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With the recent discovery of their ability to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils are increasingly appreciated as active participants in infection and inflammation. NETs are characterized as large, web‐like networks of DNA and proteins extruded from neutrophils, and there is considerable interest in how these structures drive disease in humans. Advancing research in this field is contingent on developing novel tools for quantifying NETosis. To this end, we have developed a 7‐marker flow cytometry panel for analyzing NETosis on human peripheral neutrophils following in vitro stimulation, and in fresh circulating neutrophils under inflammatory conditions. This panel was optimized on neutrophils isolated from whole blood and analyzed fresh or in vitro stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or ionomycin, two known NET‐inducing agonists. Neutrophils were identified as SSChighFSChighCD15+CD66b+. Neutrophils positive for amine residues and 7‐Aminoactinomycin D (7‐AAD), our DNA dye of choice, were deemed necrotic (Zombie‐NIR+7‐AAD+) and were removed from downstream analysis. Exclusion of Zombie‐NIR and positivity for 7‐AAD (Zombie‐NIRdim7‐AAD+) was used here as a marker of neutrophil‐appendant DNA, a key feature of NETs. The presence of two NET‐associated proteins – myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) – were utilized to identify neutrophil‐appendant NET events (SSChighFSChighCD15+CD66b+Zombie NIRdim7‐AAD+MPO+NE+). We also demonstrate that NETotic neutrophils express citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit), are concentration‐dependently induced by in vitro PMA and ionomycin stimulation but are disassembled with DNase treatment, and are present in both chronic and acute inflammation. This 7‐color flow cytometry panel provides a novel tool for examining NETosis in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial titled "Enhancing the right to science: the triple planetary crisis and the need for comprehensive approaches" emphasizes the importance of the right to science in addressing global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss. It discusses the role of the right to science in promoting access to scientific knowledge, protecting against harm, and ensuring academic freedom. The editorial also highlights the need to address global inequalities in scientific practice, decolonize scholarship, and address gender inequalities in the field. It calls for international cooperation and the protection of scientific integrity in the face of disinformation and anti-science sentiment. The article acknowledges the efforts of organizations like UNESCO and the UN Human Rights Council in promoting the right to science but recognizes the obstacles and inequalities that need to be addressed for effective implementation. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of early and late complications following treatment of patella fractures. Secondary aims were to investigate the association between early and late complications and the patient-reported outcome measurement, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). Methods: Cross-sectional study including all patients recorded with a patella fracture residing in the Northern Region of Denmark between 2010 and 2020. Early (before 3 months) and late complications were investigated by retrospective review of charts and x-rays. All patients were invited to participate in the study by reporting current knee-specific symptoms. The KOOS was used to investigate patient-reported knee-specific symptoms. Results: Seven hundred ninety-eight patients were included in the study. A total of 532 (67%) patients were treated conservatively, and 266 (33%) patients underwent surgery. The mean age at the time of fracture was 66.8, ranging from 6 to 103 years of age. The mean follow-up time was 6.4 years, ranging from 1.1 to 12.3 years follow-up. Overall, the rate of complications was 26%. Overall, the rate of complication for the surgical group was 57% and for the conservative group 4%. The most common early complication was the loss of reduction followed by the removal of symptomatic hardware. The most common late complication was the removal of symptomatic hardware and knee arthroscopy. In all the five KOOS subscales (Pain, Symptoms, ADL, Sport/Rec, and QOL), patients presenting with early and late complications reported statistically significantly worse scores than those without complications. Conclusion: The overall incidence of complications in patients presenting with a patella fracture was 26%, with a mean follow-up time of 6.4 years. In the surgical group, 57% of patients experience at least one complication during the follow-up period. Early and late complications were significantly associated with worse KOOS subscale scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital twin (DT) technology has been a topic with academic and industrial coverage in recent years. DTs are intended to be a virtual high‐fidelity representation of a physical counterpart. Its complex nature requires several components to create and run a DT, and that is why many DT frameworks have been proposed in the literature. There are also many surveys of DTs, but none that is bottom‐up with concrete examples and focused on open‐source software. This survey analyzes 14 open‐source DT frameworks in 10 different dimensions, which are then categorized in six different groups according to their modeling and technological domain, to present the reader different options for creating and managing DT applications, and to understand potential combinations, uses, and limitations of the tools. It also presents a case study with five of the explored DT frameworks, describing the process on how the DT is set up and comparing their capabilities based on the services to be provided by the DT. Finally, it discusses advantages and limitations of the tools according to domain, requirements, and scope, relevant aspects regarding built‐in simulations and data analytics, theory‐to‐practice transition, and advantages/disadvantages of using open‐source software instead of commercial. Main limitations of the study due to its narrow niche, conclusions, and opportunities for future research regarding the potential room for improvement in terms of out‐of‐the‐box features and services for DTs, are also shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale disasters have exposed vulnerabilities in energy systems and interdependent infrastructure, underscoring the importance of proactively mitigating risks to critical infrastructure. This paper focuses on strengthening power system planning by incorporating the costs associated with prolonged and extensive power interruptions to bolster resilience. To achieve this, duration-dependent customer damage functions are developed, capturing the direct, indirect, and societal impacts of power interruptions, ranging from short, localized events to widespread and long-duration ones. The research methodology is applied to three islanded communities facing substantial resilience challenges with limited data availability. Three customer interruption cost surveys are conducted with local electricity customers, yielding valuable insights into duration-dependent customer damage functions for direct, indirect, and monetizable societal costs. Significantly, the power interruption cost estimates derived from these functions vary considerably from those in the contiguous U.S. and even between the different islanded communities, reflecting their distinct hazard profiles and geographical characteristics. