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App-based mobility (ABM) is an umbrella term for several transport services enabled through a smartphone application. Ride-hailing is the most popular ABM service, and even more than a decade after its introduction, it continues to raise concerns about its impacts on urban mobility. Previous ride-hailing research has primarily focused on understanding such impacts. However, how ride-hailing affects accessibility and social exclusion remains an understudied topic. Prior research highlights this knowledge gap and proposes a framework linking ABM with transport poverty, (in)accessibility and the resulting transport-related social exclusion (TRSE). Yet, empirical evidence is lacking to test such a framework. This paper addresses this gap by providing empirical evidence on how ABM affects accessibility using survey data collected for three large metropolitan areas in Latin America. We follow three related lines of analysis. First, we compare ride-hailing to other transport modes based on the most regular trips reported in the survey. Second, we calculate novel social and transport (dis)advantage indices to extend the comparison of transport modes. Third, we shed light on why respondents have used ride-hailing services in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deconstructs everyday mobility practices from a perspective of accessibility and social and transport (dis)advantage in two capital port cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) – Freetown, Sierra Leone and Maputo, Mozambique. The paper proposes a novel framework that interprets social and transport (dis)advantage conditions as critical drivers of mobility behaviours and the resulting (in)accessibility that circumscribes individuals’ experience. Building on its framework, the paper raises unique empirical qualitative evidence from eight neighbourhoods about mobility practices across populations facing different degrees of social and transport (dis)advantage. The study’s design is grounded in the in-depth understanding of accessibility using qualitative methods as a counterpoint to predominant quantitative and spatial approaches, filling critical data gaps in cities in SSA. The findings reveal a deep-seated aspiration for car ownership, tempered by the urgency of other immediate material needs, as well as the dynamic nature of travel behaviour due to changing conditions during the day and throughout the year. The findings also indicate informality plays a significant role in enabling access to critical opportunities and the need to strengthen trust in popular transport systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document focuses on urban dispersion and accessibility in the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico and its influence on the university student population. This is achieved through the analysis of three groups of data: mobility surveys of the student community, school performance monitoring data provided by the University, and data from Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) on the location of main transportation in the city. The research provides results on the geographical dispersion of students, their dependence on the public transportation system, and how this situation is related to accessibility and academic performance, particularly in the case of students with greater lag. Finally, the importance of implementing these studies in businesses and schools that will contribute to the development of transportation and urban planning policies that reduce social disparities and improve mobility in the urban environment is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of technology enables new resources for education. The convergence of accessibility, usability, serious games (SG) and user-centered design (UCD) enables the development of inclusive resources to respond to the needs of people with disabilities. This work aims to analyze and synthesize the developments of digital educational games, focusing on the technical aspects that facilitate their implementation in the classroom. The criteria and recommendations of the PRISMA protocol (2020) were applied to carry out the search. Keywords were used to explore the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and 21 journals, covering the period between 2018 and 2023. In the initial investigation, 799 articles were identified, and after applying the purification process 24 publications were analyzed. The results indicate a growing and continuous interest in the topic. Current trends in the design and use of accessible video games for people with intellectual disabilities were identified, as well as their impact on learning and educational inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transport matters for health and education outcomes, by ensuring physical access to crucial facilities. Using spatial modelling techniques and routable public transport service data, this study assesses the effectiveness of mostly semi fixed-route public transport systems in connecting people to advanced healthcare and education facilities in African cities. Uncovering significant pockets of ‘accessibility poverty’ – travel times above an acceptable level – it underscores the inequality in access within the cities, disproportionately affecting poor populations. Proximity of public transport to homes matters but has limited impact, due to how the routes, operated mainly by informal service providers, are allocated across the urban space and the low technical performance. The low ‘value added’ of public transport compared to walking helps explain the prevalence of foot travel. Tailored policy interventions – improving the public transport systems and, equally importantly, ensuring more equitable spatial distribution of advanced healthcare facilities – emerge as crucial strategies for addressing accessibility poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing proximity between protected areas (PAs) and urban areas, which can lead to urban protected areas (UPAs), is now commonplace. Use of Euclidean distance to measure the distance between PAs and cities has not correctly portrayed the spatial relationship between PAs and cities. We devised an isochronous circle model to accurately measure the distance between 2706 national PAs in 5 categories and 2844 cities in China based on human accessibility