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Money: It is a means of exchanging and accumulating goods and services and determining their value. From past to present, commodities such as wheat, dates, hides, spears, and axes; metals such as iron, copper, gold and silver, negotiable instruments such as suftece, papers such as banknotes, and digital assets have been used as money. While these money kinds used throughout history are generally classified as commodity money, metallic money, receipt money and fiat money in the economic literature, they are classified as hilqaten/created money and ıstılahî/terminologically money in fiqh literature. Hilqaten money are currency that have a dual nature as both goods and money, as they derive their value from their own intrinsic value. Those minted from gold were used in circulation as dinars, those minted from silver as dirhams, and those with a low contribution of other metals in these coins were used in circulation as magşuş (mağlûbu'l-gış) money. Istılahî money is money that has become a measure of value when people say, "This is money" and derives its real value from an external value, not from its own intrinsic value. Those minted from metals other than gold and silver were used in circulation under the names of fülûs and those with a more contribution of other metals in these coins were used in circulation as magşuş (ğâlibu'l-gış) and settûka. Paper money, which became widespread in the 19th century, was built within a system by the economically and politically powerful states of the period, and the way in which paper money would be put into circulation was determined by international principles. In this context, from the beginning, the world paper money system generally went through four phases and took its current form. These are respectively; pre-1875 bimetallism gold and silver standard; monometallism only gold standard from 1875-1944; between 1944 and 1973 it was the gold exchange standard and after 1973 it was only the paper money standard. Before 1875, paper money in bimetallism standard system, that is, banknotes, was put into circulation as representative money in exchange for gold and silver. In the monometallism standard between 1875 and 1944, banknotes were put into circulation as representative money only in exchange for gold. In the gold exchange standard between 1944 and 1973, known as the Bretton Woods system, paper money was put into circulation in exchange for the dollar, which derived its value from gold. Thus, banknotes were traded in the markets as representative money, taking their value directly from dollars and indirectly from gold. In the current paper money standard, which is called the flexible exchange rate system after 1973, paper money is used in circulation as fiat money, deriving its value from its purchasing power only to the extent of the power of the authority that puts it into circulation. In this context quality of being measure of value, structure and kind of banknotes which emerged and spread more recently than others are explicit at many points in the economic literature, they are controversial in Islamic law. In this article, it is examined whether banknotes qualify as money according to Islamic law and, if so, what type and structure of money they are. In this context, the history, theory, and types of money have been analyzed in the economics and Fiqh literature and banknotes was substantiated in Islamic law with consideration the international monetary system. As a result, banknotes are ıstılahî a measure of value, should be subject to ijtihad according to the way it is put into circulation and it has been determined that it is a separate money as paper money, unlike dinar, dirham, fulūs etc. In this respect, paper money, which was put into circulation as receipt money directly or indirectly in exchange for gold, silver or both before 1973, should be evaluated as ıstılahî money in terms of value measure but is hilqaten money in terms of provision; after 1973, namely today, paper money that is put into circulation as fiat money in a way that derives its value from the power of the authority that puts it into circulation should be evaluated as ıstılahî money in terms of both value measure and provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding and interpretation of ḥadīths has become important with social change. One of the main factors affecting social change is economics. The interaction between religion and economics has been an important factor in the interpretation of religious texts in every period. In this article, the interpretation of ḥadīths on zakāt in the context of changing economic factors is discussed in the Tadjrīd-i Sarīh Translation and Commentary. This work was translated and commented by Ahmed Naim and Kāmil Miras, who witnessed the changes that occurred during the transition from the Ottoman to the Republican Period. Kāmil Miras analyzed the ḥadīths on zakāt in the context of changing economic factors and discussed the dīnār and dirham made of gold and silver, which were used as measures for zakāt. He analyzed the changes that the dīnār and dirham had undergone in the historical process and included the jurisprudential debates about the adulterated dīnār and dirham. Then, he evaluated the effects of the change in economic life on the zakāt of the newly issued fulus and paper money, the niṣāb and the measure of wealth. In this context, he defended the necessity of using custom and tradition as a method in solving the problems that arise in this framework and presented his analysis in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper is a basic material derived from organic carbon used for writing and storing information. Books, letters, maps, and official documents are written on paper and enable the transfer of information from generation to generation. Archives and libraries provide an excellent food source for many microorganisms with their organic carbon sources and as a result, they cause biodeterioration. The rate of biodeterioration, on the other hand, depends not only on the composite properties of archival materials, but also on the environment in which they are foun In this study, which was carried out to contribute to active conservation practices, microbial samples were taken from the Department of Culture and Registration. These microbial samples belong to two works with archive numbers 756 and 759, located in the archive room of the Safranbolu collection in the central library within the Foundation Records Directorate. As a biocidal product, the active ingredients were 20% chlorhexidine digluconate, 15% polyhexanide, 3.9% lactic acid, 4.5% acetic acid and 70% ethyl alcohol, respectively. The effects of biocidal products on microorganisms were investigated by the disc diffusion method. Evaluation of the effectiveness on paper, which is important for conservation, was carried out with short and long-term aging tests, colour spectroscopy and SEM fibre degradation analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer of the designs to the surface of ceramic wall tiles is performed by ink-jet digital printing technology. CMYK ink colors are used in ink-jet printing technology. The similarities between hues for various color types make it difficult to come up with different designs. In this study, the development of a wall tile matte glaze recipe with high color activity, which can be worked with CMYK+Pink ink colors. Different recipes were developed by increasing the amount of calcite, dolomite, zinc oxide and magnesite ratios, respectively. Firstly, matt glaze recipes are prepared and employed on wall tile with engobe, followed by CMYK+Pink ink digital decor application. Succeeding the sintering of tiles, L,a,b color measurements of ink decorated glaze recipes were made, and it was determined that the value of 'a' increased from 15.35 to 22.18. The hue angle and chroma values of the recipies were calculated. No significant differences were observed in the color activities of the colors other than pink, and the desired pink color intensity was achieved with one of the new wall tile matte glaze recipes. It was observed that the pink color intensity increased with the increase in the amount of CaO in the content of the matte glaze recipe. The color activity of the pink color could is not obtained in the glaze recipe where the amount of ZnO increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitated lot sizing is a frequently encountered production-planning problem in manufacturing companies. However, many real life factors are usually not taken into account during the model development phase for these problems. In this study, an integrated lot-sizing and scheduling problem of a paper bag production firm is considered. A mixed integer mathematical programming model is proposed for modeling and solving the problem. Setup cost/time between product and period changes are considered in the proposed model. It is aimed to minimize the total cost of production, holding inventory, backorder, procurement and setup for product type change and product period change. It is observed that productive utilization of manufacturing resources and the generation of more effective production plans are possible by the application of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In accordance with global migration trends, Russian geography became a source of emigration starting from the mid-19th century. On the other hand, following their independence in the early 19th century, Latin American countries became recipients of migration waves from different countries, including multinational Eurasian states such as Ottoman, Russian, and Austria-Hungarian empires. The migration wave from Russian Empire to Latin America started around the 1850s and lasted until the collapse of the empire in 1917. Argentina was the leading destination of emigration for the early migrant Russian citizens who were