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of duration-dependent customer damage functions to enhance power system resilience. It also identifies several areas for further research, paving the way for a more robust and resilient power infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brennen Ferguson, a member of the Tuscarora Nation and the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, recently participated in a restitution process with the Museum of Ethnography in Geneva. He noticed one of their sacred items on display and requested its removal, which the museum agreed to after receiving a letter. The item was successfully returned in February 2023. Ferguson discusses the challenges of restitution, including museums' reluctance to return items and the importance of respectful engagement with Indigenous Peoples. He also emphasizes the need for museums to reconsider their relationships with Indigenous communities and allow them to determine the appropriate treatment of their cultural items. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the relationship between heritage and decoloniality, focusing on how colonial legacies continue to impact public spaces and social structures. The authors argue for the need to challenge racialized social systems and exclusionary regimes through grassroots activism and protests. They also explore the politics of representation, the decolonization of heritage institutions and practices, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and diverse perspectives. The article includes case studies, interviews, and reflections on the complexities of heritage and decoloniality. It calls for further exploration of the different ways decoloniality is mobilized, the concrete manifestations of decoloniality in heritage practice, and the practical implications for transformative actions. The text emphasizes the importance of recognizing power structures, diverse perspectives, and the complexities of decoloniality in heritage practices. [Extracted from the article]

The consumption of primates is integral to the traditional subsistence strategies of many Indigenous communities throughout Amazonia. Understanding the overall health of primates harvested for food in the region is critical to Indigenous food security and thus, these communities are highly invested in long‐term primate population health. Here, we describe the establishment of a surveillance comanagement program among the Waiwai, an Indigenous community in the Konashen Amerindian Protected Area (KAPA). To assess primate health in the KAPA, hunters performed field necropsies on primates harvested for food and tissues collected from these individuals were analyzed using histopathology. From 2015 to 2019, hunters conducted 127 necropsies across seven species of primates. Of this sample, 82 primates (between 2015 and 2017) were submitted for histopathological screening. Our histopathology data revealed that KAPA primates had little evidence of underlying disease. Of the tissue abnormalities observed, the majority were either due to diet (e.g., hepatocellular pigment), degenerative changes resulting from aging (e.g., interstitial nephritis, myocyte lipofusion), or nonspecific responses to antigenic stimulation (renal and splenic lymphoid hyperplasia). In our sample, 7.32% of individuals had abnormalities that were consistent with a viral etiology, including myocarditis and hepatitis. Internal parasites were observed in 53.66% of individuals and is consistent with what would be expected from a free‐ranging primate population. This study represents the importance of baseline data for long‐term monitoring of primate populations hunted for food. More broadly, this research begins to close a critical gap in zoonotic disease risk related to primate harvesting in Amazonia, while also demonstrating the benefits of partnering with Indigenous hunters and leveraging hunting practices in disease surveillance and primate population health assessment. Research Highlights: Primate subsistence hunting is integral to the food security of Indigenous communities throughout the tropical world, and these communities are invested in long‐term primate population health.We established a hunter‐based disease surveillance comanagement program to monitor the health of primates living in the Konashen Amerindian Protected Area, Southern Guyana.Our research demonstrates the importance of partnering with Indigenous hunters and leveraging hunting practices in disease surveillance and primate population health assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug efflux pumps excrete a range of small molecules from bacterial cells. In this study, we show that bacterial efflux pumps have affinity for a range of SYTO™ dyes that are commonly used to label bacteria. Efflux pump activity will there lead to false negative results from bacterial staining and SYTO™ dyes should be used with caution on live samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Phosphorus (P) deficiency in plants creates a variety of metabolic perturbations that decrease photosynthesis and growth. Phosphorus deficiency is especially challenging for the production of bioenergy feedstock plantation species, such as poplars (Populus spp.), where fertilization may not be practically or economically feasible. While the phenotypic effects of P deficiency are well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying whole-plant and tissue-specific responses to P deficiency, and in particular the responses of commercially valuable hardwoods, are less studied. Methods: We used a multi-tissue and multi-omics approach using transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of the leaves and roots of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) seedlings grown under P-deficient (5 µM P) and replete (100 µM P) conditions to assess this knowledge gap and to identify potential gene targets for selection for P efficiency. Results: In comparison to seedlings grown at 100 µM P, P-deficient seedlings exhibited reduced dry biomass, altered chlorophyll fluorescence, and reduced tissue P concentrations. In line with these observations, growth, C metabolism, and photosynthesis pathways were downregulated in the transcriptome of the Pdeficient plants. Additionally, we found evidence of strong lipid remodeling in the leaves. Metabolomic data showed that the roots of P-deficient plants had a greater relative abundance of phosphate ion, which may reflect extensive degradation of P-rich metabolites in plants exposed to long-term P-deficiency. With the notable exception of the KEGG pathway for Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500), the responses of the transcriptome and the metabolome to P deficiency were consistent with one another. No significant changes in the proteome were detected in response to P deficiency. Discussion and conclusion: Collectively, our multi-omic and multi-tissue approach enabled the identification of important metabolic and regulatory pathways regulated across tissues