu) ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,06 humanities and the arts ,General Medicine ,lcsh:H ,lcsh:G ,Publishing ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
Hermann Schmitz, the author of the text that is presented here in translation, can be regarded as a founding father of research on atmosphere for the German-speaking world. He is however not a founder in the sense of having intentionally laid a foundation stone for a field of research, by publishing a monograph or important essay on the subject of atmospheres, which was subsequently developed and became more differentiated. Rather, his first use of the concept of atmospheres was in a subordin...
- Published
- 2016
6. [Frailty in older population: a brief position paper from the French society of geriatrics and gerontology]
- Author
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Régis Gonthier, Gilles Berrut, Fathi Nourhashemi, Frédérique Retornaz, Armelle Gentric, Athanase Benetos, Olivier Hanon, Hélène Bouvier, Geneviève Ruault, Claude Jeandel, Christine Perret-Guillaume, François Blanchard, Joël Ankri, Laure de Decker, Monique Ferry, Yves Rolland, and Marc Bonnefoy
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Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Activities of daily living ,Frail Elderly ,Frailty syndrome ,MEDLINE ,Risk Assessment ,Older population ,Activities of Daily Living ,Medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Biological Psychiatry ,Mass screening ,Societies, Medical ,Aged ,Geriatrics ,Aged, 80 and over ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,Syndrome ,medicine.disease ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Position paper ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Risk assessment - Abstract
Frailty in the older population is a clinical syndrome which evaluate a risk level. The Frailty syndrome defines a reduction of the adaptation capacity to a stress. It can be modulated by physical, psychological and social factors. The screening of the frailty syndrome is relevant for older people without disability for basic activities of daily living. The clinical criteria of frailty must be predictive of the risk of functional decline and adverse outcomes, consensual at the international level, and easy to perform in primary care as well as in the clinical researches.
- Published
- 2011
7. [Recommendations for acylcarnitine profile analysis]
- Author
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Laetitia Van Noolen, Anne-Frédérique Dessein, Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain, Marie Nowoczyn, Régine Minet-Quinard, Roselyne Garnotel, and Christelle Corne
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chromatography, Paper ,Pre-Analytical Phase ,Biochemical diagnosis ,Iso standards ,Urinalysis ,Accreditation ,Medical biology ,Neonatal Screening ,Pregnancy ,Carnitine ,Prenatal Diagnosis ,Medicine ,Humans ,Profile analysis ,Medical physics ,Child ,Urine Specimen Collection ,Blood Specimen Collection ,business.industry ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,Infant, Newborn ,General Medicine ,Clinical Laboratory Services ,Amniotic Fluid ,Amniocentesis ,Identification (biology) ,Female ,business ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Metabolism, Inborn Errors - Abstract
Biochemical diagnosis of hereditary metabolic diseases requires the detection and simultaneous identification of a large number of compounds, hence the interest in metabolic profiles. Acylcarnitine profile allows the identification and quantification of more than thirty compounds. As part of the accreditation process for medical biology examinations according to standard NF EN ISO 15189, the group from SFEIM recommends an approach to accredit acylcarnitine profile. Validation parameters and recommendations are discussed in this specific framework.
- Published
- 2020
8. Caractérisation de grignons d’olives en vue d’une valorisation thermochimique par gazéification
- Author
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Jean-Philippe Tagutchou, David Lebouil, Gaëlle Ducom, Nathalie Dumont, Rémy Gourdon, Matteo Pietraccini, Mathieu Gautier, Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), PROVADEMSE, INSAVALOR, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito)
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Municipal solid waste ,gazéification ,Biomass ,gasification ,thermogravimetry ,thermogravimétrie ,7. Clean energy ,chromatographie en phase gazeuse / spectrométrie de masse ,gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ,spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,analyse calorimétrique différentielle ,thermogravimétrie - analyse calorimétrique différentielle ,Olive oil extraction ,Lignin ,characterization ,Cellulose ,business.industry ,[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering ,Fossil fuel ,olive mill residues ,caractérisation ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Pulp and paper industry ,pyrolysis ,pyrolyse ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,grignons d’olives ,Gas chromatography ,differential scanning calorimetry ,business ,pyrolyse - chromatographie en phase gazeuse / spectrométrie de masse ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
La biomasse est une source d’énergie renouvelable qui peut contribuer de manière significative à la réduction de la consommation de combustibles fossiles. L’utilisation de déchets agricoles ou agro-industriels tels que les grignons d’olives est particulièrement pertinente. La gazéification est une technique prometteuse de valorisation énergétique des déchets pour ce type de résidus lignocellulosiques. La technologie est cependant adaptée à un panel relativement limité de combustibles solides ayant des spécifications définies, qui doivent donc être caractérisées correctement. Le but de cette étude était d’analyser et de comparer des grignons d’olives de 3 origines différentes par des techniques complémentaires telles que la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformer de Fourier, la thermogravimétrie couplée à l’analyse calorimétrique différentielle et la pyrolyse suivie d’une chromatographie en phase gazeuse / spectrométrie de masse (Py-CG/SM). Les résultats soulignent la nature complexe des grignons qui sont principalement organiques. En plus des principaux composés organiques (cellulose, hémicelluloses et lignine), la présence de plusieurs constituants organiques mineurs a été montrée. La Py-CG/SM a montré que le gaz produit par pyrolyse contient plusieurs produits de dégradation de la matière lignocellulosique et de l’huile d’olive. L’influence du procédé d’extraction de l’huile d’olive (à deux phases ou à trois phases) a également été mise en évidence. La dégradation thermochimique des grignons suit un mécanisme complexe mais la composition des grignons répond à la plupart des spécifications requises par la gazéification., Biomass is a renewable energy source that can make a significant contribution to reducing fossil fuels consumption. The use of agricultural or agro-industrial waste such as olive mill solid residues is particularly relevant. Gasification is a promising waste-to-energy technique for this type of lignocellulosic residues. The technology however is adapted to a relatively limited panel of solid waste fuels of defined specifications, which must therefore be characterized properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare olive mill solid residues from 3 different origins by complementary techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry and analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-CG/SM). The results underlined the complex nature of the residues, which are mainly organic. In addition to the major compounds (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin), the presence of several minor organic constituents was shown. Py-CG/SM showed that the gas produced by pyrolysis contains several degradation products of lignocellulosic material and olive oil. The influence of the olive oil extraction process (two-phase or three-phase) was also highlighted. The thermochemical degradation of olive mill residues follows a complex pathway but the composition of the residues meets most of the requirements parameters for gasification.
- Published
- 2019
9. Monitoring nutrition in the ICU
- Author
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J.C. Montejo, Michael P Casaer, Konstantin Mayer, Mette M. Berger, Pierre Singer, Arthur R. H. van Zanten, Jean-Charles Preiser, Michael Hiesmayr, Annika Reintam-Blaser, Claude Pichard, Philip C. Calder, and Stephan C. Bischoff
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0301 basic medicine ,Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Care ,Early detection ,Nutritional Status ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Phosphate ,Energy balance ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Enteral administration ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electrolytes ,0302 clinical medicine ,Liver Function Tests ,law ,Medicine ,Humans ,Medical nutrition therapy ,Intensive care medicine ,Triglycerides ,ddc:616 ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Critically ill ,Nutritional Support ,Nutrition Guidelines ,Malnutrition ,Intensive care unit ,Europe ,Standard operating procedures ,Intensive Care Units ,Parenteral nutrition ,Nutrition Assessment ,Glucose ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Body Composition ,Position paper ,business ,Energy Metabolism ,Critical illness - Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: This position paper summarizes theoretical and practical aspects of the monitoring of artificial nutrition and metabolism in critically ill patients, thereby completing ESPEN guidelines on intensive care unit (ICU) nutrition. METHODS: Available literature and personal clinical experience on monitoring of nutrition and metabolism was systematically reviewed by the ESPEN group for ICU nutrition guidelines. RESULTS: We did not identify any studies comparing outcomes with monitoring versus not monitoring nutrition therapy. The potential for abnormal values to be associated with harm was clearly recognized. The necessity to create locally adapted standard operating procedures (SOPs) for follow up of enteral and parenteral nutrition is emphasised. Clinical observations, laboratory parameters (including blood glucose, electrolytes, triglycerides, liver tests), and monitoring of energy expenditure and body composition are addressed, focusing on prevention, and early detection of nutrition-related complications. CONCLUSION: Understanding and defining risks and developing local SOPs are critical to reduce specific risks. ispartof: CLINICAL NUTRITION vol:38 issue:2 pages:584-593 ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2018
10. Circulating GRP78 antibodies from ovarian cancer patients: a promising tool for cancer cell targeting drug delivery system?
- Author
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Sonia Meynier, Florence Delie, Patrick Petignat, Kylie Van Hoesen, Marie Cohen, and Pascale Ribaux
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Epitope ,Targeted therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,ddc:615 ,ddc:618 ,biology ,business.industry ,membrane GRP78 ,chorioallantoic membrane ,Autoantibody ,Cancer ,targeted therapy ,medicine.disease ,anti-GRP78 autoantibodies ,ovarian cancer ,030104 developmental biology ,Paclitaxel ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,Ovarian cancer ,Research Paper - Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that has a high frequency in tumor cells. Normally it is found in the endoplasmic reticulum to assist in protein folding, but under cellular stress, GRP78 influences proliferative signaling pathways at the cell surface. The increased expression elicits autoantibody production, providing a biomarker of ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancer. This study aims to determine the epitope recognition of GRP78 autoantibodies isolated from serum of ovarian cancer patients and use the identified antibodies to design new drug delivery systems to specifically target cancer cells. We first confirmed that the membrane GRP78 levels are increased in ovarian cancer cells and positively correlate with proliferation. However, the level of circulating GRP78 autoantibodies did not correlate with membrane GRP78 expression in ovarian cancer cells and was lower, although not significantly, compared to control patients. We then determined the epitope recognition of GRP78 autoantibodies and showed that treatment with paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles coated with anti-GRP78 antibodies significantly decreased tumor development in chick embryo culture of ovarian cancer cell tumors compared to paclitaxel treatment alone. This evidence suggests that nanoparticle drug delivery systems coupled with antibodies against GRP78 has potential as a powerful therapy against ovarian cancer.