then officially called the “Ruso” and came from various ethnic and religious backgrounds. Within the context of this paper, which focuses on the migration and adaptation processes of Ruso immigrants in Argentina, the social, economic, cultural, and religious dimensions of their new lives are discussed. The paper concludes that early Ruso immigrants eventually constituted a labor diaspora and, despite being ethnically and religiously the most heterogeneous migrant movement from the Russian geography, Russian language, and culture continued their dominancy in the lives of at least the first immigrant generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the classical period of Arabic literature known as the Jahiliyyah era to the modern era, the portrayal of women has been a recurring element across various literary genres. Whether in poetry or prose, one of the themes frequently utilized by writers and poets is the concept of womanhood. In the ghazal genre of Jahiliyyah poetry, women typically manifested themselves within the contexts of love and admiration; whereas in modern Arabic literature, particularly in the genre of short stories, women emerge as significant elements upon which authors focus and whom they integrate as main characters in their works. Short story writers from various regions of the Arab world have penned narratives concerning women who strive to assert themselves within society, contending as liberated individuals within patriarchal structures. Unlike many Arab short story writers who predominantly engage with political and ideological subjects such as the Palestinian issue, Ulfet al-Idlibi, a prominent Syrian author renowned for her short stories, adopts a distinctive approach in her depiction and utilization of female characters. Rather than delving into politically charged narratives, al-Idlibi's stories center on the institution of family and the role of women within it within her societal context. Possessing a realist perspective, al-Idlibi draws inspiration directly from her environment and society in crafting her narratives. Consequently, themes related to women in her stories encompass the position and value of women within traditional Syrian families, the challenges encountered by women within family life, and the struggle for existence among family members amid traditional customs and contemporary trends. Her story "The Blue Curtains" (الزرق الستائر (serves as an exemplar of her stylistic approach. "The Blue Curtains" primarily narrates the plight of a family on the brink of collapse due to their inability to conceive children. The protagonist, portrayed as the narrator, finds himself torn between appeasing his mother's demands for him to divorce his current wife—who has been unable to bear children—and marry a younger woman from the neighborhood in hopes of having offspring. However, the protagonist, despite his harmonious relationship with his wife, whom he loves deeply and remains devoted to, is reluctant to divorce her. Implicit within this conventional narrative lies the juxtaposition of three distinct female characters: the mother, representing traditional culture; the neighbor girl, who prioritizes her own interests even at the expense of breaking up a family; and the protagonist's wife, portrayed as the most significant character in the story following the narrator himself. Al-Idlibi portrays the woman within the Syrian societal framework through these three typified characters, each embodying different facets of familial conflict. This paper, based on the example of the short story "The Blue Curtains", explores the position of women in Ülfet al-Idlibi's stories and their reflection in literature. It begins by providing a brief history of the short story in Arabic literature and delves into the life, works, and literary persona of Ülfet al-Idlibi. Subsequently, it examines how the author addresses and portrays female characters in her various stories through examples from different narratives. The focus then shifts to the analysis of "The Blue Curtains", exploring its plot, characters, time and space limitations, character profiles—especially those of the female characters—narrative perspective, and stylistic features such as language and tone. The paper concludes with a translation of the short story as an appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to objectively examine the criticisms feminist theologians have directed at the concept of a masculine God in Judaism and Christianity, and the consistency of these criticisms. Additionally, the antiwomen views attributed to theology in Judaism and Christianity due to patriarchal and social pressures and their consequences are investigated. By utilizing critical, interpretative, and holistic methods of analysis, we strive to create a context to explore issues such as whether the religions of Judaism and Christianity are/are not monopolized by men as feminist theologians claim, the alleged dominance of patriarchal mentality in this regard, and the language of religion has always been used by men. Furthermore, this paper examines the different teachings on gender roles, contemporary debates on gender equality in various societies, and the definitions of male and female roles developed by Judaism and Christianity. From this perspective, feminist theology emphasizes the association of religious texts with gender and advocates for women's voice in the theological discourse. Feminist theology criticizes the notion of a masculine God and male-dominated mindset with various arguments, asserting that this idea exists in Judaism and Christianity. The primary goal of feminist theology is to eliminate generalizations about women, especially in theological contexts. It also seeks to demonstrate that women, like men, have a voice in theological matters. Feminist theology is a discipline that examines and critiques gender issues within the religious domain. This discipline re-evaluates and critiques religious texts and practices that have traditionally been interpreted from a masculine perspective. Feminist theologians criticize the attribution of theological teachings, passed down through generations, to a single gender. The aim of feminist theology is to reshape religious experience and belief on the basis of gender equality and justice. It critically assesses traditionally male-dominated religious doctrines, texts, and practices, advocating for changes in current practices. Feminist theology, playing a significant role in gender issues within religion, contributes to moving towards a more just and equitable structure, supporting women's increased visibility and influence in religious fields. It provides a significant contribution to understanding the relationships between gender and religious matters more deeply and creating a more just society. This paper will address the issues tackled by feminist theology, their solutions, and the criticisms directed at the concept of a masculine God. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate over the unity or division of sciences is a significant topic in the history and philosophy of science. From ancient philosophers to today, scientists have attempted to unify, classify, or segment the sciences. Greek philosophers approached this issue through the concepts of “One” and “Many.” For instance, Parmenides focused on static substances, whereas Heraclitus emphasized becoming and flux. Empedocles pointed to the four elements, Democritus to atoms, Pythagoras to numbers, Plato to forms, and Aristotle to categories. In the Islamic world, Ibn Khaldun expanded the unity of sciences through social sciences, while Avicenna classified sciences based on practical and universal aspects. With the return to nature in the 16th century, sciences were reshaped through natural sciences. F. Bacon emphasized the importance of experiment and observation, categorizing sciences in a pyramid. Galileo proposed that nature is structured on mathematical symbols, while Descartes and Leibniz developed their scientific views based on Newtonian physics. Kant evaluated sciences not by searching behind phenomena but as a cognitive unity based on principles.In the modern era, positivism gained prominence. Since the 19th century, thinkers of the Vienna Circle advocated for the unity of sciences, reducing all epistemic activities to positive science. These thinkers envisaged scientific philosophy grounded in physical science. Reductionism was considered the most important method for achieving the unity of sciences. This paper will critique Fodor’s physicalism based on reductionism and defend Dupre’s idea of the disunity of sciences. Dupre argues that the reductionist method cannot be applied to special sciences like biology and that, although occasionally interacting, sciences should be considered independent modes of knowledge with their specific domains and methods. The paper will begin by presenting the historical development of the unity of sciences within the context of the philosophy of science, focusing on the views of the Vienna Circle philosophers. It will examine the thoughts of neo-positivist philosophers such as Carnap (1928, 1934) and Nagel (1961) on the unity of sciences, Hempel’s nomological-deductive explanation model (1965), and the claims of Oppenheim/Putnam (1958) regarding the unity of sciences. Subsequently, Fodor’s views on the unity of sciences will be evaluated, and physicalism based on reductionism will be analysed. After discussing the shortcomings and errors of this view, Dupre’s argument for the disunity of sciences will be examined, particularly highlighting the inapplicability of reductionism in special sciences like biology. Ultimately, it will be argued that, rather than achieving a unified science reduced to physical laws, the contemporary understanding of science is better served by recognizing the distinct and autonomous nature of different scientific fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has