at the molecular level that will be important avenues to further evaluate for P efficiency. These included stress-mediating systems associated with reactive oxygen species maintenance, lipid remodeling within tissues, and systems involved in P scavenging from the rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated neutrophils release a range of inflammatory products that represent potential biomarkers, and there is interest in the prognostic value of these in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We conducted a systematic review to examine neutrophil-enriched biomarkers and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ACS. We identified twenty-seven studies including 17,831 patients with ACS. The most studied biomarkers were neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Meta-analyses showed that elevated NGAL was associated with higher MACE rates (unadjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.52, 95% CI 1.12–2.06, p = 0.006) as were elevated MPO levels (unadjusted RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22–2.13, p = 0.01). There was limited data suggesting that increased levels of calprotectin, proteinase-3 and double-stranded DNA were also associated with MACE. These results suggest that higher levels of neutrophil-enriched biomarkers may be predictive of MACE in patients with ACS, although higher-quality studies are needed to confirm these observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rodents are key reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Importantly, anthropogenic land‐use change has been found to increase the abundance of rodents that thrive in human‐built environments (synanthropic rodents), particularly rodent reservoirs of zoonotic disease. Anthropogenic environments also affect the microbiome of synanthropic wildlife, influencing wildlife health and potentially introducing novel pathogens. Our objective was to examine the effect of agricultural development and synanthropic habitat on microbiome diversity and the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in wild Peromyscus mice to better understand the role of these rodents in pathogen maintenance and transmission. We conducted 16S amplicon sequencing on faecal samples using long‐read nanopore sequencing technology to characterize the rodent microbiome. We compared microbiome diversity and composition between forest and synanthropic habitats in agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and screened for putative pathogenic bacteria. Microbiome richness, diversity, and evenness were higher in the agricultural landscape and synanthropic habitat compared to undeveloped‐forest habitat. Microbiome composition also differed significantly between agricultural and undeveloped landscapes and forest and synanthropic habitats. We detected overall low diversity and abundance of putative pathogenic bacteria, though putative pathogens were more likely to be found in mice from the agricultural landscape. Our findings show that landscape‐ and habitat‐level anthropogenic factors affect Peromyscus microbiomes and suggest that landscape‐level agricultural development may be important to predict zoonotic pathogen prevalence. Ultimately, understanding how anthropogenic land‐use change and synanthropy affect rodent microbiomes and pathogen prevalence is important to managing transmission of rodent‐borne zoonotic diseases to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients undergoing radiation therapy have a diverse range of information needs, however, there is a lack of data specific to the needs of New Zealand patients. This cross‐sectional survey captured New Zealand cancer patients' preferences for radiation treatment information. Preferences were assessed regarding the scope of information needs and the satisfaction with which these needs were being met. Methods: A custom survey was offered to 275 eligible patients undergoing radiation treatment at six of 10 departments across New Zealand over a 2‐day period. The survey captured patient demographics as well as information needs and satisfaction across five distinct domains using Likert scales and one free‐text question. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and directed content analysis. Results: Over 80% of participants rated all information domains as extremely or very important. Over 90% of participants were extremely satisfied or very well satisfied in four of the five domains. Information on what happens after radiation treatment had the lowest satisfaction at 78%. No demographic subcategories were clearly associated with differences in information needs or satisfaction. 59% of participants indicated their willingness to engage in online education. The qualitative analysis strongly corroborated the quantitative results. Conclusion: The New Zealand cancer patients surveyed in this study demonstrated high levels of importance and satisfaction with the information provided during radiation treatment. Information on what happens after completing radiation treatment had the lowest satisfaction. These findings support further exploration of New Zealand cancer patients' information needs following radiation treatment as well as strategies to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis causes ungulate morbidity and mortality in eastern and central North America, but no reference genome sequence exists to facilitate research. Here, we present a P. tenuis genome assembly and annotation, generated with PacBio and Illumina technologies. The assembly is 491 Mbp, with 7285 scaffolds and 185 kb N50. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNESCO defines intangible cultural heritage (ICH), in contrast to conservation-oriented models, as "living" and as playing a dynamic role in contemporary society, thus bringing to the fore a controversial entanglement with the market. On the basis of multilevel and multipositioned participant observation of the ICH global governance apparatus, I focus on displays of embarrassment (and preventive prudishness) triggered by this entanglement among actors with normative agency in the implementation of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the ICH. In shedding light on their disorientation vis-à-vis the intrinsic commercial dimension of cultural practices recognized as ICH, I highlight the role of affects and emotions in UNESCO's lifeworld. Distress triggered by the violation of assimilated cultural codes defining heritage as inalienable reveals the cultural intimacy that binds a transnational epistemic community of heritage professionals. Challenging UNESCO's polished self-representation as a dispassionate, rational bureaucracy, I consider the major international clearing house for heritage policies as a social world with its own affective life. I argue that these affects have a performative influence on the practice of heritage making, despite official, rationalizing narratives such as that of "good" versus "bad" commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the unique impact the first COVID‐19 national lockdown in New Zealand (NZ) had on the utility of computed tomography (CT)‐head scanning in patients presenting to the ED with head injuries. Methods: Retrospective observational study of CT‐head use in head‐injured patients presenting to the ED during the 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown compared to the corresponding time period in 2019. Results: During the lockdown period in 2020, the total number of ED presentations reduced by 30.