to identify urban human activity‐influenced protected areas (UHAIPAs) and to quantitatively analyze their distribution patterns and relationships with China's economy, population distribution patterns, and urban development indicators. Most of the PAs in China were established near cities. Of 2746 PAs in China, 18.35% (n = 504) became UPAs, and 58.27% (n = 1600), 16.72% (n = 459), and 3.31% (n = 91) of PAs were within 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 min, respectively. Both UPAs and UHAIPAs in China in general exhibited obvious spatial aggregation characteristics (e.g., wetland parks and scenic areas), and there was a significant spatial dependence effect among characteristics. The degree of spatial distribution and aggregation of UPAs was correlated with 16 indicators across urban economic development, urban natural substrate, and urban policy support factors. Based on the results of our study, we call for various governments and scholars to focus on areas where wetland parks and PAs overlap with urban boundaries. It is important to emphasize the potential link between the development of agriculture, forestry, livestock and fisheries industries, and UPAs. Overall, we believe that examining the accessibility of PAs can more accurately measure the distance between PAs and cities, and more realistically reflect the possible impacts of urban human activities on PAs, which is helpful for strengthening the conservation and management of PAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with disabilities face daily barriers arising from the physical, material, or social environment in which they live. In order to make such an environment fully inclusive, accessibility must be guaranteed, the necessary adaptations must be made, and the abilities of each individual must be recognised. This article shows the results of a research carried out with the aim of checking whether libraries are responding to the needs of users with disabilities. It analyses the scientific production in this field over the last fifty years related to accessibility and inclusion initiatives aimed at guaranteeing access to information for people with disabilities according to the type of disability. This analysis is based on a systematic review of the use of the concepts of "accessibility" and "inclusion" related to "library" in the scientific production in the field of Library and Information Science in the databases of Web of Science, Scopus and Library Science Database, aiming to study the attention paid to people with disabilities and, in particular, to people with hearing disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a detailed analysis of the Spanish context in relation to the independent living of people with disabilities. It emphasises the importance of accessibility, deinstitutionalisation, and personal assistance as key factors. Four years after Spain’s review by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, a thorough examination of the policies and laws implemented by the Spanish government is conducted from a human rights perspective. The article updates and delves into the debates on achieving independent and autonomous living for people with disabilities in Spain, offering a comprehensive view of the legal and political environment that facilitates this essential transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intersectional feminist translation provides visibility to the historically hidden or marginalized characters and narratives. This article interrogates the strategies we can apply to translate images into words, that is, to audio describe non-normative identities while adhering to the particularities of audiovisual productions. It poses the question of how to provide a feminist audio description that aligns with the creators' intent. The objective of this study is to analyse the strategies applied to create a gender-conscious AD of a documentary on lesbophobia where ten women share their experiences as non-normative persons. They are defined by a series of intrinsic features such as race, gender expression or age and present a myriad of differences that have irremediably influenced their experience of lesbophobia and how society reads and identifies them. The visual contents in this documentary provide essential information that complements the understanding of the problem by people with visual impairment. This action research study analyses the challenges emerged during the AD production. It aims to emphasize the mediating power of AD professionals and how they influence the understanding of blind audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban locations with high centrality are associated with locational advantages, making them more desirable and expensive. There is not a consensus yet on how centrality affects real estate prices for different markets and income groups. In Brazil, this theme is relatively unexplored. This article uses an approach based on urban spatial networks, going beyond simple centrality descriptions considering the distance to the Central Business District (CBD). The objective is to analyse how apartment prices relate to two location attributes: accessibility (relative distance) and centrality (relative importance). Weighted network models are applied at two scales: city-wide and neighbourhoods. The database includes a sample of 400 offers for the sale of used apartments in 2022 and 2023 in Porto Alegre, analysed collectively and segmented into three price classes. Configurational indicators were calculated using the Graph Analysis Urban Networks (GAUS) plugin. Both configurational measures and prices were normalized using the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique and correlated in a GIS environment. Results indicate that the most accessible areas of Porto Alegre have higher unit price (per square meter) apartments. Conversely, areas with higher centrality have cheaper properties, likely due to the availability of services and transportation. The more expensive apartments tend to avoid locations with higher centrality values, both globally and at the neighbourhood level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basic Health Units lack infrastructure to guarantee accessibility for people with disabilities, as they often present inadequacies on public roads and lack of access to the entrance to the facilities. Buildings lacking