focused on whether a reading of God-human relations can be made between Plato's cave allegory and al-Māturīdī's knowledge of narrative (khabar) and its functions. In the above framework, it has been noted that there are some similarities between Plato's ideas about the visible and perceptible world and al-Māturīdī's knowledge of narrative (khabar) as a type. Again, in this study, while reading the similarities through some of the themes identified, the differences were also pointed out. In the first title of the paper, the knowledge of narrative and its functions according to al-Māturīdī have been included. The first of these functions is the overlapping the knowledge of narrative in line with reality. For the verification of the knowledge of narrative, this point is important. It has also been understood that the knowledge of narrative is related to nature (fıtrah). Again, in order to eliminate social problems that cannot be eliminated by human beings, the knowledge of narrative is an important factor. The knowledge of narrative has impacted the elimination of defects about how a person can know in all aspects what are advantages and disadvantages for him. Finally, it has made it possible to correctly construct the relations between the universe, man, and God. The second title has a discussion of Plato's allegory of the cave and its essential elements. The important point here is that education in the cave allegory is not the teaching of something new, but the remembrance of what is in the human soul and the inclination of the soul towards truth. Secondly, there has been a reference in this title to the fact that voices and shadows are deceptive in the cave which is the world. It has also been indicated that it is necessary for the moral ascent in order for one to be able to reach the perceptible world. Fourthly, it has been said that whoever connects with the perceptible world can in a way remember the salvation of others. Finally, it said that there is a relationship between education and reminder. In the third place, the similarities between the foundations in the allegory of the cave and the functions of the knowledge of narrative have been mentioned. Among these analogies, it has been pointed out that the spirit in Plato and the nature in al-Māturīdī have similar functions. Secondly, the deceptiveness of the visible world in the allegory of the cave and the deceptiveness of the world in al-Māturīdī's knowledge of narrative have been pointed out. It has been mentioned that the perceptible world in Plato and the afterlife in al-Māturīdī are essential. Both Plato and al-Māturīdī are concerned with being a moral person, which is an important point. It is significant to remind with education in Plato a person who is inclined to the good or an essential and to be subject to the knowledge of narrative in al-Māturīdī. In the fourth title, attention was drawn to the differences between the functions of the cave allegory and the knowledge of narrative. Again, it has been discussed whether or not some of the questions are answered even though some of the elements are not present in the allegory of the cave. It has also been discussed whether the knowledge of the narrative can answer these questions or not. In the conclusion, the possibility that Plato's world of thought and al-Maturīdī's world of thought, despite all their differences, may have been fed by a common ground on Godhuman relations is mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mantra of a new homeland, a new society, a new state, in which Kemalist republicanism manifested itself, corresponds to such a moment of transformation. The emergence of a brandnew regime comes with a specific ideological program. Thus, Kemalism is the name of this ideological program following the Turkish War of Independence. Yet, the mere exposition of an ideological program is not enough on its own. In this respect, Kemalism needs to unify society around its ideological program. Hence, the need for an intellectual class has arisen. In order to facilitate social mobilization around the Kemalist doctrine, there was a necessity to organize educators and nurture new generations. The ideological background that shaped all this policy-making developed under the very influence of the corporatist vision. An important function is attributed to these social organizations shaped by corporatism. This paper will question the function of the Halkevi, which were established as corporatist social bodies under the One-Party rule, in the formation of new generations. The paper will also investigate how the nationalist conservative figures raised in Adana Halkevi evolved into anti-communist intelligentsia, subsequent to the transition to Multi-Party Life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to elaborately describe the Chaghatai manuscripts at the library of the Uzbek Zawiya in Jerusalem. The images of the manuscripts digitalized by the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library are used for this purpose. All the data based on the photos are compared with the information provided by both the printed and digital catalogs prepared for the manuscripts. Identified deficiencies have been completed and errors have been corrected. This paper consists of an introduction and three main chapters. Aspects making Jerusalem sacred for Muslims, the fact that Jerusalem has been a holy route for Muslim dervishes and pilgrims throughout history, and the lodges and quarters built in this city during the reign of the Ottomans for dervishes and pilgrims who came from around the Muslim world, particularly Central Asia, are stated in the introduction. The location, architecture, services, and history of the Uzbek Zawiya, which was one of the destinations of visitors who transported various cultural goods from their homeland to Jerusalem, are mentioned in the first chapter. The library of the zawiya, comprised of manuscripts transported here from different Islamic areas, is expressed in the second chapter. The Chagatai manuscripts at the library are described in the third chapter. Manuscripts, including Chagatai texts, are elaborately explained in every way, and transcribed texts taken from samples of the manuscripts are presented in the last chapter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is aimed to reveal the words showing the human negative character in Turkish, based on the work named "XIII. Yüzyıldan Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplardan Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü" (Browsing Dictionnary with testimonials collected from books written in Türkiye Turkish in 13th Century). This work is not only one of the most important Turkish dictionaries but also a significant source for researchers in terms of revealing the historical process of Turkish language. There are many aspects of negative side of human character. For instance, here human stinginess is defined as: cığan "parsimonius", his ignorance as: bilmez "ignorant" or bilüsüz "ignorant", his discouragement as: babak "coward". It is important to set which negative characters are stated in which words to reveal the richness of the world of Turkish notion, and therefore to display the power of Turkish language [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compilation of folk narratives of Chagatay coincides with the second half of the 19th century, the period following the Russian occupation of Central Asia. The content of these compilations is varied and includes many examples of folk literature, among which proverbs are the folk phrases that have attracted the most attention from Orientalists. Arminius Vámbéry was the first to record examples of proverbs from the region, and he included them in his Ćagataische Sprachstudien, published in 1867. Vámbéry's collections inspired other scholars of the time, including the Russian orientalist Nikolai Petrovich Ostroumov. The subject of this article is the Chagatay proverbs that Ostroumov collected in Turkestan in the 1880s. Ostroumov published the first part of proverbs in 1888 under the title Poslovitsı tuzemnago naseleniya Turkestanskago kraya (Proverbs of the local people of the Turkestan region) and the second part in 1891 in Tashkent under the title Poslovitsı i pogovorki tuzemnago naseleniya Turkestanskago kraya (Proverbs and idioms of the local people of the Turkestan region). These works are very important because they are among the first compilations of proverbs, and their examples were recorded in the last period of Chagatay. At the same time, the examples of proverbs are a valuable source that contributes to the study of Chagatay in the 19th century in terms of phonetic and morphological features, as well as the vocabulary and dialectology. Ostroumov brought together both the Russian translation and the Arabic text of the proverbs in his work. In this paper, which aims to introduce the compilation in Turkey, we have transcribed the text in Arabic letters, given information about some words in the text, and tried to evaluate the proverbs in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to map the impact of sensory marketing, understand its intellectual structure, and propose future research agendas for scholars in the field. Various analyses were conducted using the VOSviewer software and data from the Web of Science (WOS) database to delineate the development of studies on sensory marketing and create a map of the research landscape. In this examination of 302 works, it was observed that the highest concentration of publications occurred in 2021 (47 works), 2019 (45 works), 2020 (38 works), 2022 (36 works), and 2023 (34 works). The majority of the works were identified as journal articles (256), conference papers (38), editorials (5), and book chapters (21). The findings indicate that the publications were indexed in SSCI (181), ESCI (52), SCIExpanded (30), CPCI-SSH (28), BKCI-SSH (21), CPCI-S (14), and AHCI (1). The most frequently used keywords related to sensory marketing were sensory marketing, consumer behavior, neuromarketing, experiential marketing, touch, and olfaction. This study represents one of the initial endeavors to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in the field of sensory marketing and map its development. The findings of this research may provide valuable insights for determining future research areas and trends for scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Old Uyghur language emerged as a result of translating religious texts. Additionally, there are also written works and fragments that are categorized as non-religious. The collection of texts and fragments includes letters, legal documents, celebration records, calendars, and medical texts. Medical texts are based on ancient medical traditions from different cultures, such as folk medicine, Assyrian, Indian, and Chinese. These texts include the names of plants, animals, minerals, drugs, diseases, treatments, and medical interventions. The earliest research on Old Uyghur medical texts involved the editing of texts. Subsequent to this, there were studies focused on lexicon, encompassing plant names, drug compositions, and related subjects. Furthermore, studies in the field of medical history were conducted to examine the development of these texts in Central Asian Turkish medicine. It is worth noting that Old Uyghur medical texts have largely been published and analyzed for lexical and medical history up to this day. This article presents four previously unpublished fragments on Old Uyghur medicine. The fragments, known as Mainz 353 (T II D 177-1), U 116 (T II K x 12), U 238 (T II D 177; Glas: T II D 177 g), and U 239 (T II D 177; Glas: T II D 177 X), are now part of the Berlin Turfan Collection. This paper presents the transcription, transliteration, Turkish translation, explanations, and dictionary of the aforementioned fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Father involvement is very important in the prenatal period as well as in the postnatal period. Nowadays, it is seen that fathers-to-be's desire to participate in the pregnancy period and their presence at birth are increasing. Studies in the literature have pointed out the positive effects of fathers' involvement in the pregnancy and childbirth process on children and parents by supporting the physical and psychological health of the mother. However, considering the fact that there are many factors that limit prenatal father involvement at the individual, familial, and contextual levels, there are still areas remaining to be revealed in this issue. Therefore, the current review paper aimed to present a basic framework about the effects of fathers' involvement in the pregnancy and childbirth process on children and parents and the factors affecting their participation. Focusing on prenatal fatherhood may contribute to intervention programs that will be developed especially on parenting [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication has undergone a massive transformation with the development of technology and globalization in the last years. Users benefit from communication technologies in accessing information, education, business, entertainment and many other areas. Rapid developments in information and communication technologies and increasing user demands for accessing information require nonstop updating and optimization of communication infrastructures. In this study, data transmission problems arising from the inadequacy of traditional communication infrastructures and the limitations of copper cables are emphasized. The advantages of switching from traditional Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial (HFC) and Radio Frequency Over Glass (RFOG) networks to fiber optic networks are explained. With this paper; it is aimed to present the purposes and advantages of new technologies such as GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) used in the communication infrastructure and to introduce the subject to the literature with the results of the transformation process from traditional networks to GPON networks for the user; the potential of GPON and GPON passive optical networks to provide economic and technological advantages while providing high data rates for societies was stated, and it was emphasized that fiber optic networks support fast, reliable and sustainable communication services, as well as advantages such as high bandwidth, long transmission distances and resistance to electromagnetic interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly all countries today deal with poverty and immigration and work to find solutions to these difficulties. This paper is designed to examine the spatial effects of public expenditures and poverty on internal migration in Turkey. According to the findings, poverty reduces immigration. It is seen as a driving force, especially in areas with close neighbors. In addition, the amount of exports, labor force participation rate, population growth and the share of public expenditures in GDP positively affect migration. This relationship is also observed in terms of reference regions and units that are adjacent to these regions. The study's findings offer empirical input for relevant public policies and literature that will be used to fight poverty and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial stress, defined as a situation where the financial system is under pressure and disruptions occur in the normal functioning of financial markets, adversely affects markets through various channels, leading to the emergence of uncertainty and a slowdown in economic activity. This study investigates the impact of financial stress on the Istanbul Stock Exchange sector stock market. As part of the research, the Financial Stress Index has been considered as the indicator of financial stress, while the Istanbul Stock Exchange sector stock market includes the Istanbul Stock Exchange Banks, Electricity, Financials, Service, Holdings & Investments, Chemical, Petroleum & Plastic, Leasing and Factoring, Securities Investment Trusts, Primary Metal, Non-Metallic Minerals, Metal Products & Machinery, Wood, Paper & Printing, Industrial, Insurance, Textile & Leather, Wholesale & Retail Trade, Tourism, Transportation, Food & Beverage indices, in addition to the Istanbul Stock Exchange 100 Index. The dataset consists of monthly/closing data for the period March 1997-September 2022. According to the causality test results of Fourier Toda-Yamamoto (2016), a causality relationship has been found from financial stress towards the Istanbul Stock Exchange 100, Banks, Financials, Holdings & Investments, Chemical, Petroleum & Plastic, Securities Investment Trusts, Primary Metals, Non-Metallic Minerals, Metal Products & Machinery, Wood, Paper & Printing, Insurance, Textile & Leather, Wholesale & Retail Trade, and Tourism indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ductility and energy absorption characteristics of concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTCCs) make these columns a good choice. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element method (FEM) (3DFEM) modeling, and simplified numerical modeling results, are compared to those of the computation methods presented in previous studies on estimating the ultimate load capacity of circular stub concrete-filled steel tube composite columns (CFSTCCs). Another comparison between practical design methodology approaches based on advanced analyses, namely, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), relevance vector machine (RVM), and artificial neural network (ANN)-based models were also presented by Avci-Karatas. In order to improve the accuracy of the modeling process and achieve more precise predictions, a thorough set of experimental data was collected. This data encompassed the geometrical and mechanical properties of circular CFSTCC, including parameters such as height, diameter, thickness, steel yield stress, unconfined concrete strength, and Young's modulus for steel. In the present study, it is found that the predicted ultimate axial compression load capacity of circular stub CFSTCCs based on 3D-FEM, numerical modeling, and MARS, RVM, and ANN-based modeling is comparable with the experimentally measured values. In the MARS-based model, the minimum and maximum values of the predicted-to-experimental ultimate axial load ratios (PuMARS / PuE) were found to range from 0.87 to 1.10. For the RVM-based model, the ratios (PuRVM/PuE) varied between 0.90 and 1.06. Similarly, in the ANN-based model, the ratios (PuANN / PuE) ranged from 0.92 to 1.04. As powerful statistical modeling tools as MARS- and RVM-based models are, ANN-based models, achieve high computational efficiency in terms of accuracy in the context of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the topic of health-orientated leadership has often been investigated in relation to health-related outcomes such as general health, tension, depression and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, there is a paucity of research that considers employee well-being in relation to healthoriented leadership, as well as a paucity of studies examining the relationship between healthoriented leadership and job satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect between health-oriented leadership and job satisfaction as evaluated by employees, and to analyse the effect of work engagement on the effect between health-oriented leadership and job satisfaction. The study was carried out with quantitative research design and descriptive survey model. Convenience sampling method was used in the sample of the study. The data sample included 383 health workers. Variance-based structural equation modelling technique was used in the study and the process was carried out in SmartPLS (v 4.0) programme. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used in the study. According to the results of the research, it was found that there is an effect between health-oriented leadership, job satisfaction and passion for work variables. At the same time, it was concluded that there is a mediating and regular effect of passion for work in the effect of health-oriented leadership and job satisfaction. When the findings obtained in the research are evaluated in general, it is seen that it is important for managers to exhibit health-oriented attitudes and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quaker Movement, which was in its formative stage in the early 17th century during the Civil War period, also known as the English Revolution, spread rapidly following 1653 across a vast geography such as Europe, America, and the Caribbean. This movement, also known as the Society of Friends/Friends Church, was initially described with various titles such as "Puritans", "Millenarians", "Bohemian mystics" or "a holy movement." The fundamental teaching of the movement was that "every individual can directly experience the presence of God without intermediaries." The only condition was to heed the "light of Christ" within oneself and let oneself be guided by it. With an approach that revised the classical Christological formulation and an apocalyptic belief that God's spirit was sent to all men and women, the Quakers defended that every individual was able to be in direct communication with divine guidance and rejected all worldly representatives, institutions, and intermediaries of religious authority. They refused doctrinal Christianity and turned to experiential mysticism. In other words, they argued that Christianity is an "experience" to be lived and experienced, not a religion of doctrines requiring absolute faith. The Quakers, who believed that each individual carried a "light" of truth and wisdom, exhibited a more pronounced inclusivist approach towards other religions and people of faith compared to other religious movements in Europe, such as the Puritans and Unitarians. On the other hand, the missionary character of this sect has always been prominent. George Fox (d. 1691), the founding leader of the movement, read the translation of the Qur'an to preach the sect's doctrine to Muslims and became familiar enough with it to be able to make skillful use of Qur'anic verses in his various writings. However, this interest was the result of a missionary motivation. According to Fox, Muslims were on the wrong path and would only be guided if they were led to "the Christian truth". Other prominent figures of the sect, such as George Robinson and Lady Mary Fisher, traveled to Palestine and the Ottoman territories to spread Quaker doctrine and evangelical guidance. The members of the Quaker sect, who faced severe resistance and execution in Europe and America where they originated, encountered a moderate reception in the Muslim lands where they carried out their missionary activities. As a result, the Quakers were open to communication with Muslims - "Turks" in their words. The Quakers' moderate approach stood in stark contrast to the prevalent "anti-Muslim" sentiment in Europe at the time. Despite the considerable encounters and contacts between the Quakers and Muslims, no research has yet been conducted in Turkish academia on this significant interaction. Apart from a few small-scale studies, there is a lack of comprehensive research in Turkish that presents the history, doctrine, and influence of the Quakers as a religious sect in Christian Europe with a holistic approach. To address this gap in the literature, this study deals with the Muslim-Quaker interaction in general. Specifically, it examines how the early Quakers perceived the religion of Islam, its Prophet, and Muslims of their time. The writings of early Quakers and the historical records detailing their encounters with Muslims through diverse experiences and for various purposes are the main sources of this research. This paper aims to explore the factors that shaped the early Quakers' perception of Islam and the extent to which this perception aligned with and diverged from the mainstream Christian understanding of Islam. Being the first study in Turkish on Muslim-Quaker interactions, it is hoped to establish a foundation for future studies in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of manuscript studies, one of the crucial issues pertains to the determination of authorship attribution. During periods when works were duplicated through transcription, challenges arose when authorial information was not explicitly recorded, leading to situations where copyists, biographical, and bibliographical works attributed the same piece to different names. Such circumstances not only complicated author identification but also occasionally gave rise to widespread errors. This study focuses on the 'Alāka text, a prominent work in the field of rhetoric ('ilm al-bayān), serving as an exemplar of this attribution problem. Traditionally ascribed to Mahmoud b. Abdullah al-Antākī (d. 1161/1747), the authorship of the 'Alāka text has not been subjected to substantial scrutiny. Contrary to the prevailing consensus, this study undertakes an examination of the authorship of the 'Alāka text, positing that it does not belong to al-Antākī but rather to his contemporary, Mehmed al-Sobicevī (d. 1161/1748). Consequently, this paper aims to explore and evaluate the issue, considering both individuals' attribution to the work. Multiple pieces of evidence and sources have been utilized to potentially identify the correct author. These include aligning historical data mentioned in the text with the lives of probable authors, identifying self-references in the works of potential authors, analyzing the writing style of the author, utilizing multiple identified copies of the work, seeking information on the author in commentaries, annotations, and related works, and consulting library catalogs, biographical, and bibliographical works. The investigation revealed that some copies attribute the work to Mahmoud al-Antākī, the evidence supporting this is primarily found in certain completion records. On the other hand, Ibn Karatepeli Huseyin b. Mustafa al-Aydīnī (d. 1191/1777), Seyyid Hafız al-Sirozī (d. 1269/1852), Bağdatlı İsmail Pasha (d. 1920), Bursalı Mehmed Tahir (d. 1925) and Ömer Rızâ Kehhâle (d. 1987) also attributed the text 'Alāka to al-Antākī. However, when the copyright date of the work and the place where it was copyrighted are examined, no presumption has been reached indicating that the author is al-Antākī. Therefore, the work's attributed to him is limited to the few sources mentioned above. Most of these sources belong to recent periods. Those who attribute the work to al- Antākī either did not see the copies bearing the name of al-Sobicevī or were under the influence of Ibn Karatepeli, who was one of those who attributed the work to al-Antākī. In addition, Muhammad Rāgib al-Halabī (d. 1370/1951), who grew up in Aleppo and was a member of the Ridāiyye madrasah where al-Antākī was also a teacher, did not mention 'Alāka, although he was the person who gave the most detailed information about al- Antākī's life. As in al-Antākī, the author's name is mentioned as Mehmed al-Sobicevī in many copies of 'Alāka. In addition, al-Sobicevī, in his work named Mirsādu'l-hādī, mentions the existence of a work he wrote on the science of elucidate, which includes the subject of 'Alāka. It has been determined that the work he mentioned is the famous 'Alāka text. A student of al-Sobicevi who copied the text 'Alāka attributed 'Alāka to him. The copyright of the work and the place where it was written are associated with the life of al-Sobicevī. In the commentary of Bekir b. Ahmad al-Mantaşawī (d. after 1149/1736), the student of the author who was one of the commentators on the subject, there are signs indicating that the author is al-Sobicevī. The text of 'Alāka is partially similar to al-Sobicevī's works in terms of language and style. Also, one of the commentators of 'Alāka, Muhammad b. Mustafa al-Kalbasānī (d. after 1184/1771) attributed the work to al-Sobicevī. As a result, when the proportion of the work is evaluated for both individuals, it is seen that Mehmed al-Sobicevī's name comes to the fore. In other words, the source and evidence citing the attribution of the work to Mahmoud al-Antākī are not seen as strong as the sources and evidence proving the attribution of the work to Mehmed al-Sobicevī. Therefore, it is highly probable that the author of the text is Mehmed al-Sobicevī. The method used in this study was comparison and analysis. Manuscript and printed sources were used in the preparation of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 20th century, cinema has become a means of depicting the mind for psychoanalysis, providing a platform to discuss mental phenomena. Over time, both disciplines have enriched each other, becoming significant tools for perceiving and understanding the world. One such analytical method is Carl Gustav Jung's analytical psychology, which revolves around the archetypal theory as a central tenet. Jung's analytical psychology focuses on archetypal patterns and the dynamics of the unconscious. He founded his theoretical framework on the intent to heal humanity, relying on archetypal forces in his proposed methods. Archetypal behaviors are activated through thought processes or the assimilation of experiences. Moments of transformation, such as the development of the Self or shifts due to age and experience, involve archetypal processes. Within the archetypes, which serve as crucial references in an individual's long and arduous journey toward self-realization, the "shadow," according to Jung, is a primary element that individuals must first encounter, confront, and integrate. Jung argues that there is a parallel relationship between the shadow and the Ego, asserting that