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.8–31.6) from 13 477 to 9403. The total number of head injury presentations also reduced by 32% (95% CI 27–36.7) from 523 to 356. The proportion of head‐injured patients remained similar (3.9% [n = 523] in 2019 vs 3.8% [n = 356] in 2020). Of the head injured patients, 185 (51.9%, 95% CI 44.5–59.4) had CT‐head scans performed in 2020 compared to 269 (51.4%, 95% CI 45.2–57.5) in 2019; a reduction of 31.2% (95% CI 24.5–37.9). The proportion of patients who had a CT‐head scan remained similar (51.4% [95% CI 45.2–57.5] in 2019 vs 51.9% [95% CI 44.5–59.4] in 2020). There were no significant differences in the proportion of CT‐head scans with acute traumatic pathology (13.0% [95% CI 8.7–17.3] in 2019 vs 12.4% [95% CI 7.4–17.5] in 2020, P = 0.86). Conclusions: During the first COVID‐19 lockdown in NZ, the total number of patients presenting to the ED decreased by one third. Reassuringly, the proportion of patients who presented with head injuries, had a CT‐head scan performed, and had positive CT‐head findings remained the same as the previous year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of tibial nonunion is challenging and treatment may be conservative or surgical. Conservative strategies include functional braces and weight bearing, or focused extracorporeal shockwave therapy (fESWT). A 45-year-old male patient sustained spiral tibial shaft fractures and was treated surgically within 24 hours after the initial accident with intramedullary nails. The tibial fracture was later classified as nonunion after 11 months. Radiologic evaluation 17 months after the initial trauma demonstrated clinical nonunion, and subsequently the patient was offered a conservative approach with fESWT to facilitate an increase in callus formation. The handpiece was fitted with a stand-off II (long), penetration depth of 15 mm. Three cycles were administered in month 17, 19 and 20 after baseline. Each cycle consisted of three treatments sessions spaced with 6–8 days apart, and consisted of 3000 to 4000 impulses each given at 0.25–0.84 mJ/mm2. The number of impulses and the power at the focus point varied according to the pain response. The patient achieved union 23 months after fracture. A clinical important improvement was observed with both Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) (18-point difference) and Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) (average: 4.7 points,) The "worst pain last 24 hours" was reduced by 5 points. These values express minimal clinically important difference (MCID) values in these functional patient-reported outcome measures. This treatment strategy may be viable in a broader setting, including private practice physiotherapy thereby treating the patient in close proximity to the patient's everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite intensive research into the epidemiology of adult distal forearm fractures, the literature is limited. This study aimed to provide a full overview of adult distal forearm fracture epidemiology, including incidence, fracture classification, mode of injury, and trauma mechanism in patients sustaining a distal forearm fracture, based on an accurate at-risk population with manually validated data leading to a high quality in data. Methods: This was a population-based cohort study with a manual review of X-rays and charts. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of adult distal forearm fractures. The study was based on an average at-risk population of 522 607 citizens. A total of 5426 adult distal forearm fractures were included during the study period. Females accounted for 4199 (77%) and males accounted for 1227 (23%) of fractures. Results: The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.7/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year, and male incidence was 93.3/100 000/year. A marked increase in incidence with increasing age was observed for females after 50 years of age. The incidence of distal radius fractures was 203.0/100 000/year, and the incidence of isolated ulna fractures was 3.8/100 000/year. The most common fracture type was an extra-articular AO type 2R3A (69%), and the most common mode of injury was a fall from own height (76%). A small non-trending year-to-year variation was observed during the 5-year study period. Conclusion: Results show that adult distal forearm fractures are very common in women after the postmenopausal period. The overall incidence of adult distal forearm fractures was 207.8/100 000/year. Female incidence was 323.4/100 000/year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the keynote speech delivered by the authors at the European Evaluation Society (EES) conference held in Copenhagen, Denmark on June 10, 2022. Topics they discussed include the idea of skeptical turn in evaluation, whereby it would allow a symmetrical relationship between evaluation and the world, the constitutive effects of evaluation, and ways for evaluators to consider ther idea of skepticism in evaluation.

Webber Ndoro, former director general of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), discusses the influence of Western perspectives on the definition and interpretation of heritage. He highlights the need to incorporate diverse perspectives and values in order to create a more inclusive understanding of heritage. Ndoro also addresses the challenges of decolonizing heritage, including the limited participation of local communities and the dominance of Western-trained professionals in the field. He emphasizes the importance of anthropology in understanding and including the perspectives of marginalized groups. [Extracted from the article]

Carine Ayélé Durand, the director of the Museum of Ethnography in Geneva, discusses the museum's approach to decolonization in an interview. She emphasizes the concept of co-construction, which involves incorporating multiple perspectives, including those of the descendants of the people who made the objects in the museum, into exhibitions and other activities. The museum also focuses on researching the provenance of its collections and creating exhibitions with the free, prior, and informed consent of the communities involved. Durand acknowledges the challenges of decolonizing museums, including the need to reframe professional practices, but sees it as an opportunity to address the colonial history embedded in the collections. She also discusses the possibility of changing the museum's name to better reflect its interdisciplinary approach and the complexity of the world today. Durand believes that anthropology is well-suited to address decoloniality because it requires constant unlearning and relearning. [Extracted from the article]