accessibility create significant obstacles to the health of people with disabilities, providing distance between the individual in need of care and the health unit. Therefore, many challenges are faced by this public, and therefore, the objective is to: Know and characterize the faces and interfaces of accessibility for people with disabilities. Given the knowledge explored, it is known that the National Policy for People with Disabilities is a source of technical and scientific knowledge for those who use it, including health professionals, family members, and people with disabilities. Knowing that access to the Unified Health System (SUS) is the main gateway for these patients, this article is of great importance, as it allows reflection on the topic in question and generates new possibilities for discussion. Including people with disabilities in the decision-making process about their own care is crucial. This means respecting their autonomy, listening to their needs, and ensuring they have understandable information to make informed decisions about their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do people make decisions on where, when, and how to commute? And how did the pandemic crisis affect their commuting patterns? Based on exploratory interviews in Lima and family chronicles collected in Bogotá during 2020; and a second round of interviews in six low-income areas in the peripheries of these two cities during 2021, this article offers a panoramic view of the changes experienced in low-income neighbourhoods and their families during these recent years of pandemic. These changes bring to light the role of intra-household arrangements regarding mobility and accessibility. We suggest that mobility and accessibility can better be understood on a more systemic level (influenced by intra-household arrangements), as a collective phenomenon (based on the household’s resources and the household’s needs), and even as a collective decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to overcome geographical distance is necessary to participate in social inclusion activities, such as employment. This paper seeks to describe the accessibility of job opportunities outside Uruguay’s capital city metropolitan area. This analysis entails empirically assessing intercity accessibility because workers in small cities frequently have to commute outside their cities of residence. This research reveals different regional accessibility profiles and allows us to identify vulnerable regions based on lack of accessibility to job opportunities. For the most vulnerable regions, travel by public transport would afford access to a number of job opportunities that, after considering the number of job seekers, would provide a level of employment well below the national rate. The findings suggest that policies to improve accessibility should not be homogeneous and must consider regional disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian cities are typically unequal and car dominated, where poorer communities mainly rely on public transport, walking and cycling. Yet, understanding the experience of using these modes within specific contexts remains limited. In this paper, we illustrate how the ‘New Mobilities Paradigm’ can contribute to the ‘Accessibility Turn’ in urban research. Focusing on the low-income ‘Cruzeiro-Tronco’ neighbourhood in Porto Alegre, Brazil, we incorporate considerations of equity and social inclusion by applying Jensen’s ‘Staging Mobilities’ framework to examine how mobility is ‘staged from above’ by institutions and ‘staged from below’ by residents. We used biographical interviews and mobile methods to provide in-depth accounts of the lived experience of walking and cycling, showing how residents navigate the spaces and negotiate their mobility strategies in places deemed accessible by conventional ‘objective’ metrics. By applying Jensen’s framework as part of a mixed-methods research approach, we provide a more informative and context-specific account of the accessibility landscape, constructing knowledge with participants about the meanings of accessibility to support more inclusive policies and designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tierra de Campos, area located in the northwest part of the province of Valladolid, has an unknown heritage wealth located in many cases, in small towns near the capital of the province. The objective of this research is to analyze the communication and accessibility of museums of great tourist interest that, located in five small towns with less than 1000 inhabitants, do not manage to have a recognized place among the rest. Thanks to the visit and contact with several Mayors and City Council Secretaries of the towns under study, a descriptive and analytical study was obtained of the context of its accessibility for tourists and of the communicative signage in which several institutional agents intervene. The results do not leave anyone indifferent, as they confirm that there is a clear lack of coordination between managers and public institutions that work together in the communication and location of these museums of great heritage value in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating accessibility in software development brings significant benefits such as the inclusion of people with disabilities. Recognizing the diversity of users with different requirements and needs within software development facilitates its use by the greatest number of users regardless of their individual conditions. The objective of this research is to obtain a knowledge base to identify those practices for which there is evidence of their use in the development of accessible software. A Systematic Literature Mapping (SLM) focused on identifying practices that incorporate accessibility activities in the software life cycle was conducted, resulting in 29 studies that met the selection criteria. The results show that the phase with more evidence of incorporation of accessibility activities in software development is the testing phase, when testers are used to verify accessibility within web pages, followed by the construction phase, when methodologies that include accessibility within the software development process are used; in the design phase it is common to incorporate artifacts that guide the development of accessible software and, finally, in the requirements phase it