- Published
- 2017
11. Rates, Delays, and Completeness of General Practitioners' Responses to a Postal Versus Web-Based Survey: A Randomized Trial
- Author
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Paul Sebo, Hubert Maisonneuve, Nicolas Senn, Bernard Cerutti, Jean-Pascal Fournier, and Dagmar M. Haller
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,020205 medical informatics ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,education ,Health Informatics ,02 engineering and technology ,Primary care ,computer.software_genre ,Preventive care ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Survey methodology ,primary care ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sex Factors ,Randomized controlled trial ,Sex factors ,law ,General Practitioners ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,ddc:610/370 ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Postal Service ,response time ,Age Factors ,Aged ,Female ,General Practitioners/psychology ,Internet ,Middle Aged ,completeness ,participation rate ,survey methods ,Web based survey ,ddc:613 ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Cost savings ,Family medicine ,Global Positioning System ,Data mining ,business ,computer - Abstract
Background: Web-based surveys have become a new and popular method for collecting data, but only a few studies have directly compared postal and Web-based surveys among physicians, and none to our knowledge among general practitioners (GPs). Objective: Our aim is to compare two modes of survey delivery (postal and Web-based) in terms of participation rates, response times, and completeness of questionnaires in a study assessing GPs’ preventive practices. Methods: This randomized study was conducted in Western Switzerland (Geneva and Vaud) and in France (Alsace and Pays de la Loire) in 2015. A random selection of community-based GPs (1000 GPs in Switzerland and 2400 GPs in France) were randomly allocated to receive a questionnaire about preventive care activities either by post (n=700 in Switzerland, n=400 in France) or by email (n=300 in Switzerland, n=2000 in France). Reminder messages were sent once in the postal group and twice in the Web-based group. Any GPs practicing only complementary and alternative medicine were excluded from the study. Results: Among the 3400 contacted GPs, 764 (22.47%, 95% CI 21.07%-23.87%) returned the questionnaire. Compared to the postal group, the participation rate in the Web-based group was more than four times lower (246/2300, 10.70% vs 518/1100, 47.09%, P
- Published
- 2017
12. L’adoption de l’approche par compétence par les enseignants
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Abdelali Arbia, Abdelrhani Elachqar, and Fatiha Kaddari
- Subjects
human resources ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,Medical education ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Continuous training ,School teachers ,competences ,Initial training ,Training center ,training center ,Papers ,initial training ,Human resources ,business ,Psychology ,Educational systems - Abstract
The competency-based approach “APC” is considered one of the most appropriate pedagogical approaches for effective learning. However, although it is increasingly recommended by the Moroccan educational system, we realize a reticence of its application. The purpose of this research is to approach the representation of teachers about the “APC” in order to assess the level of its implementation in the Moroccan educational system. Thus, we elaborated a questionnaire. The collection of information by means of this questionnaire was conducted among 300 secondary school teachers performing in the Regional Academy of Education and Training AREF Fes-Boulemane and the number of responses received is only 115. The data obtained show a significant rate of application of this approach in several educational institutions. The reasons for not adopting this approach by some teachers can be categorized into several ranks: working conditions, lack of training (initial and continuous), socio-cultural conditions. The success of education depends heavily on the development of human resources education and training, which begins with an advanced initial training in teachers training centers, continues through self-study and is followed by continuous training., L’approche par compétence « APC » est considérée comme l’une des approches pédagogiques les plus appropriées pour un apprentissage efficace. Cependant, bien qu’elle soit de plus en plus recommandée par le système éducatif marocain, on constate une réticence de son application. La finalité de ce travail est d’approcher les représentations des enseignants sur l’APC et cela afin d’apprécier leur degré d’implication dans sa mise en œuvre dans le système éducatif marocain. Ainsi, nous avons élaboré un questionnaire. La collecte d’informations, au moyen de ce questionnaire, a été faite auprès de 300 professeurs du cycle secondaire exerçant dans l’Académie Régionale d’Éducation et de Formation AREF Fès-Boulemane et le nombre des réponses reçu n’est que 115 seulement. Les données obtenues mettent en évidence un taux significatif d’application de cette approche dans plusieurs établissements d’enseignement. Les causes présentées de la non adoption de cette approche par quelques enseignants peuvent être catégorisés en plusieurs rangs : les conditions de travail, le manque de formation (initiale ou continue), conditions socioculturelles. La réussite de l’enseignement dépend étroitement du développement des ressources humaines de l’éducation et de la formation, qui commence par un perfectionnement de la formation initiale dans des centres de formation des enseignants, continue par l’autoformation et se poursuit par les formations continues.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. La formation continue des directeurs comme outil managérial d'introduction du changement en gestion scolaire
- Author
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Kautara Elomari
- Subjects
formation continue ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,school management ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Continuing education ,transition ,General Medicine ,Change ,Public relations ,Training (civil) ,directors ,Changement ,Political science ,Papers ,Point of departure ,directeurs ,business ,gestion scolaire ,continuing training - Abstract
Improving school management has become a necessity in education systems, given the constraints of current changes. This is why the development of the role of the director is placed as a priority, and this is how we are currently focusing on his continuing education. We seek to ensure that this training contributes to involving the heads of educational establishments in the process of change, and to ensuring a real transition among these actors, so that they voluntarily and effectively engage in innovation in the management of their schools. Moroccan experience shows that following continuous reform processes, decision-makers have become aware of the need to move in a managerial direction, and to consider innovation in school management and the role of the director, as a point of departure to arrive at a performance of the system. Among the tools used to achieve these objectives, continuing education for managers came first. However, the study of the field shows that this training, as conceived and delivered, could not ensure the total commitment of the heads of the educational establishments in the introduction of the desired change., L'amélioration de la gestion scolaire est devenue une nécessité dans les systêmes éducatifs vue les contraintes des changements actuels, c'est pourquoi le développement du rôle du directeur est placé en priorité et c'est ainsi qu'on mise actuellement sur la formation continue de ce dernier. On cherche à ce que cette formation contribue à impliquer les chefs des établissements scolaires dans le processus de changement et à assurer une transition réelle chez ces acteurs pour qu'ils s'engagent volontairement et effectivement dans l'innovation de la gestion de leurs écoles. L'expérience Marocaine montre que suite à des processus continus de réforme, les décideurs sont devenus conscients de la nécessité de s'orienter dans un sens managérial et de considérer l'innovation dans la gestion scolaire et le rôle du directeur comme point de départ pour arriver à une performance du systême. Parmi les outils exploités pour atteindre ces objectifs, la formation continue des directeurs est venue en premier lieu. Cependant l'étude du terrain montre que cette formation comme conçue et dispensée n'a pas pu assurer l'engagement total des chefs des établissements scolaires dans l'introduction du changement voulu.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Factor Structure of the Internet Addiction Test in Online Gamers and Poker Players
- Author
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Gabriel Thorens, Joël Billieux, Stéphane Rothen, Sophia Achab, Yasser Khazaal, Daniele Fabio Zullino, Magali Dufour, and UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute
- Subjects
factorial structure ,Internet addiction ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,Sample (statistics) ,Traitement & psychologie clinique [H13] [Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie] ,Factor structure ,Treatment & clinical psychology [H13] [Social & behavioral sciences, psychology] ,World Wide Web ,ddc:616.89 ,Psychology ,media_common ,validation ,Original Paper ,Internet use ,business.industry ,Addiction ,Internet Addiction Test (IAT) ,World of Warcraft ,BF1-990 ,Test (assessment) ,massively multiplayer online role playing ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,The Internet ,business ,poker players - Abstract
Background The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most widely used questionnaire to screen for problematic Internet use. Nevertheless, its factorial structure is still debated, which complicates comparisons among existing studies. Most previous studies were performed with students or community samples despite the probability of there being more problematic Internet use among users of specific applications, such as online gaming or gambling. Objective To assess the factorial structure of a modified version of the IAT that addresses specific applications, such as video games and online poker. Methods Two adult samples—one sample of Internet gamers (n=920) and one sample of online poker players (n=214)—were recruited and completed an online version of the modified IAT. Both samples were split into two subsamples. Two principal component analyses (PCAs) followed by two confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were run separately. Results The results of principal component analysis indicated that a one-factor model fit the data well across both samples. In consideration of the weakness of some IAT items, a 17-item modified version of the IAT was proposed. Conclusions This study assessed, for the first time, the factorial structure of a modified version of an Internet-administered IAT on a sample of Internet gamers and a sample of online poker players. The scale seems appropriate for the assessment of such online behaviors. Further studies on the modified 17-item IAT version are needed.
- Published
- 2015
15. Cutaneous Angioneurofibroma: A New Histopathological Variant of Neurofibroma
- Author
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Nikolina Saxer-Sekulic and Guerkan Kaya
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Angioneurofibroma ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Original Paper ,Neurofibroma ,business.industry ,Cutaneous neurofibroma ,Myxoid stroma ,lcsh:RL1-803 ,medicine.disease ,ddc:616.8 ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Lesion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Stroma ,lcsh:Dermatology ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Cutaneous neurofibromas are benign dermal tumors composed of spindle cells in a myxoid stroma containing numerous blood vessels. Here we describe 6 cases of solitary cutaneous neurofibroma showing unusually higher density of blood vessels in the stroma when compared to that of classical neurofibromas. We propose this lesion to be a new histopathological variant of neurofibroma and name it angioneurofibroma. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
- Published
- 2014
16. Comparison and Complementarity of Two Approaches to Implement AAL Systems
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Bessam Abdulrazak, André Thépaut, Jean-Baptiste Lézoray, Maria Teresa Segarra, Patrice C. Roy, Département informatique (INFO), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Process for Adaptative Software Systems (PASS), Télécom Bretagne-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL (IRISA-D4), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Lab-STICC_TB_CID_IHSEV, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département informatique ( INFO ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Process for Adaptative Software Systems ( PASS ), Télécom Bretagne-LANGAGE ET GÉNIE LOGICIEL ( IRISA-D4 ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR] ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Short paper ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,020207 software engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,[ INFO.INFO-SE ] Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,[INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,Complementarity (physics) ,Industrial engineering ,[INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA] ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,[ INFO.INFO-MA ] Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA] ,[INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems ,[ INFO.INFO-AR ] Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR] ,[ INFO.INFO-ES ] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems ,Telecommunications ,business ,Assisted living - Abstract
International audience; This short paper compares two approaches of the state of the art, to implement Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems. By com- paring the two approaches, we aim to show that combining them could lead to an improvement of the offered response of the system. It shows that it could be interesting to develop a proof-of-concept system from a combination of these approaches, as it would improve the state of the art in AAL systems.