This case report presents a 40-year-old patient with a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secreting high grade (Ki-67 39%) neuroendocrine tumor (NET) from the pancreas, for whom successful liver transplantation (LT) was carried out 8 years after resection of the primary tumor due to massive liver metastases. The transplantation was done as rescue therapy due to rapid progression and a devastating clinical condition requiring intravenous supplementation for 20 hours daily. The latest imaging carried out 18 months after transplantation is without signs of recurrence, and the patient is in good health with undetectable levels of VIP. According to the guidelines, LT is only recommended if Ki-67 is <20% and if there has been tumor control for more than 6 months prior to transplantation. Our case illustrates that LT is an option that should be considered for selected NET patients without extrahepatic involvement regardless of tumor grade and clinical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of long-term datasets is crucial in ecology because it provides a comprehensive understanding of natural fluctuations, changes in ecosystems over extended periods of time, and robust comparisons across geographical scales. This information is critical in detecting and analysing trends and patterns in species populations, community dynamics, and ecosystem functioning, which in turn helps in predicting future changes and impacts of human activities. Additionally, long-term data sets allow for the evaluation of the effectiveness of conservation efforts and management strategies, enabling scientists and decision makers to make evidence-based decisions for biodiversity conservation. Although the use of long-term data is recognized as highly important in several scientific disciplines, its usage remains undervalued regarding questions in invasion science. Here, we used four regional subsets (i.e. England, Hungary, Denmark and the Dutch-German-Luxembourg) of a recently collated long-term time series database to investigate the abundance and dynamics of occurring non-native species over space and time in Europe. While we found differences in the numbers of non-native species across the studied regions (Dutch-German-Luxembourg region = 37; England = 17, Hungary = 34; Denmark = 3), non-native species detection rates were continuous over time. Our results further show that long-term monitoring efforts at large spatial scales can substantially increase the accuracy and rate at which non-native species are detected. This information can inform management endeavours dealing with non-native species, underlining the need for invasion scientists and authorities-stakeholders to make more effort in collecting, analysing and making available long-term datasets at broader geographic ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamical systems see widespread use in natural sciences like physics, biology, and chemistry, as well as engineering disciplines such as circuit analysis, computational fluid dynamics, and control. For simple systems, the differential equations governing the dynamics can be derived by applying fundamental physical laws. However, for more complex systems, this approach becomes exceedingly difficult. Data-driven modeling is an alternative paradigm that seeks to learn an approximation of the dynamics of a system using observations of the true system. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in applying data-driven modeling techniques to solve a wide range of problems in physics and engineering. This article provides a survey of the different ways to construct models of dynamical systems using neural networks. In addition to the basic overview, we review the related literature and outline the most significant challenges from numerical simulations that this modeling paradigm must overcome. Based on the reviewed literature and identified challenges, we provide a discussion on promising research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interpretation of patient-reported outcome scores such as the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) can be improved with use of reference values. The aim of the study was to establish population-based reference values for the HOOS' five subscales and its short-form HOOS-12. Materials and methods: A representative sample of 9997 Danish citizens 18 years and older were identified. The population record-based sample was based on seven predefined age groups and an equal sex distribution within each age group. A national secure electronic system was used to send the HOOS questionnaire and one supplementary question regarding previous hip complaints to all participants. Results: 2277 participants completed the HOOS, 947 women (42%) and 1330 men (58%). The mean HOOS subscale scores were: pain 86.9 (95% CI 86.1–87.7), symptoms 83.7 (95% CI 82.9–84.5), ADL 88.2 (95% CI 87.5–89.0), sport and recreation function 83.1 (95% CI 82.0–84.1), QOL 82.7 (95% CI 81.8–83.6). The youngest age group reported better mean scores in four subscales compared to the oldest age group (pain 91.7 vs. 84.5, mean difference 7.2 95% CI 0.4–14.0), (ADL 94.6 points vs. 83.2, mean difference 11.4 95% CI 4.9–17.8), (sport and recreation function 91.5 points vs. 73.8 points, mean difference 17.7 95% CI 9.0–26.4), (QOL 88.9 points vs. 78.8, mean difference 10.1 points 95% CI 2.0–18.2). Participants with a self-reported hip complaint had worse HOOS scores across all subscales (mean difference range 22.1–34.6). Super obese patients (BMI > 40) had > 12.5 points worse scores across the five HOOS subscales. Results were similar for the HOOS-12. Conclusion: This study provides reference values for the HOOS and its short form HOOS-12. Results show that older patients and patients with a BMI over 40 have worse HOOS and HOOS-12 scores that may be of clinical importance in the interpretation of scores both when evaluating potential for improvement and post-treatment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is widely used in clinical practice and research. However, FAOS reference values are missing to aid interpretation. This study aimed to establish national record–based reference values for the FAOS. Methods: A national representative sample of 9996 adult Danish citizens was derived from the Danish Civil Registration System. The FAOS questionnaire was sent to all participants, including 2 supplemental questions regarding previous foot and ankle problems and body mass index (BMI). A threshold of 10 FAOS points was predefined as a clinically relevant difference across all 5 subscales. Results: A total of 2759 participants completed the FAOS. Mean age of participants was 60.5 years, and 51% were women. The mean FAOS subscale scores were as follows: pain, 87.1 (95% CI 86.4-87.8); symptoms, 85.1 (95% CI 84.5-85.8); activity of daily living (ADL), 88.9 (95% CI 88.2-89.6); sport and recreation function 78.5 (95% CI 77.4-79.6); and quality of life (QOL), 79.9 (95% CI 79.0-80.9). The mean difference between men and women was small and not clinically relevant (ranged from 0.9 in ADL to 3.4 in QOL). The largest differences in mean scores between age groups ranged from 4.3 in symptoms to 16.4 in sport/rec. Except for the subscale sport/rec, all age-related differences were below the predefined threshold of 10 for clinical relevance. The difference in mean subscale scores between the lowest BMI group (<24.7) and the obese group (>30) ranged from 19.6 in ADL to 39.1 in sport/rec. Conclusion: We found in our population that BMI severely impacted FAOS scores. We recommend using BMI-specific reference FAOS values. Separate FAOS reference values for men and women appear not needed. Stratifying reference values for age is likely not needed