is common to use the requirements description to obtain and document accessibility requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the development of this investigative work, the importance of the return of the value added tax is reflected in the economy of the elderly of the Noboa parish, 24 de Mayo, where these people do not have defined knowledge about the return of the Tax Added Value (VAT). That is why the general objective was defined, which is to analyze the return of the VAT and its importance in the economy of the elderly of the Noboa parish, taking into consideration the existing lack of knowledge on the part of the adults greater. A mixed methodology was used, field, bibliographic and descriptive research; In the same way, bibliographic, deductive, inductive and statistical methods were implemented, to obtain relevant information, a survey technique was developed where non-probabilistic sampling was chosen, and the sample of 30 older adults was selected to apply said technique. The results indicate that the older adults surveyed are unaware of the VAT refund and that, furthermore, they have not received talks on this topic, concluding that these people need training so that they can enjoy this benefit and have a stable life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The access of rural societies to welfare opportunities and resources is at the core of policy and research agendas. The persistent ruralurban gap increases the risks of exclusion and is a challenge that rural dwellers tackle by bolstering their mobility to access labour markets, resources and services. The car has become a vector in the connections and transformations that sustain rural life; however, this mobility is also a source of new fractures in social and territorial cohesion. This paper explores how the rural mobility system has been shaped and analyses its impact on these societies. The results suggest integrating the issue of mobility into rural policies from a more complex sociological perspective, addressing demographic challenges, regional development and territorial cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the decades of 1960 and 1990, the family dairy farming activity, a fundamental link in the dairy circuit located in the dairy basin in Buenos Aires province, experienced significant transformations. These were driven by the demands of pasteurization, the mechanization of tasks, the railways decline, the automobile transportation growth, the lower labour demand, changes in dairy demand and the expansion of large diversified plants. Within a context of process of productive change, which role did mobility, in terms of infrastructure and practices, play? How did mobility restrict family dairy production? How did (in)accessibility influence? In order to answer these questions that have not deserved enough historiographical attention, this research describes the daily life of dairy farming families in the General Paz district, with the focus placed on mobility practices and the accessibility problems that made their social reproduction difficult in the mentioned period. To do this, a socio-territorial approach will be used and multiple sources will be compiled and analyzed, such as the press, legislation, statistics, maps and interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility-related social inequalities are receiving increasing attention from planning research and practice. Nevertheless, research seems to have a limited impact on urban policies addressing mobility. Using Santiago de Chile as a case study, the paper discusses the existing gaps between research on mobility-related equity concerns and existing policies and plans addressing urban mobility operating at national, metropolitan and municipal scales. An equity-based comparison is performed for different spatial planning instruments, exploring guiding concepts and deriving proposals through content analysis. The findings show that there is a comprehensive and multidisciplinary body of literature in Santiago on mobility and equity, approaching several dimensions of mobility, accessibility and social exclusion in relation to different population groups. However, the series of discourses, norms and actions (policies and programmes) operating at different planning scales lack coherence and address only some of the dimensions identified in the literature. Current plans and policies in Santiago have a limited scope and are difficult to modify, questioning their effectiveness for understanding and tackling mobility-related equity concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a case study of a kerb – the social stone – found at a tram traffic Island, the text demonstrates the re/production of the ableist city and analyses processes of transforming such a city into an accessible space for people with disabilities. The authors apply actor-network theory to analyse the mutual construction of space and bodies. To understand this construction, the concept of topology is used, which the article develops by introducing 'ableist' and 'accessible' topology. Unlike topography, which is in concord with able-bodied people, topology is more suitable for the analysis of space when also including non-standard bodies. Moreover, it allows the authors to analyse the mechanisms that reproduce and control the currently inaccessible city on the one hand, and it provide some room for change on the other. However, to make this change happen, a specific network must be established. To trace the associations that create such a network, the study uses in-depth interviews with involved actors collected over a ten-year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper has as a theoretical framework the diversity management and cultural competence. It aims to identify ways of managing diversity in a public library in the interior of the state of São Paulo, establishing a theoretical reflection between this management and the development of cultural competence in the organization. The relations between the purposes of organizational planning and the actions developed by the library team, was evaluated. The importance of information and communication to promote diversity was identified, and the perception of conflicts in the library was also evaluated. Cultural diversity and cultural competence were considered in the organizational processes. The Case Study research