- Published
- 2012
17. La valorisation des coproduits de l’huilerie par méthanisation
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Philippe Sousbie, Fabrice Bosque, Philippe Pouech, Laureen Badey, Michel Torrijos, Centre Technique Industriel des Entreprises du Secteur des Corps Gras, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), APESA, and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
anaerobic digestion ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,by-products ,oil production ,household waste ,0207 environmental engineering ,digestion anaérobie ,industrie des corps gras ,lcsh:TP670-699 ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Biochemistry ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Digestion (alchemy) ,Biogas ,020701 environmental engineering ,huile végétale ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Household waste ,valorisation des déchets ,business.industry ,sous-produit ,Oil refinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,6. Clean water ,Biotechnology ,Anaerobic digestion ,Vegetable oil ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes ,business ,Cow dung ,Food Science - Abstract
Profitable use of vegetable oil by-products by anaerobic digestion The productions of vegetable oil and methyl esters of vegetable oil lead to the generation of a lot of by-products. The purpose of this work was to study an alternative solution for a profitable use of vegetable oil by-products: anaerobic digestion. The potential for anaerobic digestion of 24 by-products was studied. The results show that most of oil by-products had a good capacity for anaerobic digestion. Then, the effects of the addition of oil by-products on the behavior of one reactor treating a mixture of grass, cow manure and fruit and vegetable waste and another reactor treating household waste were investigated. Most of the by-products tested improved significantly the production of methane indicating that the addition of by-products from oil production could represent a significant financial earning for the digester operators. Discussions are in progress involving oil producers and biogas plant operators to assess the opportunity of supporting the addition of by-products from oil refining in their facilities. A first evaluation of the costs and potential benefits of by-product treatment was performed. These costs should be reviewed in line with the increased development of anaerobic digestion and the expected benefits due to the digestion of by-products.
- Published
- 2012
18. U-Note : Classe augmentée et Stylo numérique
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Sylvain Malacria, Eric Lecolinet, Malacria, Sylvain, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Design, Interaction, Visualization & Applications (DIVA), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris
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augmented note-taking ,Multimedia ,Computer science ,business.industry ,computer.software_genre ,digital classroom ,Digital media ,Software ,Order (business) ,Human–computer interaction ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,[INFO.INFO-HC] Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,business ,Digital pen ,computer ,Wide gap ,interactive paper - Abstract
National audience; Les salles de classes sont de plus en plus équipées de dispositifs informatiques qui permettent aux enseignants de diffuser des ressources multimédia pendant les cours. Nous avons donc d'une part des enseignants encouragés à diffuser des ressources numériques et d'autre part des élèves qui continuent principalement à prendre des notes sur des cahiers papier traditionnels. Cet article présente un prototype de logiciel de prise de notes augmentée (appelé U-Note) qui s'appuie sur la technologie des sty-los numérique Anoto pour tenter de concilier ces deux types de supports.
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- 2009
19. Les universités d'élite au top des palmarês universitaires
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Mohamed Amine M'barki and Soukaina El Hajjaji
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compétitivité ,Higher education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public opinion ,Excellence ,Political science ,Quality (business) ,université d'élite ,media_common ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,competitiveness ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,business.industry ,Knowledge economy ,General Medicine ,stratégies ,Public relations ,palmarès universitaire ,university rankings ,critiques ,strategies ,Elite ,Papers ,impact ,elite university ,business ,classements universités ,Reputation - Abstract
International university rankings are attracting growing interest among public opinion, universities and nations, which is evident in a global knowledge economy, improving the competitiveness and reputation of universities becomes an end in itself. Their public nature draws attention to concerns for excellence in higher education and seems to produce a spirit of competitiveness among universities and encourages them to perform better. The university charts show more and more the supremacy of the elite universities which are always at the top and which maintain their reputation. This article focuses on the predominant global characteristics that determine the quality and competitiveness of elite universities and suggests some strategies that universities can adopt to improve their competitiveness by drawing on the different indicators selected by the different rankings of universities., Les classements internationaux des universités suscitent un intérêt croissant parmi l'opinion public, les universités et les nations, ce qui est évident dans une économie mondiale du savoir, améliorer la compétitivité et la réputation des universités devient une fin en soi même. Leur caractêre public attire l'attention sur les préoccupations pour l'excellence dans l'enseignement supérieur et semble produire un esprit de compétitivité parmi les universités et les encourage à mieux performer. Les palmarês universitaires montrent de plus en plus la suprématie des universités d'élite qui sont toujours au top et qui maintiennent leur réputation. Le présent article met l'accent sur les caractéristiques globales prédominantes qui déterminent la qualité et la compétitivité des universités d'élite et propose quelques stratégies que les universités peuvent adopter pour améliorer leur compétitivité en s'inspirant des différents indicateurs retenus par les différents classements des universités.
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- 2015
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20. 'God's alphabet' : le transcendantalisme musical de John Sullivan Dwight
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François Specq, Littérature, idéologies, représentations, XVIIIe-XIXe siècles (LIRE), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Specq, François, and Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Cultural Studies ,Literature ,Transcendentalism ,modernism ,19th-century music ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Philosophy ,Art history ,Musical ,language.human_language ,Key (music) ,German ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Religious experience ,John Sullivan Dwight ,Visual art of the United States ,aesthetics ,language ,business ,Content (Freudian dream analysis) ,Romanticism ,Relation (history of concept) ,Aesthetic Papers ,Charles Ives - Abstract
"This article explores the roots of the American art music tradition in the aesthetics of John Sullivan Dwight (1813-1893), the most influential writer on music in 19th century America. As a Brook Farmer and a former Unitarian minister, Dwight articulated a conception of music simultaneously endowed with deep spiritual content and social import. Steeped in the literary and musical traditions of German Romanticism, especially the works of Schiller and Beethoven, Dwight's musical Transcendentalism echoed many of Emerson's themes and contributed to fashioning the key notions that nurtured the aesthetic tradition in which Charles Ives was raised. His utopian musical anthropology turned music into a form of spiritual experience reorienting our relation to the world and thus foreshadowing the refounding of society."
- Published
- 2008
21. Piloter un projet de recherche universitaire en s'appuyant sur la norme internationale ISO 10006 relative au management de la qualité dans les projets
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Jean Menthonnex
- Subjects
Engineering ,Engineering management ,Quality management ,Project based ,business.industry ,International standard ,Papers ,business ,ISO 10006 - Abstract
Cet article a pour objectifs : • de présenter un ensemble de bonnes pratiques qui peuvent être inspirées de l'application de la norme internationale ISO 10006 (2003) : « Systêmes de management de la qualité - Lignes directrices pour le management de la qualité dans les projets », dans l'organisation et la réalisation d'une recherche universitaire, débouchant sur une matrice de 54 éléments, • d'illustrer au travers de huit bonnes pratiques la maniêre de mettre en application sur le terrain une telle approche, • de positionner ces concepts dans la stratégie qualité globale de l'institution universitaire concernée, • de suggérer l'élaboration de 3 nouvelles normes internationales en relation avec les démarches qualité en recherche., The objectives of this article are: - to present a set of good practices which can be inspired by the application of the international standard ISO 10006 (2003): "Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality management in projects", in the organization and carrying out university research, leading to a matrix of 54 elements, - to illustrate through eight good practices the way to apply such an approach in the field, - to position these concepts in the overall quality strategy of the university institution concerned, to suggest the development of 3 new international standards in relation to quality approaches in research.