strengthening the Ego occurs as the shadow becomes conscious. As a significant component of the collective unconscious, the shadow archetype plays a vital role in an individual's self-realization. Recognizing and accepting the shadow archetype is a critical stage in achieving psychological balance and individuation. Jung discusses two distinct types of shadow archetypes: the "personal shadow" and the "collective shadow." This paper analyzes the main character, Yalın Eşref, from the 2023 film Boğa Boğa directed by Onur Saylak, using the archetype theory within a Jungian framework, specifically focusing on the personal shadow archetype. Furthermore, Yalın's psyche and individuation process are explored through the lens of the shadow archetype within this psychoanalytic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Holy Qur’an, the concept of walayah is used in such various meanings that each discipline can refer to a different aspect according to its subject. From time to time, various interpretations of both different disciplines and different sects within the same discipline can be found within the framework of this concept. For example, while the fiqh deals with the meaning of this concept as “taking someone’s responsibility”, the kalam has discussed the concept from the point of view of whether there is a ranking among believers in the matter of closeness to Allah. While the majority of the ulama of Ahl al-Sunnah consider this possible, a significant part of the Mutazilah rejects it. When it comes to Sufism, the meaning of this concept is “He whom Allah loves, a friend of Allah” comes to the forefront. The Sufis say that they have some evidence of this meaning from the Holy Qur’an and especially emphasize the verses 62-64 of the Surah of Yunus. It is a matter of debate whether this verse expresses the meaning understood by the Sufis. In this context, it is assumed that how the famous language scholar and commentator Zamakhshari understands and interprets these verses in his tafsir, al-Kashshaf, a tafsir classic, will contribute to the discussion in terms of giving a different perspective and depth. Therefore, in this paper, how Zamakhshari interpreted the verses in question will be discussed, and the similarities and differences between them will be pointed out by making a comparison with the interpretation of the Sufis. In order to reveal the theoretical background of the study, firstly a brief history of the concept will be given, the meaning attributed by the Sufis to this concept will be revealed, and it will be determined how the related verses were first understood by the Sufi commentators. Afterwards, it will be determined by using text and concept analysis methods how Zamakhshari understands the concept of wali within the framework of his al-Kashshaf and how he interprets the verses of Yunus Surah 62-64, and a comparison will be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ḍirār b. ʿAmr and ʿAbd Allāh b. Yazīd al-Fazārī were important and prominent Islamic theologians of their era. On the other hand, our knowledge of the two mutakallim had based solely on doxographic and historical accounts of other writers. Fortunately, recent developments have changed this situation. The first and to date the only book by Ḍirār titled Kitāb alTaḥrīsh was published in 2014. Despite the book not being in his primary field (kalām), it provides insights into how different religious groups utilize prophetic traditions against each other. While this work may not appear directly related to kalām, it stands as one of the earliest surviving Muʿtazilite sources, offering significant material on the intellectual life of the Muslim world in the second/eighth century, particularly notable for its narrative style. Ḍirār’s influence on subsequent generations through this work was profound. In terms of the availability of his works to us, Fazārī appears more fortunate. Since 2004, eleven of his works have been published. Fortunately, the editions include several texts on his systematic-rational Islamic theology. Contemporary Islamic scholars now have the opportunity to study ʿAbd Allāh’s ideas directly from his own pen, without relying on the limited references available from doxographic writers. The significance of the editions is heightened by his role as a contemporary witness, offering insights into early Islamic thought. One of these publications, Kitāb al-Rudūd, is particularly noteworthy due to its parallels with Kitāb al-Taḥrīsh. The similarities between Taḥrīsh and Rudūd are remarkable. Given such overlaps between two texts, we would not hesitate today to discuss plagiarism. The absence of a chronological gap between the two mutakallim further complicates efforts to ascertain the true originator and copyright holder. In our case, both of them worked in the same room at the same time. Ḍirār and ʿAbd Allāh seem to have been aware of each other: Both resided in Kūfa, later moved to Baghdād during the reign of the ʿAbbāsid caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd (786-809), where they engaged in a dispute on imamāte with Hishām b. al-Ḥakam (d. 179/795), organized by the famous ʿAbbāsid vizier Yaḥyā b. Ḫālid al-Barmakī (d. 190/805). Considering the originality and impact of their works, a pertinent question arises: which of the two scholars, both contemporaries and from the same hometown, exerted influence upon the other? This paper first presents the biographical similarities between these two thinkers, followed by comparisons between their respective books based on the alignment of the themes addressed in the texts with their biographies, and particularly the inner-textual structures per se. The focus lies on identifying differences rather than parallels between them. Finally, the investigation questions the existence of a common source that may have influenced both scholars. With the evidence obtained, clarity can be sought regarding who influenced whom between the two scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I describe the nature and scope of the concept 'sunna' in progressive Muslim thought. I argue that, unlike the hadith-based concept of sunna found in classical Islam, the concept of sunna in progressive Islam has strong affinities with how that concept was understood during the formative period of Islamic thought. In this respect, I show that the concept of sunna in progressive Islam operates within a broad contextualist and rationalist approach to Islamic theology and ethics, that it is a general ethico-behavioural embodied concept. It is not viewed as a source of Islamic belief, nor is it considered a form of unrecited revelation - although, for hermeneutical purposes, it exists in an organic and symbiotic relationship with the Qur'an. In the last section, I discuss several concrete implications this approach to the concept of sunna has in progressive Islam, doing away with many norms, values, and practices that have been associated with the concept in classical Islamic law/ethics, such as those pertaining to family and criminal law. With respect to this, I highlight how a progressive Muslim approach to normative sunna enables the Islamic interpretive tradition to shed ethically and epistemologically outdated norms, values, and practices that have often been defended on the basis of a concept of sunna that operates within the hermeneutical confines of classical Islamic theology and Islamic legal theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Medinan period of revelation, the formation and evolution process of the first Islamic society was completed. In this process, it is necessary to draw attention to the concepts of the Qur'an, which are recognized only in the Medinan Surahs, influence Islamic society from different manners and the field of meaning built by these concepts. In this study, five concepts that are effective in the field of belief, worship and law will be examined in terms of gaining Islamic identity to believers. The concept of "al-Yaumu'l-Ahir" (The Last Day) in terms of belief was emphasized in the Medinan period of the revelation as an emphasis on the need for the principles of belief to be effective in shaping one's life. In the field of worship, the concept of qard al-hasan was only mentioned in the Medinan surahs. "Qard al-hasan" is described as the debt given to Allah in the Qur'an. This definition has been the target of the criticism of the People of the Book. Another concept that will be emphasized in the article is the "Hududullah" that pointed out to remain within the limits determined by Allah in legal issues. The concept of "Jahiliyya", which expresses the understanding of life outside the boundaries drawn by Islam, is another expression studied in this paper. In the Qur'an, the previous thought structure and lifestyle, which is not based on monotheism, is described as "Jahiliyya" and the Islamic character, the world of mind and life are brought to the fore. Thus, the person is expected to be determined in both the belief and the world of faith, to stay away from the mistakes and to remain in Islamic religion by realizing the mistakes he has made. Moreover, one of the concepts that are mentioned only in Medinan surahs is the concept of sin (جناح), which is in the form of a sin to Turkish. Finally, the word jibt is mentioned in a single verse, describing everything that is worshiped other than Allah. In this article, the impact of revelation on Islamic society during the Medinan period will be examined through the six concepts mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transformation has begun in the social sciences in recent years with the increase in studies emphasizing the role of affect in different dimensions of human relations and sociality. With this transformation, which demonstrates that human actions and social practices are not only shaped by conscious thinking, studies on the place of affect in various experiences in social