method was applied. The findings consist of the following: the library has a management approach aligned with the goal of being a cultural reference locally for the various cultures, experiences, and subjectivities; library staff itself indicates the library's diversity perception and the importance of representativeness for the development and execution of intercultural projects; the information and communication between the library and the public assist with the commitment of diversity; the library aims to promote activities that help different social groups. The survey concluded that the development of competences at the individual and organizational levels is the solution to achieve coexistence and integration of multicultural groups. Thus, cultural competence demands actions that involve efficient information and communication flows between groups of distinct individuals; this can enhance the diversity management in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we aim to determine the topics and languages of information materials for foreign patients in Spain that are currently available in open access as well as to compile good practices in this regard. In addition, we aim to develop a multilingual corpus of health information texts useful for translators and interpreters in public services. The results show a general inclusive trend and there are several examples of good practices regarding the variety of health topics approached and languages in which the translated materials are available online. They also show the important work done especially by associations and foundations. However, there are very few texts with information on how the Spanish health system works and especially on the patients' rights and obligations. Moreover, the inclusion of more topics would also be helpful. Furthermore, the level of representation of the different languages is still unequal within the same autonomous community and between the different autonomous communities. The same applies regarding the topics approached and the number of translated texts that should be available. Our article proposes a basic work plan, a list of materials to be translated in the Madrid region, and a corpus of texts that can be manipulated for thematic research and to generate terminological materials for translators and interpreters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architectural and urban legacies, particularly with cultural functions, need to be enjoyed in a democratic, participatory and inclusive manner. In this sense, a proposal is presented aimed at improving the accessibility conditions to this type of goods, focusing on people with visual disabilities. From a theoreticalpractical perspective and with the contribution of new technologies, work was done at the Victoria Ocampo Cultural Center in the city of Mar del Plata, Argentina. This Center was of interest due to its heritage values and its lack of accessibility. Therefore, the treatment of an audio guide system was undertaken through a primarily qualitative, multidisciplinary and participatory research conception, within the framework of a larger project. In this way, methodologies and dynamic operationalizations were generated as contributions to the formulated problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public libraries are community spaces dedicated to promoting equal opportunities and providing access to culture and knowledge. To fulfill this mission effectively and efficiently, this volume presents nine papers that offer guidelines for public library management. These papers not only review international standards and indicators (such as IFLA/Unesco and ISO), but also analyze the structure of the national library services system. Additionally, they provide guidelines in various areas, including user relationships, personnel organization, information resource arrangement, infrastructure planning, strategic plan design, and cooperation networks with governmental and non-governmental organizations. These nine compiled works present a concept that allows for the design of accessible and inclusive libraries, without any distinction among the population, in the face of today's challenges characterized by multiculturalism and digitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential land price is a critical component of housing prices and affordability, and existing studies of its influencing factors emphasize location and accessibility. This study analyzes the effects of neighborhood land use, especially employment and services, on residential land prices in Nanjing, a subcenter in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. We find that residential land prices are positively associated with producer services, as well as public and commercial services, and negatively associated with manufacturing. Further analysis reveals the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of manufacturing on residential land prices, which become positive in suburban regions. The effects of neighborhood land use on residential land prices are sensitive to the distance to the central business district. The geographically and temporally weighted regression model uncovers the temporal heterogeneity that the positive impacts of public and commercial services on residential land prices have been decreasing while the producer service is playing a more significant role. The results of this study contribute to the literature by shedding light on the impact of neighborhood land use on residential land prices based on spatial-temporal dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessibility is crucial to establishing and maintaining a nutritious and healthy diet. Although much of the literature on access to healthy food has focused on study areas in the Global North, the topic is of growing relevance to other regions across the globe. In Chile, where the prevalence of chronic diseases related to obesity and diet has increased, and over 50 percent of Chileans are considered overweight or obese, improving accessibility to healthy food has been an essential strategy for improving health outcomes, including the food environment. In this article, we analyze walking accessibility from homes and workplaces to open street markets and supermarkets that sell fresh fruits and vegetables and consider the role of price in the Concepción metropolitan area, the second most populated