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- 2013
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22. 3D-Aware Ellipse Prediction for Object-Based Camera Pose Estimation
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Marie-Odile Berger, Matthieu Zins, Gilles Simon, Recalage visuel avec des modèles physiquement réalistes (TANGRAM), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [CNRS], Zins, Matthieu, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Augmentation visuelle d'environnements complexes (MAGRIT-POST), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Visual Augmentation of Complex Environments (MAGRIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
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FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Camera pose ,I.4 ,Computer science ,Computation ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,010501 environmental sciences ,Ellipse ,01 natural sciences ,[INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV] ,détection d'objets ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,localisation visuelle ,Computer vision ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Pose ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Ground truth ,ellipse ,business.industry ,65D19 ,Deep learning ,[INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV] ,object detection ,Object (computer science) ,Ellipsoid ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Augmented reality ,Artificial intelligence ,ellipsoid ,ellipsoïde ,business ,Pose de caméra - Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method for coarse camera pose computation which is robust to viewing conditions and does not require a detailed model of the scene. This method meets the growing need of easy deployment of robotics or augmented reality applications in any environments, especially those for which no accurate 3D model nor huge amount of ground truth data are available. It exploits the ability of deep learning techniques to reliably detect objects regardless of viewing conditions. Previous works have also shown that abstracting the geometry of a scene of objects by an ellipsoid cloud allows to compute the camera pose accurately enough for various application needs. Though promising, these approaches use the ellipses fitted to the detection bounding boxes as an approximation of the imaged objects. In this paper, we go one step further and propose a learning-based method which detects improved elliptic approximations of objects which are coherent with the 3D ellipsoid in terms of perspective projection. Experiments prove that the accuracy of the computed pose significantly increases thanks to our method and is more robust to the variability of the boundaries of the detection boxes. This is achieved with very little effort in terms of training data acquisition -- a few hundred calibrated images of which only three need manual object annotation. Code and models are released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization., Comment: Presented at 3DV 2020. Code and models released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization
- Published
- 2021
23. Designing an E-government portal accessible to illiterate citizens
- Author
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Hind Kabaili, Imane Taoufik, and Driss Kettani
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Government ,education.field_of_study ,Knowledge management ,Computer science ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,USable ,World Wide Web ,Quality (business) ,User interface ,business ,education ,Functional illiteracy ,E-Government, Graphical User Interface, Illiteracy, User Centered Design ,User-centered design ,Graphical user interface ,media_common - Abstract
The digital battle has become the most important factor of economic and social development. In fact, there is no doubt on the fact that establishing E-government systems can improve the quality of government services and enhance the citizens’ life. However, E-government projects cannot be successful if they are not adapted to the specific cultural and social needs of the final users. Taking into consideration the high illiteracy rate within the Moroccan population, we conducted our research in order to design an E-government portal for the old city of Fez that is accessible by the majority of the citizens especially those who are illiterate. The objective of this research is exploring the different architectures, scenarios and technologies for designing an E-government portal that is usable and accessible by all Fez citizens whether they are literate or illiterate. Hence, the concrete output of this project is a usable graphical user interface accessible to both literate and illiterate people in order for them to interact with the static content and to use the online transactions. In the process of achieving our goal, we had to discover and create design principles and to test them with real users. To achieve our goal we had to pay particular attention to the following points: • Considering the two existing types of illiteracy: literal illiteracy and digital illiteracy. • Designing the GUI so that it is not dedicated mainly to illiterate people: literate people too should be able to use the e-government system without frustration. • Since it is the first portal targeting illiterate users in Morocco, we were interested also in building conventions on the type of symbols to be used. In fact, the main two assumptions behind this project are: • Effective electronic service delivery has to enable citizens to access government services in a new and more effective way than the traditional ways. • Government services have to be presented to citizens in a usable format and in a human centred manner. In that way, we can express the goals that are aimed to be achieved by this project as being: • Improving knowledge about how illiterate citizens in Morocco can interact with E- government services. • Developing a methodology and architecture for e-government application development that fulfils the needs of Arabic developing countries. • Demonstrating the ability of Moroccan illiterate citizens to interact with e-government portals that uses new technologies. This paper describes and justifies the chosen methodology, architecture and tools that were applied in order to develop Fez e-government portal’s graphical user interface. The results of the designed graphical user interface’ s testing are presented and discussed in order to assess the project’s success., Revue Marocaine des Sciences de Management, No 7 (2017)
- Published
- 2023
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24. Effets de l'incorporation de pulpe de betterave dans les aliments du porcelet et du porc en croissance : performances de croissance, digestibilité et composition corporelle
- Author
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R. Lizardo, J. Peiniau, A. Aumaitre, Y. Lebreton, Revues Inra, Import, ProdInra, Migration, Station de recherches porcines, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
biology ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,engineering.material ,biology.organism_classification ,Crossbreed ,Feed conversion ratio ,Biotechnology ,Starter ,Animal science ,ALIMENT POUR ANIMAUX ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,engineering ,Weaning ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Sugar beet ,[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,Beet pulp ,business ,[SDV.SA.ZOO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny ,EFFICACITE ALIMENTAIRE ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Summary — Consequences of the inclusion of sugar beet pulp in diets for early weaned and growing pigs. The effect of extrusion of wheat and of the inclusion of 6% of sugar beet pulp in a pelleted starter on the performance of the weaned piglet has been studied in two experiments. In the first experiment, 80 crossbred castrated male and female piglets weaned at 21 days of age raised individually y were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to compare their performance between weaning and 25 kg g live weight. Average feed intake was similar between treatments, but extrusion of wheat had no significant effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio. The association of normal wheat with sugar beet pulp improved significantly growth rate (P < 0.02) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.06), in particular during the period following immediatly weaning, ie, 193 vs 156 g/day and 193 vs 2.32, respectively. In the second experiment, 32 crossbred castrated piglets were used to evaluate faecal, then ileal digestibilities of dietary components. Extrusion did not improve digestibility. Ileal digestibility but not faecal digestibility of dry matter and energy was reduced (P < 0.001 ) by the inclusion of sugar beet pulp in the diet. Post-ileal digestibility of all dietary components was higher in animals fed fibrous diet. During the growing-finishing period between 25 and 100 kg live weight, the inclusion of a similar level of 6% of sugar beet pulp in a normal wheat based diet was tested. Piglets of the first experiment were randomly affected to one of the two diets taking into account their previous diet, sex and weight. The average daily gain for the whole period was slighly but not significantly reduced and feed conversion ratio was unchanged in animals receiving sugar beet pulp. However, feed conversion ratio expressed as digeatible energy per kg of body weight gain was reduced in animals receiving beet pulp in their diet. At slaughter, the percentage of lean meat was improved from 52.8 to 54.0% (P < 0.05) as a consequence of a linear decrease in the backfat thickness (P < 0.05) of carcasses of animals receiving sugar beet pulp. No difference in the weight of lean cuts was observed but the use of sugar beet pulp decreased significantly the weight of fat cuts (P < 0.01 It was suggested that for a similar nitrogen retention a reduction in the digestible energy intake reduces the deposition of fatty tissues but the total amount of lean meat in the carcass was not affected by the inclusion of sugar beet in the diet.
- Published
- 1997
25. Health(care) and the temporal subject
- Author
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Ben Davies
- Subjects
Pluralism (political theory) ,business.industry ,Political science ,060302 philosophy ,Health care ,Pain relief ,060301 applied ethics ,06 humanities and the arts ,General Medicine ,Positive economics ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Distributive justice ,business - Abstract
Many assume that theories of distributive justice must obviously take people’s lifetimes, and only their lifetimes, as the relevant period across which we distribute. Although the question of the temporal subject has risen in prominence, it is still relatively underdeveloped, particularly in the sphere of health and healthcare. This paper defends a particular view, “momentary sufficientarianism,” as being an important element of healthcare justice. At the heart of the argument is a commitment to pluralism about justice, where theorizing about just principles demands paying attention to the role particular goods play in our lives. This means that different approaches to the temporal subject—as well as other relevant issues—may be appropriate for different goods, including different goods within healthcare. In particular, the paper discusses two central goods targeted by healthcare: life-saving and pain relief. The view is offered as complementary to, rather than competitive with, lifetime approaches. As such, the paper finishes by considering how a pluralist approach, which engages both with people’s lives as a whole and with their states at particular moments, can reconcile the potentially competing claims in healthcare that emerge from these two perspectives., Plusieurs présument qu’il est clair que les théories de justice distributive doivent prendre la durée de vie des gens comme seule et unique période de distribution pertinente. Même si la question du sujet temporel a gagné en importance, elle demeure relativement sous-exploitée, et ce, particulièrement dans le domaine de la santé et des soins de santé. Cet article présente une conception particulière, le « suffisantisme momentané », comme une composante importante de la justice en santé. Cet argument se centre sur un engagement pluraliste en matière de justice, qui implique que toute théorisation de principes justes doit prendre en compte le rôle que jouent des biens particuliers dans nos vies. Cela signifie que différentes approches du sujet temporel - ainsi que d’autres enjeux pertinents - peuvent convenir a différents bien, y compris des biens dans le domaine de la santé. Plus précisément, l’article traite de deux biens principaux que visent les soins de santé : l’aide vitale et le soulagement de la douleur. Cette conception s’articule en complémentarité avec les approches de la durée de vie, plutôt qu’en compétition avec elles. Dans cette optique, l’article examine pour finir comment une approche pluraliste, qui concerne a la fois la vie des gens dans sa totalité ainsi que leur condition a des moments précis, peut arriver a concilier les thèses émergeant de ces deux perspectives sur les soins de santé qui, autrement, entreraient potentiellement en conflit.
- Published
- 2021
26. [Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: A Team effort!]
- Author
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Mai-Khanh, Lê-Dacheux, Guillaume, Aubertin, Catherine, Piquard-Mercier, Sébastien, Wartelle, Bertrand, Delaisi, Jean-Luc, Iniguez, Aline, Tamalet, Isabelle, Mohbat, Nicolas, Rousseau, Marie-Paule, Morisseau-Durand, and Aurelie, Majourau-Bouriez
- Subjects
Interdisciplinary treatment ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ,Health professionals ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Obstructive sleep apnea ,Adenoidectomy ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Care pathway ,Long term outcomes ,Quality of Life ,Medicine ,Humans ,Rapid maxillary expansion ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Child ,Sleep ,Tonsillectomy - Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children, which has a multifactorial origin, can lead, if not treated, to severe medical complications, growth disturbances, behavioural changes and reduced quality of life. Nowadays, it is underdiagnosed whereas early screening, diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment are essential. Furthermore, many families and health professionals do not often know where to go when there is suspicion of OSA for a child. Orthodontists are uniquely positioned to screen, to refer to the appropriate specialist and to treat, if needed, patients who may be at high risk for OSA. The authors describe the synergistic means to screen, diagnose and treat paediatric OSA in a collaborative and interactive approach between ENT, orthodontists, pneumo-allergologists, sleep physicians, endocrinologists, orofacial myo-functional therapists and speech therapists. These means which are clinically illustrated in this paper fit the guidelines which have been recently published as white papers by official professional specialists organisations involved in paediatric OSA treatment (AAPD, AAO, FFO, SFORL, SFRMS…). The development of multidisciplinary teams gathering specialists who are conscious about the mutual benefits of the specialties involved in paediatric OSA should contribute to optimize the child treatment care pathway and the short, mid and long term outcomes.