except for the subscale sport and recreation function. Level of evidence: Level III, cohort study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological and computational advancements in the fields of genomics and bioinformatics are providing exciting new opportunities for pathogen discovery and genomic surveillance. In particular, single-molecule nucleotide sequence data originating from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing platforms can be bioinformatically leveraged, in real-time, for enhanced biosurveillance of a vast array of zoonoses. The recently released nanopore adaptive sampling (NAS) strategy facilitates immediate mapping of individual nucleotide molecules to a given reference as each molecule is being sequenced. User-defined thresholds then allow for the retention or rejection of specific molecules, informed by the real-time reference mapping results, as they are physically passing through a given sequencing nanopore. Here, we show how NAS can be used to selectively sequence DNA of multiple bacterial tick-borne pathogens circulating in wild populations of the blacklegged tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battery management systems (BMSs) are critical to ensure the efficiency and safety of high-power battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in vehicular and stationary applications. Recently, the proliferation of battery big data and cloud computing advancements has led to the development of a new generation of BMSs, named Cloud BMS (CBMS), aiming to improve the performance and safety of BESSs. The CBMS is a cyber-physical system with connectivity between the physical BMS and a cloud-based virtual BMS, which is realized through a communication channel such as Internet of Things. Compared to the traditional BMS, the CBMS offers significantly higher computational resources, leveraging the implementation of advanced digital twin models and best-in-class algorithms in the BMS software, which will provide superior performances. However, as for any other CPS, the CBMS creates vulnerabilities against cyberattacks and if not properly secured, could end up damaging the BESS and/or causing dangerous, expensive, and life-threatening situations. Cybersecurity of the CBMSs has thus become a trending topic and several works have been published in this area in recent years. This paper conducts a scoping review to address different topics related to BMS cybersecurity. The CBMS architecture is presented, and the potential cyberattack surfaces are identified. Different possible attack scenarios, including attack points, attack types, and their impact at the component level (BMS and BESS) and system level (vehicle or grid), are discussed. In addition, the paper provides a review of potential countermeasures to protect the CBMS against cyberattacks. The paper also includes a review of the applicable standards and regulations that relate to this trending topic. Finally, based on the reviewed gaps, potential future research domains on BMS cybersecurity topics are identified and presented at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Concussion is a common ED complaint, but diagnosis is challenging as there are no validated objective measures. Use of concussion tools derived from sports medicine is common, but these tools are not well validated in ED settings. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5) to identify concussion in ED patients presenting following head injury. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of head‐injured adult patients presenting to ED between March and July 2021. ED diagnosis of concussion was used as the diagnostic standard, and we assessed the diagnostic performance of the SCAT5 test and its three subsections (Standardised Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Post‐Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and Modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS)) against this. Results: Thirty‐two head‐injured participants were enrolled, 19 of whom had a discharge diagnosis of concussion, alongside 17 controls. Median time for SCAT5 testing was 21 (interquartile range 16–27) min. Fifteen (30.6%) participants were interrupted during testing. Area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for the SAC, PCSS and mBESS were 0.51 (0.34–0.68), 0.92 (0.84–0.99) and 0.66 (0.47–0.85), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of sections were as follows: entire SCAT5 (100.0%, 20.0%), SAC (48.1%, 60.0%), PCSS (89.7%, 85.0%) and mBESS (83.3%, 58.8%). Using PCSS alone would have identified 17 of 19 concussions. Conclusion: The SCAT5 test had a low specificity, was long and was frequently interrupted. We suggest it is not an ideal assessment to use in ED. The PCSS score performed well and was easy to complete. It may be useful as a standalone tool to simplify ED concussion identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current credentialing and privileging (C&P) climate has evolved due to a risk reduction/management awareness of increased institutional legal liability. This recognition affects dental colleges and has caused the implementation of C&P processes. Contemporary best practices for methods, processes, and structure are reported here. Data reported from the process show how and what clinicians' red flags were discovered during the process. Conclusions include the following: C&P is a significant process to introduce in terms of institutional resources and commitment. This process includes increased clinician and administrative burden that needs to have a governor. Attention to experiences of other institutions can reduce but not eliminate challenges from the clinician and some administrators. A primary data‐based verification process administered by a credentialing specialist can make the process valid and workable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: At present, limited knowledge regarding clinical, functional, and patient-reported outcomes at mid- and long-terms after surgical treatment of traumatic knee dislocations is available. This study aimed to investigate the mid-term recovery regarding clinical, functional, and patient-reported outcomes in patients following knee dislocation with associated multi-ligament injuries. Materials and methods: The study design was a cross-sectional cohort study. Data were collected by retrospective chart review, clinical examination, and interview of patients. All patients treated surgically following a knee dislocation between January 2000 and December 2011 were included. The surgical technique was up to the decision of the individual surgeon. The main outcome was the Lysholm knee score. Secondary outcomes consist of clinical knee examination, functional performance test, pain, and patient-reported outcome across several domains in function, sport, pain, and quality of life. Results: Seventy-five patients (66.3%) accepted the invitation to participate. The mean age at the time of knee dislocation was 33.5 years, with a range of 16–65 years of age. The mean follow-up time was 78 months (R: 17–147). 