city in Chile. Results suggest that supermarkets and open street markets are distributed in a complementary way. Open street markets have a crucial role in facilitating access to more affordable products for peripheral and low-income areas. Findings also show workplaces increase accessibility in a way that is complementary to residential location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout these forty years of uninterrupted democracy in Argentina, tourism has been progressively incorporated into the public agenda and into government agendas of various scales. How is tourism included in these complex and dynamic agendas? In what terms is it configured as a public issue? In order to answer these questions, some elements make it possible to reconstruct a genealogy--neither exhaustive nor definitive, but academically and socially relevant--about the incorporation of tourism in the agendas of democracy: the public policy approach, the gender perspective and the commitment to accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses and compares the areas of accessibility that can be generated around the stations that make up the Andalusian railway network by private car. To this end, the three groups in which the same station can be included have been established, consisting of those providing high-speed, medium-distance and local services. The calculations of these areas have been obtained using a GIS, with spatial information from the Institute of Statistics and Cartography of Andalusia (IECA), revised and updated to correct any discrepancies that may exist in the information, mainly of the railway network, roads and population centres. Data from Renfe has also been used to determine the services provided by the different stations. The results show that currently the stations that provide medium-distance services have more people within their areas of accessibility, as they are the most numerous. On the other hand, those that provide access to High-Speed services reach fewer inhabitants, although, in terms of number of stops, they serve more people. Finally, those that make up the three Cercanias hubs are characterised by being in highly populated areas, being the second type of service with the largest number of inhabitants in their areas of accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an extension action involving the topic of pesticides. This theme has been extensively developed, both in teaching and extension activities. However, the differential of the action reported here is that it was all planned to be accessible to the deaf and blind communities, working in a dialogic and critical way (according to Paulo Freire) the Brazilian agricultural development model, especially the intensive use of pesticides. From the documentary “Nuvens de Veneno”, accessible materials were created: Libras window in the documentary; chemical structures of the active ingredients printed in 3D and in high relief with inscriptions in Braille and audio-described; and a printed and audio-described leaflet, contextualizing the problems caused to the environment, human and animal health. All this material was used during the activity at the National Science and Technology Week. The action was carried out both in a booth during the event, at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and in the territory of a state school, during classes of chemistry of six high school classes. During the two days of exhibition at the stand, the activity generated interest from a wide range of audiences, from elementary school children, teachers - who took their classes - as well as a group of deaf students. In the school's territory, the activity moved the classes in a strong way, working on the chemistry of pesticides, social and environmental concerns, including refugee students, with intellectual disabilities, autism and cognitive and intellectual disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance education has evolved significantly since its inception, driven by advances in information technology (IT). This article explores in detail the historical evolution of technologies used in distance education, from traditional methods to current innovations. It discusses changes from the use of postal mail and printed materials to the advent of e-learning platforms, and looks at the impact of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). The article also examines how these technologies have transformed accessibility and educational quality. Case studies from different countries, such as Colombia, Brazil, and the United States, are included to illustrate how these innovations have been implemented and adapted in various contexts. Through these examples, the influence of IT in improving distance education is highlighted and future projections are discussed, including the potential of hybrid education and the integration of new emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of film audio-description for visually impaired people there have been numerous studies addressing different aspects. The rise of this practice is attributed to an increased awareness of inclusion and the creation of laws requiring accessible media content, based on the premise that inclusion and accessibility must go hand in hand. In this article, we present the process and results of the audio description of the first episode of the series Trigonometry (BBC, 2020), as a mock professional commission for broadcast in a non-disability specific context. The choice of this series is based on its novel subject matter, polyamorous relationships and the challenge of audio-describing the attraction between three people through their ways of looking. Recognising the importance of inclusion both in the result and in the process, a visually impaired person was joined to the team of audio-describers, who were two normal sighted people, and whose contributions were key to the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International laws, such as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, represent a step towards equity. They also imply both an increase in national and regional legislation, as well as greater institutional complexity, in order to make these rights effective. Therefore, we want to know how the right to universal accessibility has been implemented in legislation. A content analysis of 36 regulations related to disability and