- Published
- 2020
27. Les juifs courtiers parmi les chrétiens : l’échange sans la religion ?
- Author
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Claude Denjean
- Subjects
Usury ,Expression (architecture) ,business.industry ,Judaism ,Distribution (economics) ,Magistrate ,General Medicine ,Sociology ,Religious studies ,Variety (linguistics) ,business ,Genealogy - Abstract
In the Crown of Aragon, where usury was permitted through regulation, especially in Catalonia and Mallorca, brokers were not all Jews who were usually seen as being the specialists in monetary transactions. Jews were certainly over-represented in trade but it is also now known that they could hold a wide variety of jobs. There are in fact few traders or lenders among the Jewish community from the 14th century, such roles tending instead to belong to members of urban and intellectual elites. This paper compares two social networks: that of Pons de Gualba, bishop of Barcelona, and that of Bartomeu de Mans, magistrate/provost of Vilafranca del Pénedes, who had links with Berenger de Finestres, a money-changer of Barcelona. The networks of these two eminent men were interlinked, in the sense that the roles played by Jews and Christians in the trading process were neither strictly segregated nor exactly the same, the precise distribution of these roles depending on the subtlest of nuances in terms of how the members of the two religions related to each other. The trade associations of Jews and Christians were different, as were the insults used to deprecate rivals. It is thus not that trade took no account of religion but rather that religious difference could be used as a means to colour the expression of the normal love-hate relationships between men who were involved in the business of trade. Dans les pays de la Couronne d’Aragon où l’usure est réglementée, donc autorisée, spécialement en Catalogne et à Majorque, les courtiers ne sont pas nécessairement ou seulement des juifs appréciés pour leurs qualités de « passeurs ». Nous savions déjà que les juifs, certes surreprésentés dans le commerce, exercent des activités très variées, à l’instar des chrétiens et que l’entreprise et le crédit restent au XIVe siècle l’apanage d’un groupe de plus en plus réduit, membre des élites urbaines et intellectuelles. Deux réseaux d’affaires sont comparés : celui de Pons de Gualba, qui fut évêque de Barcelone, et celui de Bartomeu de Mans, viguier à Vilafranca del Pénedes, associé à Berenger de Finestres, changeur barcelonais. Malgré l’imbrication des réseaux dominés par d’éminents personnages et malgré la proximité des entrepreneurs juifs et chrétiens et l’exercice de rôles comparables par les membres de religions différentes, la position des uns et des autres dans un réseau précis introduit des nuances subtiles, l’emploi des juifs et des chrétiens n’y est pas interchangeable alors qu’il l’est dans la société, les structures d’association choisies diffèrent, de même que les moyens employés pour attaquer et insulter un concurrent. Nous n’observons pas l’échange sans la religion mais un jeu de positions qui utilise la différence religieuse pour exprimer très normalement le bon amour ou la haine que se portent les hommes d’affaires.
- Published
- 2022
28. Identifying a motivational process surrounding adherence to exercise and diet among adults with type 2 diabetes
- Author
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Manon Laroche, Peggy Roussel, François Cury, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Adult ,Male ,Process (engineering) ,selection optimization and compensation strategy ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Type 2 diabetes ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,motivation ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,exercise ,business.industry ,Regulatory focus theory ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Self Care ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Regulatory focus ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,type 2 diabetes ,business ,diet - Abstract
International audience; Objectives: This paper aims to provide physicians with knowledge about the motivational processes surrounding exercise and diet for patients with type 2 diabetes and to offer patient support measures to favor self-management. To respond to this objective, the links between two kind of motivators (i.e., promotion and prevention foci), the Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) self-management strategy, and adherence to exercise and diet of patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated for the first time in the literature.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 French volunteer participants with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for at least 3 months (Age = 61.66 ± 9.63; BMI = 29.8 ± 5.9). Participants completed an online self-report survey measuring SOC strategy, promotion and prevention foci, and adherence to exercise and diet.Results: The main results of path and bootstrapping analysis demonstrated that promotion focus was positively related with SOC strategy (β = .69, p < .001) whereas prevention focus was not (β = −.01, ns.). On the other hand, SOC strategy was positively related with exercise (β = .20, p < .05), general diet (β = .49, p < .001), fruit and vegetable consumption (β = .27, p < .001), and spacing of carbohydrates (β = .40, p < .001), and mediated the positive link between promotion focus and these behaviors (bootstrapped 95% CI: [.11; .40], [.52; .81], [.22; .54], [.37; .70], respectively).Conclusion: This paper addresses a gap in previous research by evidencing a motivator that promotes self-management for exercise and diet among patients with type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that physicians should privilege an interaction with patients oriented toward promotional motivation so as to favor their patients’ self-management regarding exercise and diet.
- Published
- 2020
29. Supply chain vulnerability: contributions from an edifying case study
- Author
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Margaux Ducros, Sabry Shaaban, Salomée Ruel, Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de la Rochelle (Sup de Co La Rochelle), Groupe Sup de Co La Rochelle, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion (CERAG), and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
- Subjects
Information privacy ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Supply chain ,05 social sciences ,Vulnerability ,General Decision Sciences ,Context (language use) ,Resource (project management) ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Scale (social sciences) ,0502 economics and business ,Resource-based view ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,050211 marketing ,business ,050203 business & management ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Information Systems ,Qualitative research - Abstract
PurposeCompanies today observe an increase in the complexity and vulnerability of their supply chains (SCs) as a result of global scale networks and a turbulent environment. The purpose of this paper is to explore knowledge management (KM) as a potential way of reducing SC vulnerability and answer the following question: how does inter-organisational KM influence efforts to reduce SC vulnerability?Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the resource-based view and the knowledge-based view (KBV), a single case study in the energy industry is conducted by collecting various data through interviews, observations and internal documents.FindingsThis edifying case study indicates that a lack of KM hinders any attempt to mitigate SC vulnerability.Research limitations/implicationsThis research shows several limitations such as data privacy, generalisation and the decision to study an atypical SC.Practical implicationsThe paper points out in a dedicated section the key actions a company should take in order to develop the required characteristics of knowledge expressed in the KBV.Originality/valueThis is the first qualitative research that investigates the relationships between SC vulnerability and KM, and more particularly in a recycling context where a strong research gap exists.
- Published
- 2019
30. Are all trade agreements equal? the role of distance in shaping the effect of economic integration agreements on trade flows
- Author
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Samuel Pienknagura and Rebecca Freeman
- Subjects
Economic integration ,Economic distance ,Trade agreements ,Geography ,business.industry ,Integration agreements ,05 social sciences ,Gravity ,International economics ,International trade ,Terms of trade ,Trade agreement ,Economic union ,Customs union ,International free trade agreement ,Gravity model of trade ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,050207 economics ,business ,Trade barrier ,ddc:330/650 ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,050205 econometrics - Abstract
How does geographic distance affect the impact of trade agreements on bilateral exports, and through what channels? This paper examines these questions in a gravity model context for different types of goods for 185 countries over the period 1965–2010. Three stylized facts emerge. First, although economic integration agreements have a positive impact on trade flows, geographic distance significantly decreases their effect. Second, this phenomenon is in large part explained by the impact of economic integration agreements on intermediate goods. These results hold when controlling for trade agreement depth, measured by the type of agreement and content of provisions, and economic similarity among trading partners. Third, this paper finds either a smaller negative effect or no effect on the interaction between distance and economic integration agreements for non-intermediates. This underscores that while economic integration agreements promote trade in all goods, there is an additional benefit to intermediates which diminishes faster with distance.
- Published
- 2019
31. Measuring Judicial Sentiment: Methods and Application to US Circuit Courts
- Author
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Sergio Galletta, Elliott Ash, Daniel L. Chen, and Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST)
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,Political science ,Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza delle Finanze ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer.software_genre ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica ,Settore SECS-P/02 - Politica Economica ,computer ,B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE ,Natural language processing - Abstract
This paper provides a general method for analysing the sentiments expressed in the language of judicial rulings. We apply natural language processing tools to the text of US appellate court opinions to extrapolate judges' sentiments (positive/good vs. negative/bad) towards a number of target social groups. We explore descriptively how these sentiments vary over time and across types of judges. In addition, we provide a method for using random assignment of judges in an instrumental variables framework to estimate causal effects of judges' sentiments. In an empirical application, we show that more positive sentiment influences future judges by increasing the likelihood of reversal but also increasing the number of forward citations., Economica, 89 (354)
- Published
- 2022
32. [Surgical acceleration of tooth movement: a systematic review to optimize communication between the orthodontist, the oral surgeon and the patient]
- Author
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Delphine Wagner, Marion Strub, and Yohan Aboaf
- Subjects
Orthodontics ,Pain experience ,Tooth Movement Techniques ,business.industry ,Oral Surgeon ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Communication ,Acceleration ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,law.invention ,Patient satisfaction ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Tooth movement ,Orthodontists ,Medicine ,Humans ,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons ,business ,Reduction (orthopedic surgery) ,Corticotomy - Abstract
This systematic review aims to compare conventional corticotomy with minimally-invasive protocols (MIP). Electronic database, in MEDLINE and CENTRAL, and hand search were performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and randomized split-mouth designed studies (RSMSs) were selected for inclusion, reporting either the use of a corticotomy procedure or a MIP. The main outcomes were the rate/velocity of tooth movement, type of tooth movement observed, loss of anchorage, periodontal indexes, inflammatory mediators, root resorption, patient's pain experience, impact on the quality of life, and satisfaction. Twenty-two papers were included for the qualitative synthesis, from which ten RCTs and twelve RSMSs. Eighteen of them compared a conventional orthodontic treatment without and with a surgical adjunctive procedure, two with conventional corticotomy and sixteen with a MIP (piezocision, micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) or interseptal bone reduction). Four trials compared a surgical procedure to another one. Corticotomy, piezocision and MOPs are likely to accelerate tooth movement, in decreasing order. Pain is reported to be higher in experimental groups only on the first day after surgery. Patient satisfaction is high after surgical procedures. Loss of anchorage, periodontal indexes, or root resorption occurrence show no differences between groups. Corticotomy stands as the gold-standard procedure for surgically-assisted orthodontics, but piezocision appears as a good compromise solution as well as MOPs, in a lesser extent. MIP are known to accelerate tooth movement only during the first three months.
- Published
- 2021
33. Hidden statistics in speckle patterns
- Author
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Rémi Carminati, Institut Langevin - Ondes et Images (UMR7587) (IL), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Physics ,Speckle pattern ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Optics ,Scattering ,business.industry ,business ,Intensity (physics) - Abstract
International audience; Scattering of coherent light from a disordered material produces a complex distribution of intensity known as a speckle pattern. Speckle patterns are not as random as they appear at first glance. Their statistical properties exhibit universal features, as already recognized in the first paper on laser speckle. The existence of short-range and long-range spatial correlations in speckles has been shown to be fundamental in wave physics. It has also led to the emergence of novel approaches for imaging through scattering media.