movements and politics have also become visible. As they reveal, both positive and negative affects influence the formation of experiences in politics and social movements. Accordingly, this paper examines how negative affect in the context of guilt, anger and pain operates in social movements and political practices. It argues that negative affects are more than negative actions and behaviors. Accordingly, he argues that they can also produce affirmative and constitutive human and social actions, behaviors and relations. In this way, he demonstrates that negative affect does not only produce political and social experiences in reactive and transitory forms, but can also lead to alternative social experiences through collective subject formation around constitutive practices such as solidarity and partnership formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper questions the authenticity of one of the two main sources cited in scholarly research on the history of the Paulicians in early mediaeval Byzantine Asia Minor, The Key of Truth. It first addresses the issues raised in this source, then analyses the arguments of scholars for and against the authenticity of this text, subjecting the claims of both to a contextual archaeological reading. Finally, it shows how these scholars argued for the authenticity of this work in light of the political, theological, and philosophical events of their time and highlights an aspect that scholars interested in this topic have often ignored. The debates surrounding this text, which purports to be a source of church history, cannot be explained solely in terms of internal identity and doctrinal disagreements. It is argued here that the authors who consider The Key of Truth to be authentic were directly and naturally associated with nineteenth-century Armenian political ideals and, because of these ties, presented this work to ensure the existence and subsequent legitimacy of the Armenian Protestant Church, whose workers were Anglo-American Protestant missionaries and whose patron was the British Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatolia has played a crucial role as a crossroads for the evolution of terrestrial mammals throughout the paleogeographic history of the Eurasian and African faunas. The fossil record of equids is significant in tracing intercontinental dispersal patterns by contributing to the evaluation of evolutionary processes and biochronological correlations. Systematic studies on fossil Equidae taxons contribute to elucidating the connections between their functional anatomies, age distributions, the paleoenvironments of faunas, and regional climate changes. The Hipparion taxon, known as the three-toed horses of the Late Miocene, was first observed in the early Vallesian in Anatolia and exhibited significant diversity, especially during the Turolian. In this context, studying Anatolian faunas is notable for understanding Eurasian Hipparion evolution and for Equidae systematic paleontolog y studies. Hippotherium brachypus is known as the large hipparionine species of the Turolian and was first reported from Pikermi. This paper discusses the presence of the Hippotherium brachypus and the paleoenvironments of regions based on the systematics of maxillary specimens as well as isolated series collected from the Late Miocene mammal localities of Muğla-Yatağan-Şerefköy (MN12), Uşak-Eşme-Kemiklitepe (MN11-12), and Kütahya-Bayat (MN11-12). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haji Mustafa Efendi, also known as Şeyh-i Şirani, is a Sufi and scholarly figure. He was born in 1254/1838 in Sarıca village of Şiran district of Gümüşhane province. His father's name was Ömer Efendi and his mother was Havva Hatun. After receiving madrasah education in his hometown for about fifteen years, he continued his education in Trabzon, Tokat and Uşak. While advancing on the path of knowledge, he was inclined towards Sufism and went to Mecca, where he became affiliated with Yahya Dagestani (d. 1319/1899), one of the sheikhs of the Naqshbandi sect. He served his sheikh for seven years and received Sufi training from him. Then, with the sign and permission of his sheikh, he returned to Anatolia and carried out guidance activities first in Niksar and then in Çorum. In Çorum, where he came in the 1870s, he built a lodge, trained dozens of khalifas and sent these students to various parts of Anatolia on a mission of guidance. Sultan II. Abdulhamit wanted to give him a gift, but since he did not accept this offer, he was exiled from Çorum to Afyon. Haji Mustafa Efendi from Şiran, who died in Medina in 1317/1899 as a result of his sixth pilgrimage, was buried in the Cennetü'l-Baki cemetery. In addition to his qualities as a scholar, murshid and guardian, Haji Mustafa Efendi was also interested in literature. There are ghazals, rubai and some couplets attributed to him. However, there is a lineage belonging to the Naqshbandi sect. Silsile, whose dictionary meaning is "succession, continuation of each other, genealogy", is a concept in Sufism that refers to the list of sheikhs of an order who continue by taking the icazet from each other. The document in which the nâmes that make up the lineage are recorded is called silsile-nâme. The tradition of writing silsile-nâme first appeared in Arab culture, and then passed on to Turkish culture. The first known example of this type in the history of Sufism is the silsila linking Ja'far al-Huldī (d. 348/959) to the Prophet (pbuh). In our culture, verse and prose series of orders belonging to various sects have been written. One of these is the verse series listing the genealogy of the Nakşibendî sect belonging to Haji Mustafa Efendi from Şiran. In the paper, after giving information about the life of Haji Mustafa Efendi from Şiran and his spiritual activities in Çorum, his lineage will be examined in terms of form and content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the substantial increase in the amount of energy demanded and consumed today, there is also an increase in energy generation from renewable energy sources. Including renewable energy sources in an electrical grid and using them introduces the problem of planning the network in the most economical and efficient way. This thesis addresses the optimal power flow problem, which is one of the power system problems integrated with wind and solar power, both renewable energy sources. The optimal power flow problem is an optimization problem with a nonlinear structure and various constraints, where the best values of control parameters are determined. Additionally, combining the nature of solar and wind energy increases the complexity of the problem. Heuristic search algorithms, which are a type of artificial intelligence technique, are preferred in solving such problems. In this paper, the Triangulation Topology Aggregation Optimizer (TTAO) algorithm was first developed based on distance adequacy balance for the solution of the optimal power flow problem. The developed algorithm was applied to the optimal power flow problem including wind and solar energy sources and compared with the results of different algorithms in the literature. The obtained results clearly show that the proposed algorithm is effective in this power system problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isomorphism theorems for crossed squares of commutative algebras, which arise when the crossed modules of algebras are given an extra dimension, are the main subject of this paper. The definition of crossed squares of commutative algebras is given in this context, encompassing ideas like the crossed square ideal, image, and quotient crossed squares, as well as the kernel for crossed square morphisms. The study discusses the way how isomorphism theorems are applied to these structures and offers detailed proofs for this framework. Moreover, some necessary concepts such as quotient crossed squares, which were not previously specified in these structures, are also presented, and some basic properties are examined. The study provides opportunities for possible generalization to a number of different structures, including crossed n-cubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous weapon systems, as new generation military technologies, are the subject of discussions in many areas such as security, law and ethics. The study aims to test whether non-governmental organizations are successful in mobilizing states to legally regulate autonomous weapon systems. In this context, the working papers of the Government Experts Group meetings and the reports and studies (research, surveys, etc.) of international non-governmental organizations were examined, and the decisions taken at the meetings were compared with the reports. Qualitative research method was used in the study. In the study, the studies carried out to establish legal regulations fell behind the pace of technological development. In this regard, it has been concluded that non-governmental organizations are effective but insufficient in mobilizing states regarding autonomous weapon systems. The study is the first to examine the contributions of non-governmental organizations to the global debate on autonomous weapon systems and claims to fill the gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel operational amplifier (op-amp) model was created by redesigning the internal structure of conventional op-amp (ua741 family) circuit element with the linear dopant drift TiO2 memristor (LDDTM) emulator model. The optimized operating conditions and states of this novel op-amp model were determined. The memristor based op-amp model was used as an amplifier element in the phase shift oscillator (PSO) circuit which is one of the RC oscillators. With the novel new phase shift oscillator, the oscillation settling time, start time, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis and their effects on the output parameters are