dependency in Aragon was carried out. Finally, it was detected that, despite certain advances, the adaptation of the regulations has not been consolidated, affecting the recognition of the rights of people with disabilities, especially the youngest and those with severe support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this research study is to perform a comparative analysis of the growth and coverage of the urban public transport system in the city of Manizales (Colombia) between the years 2010, 2015, and 2021. Geostatistical models are applied as a methodological basis, complemented with coverage and supply change analyses. The results show an increase in travel time between 2010 and 2015, suggesting stagnation in the expansion of the transportation system. There is a significant leap in public transport coverage between 2015 and 2021, which may be explained by transport infrastructure improvements in the city. It is concluded that the dynamics of coverage and access offered by an urban public transport system may be affected by the dynamics of urban growth if substantial and relevant interventions are not made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the barriers of communication and accessibility present in the lives of deaf people in the family, school and teaching practice, considering that the subjects of the research were teachers of Basic Education and Higher Education. Articulated with Deaf Studies, the methodology used was qualitative, and a questionnaire was used for obtaining data. The subjects pointed out that barriers are perceived since the beginning of their trajectories, when the listening family does not master sign language, and occur throughout their student and professional lives. The presence or absence of sign language directly impacts both deaf children and adults, who feel the communication and accessibility barriers in different environments they participate in, when it is relegated [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research deals with the assent of migrant patients in Brazil before medical procedures, observed in the Term of Informed Consent and Federal Council of Medicine recommendation nº 1/2016. It seeks to understand the referred term and propose techniques to improve its writing, starting from the hypothesis of its misunderstanding. A qualitative and hypothetical deductive literature review was carried out. In final considerations, it was observed that there is a right to health for migrants in Brazil, but there is also a loss in their full consent during treatments due to the difficulty of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a functional-cognitive approach to syntax, I propose investigating the discursive configuration of the initiator--agent or experiencer--and its possible references in passive and impersonal constructions formed with Spanish third-person reflexive se. These constructions entail the syntactic-semantic demotion and pragmatic defocusing of this participant; however, it is usual for contextual elements to build mental spaces to condition discourse viewpoint and thus guide the interpretation of the referent. I propose two basic referential dimensions, specificity and accessibility, whose combination gives rise to four categories: specific and accessible, non-specific, and accessible, specific, and inaccessible, and non-specific and inaccessible references--the analysis, based on a corpus of digital news items and comments to them submitted by readers. Qualitative observation reveals the primary resources used for configuring each referential category in the texts and their respective pragmatic repercussions. In turn, the quantitative analysis makes it possible to verify that, while accessible initiators--either specific or non-specific--are dominant in the informative discourse of news items, the great majority of referents in comments are non-specific--either accessible or inaccessible--in line with the generalization of readers' personal experiences and opinions. I conclude that referential intentions constitute communicative style elements and are subject to sociosituational variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an educational experience at the University of Extremadura that uses active methodologies such as Service-Learning and Photovoice. The students act as evaluators of their university campus, developing curriculum-based learning and raising awareness about the importance of universal access and the elimination of barriers for the most vulnerable groups. Qualitative and quantitative instruments are used to evaluate the experience, highlighting the benefits of this type of methodology in student motivation and engagement. [Extracted from the article]

The work primarily sought to describe the process of inclusion of higher education institutions in 10 (ten) campuses across the entire national territory, taking as reference the dimensions established in the strategic planning, as well as ergonomic and architectural, communicational, technological, programmatic, and methodological dimensions. Through the application of an observation guide, a preliminary identification was carried out, which subsequently allowed for a deeper exploration of experiences, knowledge, and understanding of the key topic with focus groups. The work was approached from an interpretive paradigm, using the inductive method, with a descriptive, qualitative, cross-sectional approach, which allowed for presenting the conditions of the object of study based on the gathered information, taking the aforementioned dimensions as elements to be analyzed in depth. The main results can be summarized as follows: there is progress in institutional actions related to strategic projects, as well as existing manuals and protocols; it is evident that the basic elements are incorporated and, despite everything, there is a gradual internal process taking place, which can permeate and facilitate future progress, fostering concrete and sustained actions over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process described in this paper aims to improve the urban mobility analysis and planning, such as revealing levels of equity and inclusion of a part of the city and identifying deficiencies in the accessibility to urban facilities related to settings systems of land use and transport. Therefore, a Social Sustainability of Urban Mobility (ssum) approach