75% of patient a Schenck's type 1 lesion and 23% a type 3. The median Lysholm knee score was 83 (R: 18–100). The mean KOOS for the five subscales were pain 84.5 (95% CI 80.5–88.5), symptoms 75.1 (95% CI 70.7–79.4), ADL 87.0 (95% CI 83.1–90.9), sport 59.9 (95% CI 53.3–66.4), and QOL 71.3 (95% CI 67.0–75.6). The mean Tegner activity level was 5.1 (95% CI 4.5–5.7). The median single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) was 93 (R: 0–100). The pain intensity score for pain (VAS) during activity was reported with a mean of 2.7 (95% CI 2.1–3.3). The objective IKDC examination showed 76% of patients grouped by Grade A (normal knee function) or Grade B (nearly normal). Conclusion: With a mean follow-up of 6.5 years, combined repair and reconstruction surgery following a knee dislocation shows good to excellent patient-reported outcome and more than 75% of patients experiencing normal knee functioned evaluated by the IKDC score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Mink (Neovison vison) is well-known as one of the most important sources of fur and is used as feed across the North zone of China. Using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, this study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of a five color of mink populations in China (ddRAD-seq). The black mink population was found to be genetically differentiated from other color type populations, whereas a clustering of the red mink and black mink populations was observed; further, other color populations clustered separately. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the genes with a selection signature were enriched in the melanogenesis pathway. The results of our study provide basic information on mink diversity, and theoretical concepts for the conservation and exploitation of mink breeds in China. The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semiaquatic species of Mustelid native to North America that is now widespread in China. However, the knowledge of genetic diversity of mink in China is still limited. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and identified significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mink populations of five different color types in three different mink farms in China. Using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, we identified a total of 1.3 million SNPs. After filtering the SNPs, phylogenetic tree, Fst, principal component, and population structure analyses were performed. The results demonstrated that red mink and black mink grouped, with separate clustering of all other color types. The population divergence index (Fst) study confirmed that different mink populations were distinct (K = 4). Two populations with different coat colors were subjected to the selection signature analysis, and 2300 genes were found to have a clear selection signature. The genes with a selection signature were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) categorization and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, the results revealed that the genes with a selection signature were enriched in the melanogenesis pathway. These study's findings have set the stage for improved breeding and conservation of genetic resources in real-world practical mink farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This research assessed the preparedness of new graduate radiation therapists (NGRTs) for the clinical practice of planning. Methods: A senior planner from each department and NGRTs who completed their degree in 2020 were surveyed after approximately 6 months of practice. Both were asked about NGRTs preparedness for practice and for feedback on the Bachelor of Radiation Therapy (BRT) planning curriculum. NGRTs were asked about body sites planned, how many plans they completed and planning techniques they had used. Senior planners were asked about their expectations of NGRTs in planning. Results: New graduate radiation therapists frequently planned using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) or virtual simulation (VSim). Commonly planned body sites were those with palliative intent, radical breast and sites more frequently planned using 3DCRT. The departmental sign-off process sometimes prevented them from generating VMAT plans. They suggested more VMAT teaching could be included in the BRT. Senior planners expected NGRTs to be able to plan using 3DCRT and VMAT/IMRT. They suggested more clinical workflow teaching in the BRT planning curriculum. The majority of NGRTs and senior planners felt the BRT prepared the NGRTs for clinical practice. Conclusion: The undergraduate degree is preparing NGRTs for clinical practice in planning. 3DCRT and VSim planning techniques remain a core role of NGRTs and a large proportion of clinical workload. NGRTs utilised their VMAT/IMRT planning skills less often during their initial period of practice, despite being expected to possess these skills. This is a challenge for the undergraduate curriculum and New Zealand departments as the clinical use of VMAT/IMRT continues to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural intensification and habitat degradation across Europe have caused declines since the 20th century in populations of birds adapted to open landscapes, such as the Redbacked Shrike (Lanius collurio). Effective conservation strategies require knowledge on species' breeding biology. To understand the status of the Danish breeding population better, we investigate which factors affect their breeding parameter (i.e. distribution, performance, post-fledging survival and behaviour). Our focus on the post-fledging period addresses present knowledge gaps due to the importance of this, yet understudied, phase of passerines' breeding cycle. We studied breeding pairs on different habitat types with Denmark-wide Citizen Science data, complemented by data of local projects in Northern Zealand and Northern Jutland (Denmark). Significantly fewer pairs were found in agricultural habitats and more in forests, semi-natural open habitats and synanthropic habitats. Pairs in forests had a significantly higher breeding productivity compared to agricultural or semi-natural open habitats for data from the years 2000 to 2021. Some project sites showed significantly higher number of fledglings compared to others, indicating that these sites are potential core areas for breeding productivity. Over the last two decades, the mean breeding productivity across Denmark was stable with 2.3 fledglings per successful pair. The survival rate of ringed fledglings increased during the post-fledging period, likely due to their increase in more active and independent behaviour. The relatively low breeding productivity found in this study calls for further studies including detailed data from potentially secondary habitats like agricultural areas to understand the effects of habitat on population fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While methodologists often assert that a mixed methods approach has greater practical utility than a monomethod approach used in a similar setting, empirical data have been lacking. To examine this assertion, we studied the practical utility of workplace assessments in 1801 public organizations in Denmark, of which 540 chose mixed methods. We measure utility in terms of action taken as well as perceived utility. We contribute to mixed methods research by documenting higher practical utility in mixed methods. Mixed methods share with qualitative methods an association with influence from local stakeholders and employee engagement, but not the