- Published
- 2021
34. Exploring the impact of the 'new' ParticipACTION: overview and introduction of the special issue
- Author
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Mark S. Tremblay, Lira Yun, Guy Faulkner, and John C. Spence
- Subjects
Program evaluation ,Canada ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Capacity Building ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Information Dissemination ,Health Promotion ,Article ,Promotion (rank) ,Advertising ,Political science ,Humans ,education ,Health communication ,Exercise ,media_common ,lcsh:R5-920 ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Capacity building ,Public relations ,Social marketing ,Health promotion ,Health Communication ,Social Marketing ,natural experiment, physical activity, organizational capacity, awareness ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
ParticipACTION is the Canadian physical activity communications and social marketing organization first launched in the fall of 1971 and then ceased operations in 2001. ParticipACTION was relaunched in 2007. Framed as a public health natural experiment, evidence was collected from a population-based survey of knowledge, awareness, understanding of physical activity, and physical activity levels among Canadians (individual level), and key informant surveys and interviews examining capacity, readiness and advocacy for physical activity promotion among physical activity organizations (organizational level). The purpose of this paper is to first provide an overview of some of the major initiatives undertaken by the 'new' ParticipACTION that may have contributed to any changes at these individual or organizational levels. Second, the paper sets the stage for the three empirical papers in this special series reporting follow-up results.ParticipACTION est un organisme de communications et de marketing social voué à la promotion de l’activité physique au Canada, qui a été fondé à l’automne 1971, a cessé ses activités en 2001 et a été relancé en 2007. Conçues comme une expérience naturelle en santé publique, les données probantes ont été tirées à la fois d’une enquête fondée sur la population et portant sur les connaissances, la sensibilisation, la compréhension de l’activité physique et les niveaux d’activité physique des Canadiens (à l’échelle de l’individu) et de sondages et d’entrevues auprès d’informateurs clés visant à examiner le pouvoir d’action, l’état de préparation et le soutien des organisations en matière de promotion de l’activité physique (à l’échelle de l’organisation). Cet article vise en premier lieu à donner un aperçu de certaines des principales initiatives entreprises par la « nouvelle version » de ParticipACTION susceptibles d’avoir contribué à des changements sur le plan individuel ou organisationnel. En second lieu, il prépare le terrain pour les trois études empiriques de cette série d’articles consacrée aux résultats de suivi.
- Published
- 2018
35. [Critical care testing: SFBC recommendations in 2018]
- Author
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Marie-Hélène Tournoys, Elodie Boissier, Hélène Caillon, Michel Vaubourdolle, Françoise Barbé, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Agnès Mailloux, Philippe Chatron, Jean-Caude Alvarez, and Jean-Louis Beaudeux
- Subjects
Critical Care ,Medical laboratory ,Context (language use) ,Turnaround time ,Accreditation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Medical Laboratory Science ,Humans ,Societies, Medical ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Professional Practice ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Emergency response ,030228 respiratory system ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Table (database) ,Medical emergency ,France ,Emergencies ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
The SFBC Working Group on critical care testing describes in this paper the SFBC recommendations for the determination of maximal turnaround times (TAT) for laboratory medicine examination in emergency conditions. The table presented in a previous paper was updated, taken into account the clinical situations, as well as the emergency response capabilities of the medical laboratory. These new French recommendations must to be based to each local situation in a clinical-biological context between the physicians and the specialist in Lab Medicine.
- Published
- 2018
36. Interplay Between Mathematical Journals on Various Scales, 1850-1950
- Author
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Jeanne Peiffer, Hélène Gispert, Philippe Nabonnand, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'histoire et diffusion des sciences d'Orsay (GHDSO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Archives Henri-Poincaré - Philosophie et Recherches sur les Sciences et les Technologies (AHP-PReST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Études sur les Sciences et les Techniques (EST), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
- Subjects
History ,business.industry ,General Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,Space (commercial competition) ,050905 science studies ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,Focus (linguistics) ,Competition (economics) ,[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences ,Order (exchange) ,Publishing ,060302 philosophy ,Regional science ,Circulation (currency) ,0509 other social sciences ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
This paper is meant as an introduction to a special issue on circulating mathematics via journals, from ca 1850 to 1950. It intends to study the practices, actors, places and institutions involved in mathematical circulation. Journals constitute one of the main carriers of mathematical knowledge and hence the main vehicle for its circulation. The focus of the paper is on ‘mathematical’ (understood very broadly) journals and the various forms of interplay between them. In order to understand and analyse the processes of circulation that are an important feature of mathematical production, the interactions that take place between journals are considered across different scales, from local practices and representations to more global appraisals. We shall use the notion of circulation space in order to break down the representations of the mathematical world in terms of the centres and peripheries suggested by the geographical area, with its massive publishing centres at different times – Paris, London, Berlin, Leipzig, New York, etc. Besides the geographical dimensions, the focus is on connections between journals, polarisations, competition, rivalries, etc.
- Published
- 2018
37. Chanter le poète, et inversement. Evaristo Carriego dans le tango argentin
- Author
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Patrix, Pénélope
- Subjects
Literature ,Poetry ,Dance ,business.industry ,Trope (literature) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Medicine ,Musical ,Art ,Literal and figurative language ,Object (philosophy) ,Popular music ,Poetics ,business ,media_common - Abstract
The once-forgotten poet Evaristo Carriego, since rediscovered by Jorge Luis Borges in his eponymous work Evaristo Carriego (1955), is considered today to be one of the leading Argentinian modernist poets, but also, and most importantly, the inventor of a ‘poetry of the outskirts’ and the creator of one of the major trends in the poetics of contemporary tango, tango canyengue (‘rabble’ tango). This article traces the singular trajectory of the poet: first, a singer of the ‘low life’ of the outskirts of Buenos Aires at the end of the 19th century, of the misfortunes and debauchery of outlaws, prostitutes and the working class; inventor of a ‘cantatory’ poetry, which draws on popular song and dance of the time, and which we propose to consider as a form of tanguera poetry. Secondly, his influence on the lyricists of contemporary tango leads us to consider him as the precursor of tango canyengue. Finally, he became a founding and guardian figure of contemporary tango, the object of tributes from the greatest composers, and whose name alone has become a poetic and musical trope that invokes a picturesque imagination of the end-of-the-century suburbs of Buenos Aires. Hence, we are faced with an intermedia corpus, that borrows from the world of popular song to produce a written, erudite and precious poetry, and which in turn becomes one of the main sources of popular song. Carriego’s tanguera poetry effectively interlaces word, sound and movement. This paper thus analyses the transmedia trajectory along which the poet sings the tango, and the tango then the poet, in a play of ‘inversions’ that are indicative of the reciprocal exchanges, transfers and mediations occurring between poetry, song and music, both textual and figurative, from the end of the 19th century to the present day. At the same time, we examine how song, music and dance can ‘inhabit’ poetry, and poetry ‘inhabit’ song and music, without constituting, strictly speaking, poetic material or an element of repertoire. It also shows how an authoritative author such as Borges has contributed to shaping the tango tradition by inventing its own genealogy., ATeM Archives Texte et Musique, No 6,2: Special issue 6,2 (2021): Chanter les poètes
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Essai et fiction : à propos de Hieroglyphics, a Note upon Ecstasy in Literature (Arthur Machen, 1902)
- Author
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Sophie Mantrant
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Literature ,Literature and Literary Theory ,business.industry ,Philosophy ,Ecstasy ,lcsh:DA1-995 ,Frame (artificial intelligence) ,Active listening ,Narrative ,lcsh:History of Great Britain ,business ,Reflexive pronoun - Abstract
When mentioned at all, Hieroglyphics is usually described as an essay in which Arthur Machen exposes his views on literature. The aim of this paper is to show how the “Prefatory Note”, a sort of frame narrative, blurs the borderline between essay and fiction and makes the status of the text problematic. In this preliminary text, a narrator bearing the initials “A. M.” explains that he spent long hours listening to a scholarly hermit whose views on literature he later put down on paper. Machen thus encourages the reader to identify him not as the enunciator but as the listener ; he dissociates himself from the essayist, even though the latter expresses ideas that are also his. This is part of a game of masks that is played on several textual levels.
- Published
- 2017
39. Abū Bakr al-Rāzī et le signe : fragment retrouvé d'un traité logique perdu
- Author
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Pauline Koetschet, Textes et documents de la Méditerranée antique et médiévale (Centre Paul-Albert Février) (TDMAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Koetschet, Pauline
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Literature ,History ,060103 classics ,Critical approach ,Arabic ,business.industry ,Philosophy ,[SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy ,Sign (semiotics) ,Context (language use) ,06 humanities and the arts ,Epitome ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,language.human_language ,[SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Fragment (logic) ,Abū Bakr al-Rāzī - signe - induction - théologie - Ǧābir ibn Ḥayyān - philosophie arabe ,Argument ,060302 philosophy ,language ,0601 history and archaeology ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
This article argues that a fragment from a lost treatise by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925) is preserved in theBook on Morphology Kitāb al-Taṣrīf) by Ps-Ǧābir ibn Ḥayyān. Paul Kraus reached the conclusion that the collection to which this book belongs was written between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth century AD. This fragment represents the first attempt – to our knowledge – to analyze the logical structure of sign-based inference in Arabic, which is known asistidlāl bi-al-šāhid ʿalā al-ġāʾibamong theologians and philosophers. The author distinguishes between sign-inferences based on homogeneity (al-muǧānasa), course of habit (maǧrā al-ʿāda) and traces (āṯār). After providing a translation of the fragment, the first part of this paper argues that its author is Abū Bakr al-Rāzī. My argument is based on a comparison between this text and a passage from theDoubts About Galen, which is also by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī. I hypothesize that at least two other fragments from the same work or from different works by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī are preserved in the corpus attributed to Ps-Ǧābir. The second part of the paper aims to reconstruct Abū Bakr al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference. In so doing, I show the historical influence that Hellenistic debates on sign-inference might have had on al-Rāzī, and I situate al-Rāzī’s theory in the context of the prominent use that the theologians of thekalāmmade of theistidlāl bi-al-šāhid ʿalā al-ġāʾib. To offer a more comprehensive reconstruction of al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference, this article compares the critical approach presented in the newly identified fragment with the epistemological framework outlined in theDoubts About Galen.Finally, this article shows that Abū Bakr al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference had a strong influence on al-Fārābī’s logical developments especially in hisEpitome of the Prior Analytics, even if he does not acknowledge this intellectual debt.