and Open Source Geographical Information System are applied. The methodology sets two urban facilities' analyses of levels of services to different scales. First, using the Central Places theory, the Metropolitan San Salvador Area is the first scale to analyze. Secondly, it studied the accessibility condition to urban facilities in San Salvador Municipality (Capital city of El Salvador) from Optimal Location Models (olm). Those models allow spatial equity and efficiency indicators. Results are implementing the ssum approach, applying technics of multiscalar analysis, and setting a metropolitan organizational structure which categorizes municipalities by urban facilities' levels of services. In addition, the characterization of municipal accessibility with proxy indicators to vulnerable groups and identifying areas to take action to improve daily mobility have been developed. Finally, a discussion is opened to identify the following steps to improve this research and strength future planning processes in the scarcity context of the global south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with the right that citizens have to the recreation exercise in coexistence with public spaces, whether natural or created, this work exposes, within the framework of the categories of accessibility and social interaction, a group of indicators to facilitate the measurement, with greater precision and homogeneity, of the performance of the function for which said sites were created. For the determination of the variables and the calculation factors of the indicators, interpretative and coding procedures were used that allowed the construction of a resource that is effective for diagnosing the diversity of recreation scenarios in the environment of the cities. The category of controlled accesses and walkways, which includes three indicators, and the category of amenities and attractions, which includes two more, are disaggregated. The proposal is complemented with two additional factors that respond to the status that the infrastructure must present for surveillance and to have the information of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the diffculties encountered by journalists in applying media accessibility requirements on the Internet. For its development, 24 journalists who produce digital content and four computer professionals from cybermedia and organizations in charge of developing media technologies were interviewed. The analysis of the results shows that the absence of accessibility knowledge, together with the lack of help that content management systems (CMS) provide to incorporate the established accessibility requirements, are the main causes of the presence of barriers in the digital media for people with disabilities and the elderly. According to the study's participants, the accessibility criteria least frequently used by journalists are textual alternatives to semantic use of color for people who cannot see colors, subtitling of audiovisual content for deaf people, and audio description for blind people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the normative scenario and the increase in the number of people with disabilities accessing the university, it is necessary to reflect on opportunities for improvement, aiming at making decisions that qualify participation and learning. Thus, the Index of Inclusion in Higher Education - INES in the Portuguese acronym - was applied to 37 students with disabilities and/or special educational needs from UFSM, whose answers were collected from the Lickert Scale, analyzed descriptively, building the semaphores matrix. It was revealed as strong points: the existence of policies that minimize the barriers for learning and participation of students, programs that value the well-being of academics, facilities and infrastructure consistent with inclusive education; and as points for improvement: processes of identification and characterization of students with disabilities, greater incentive to faculty and student mobility in national and international levels. The application of the Index allowed the perception of the actions that this University develops, its strengths, and the identification of situations for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to describe the evolution of disability in cinema via its relationship with the specialized press. We analysed all movies’ data sheets from ‘Filmaffinity’ (n=1,180), together with all the professional reviews highlighted in them (n=2,000). The results show a preponderance of drama over other genres, although it is documentaries that obtain the best reception from cultural press. Women and Anglophone media tend to value these productions more favourably. In addition, the quality of the records, according to these experts, increases year after year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key factors that contribute to improving the positioning of corporate web portals is accessibility, considering the large number of users and the volume of content available on the Web. Accessibility enables search engines to give priority to those portals that have incorporated these features. The objective of this article is to propose a set of accessibility recommendations to improve the positioning of corporate web portals, which were determined based on the guidelines and levels of conformity of the Colombian accessibility standard NTC 5854. For the methodological development of this research, the four phases of the iterative research pattern proposed by Pratt were considered: observing, identifying, developing and testing. These made it possible to define the recommendations and verify their relevance in accessibility inspections. As a main result, a set of recommendations was obtained for the accessible design of web portals, which were focused on improving the these sites' positioning and grouped according to the four principles of the NTC 5854 standard. In addition, an automated tool was developed which allows conducting accessibility inspections of web portals using the defined recommendations. In conclusion, the inspection carried out on the JanuswWeb portal with the developed tool made it possible to verify the relevance of the recommendations, in order to enable a greater number of users to access, perceive, operate, and understand the content of the Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]