weaknesses of qualitative methods (such as lack of documentation and incompatibility with management preferences). Mixed methods may serve diverse stakeholders as a successful hybrid rather than as a unique paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most dominant trends in the field of evaluation in recent years is the institutionalization of evaluation under headlines such as "evaluation culture," "evaluation policy," and "evaluation systems." There has been less interest in how evaluation systems can be changed, modified, or improved, not to mention deinstitutionalized, if necessary. Can a variety of stakeholders deliberate about the consequences of an evaluation system, and can it lead to policy change? A case study of a ministerial advisory group on national tests in Denmark shows how specific challenges were dealt with, such as the design of the deliberative process, the potential dominance of experts, and the distinction between technical-evaluative and practical-political arguments, and how these maneuvers paved the way for policy change. Based on the case study, the article discusses the prospects for democratic deliberation about evaluation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic brain injury is a common ED presentation. CT-head utilisation is escalating, exacerbating resource pressure in the ED. The biomarker S100B could assist clinicians with CT-head decisions by excluding intracranial pathology. Diagnostic performance of S100B was assessed in patients meeting National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence Head Injury Guideline (NICE HIG) criteria for CT-head within 6 and 24 hours of injury.Methods: This multicentre prospective observational study included adult patients presenting to the ED with head injuries between May 2020 and June 2021. Informed consent was obtained from patients meeting NICE HIG CT-head criteria. A venous blood sample was collected and serum was tested for S100B using a Cobas Elecsys-S100 module; >0.1 µg/mL was the threshold used to indicate a positive test. Intracranial pathology reported on CT-head scan by the duty radiologist was used as the reference standard to review diagnostic performance.Results: This study included 265 patients of whom 35 (13.2%) had positive CT-head findings. Within 6 hours of injury, sensitivity of S100B was 93.8% (95% CI 69.8% to 99.8%) and specificity was 30.8% (22.6% to 40.0%). Negative predictive value (NPV) was 97.3% (95% CI 84.2% to 99.6%) and area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.85; p=0.003). Within 24 hours of injury, sensitivity was 82.9% (95% CI 66.4% to 93.44%) and specificity was 43.0% (95% CI 36.6% to 49.7%). NPV was 94.29% (95% CI 88.7% to 97.2%) and AUC was 0.65 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.74; p=0.046). Theoretically, use of S100B as a rule-out test would have reduced CT-head scans by 27.1% (95% CI 18.9% to 36.8%) within 6 hours and 37.4% (95% CI 32.0% to 47.2%) within 24 hours. The risk of missing a significant injury with this approach would have been 0.75% (95% CI 0.0% to 2.2%) within 6 hours and 2.3% (95% CI 0.5% to 4.1%) within 24 hours.Conclusion: Within 6 hours of injury, S100B performed well as a diagnostic test to exclude significant intracranial pathology in low-risk patients presenting with head injury. In theory, if used in addition to NICE HIGs, CT-head rates could reduce by one-quarter with a potential miss rate of <1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation policies, which are becoming increasingly important for philanthropic foundations, communicate internally and externally about how evaluations are planned, designed, and managed. An evaluation policy also prescribes how the use of evaluation systematically reflects the mission and role of a foundation. This article describes how an evaluation policy was developed at a Danish grantmaker committed to supporting innovative methods in human services, and answers two questions: What might an evaluation of an evaluation policy look like in practice? How did the foundation react to the evaluation and its recommendations? The process inspired reflections on strategy and identity within the foundation and initiated rethinking of the complex relations between evaluation policy and practice and of the foundation’s relations to grantees and recipients of services. This article shows how a systematic revision of a foundation´s evaluation policy can be organized and how it can contribute to change, but also how it can lead to deeper reflections about dilemmas involving values, strategy, and foundation–grantee relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blood-feeding insects are important vectors for an array of zoonotic pathogens. While previous efforts toward generating molecular resources have largely focused on major vectors of global medical and veterinary importance, molecular data across a large number of hematophagous insect taxa remain limited. Advancements in long-read sequencing technologies and associated bioinformatic pipelines provide new opportunities for targeted sequencing of insect mitochondrial (mt) genomes. For engorged hematophagous insects, such technologies can be leveraged for both insect mitogenome genome assembly and identification of vertebrate blood-meal sources. Methods: We used nanopore adaptive sampling (NAS) to sequence genomic DNA from four species of field-collected, blood-engorged mosquitoes (Aedes and Culex spp.) and one deer fly (Chrysops sp.). NAS was used for bioinformatical enrichment of mtDNA reads of hematophagous insects and potential vertebrate blood-meal hosts using publically available mt genomes as references. We also performed an experimental control to compare results of traditional non-NAS nanopore sequencing to the mt genome enrichment by the NAS method. Results: Complete mitogenomes were assembled and annotated for all five species sequenced with NAS: Aedes trivittatus, Aedes vexans, Culex restuans, Culex territans and the deer fly, Chrysops niger. In comparison to data generated during our non-NAS control experiment, NAS yielded a substantially higher proportion of reference-mapped mtDNA reads, greatly streamlining downstream mitogenome assembly and annotation. The NAS-assembled mitogenomes ranged in length from 15,582 to 16,045 bp, contained between 78.1% and 79.0% A + T content and shared the anticipated arrangement of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs. Maximum likelihood phylogenies were generated to further characterize each insect species. Additionally, vertebrate blood-meal analysis was successful in three samples sequenced, with mtDNA-based phylogenetic analyses revealing that blood-meal sources for Chrysops niger, Culex restuans and Aedes trivittatus were human, house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings show that NAS has dual utility to simultaneously molecularly identify hematophagous insects and their blood-meal hosts. Moreover, our data indicate NAS can facilitate a wide array of mitogenomic systematic studies through novel 'phylogenetic capture' methods. We conclude that the NAS approach has great potential for broadly improving genomic resources used to identify blood-feeding insects, answer phylogenetic questions and elucidate complex pathways for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]