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- 2017
40. An overview of metasurfaces for thin antenna applications
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Massimiliano Casaletti, Oscar Quevedo-Teruel, Paolo Burghignoli, Guido Valerio, Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Materials science ,business.industry ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Optoelectronics ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,02 engineering and technology ,Antenna (radio) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,artificial surfaces ,Fabry–Perot cavity ,glide symmetry ,impedance surface ,Leaky-wave antennas ,metasurface ,metasurface antennas - Abstract
International audience; In recent years, metasurfaces have become a rapidly growing domain of research in several fields of engineering and applied physics due to their ability to manipulate both phase and amplitude of electromagnetic fields. These artificial 2D-materials, usually composed of metallic elements printed on dielectric substrates, have the advantages of being low profile, lightweight as well as easy to fabricate and integrate with standard circuit technologies. In this context, this paper reviews the latest progress in metasurface antenna design, where metasurfaces are used to miniaturize the profile, increase the bandwidth, and control the radiation pattern in the near- and far-field regions.; Ces dernières années, la thématique des métasurfaces est devenue un sujet de recherche en pleine expansion dans plusieurs domaines de l’ingénierie et de la physique appliquée, en raison de leur capacité à manipuler à la fois la phase et l’amplitude des champs électromagnétiques. Ces matériaux artificiels bi-dimensionnels, généralement composés d’éléments métalliques imprimés sur des substrats diélectriques, ont l’avantage d’être de très faible épaisseur, légers et faciles à fabriquer et à intégrer avec les circuits imprimés. Cet article passe en revue les dernières avancées dans la conception d’antennes à métasurface, où les métasurfaces sont utilisées pour minimiser l’épaisseur, augmenter la bande passante et contrôler le diagramme de rayonnement en champ proche et en champ lointain.
- Published
- 2021
41. Onze poèmes de Marinetti dans 'Anthologie-Revue' (1898-1900). Edition et commentaire
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Alessandra Marangoni
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Cultural Studies ,Literature ,History ,Free verse ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Poetry ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Art ,Redaction ,Event (philosophy) ,Sonnet ,Cultural relations ,Poésie entre XIXe et XXe siècles. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti ,business ,Composition (language) ,media_common - Abstract
This paper provides the first integral edition of eleven poems by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the founder of Futurism. These eleven poems were all published from march 1898 to january 1900 in a now very rare journal: “Anthologie-Revue de France et d’Italie”. In these pages one can see Marinetti at work, ten years before the foundation of Futurism, both as a french poet and as a fin-de-siecle poet, both as a poet in verse and as a poet in prose. Since “Anthologie-Revue” was printed in Milan by a parisian editor, its redaction group was deeply concerned with franco-italian cultural relations. In this context, along the Milan-Paris axis, we can examine Marinetti’s earliest poetry and its evolution from sonnet to free verse. A decade before launching his avant-garde movement, young Marinetti faces the very last wave of the nineteenth-century Symbolism, showing a general predilection for french poetry. Moreover he had composed french verse since his adolescence. A main editorial principle is at the basis of the present work: the dedication preceding each poem and the place and date following it are always transcripted and possibly commented. New data about european literary contacts are thus documented. New information and details about circumstances of composition are often offered. Texts receiving a new light from either a contemporary historical event or a particular place and landscape.
- Published
- 2021
42. Newborn screening of phenylketonuria in France
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Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez, Jean-Louis Guéant, Elise Jeannesson, François Feillet, Abderrahim Oussalah, Arnaud Wiedemann, Sciences, EDP, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme (MaMEA Nancy-Brabois), and Biochimie – Biologie moléculaire et Nutrition [CHRU Nancy]
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Gynecology ,[SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism ,medicine.medical_specialty ,[SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Medicine ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Phenylketonuria is the most common inborn error of metabolism and causes irreversible mental retardation if left untreated. Its newborn screening was made possible by the technique of blood collection on filter paper developed by Robert Guthrie. Neonatal PKU screening began in France in the early 1970s. It was initially carried out by a bacteriological method, then by fluorometry, and finally, since 2020, by tandem mass spectrometry. More than 35 million newborns have been screened to date. This resulted in the diagnosis of more than 3,500 children with PKU or mild hyperphenylalaninemia. The management of these children has improved over time, in particular thanks to the techniques of biochemistry and molecular genetics which lead to an accurate diagnosis and the arrival of drug treatment by sapropterin. Thanks to this screening, which allows for early management, the prognosis of PKU has been transformed and, although neurological or behavioral problems may arise, these patients are living normally today., La phénylcétonurie (PCU) est la plus fréquente des erreurs innées du métabolisme et entraîne un retard mental irréversible en l’absence de traitement. Son dépistage néonatal a été rendu possible grâce à la technique de recueil de sang sur papier buvard mise au point par Robert Guthrie. Le dépistage néonatal de la PCU a débuté en France au début des années 1970. Il a été initialement réalisé par une technique bactériologique, puis fluorimétrique et, enfin, depuis 2020 par spectrométrie de masse en tandem. Plus de 35 millions de nouveau-nés ont été dépistés à ce jour, ce qui a permis de diagnostiquer plus de 3 500 enfants porteurs de PCU ou hyperphénylalaninémie modérée. La prise en charge de ces enfants a évolué avec le temps, en particulier grâce aux techniques de biochimie et de génétique moléculaire qui permettent un diagnostic précis et grâce à l’arrivée d’un traitement médicamenteux par saproptérine. Grâce à ce dépistage, qui permet une prise en charge précoce, le pronostic de la PCU a été transformé et, même s’il peut survenir des problèmes neurologiques ou comportementaux, ces patients ont une vie normale aujourd’hui.
- Published
- 2021
43. Bayesian predictive probabilities a good way to monitor clinical trials
- Author
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Nicolas Meyer, Eric Noll, Pierre Olivier Ludes, David Ferreira, Klaus D. Torp, Pierre Diemunsch, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire (MSP), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
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Bayesian probability ,Posterior probability ,Laryngoscopes ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,030202 anesthesiology ,law ,Frequentist inference ,Interim ,Statistics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Equivalence (measure theory) ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Models, Statistical ,Laryngoscopy ,business.industry ,Bayes Theorem ,Equipment Design ,Bayesian statistics ,Treatment Outcome ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Research Design ,Sample size determination ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,Early Termination of Clinical Trials ,business - Abstract
Background Bayesian methods, with the predictive probability (PredP), allow multiple interim analyses with interim posterior probability (PostP) computation, without the need to correct for multiple looks at the data. The objective of this paper was to illustrate the use of PredP by simulating a sequential analysis of a clinical trial. Methods We used data from the Laryngobloc trial that planned to include 480 patients to demonstrate the equivalence of success between a laryngoscopy performed with the Laryngobloc® device and a control device. A crossover Bayesian design was used. The success rates of the two laryngoscopy devices were compared. Interim analyses, computed from random numbers of subjects, were simulated. Results The PostP of equivalence rapidly reached the predefined bound of 0.95. The PredP computed with an equivalence margin of 10% reached the efficacy bound between 352 and 409 of the 480 included patients. If a frequentist analysis had been made on the basis of 217 out of 480 subjects, the study would have been prematurely stopped for equivalence. The PredP indicated that this result was nonetheless unstable and that the equivalence was, thus far, not guaranteed. Conclusions Based on these interim analyses, we can conclude with a sufficiently high probability that the equivalence would have been met on the primary outcome before the predetermined end of this particular trial. If a Bayesian approach using PredP had been used, it would have allowed an early termination of the trial by reducing the calculated sample size by 15–20%.
- Published
- 2021
44. The Women's Health Initiative: controversy and impact on the doctor-patient relationship in Quebec and in France
- Author
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Christine Thoer
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,médicament ,business.industry ,ménopause ,menopause ,General Medicine ,Womens’ Health Initiative ,médecins ,Québec ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,hormonothérapie ,hormone replacement therapy ,risque ,Transgender hormone therapy ,medicine ,MDs ,lcsh:H1-99 ,medication ,France ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,business ,risk - Abstract
En juillet 2002, l’annonce des résultats de l’étude WHI, remettait en question l’innocuité de l’hormonothérapie substitutive. L’objectif de cette recherche qualitative comparative, réalisée auprès de 28 cliniciens, est de comprendre leurs réactions aux « nouvelles » informations concernant les risques associés à l’hormonothérapie. Nous nous sommes également attachés à comprendre comment cette évolution des connaissances entourant l’hormonothérapie avait transformé le déroulement des consultations de ménopause et à voir dans quelle mesure elle a entraîné une renégociation de la confiance. La controverse entourant la publication de l’étude WHI fournit ainsi l’occasion de mieux cerner le rôle que joue le traitement hormonal au sein de la relation médecin-patient et constitue également une opportunité d’interroger la thèse de Giddens sur la portée réflexive du risque. In July 2002, the Women’s Health Initiative study raised important questions about hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). This paper, based upon a qualitative and comparative study involving 28 MDs, in France and Quebec, explores their reaction to this controversy. We have tried to understand how the publication of the WHI results has influenced the menopause consultation and whether it has resulted in a renegociation of trust within the medical encounter. This controversy is an opportunity to better understand the role prescription drugs play within the doctor-patient relationship and to question Giddens’ thesis on the reflexive nature of risk.
- Published
- 2020
45. Bilan de deux années de production de vaccin de la fièvre aphteuse au Botswana vaccine Institute
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M. Mannathoko, J. Falconer, D Fargeaud, M. Dupasquier, and J J Guinet
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Foot-and-mouth disease ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Outbreak ,Fmd virus ,Potency ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Vaccine Production ,business ,medicine.disease ,Virology - Abstract
This paper describes the setting up of an emergency foot and mouth disease vaccine production Unit in Botswana. No major problems were experienced in producing effective vaccines against SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 types of FMD virus. The vaccines which were produced were tested in cattle, and in general the bovine Potency values were high. In the field, the vaccines were successful in eliminating outbreaks of the disease in Botswana, and in some of the neighbouring countries. Mention is made of the establishment of a permanent Vaccine Institute capable of producing 21 million doses per year.Cet article décrit la création au Botswana d'une Unité de production de vaccin anti-aphteux à utiliser en cas d'urgence. Aucun problème majeur ne s'est présenté pour la production de vaccins efficaces contre les types SAT 1, SAT 2 et SAT 3 du virus aphteux. Les vaccins produits ont été contrôlés sur bovins; d'une manière générale, les valeurs de la Puissance bovine étaient élevées. Sur le terrain, la qualité des vaccins a fait ses preuves : des foyers de la maladie ont été éliminés au Botswana et dans certains pays limitrophes. Mention est faite de la construction d'un Institut vaccinal permanent d'une capacité de production de 21 millions de doses par an.
- Published
- 2020
46. ICT, Financial Inclusion and Growth: Evidence from African Countries
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Kangni Kpodar, Mihasonirina Andrianaivo, Etudes & Documents - Publications, CERDI, Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France Telecom Group (FTG), and FTG
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Sample (statistics) ,Financial system ,0502 economics and business ,Endogeneity ,050207 economics ,[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Financial services ,General Environmental Science ,Financial inclusion ,050208 finance ,Informal sector ,business.industry ,Economic sector ,05 social sciences ,1. No poverty ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,economic growth ,mobile financial services ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G20 - General ,Information and Communications Technology ,Mobile phone ,ICT ,8. Economic growth ,Africa ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O3 - Innovation • Research and Development • Technological Change • Intellectual Property Rights/O.O3.O30 - General ,business ,JEL: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth/O.O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity/O.O4.O40 - General - Abstract
This paper studies the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially mobile phone rollout, on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, we investigate whether financial inclusion is one of the channels through which mobile phone development influences economic growth. In estimating the impact of ICT on economic growth, we use a wide range of ICT indicators, including mobile and fixed telephone penetration rates and the cost of local calls. We address any endogeneity issues by using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator. Financial inclusion is captured by variables measuring access to financial services, such as the number of deposits or loans per head, compiled by Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Martinez Peria (2007) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP, 2009). The results confirm that ICT, including mobile phone development, contribute significantly to economic growth in African countries. Part of the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on growth comes from greater financial inclusion. At the same time, the development of mobile phones consolidates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, especially in countries where mobile financial services take hold.
- Published
- 2011
47. [The role of the old age psychiatrist in a mobile geriatric team: an example in Tours city area (France)]
- Author
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Vincent Camus, Bertrand Fougère, Sophie Dubnitskiy-Robin, Thomas Desmidt, Camille Debacq, Marc Mennecart, and Jacques-Alexis Nkodo
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geriatric Psychiatry ,Social issues ,Denial ,Intervention (counseling) ,Health care ,medicine ,Urban Health Services ,Dementia ,Humans ,Physician's Role ,Biological Psychiatry ,media_common ,Aged ,Geriatrics ,Aged, 80 and over ,Patient Care Team ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Family medicine ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,France ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Geriatric psychiatry ,Mobile Health Units - Abstract
Background Demographic changes require an adaptation of the geriatric care offer, which is readily oriented towards the community and including the development of out-of-hospital mobile geriatric team (MGT). Although psychiatric disorders of older persons require a comprehensive, integrative and multidisciplinary approach, geriatrics and old age psychiatry mobile units often work in parallel without concertation for the management of complex pathologies. The aim of this paper is to present the organisation and the results of a out-of-hospital MGT with a geriatrician and old age psychiatrists (OAP) in a same unit. Method Data were collected during the first-year (2018) of the out-of-hospital MGT of Tours University hospital. After initial geriatric assessment and when old age psychiatry (OAP) intervention was needed, referral mode and justification, patient's characteristics and recommendations made by the team were collected. Results During the study period, 151 patients were assessed, 53% (n=80) had out-of-medical follow-up or difficulties to access to healthcare; 40% (n=60) had behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), 30% (n=45) falls, 15% (n=23) social problems, 10% (n=15) alteration of overall health status and 5% (n=7) drug conciliation; 40% (n=60) benefited from an OAP evaluation; 100% (n=60) had out of medical follow-up, 83% (n=50) had severe BPSD, 17% (n=10) psychological symptom with psychiatric condition, 10% (n=6) misused psychotropic medications in charge of general comorbidities decompensation; 32% (n=19) had geriatric, OAP consultations and 33% (n=20) were in denial of care; 23% (n=14) with severe BPSD had a second OAP consultation. Discussion Relationship between geriatrician and OAP in the same MGT enables to deliver comprehensive care, including organic, psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities and collaborative assessment of iatrogenicity. A strengthened relationship with general practitioners is a possible option for these frail older patients, out-of-medical follow-up allowing their reintegration in the geriatric healthcare system.
- Published
- 2020
48. Mind, Body, and Metaphor in Ancient Greek Concepts of Emotion
- Author
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Douglas Cairns
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Mind–body problem ,Metaphor ,media_common.quotation_subject ,émotion ,rôle du corps dans les concepts d’émotion ,emotion ,role of the body in emotion concepts ,Ancient Greek ,Representation (arts) ,metaphor ,lcsh:D1-2009 ,media_common ,Emotion ,Cognitive science ,Communication ,Metonymy ,métaphore ,business.industry ,Affective science ,Emotion work ,lcsh:History (General) ,language.human_language ,métonymie ,Embodied cognition ,language ,metonymy ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
This paper presents examples of the role played by metaphor in the formation of ancient Greek emotional concepts. Previous studies of emotion in ancient Greek societies have focused chiefly on the terms that the ancient Greeks used to label their emotional experiences. Such an approach is fundamental, yet overlooks important elements of the language of emotion. The characteristic symptoms, physiological changes, expressions, and behaviours associated with the emotions typically become metonyms for the emotions themselves and are represented in cognitive metaphors that form part of a culture’s conceptual model of emotion. Thus the embodied nature of emotions is reflected in language, and in so far as the metaphors and metonyms of folk physiology are limited by the observed phenomena of real physiology and predicated on basic conceptual structures that are rooted in human beings’ embodied nature, no serious study of emotion language can afford to ignore these aspects. A comprehensive study of emotional metaphor in ancient Greek can thus be expected to present much that is, in broad terms, familiar to us from our own languages. The interesting questions, however, concern the interplay between what is universal and what is specific in both the formation and the application of such concepts. This paper explores some of these questions with particular reference to two Greek images: the symptom of shivering or shuddering; and the representation of grief and other emotions as enveloping garments. Cet article présente des exemples du rôle joué par la métaphore dans la formation des concepts grecs anciens de l’émotion. Les travaux antérieurs sur l’émotion dans la société grecque ancienne se sont intéressés principalement aux termes utilisés par les Grecs anciens pour désigner leurs expériences émotionnelles. Une telle approche est fondamentale, mais elle ignore d’importants éléments du langage de l’émotion. Les symptômes caractéristiques, les changements physiologiques, les expressions et les comportements associés aux émotions deviennent typiquement des métonymies pour les émotions elles-mêmes, et sont représentés dans des métaphores cognitives qui font partie du modèle conceptuel de l’émotion d’une culture. Ainsi, la nature incarnée des émotions se reflète dans le langage, et dans la mesure où les métaphores et les métonymies de l’étymologie populaire sont limitées par les phénomènes observables de la physiologie réelle et fondées sur des structures conceptuelles basiques ayant leurs racines dans la nature incarnée des êtres humains, aucune étude sérieuse du langage de l’émotion ne peut se permettre d’ignorer ces aspects. On est donc en droit de s’attendre à ce qu’une étude exhaustive de la métaphore émotionnelle en Grec ancien présente un grand nombre d’aspects qui, dans les grandes lignes, nous sont familiers dans nos propres langues. Cependant, les questions les plus intéressantes concernent à l’interaction entre ce qui est universel et ce qui est particulier, à la fois dans la formation et dans l’application de tels concepts. Cet article explore certaines de ces questions en se référant en particulier à deux images grecques : le symptôme du tremblement ou du frémissement ; et la représentation de la peine et d’autres émotions comme un vêtement enveloppant.
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- 2016
49. À mêmes mots, sens différents – les difficultés de la terminologie épidémiologique avec la recherche en interventions en santé des populations
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Sarah Viehbeck, Mark Petticrew, Steven Cummins, Thierry Lang, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Context (language use) ,Population health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Health problems ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,education.field_of_study ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,3. Good health ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Public health research differs from clinical epidemiological research in that its focus is primarily on the population level social and structural determinants of individual health and the interventions that might ameliorate them, rather than having a primary focus on individual-level risks. It is typically concerned with the proximal and distal causes of health problems, and their location within complex systems, more than with single exposures. Thus, epidemiological terms and concepts may have very different implications when used in the context of population health. This paper considers some key differences in relation to terms like 'population', 'baseline', 'control group' 'outcome' and 'adverse effects'. Even the concept of an 'intervention' often needs careful handling. The paper concludes that there is a need for an expanded, and more realistic use of these terms in the population health intervention research context.
- Published
- 2016
50. Business as usual in Financial Markets? The creation of incommensurables as institutional maintenance work
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Isabelle Huault, Hélène Rainelli Weiss, Administrateur, Paris Dauphine-PSL, Laboratoire de recherche en gestion et économie (LARGE), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Université Robert Schuman - Strasbourg III, Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Rationalization (economics) ,Business as usual ,resistance ,JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M4 - Accounting and Auditing/M.M4.M40 - General ,Market economy ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,0502 economics and business ,Economics ,media_common ,institutional maintenance ,commensuration ,business.industry ,Institutional change ,05 social sciences ,Financial market ,050201 accounting ,Public relations ,Discretion ,financial derivatives markets ,JEL: N - Economic History/N.N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions/N.N2.N20 - General, International, or Comparative ,incommensurables ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G1 - General Financial Markets/G.G1.G15 - International Financial Markets ,[SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,financial regulation ,business ,[SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration ,050203 business & management ,Qualitative research - Abstract
International audience; This paper aims to contribute to the literature on "institutional maintenance work". Focusing on the institutional disruption resulting from a regulatory project of market rationalisation, it enriches the description and analysis of the specific institutional maintenance work performed by powerful actors who engage in resistance against what they perceive as a threat to their discretion. Built on an in-depth qualitative study, our case concerns an attempt to change the form of over-the-counter markets as part of a recent financial reform. The paper contributes to the expanding literature on the maintenance of institutions by suggesting, in particular, that the creation of incommensurables should be added to the list of strategies available to powerful incumbents seeking to resist institutional change. Bridging the gap between the literatures on institutional maintenance and commensuration, it also demonstrates that specific institutional changes can usefully be understood as changes in commensuration systems. This innovatively suggests the existence of degrees of commensuration and calls for a finer-grained understanding of the institutional work required to maintain institutions in a context where the degree of commensuration experienced by a field or a market threatens to increase under coercive pressure.
- Published
- 2016
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