investigated both experimentally and simulated. The new oscillator model novel in this study is evaluated in detail not only in the middle frequency region, but also in the high and low frequency regions. In addition, the efficiency of these circuits has been merged with the experimental circuits, and the accuracy and practicality of the novel op-amp model has been comprehensively studied theoretically and supported by simulation and experimental results. Finally, both experimental and simulation results of the oscillator circuits realized with the novel op-amp model are shown in detail in tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity is an important concept that is directly related to psychological well-being and is mentioned in many theories of clinical psychology. Different psychological theories have various views on the definition of authenticity. While varying definitions according to the theory enrich the view of authenticity, they can also make it difficult to work within a common conceptualization of the concept. This paper reviewed the literature to summarize the different definitions of authenticity and unite them in a common ground. Discussing why authenticity would be important for clinical psychology practice and research and framing the role of psychotherapy in ensuring authenticity were also included in the scope of the study. Considering the commonalities among the theories examined in the study, it can be said that authenticity is shaped by many factors, such as temperament, life experiences, interaction with caregivers, and environment, and can develop throughout life. In addition, it was also inferred that authenticity, which is closely related to psychological health, should be addressed and included in interventions by mental health professionals and researchers working in the field. In this context, it was deduced that it would be important for psychotherapists to discuss and work on authenticity in sessions, regardless of the approach they work with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to understand the trends of scientific publications in the field of "tourism education" in the world and to reveal how authors, institutions and countries interact with each other in studies in the field of tourism. In this study, bibliometric analysis, which is described as both qualitative and quantitative research methods, was used. In this context, international publications (articles, papers, book chapters, etc.) published between 1987-2023 were examined within certain parameters (author, number of publications, keywords, country, etc.). Related scientific publications were searched in the Web of Science database on 11.07.2023 using the keyword "tourism education". As a result of the search, a total of 307 international scientific publications were reached. The VOSviewer software program was used to analyse these publications within the determined parameters. As a result of both the information provided by the Web of Science database and the analyses made, it has been determined that the most studies on tourism education belong to 2021 and the most references to 2022. It is seen that the majority of the studies conducted within the scope of the subject are in the type of articles and the English language is mostly used in the publications. It was concluded that the concepts of "tourism education", "education" and "tourism" are frequently used as keywords in the studies. The United States of America and the People's Republic of China have contributed to the development of the existing literature as the countries that publish the most on this topic. In addition, it has been determined that the studies on tourism education are mostly carried out in the fields of educational research and accommodation, leisure and sports tourism. In this context, a general evaluation of tourism education within the scope of international literature has been made in the study and a perspective has been presented to the new studies planned to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the Organizational Support Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory, it is aimed to explore the mediating effect of perceived organizational support (POS) in the relationship between supervisor incivility (SI) and co-worker incivility (CI) on employee performance (EP). Data were gathered from 4- and 5-star hotel employees in İstanbul to test aforesaid associations. In this paper, structural equation modelling (AMOS 23.0) was performed to gauge the direct links and mediating effects of variables. According to the research results, SI and CI have a negative effect on EP. As hypothesized, POS has a mediating effect in the relationship between SI and EP. Based on these results, it is important for hotels to provide support to the employees (e.g. rules of civility, organizational climate, employee satisfaction). Employees who feel POS would ignore uncivil behaviour shown by their supervisors or supervisors would exhibit civil behaviour and therefore the performance of the employees would increase. Although there are plenty of empirical studies on workplace incivility, evidences that deal with the relationship SI, CI, EP and POS together are still scanty. This study has a target to fill in these voids by gauging the abovementioned relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering its size and ruins, Sagalassos is an important Pisidian city that has yielded a great number of finds, providing information on a wide range of topics, including funerary practices. In this article, a funerary altar found in Ağlasun (Ağlasun District of Burdur Province) and stored in the depots of the Sagalassos excavation house will be discussed in terms of its typological, iconographic, epigraphic and decorative elements. The grave altar is rectangular in form and made of local limestone. It is known that grave altars of different forms and featuring various figures and decoration elements were used as grave markers in the necropolis for libations and identification of the dead within the framework of the cult of the dead. The object examined in this paper had a similar function. The reliefs present on the shaft of the altar have been interpreted iconographically in the light of the present inscriptions. According to the information obtained from the inscription, the altar was built on behalf of a family. The names of family members are written on the front and right side. Therefore, the figures depicted on the same side can most probably be identified as the mentioned family members. While the open parchment roll indicates education, the depicted phiale is a vessel typically used for ritual libations. Based on our typological, stylistic and iconographic evaluations on the object, as well as the inscription, the altar can be dated to the 3rd century AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a two-dimensional two-stage guillotine cutting stock problem which includes determination of how the items should be cut from stock panels in an optimal way, by developing and applying different solution approaches. An integer programming model with new features is proposed. A random key based genetic algorithm is utilized to obtain feasible solutions, and by applying a local search within the algorithm, a hybrid structure is acquired. Besides, a novel two-stage math-heuristic solution method is proposed. In the first stage of this method, a relaxation of the problem is solved; in the second, this solution is improved. The time to obtain the results of the developed two-stage math-heuristic solution approach is significantly lower than the other methods given in the article. Optimal solution values were obtained in 26 of 30 test problems taken from the literature with the proposed mathematical model, in 14 with mathematical programming based heuristic method, and in 16 with a random key based genetic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on accounting research by examining the Covid-19 themed accounting articles indexed by Web of Science with the bibliometric analysis method. 761 articles within the scope of the research are analyzed with Vosviewer software. With the global spread of the virus causing Covid-19 disease in 2019, it is observed that the number of publications by accounting researchers increased rapidly since 2020. The number of publications, which is 126 in 2020, increases to 325 in 2021 and 310 in 2022. It seems that investigating the effects of the pandemic is an important subject of study in accounting research. The results show that the Covid-19 themed accounting articles covered financial markets, public finance, business performance measurement, accounting education, corporate governance and sustainability. The journal that publishes the most articles on accounting and Covid-19 is the "Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting Financial According to the co-occurrence analysis of the keywords, the most frequently used keyword is 'Covıd-19'. The country with the most publications is the USA, the countries with the strongest co-authorship connections is England. Turkey ranks 22nd among the countries with co-authorship link with 12 papers, 92 citations and 23 total link strength. Among the researchers' affiliations, the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology is the most productive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unemployment and environmental pollution are two significant obstacles to achieving long-term development goals in most countries. The literature generally agrees that shifting the basic dynamic of economic activity from fossil energy to renewable energy sources is necessary to solve these two problems simultaneously. This paper examines the dynamic influences of renewable energy (REN) consumption on unemployment in BRICST (Brazil, Russia, India, South Africa, and Türkiye) countries using annual data spanning from 1991 to 2021. To this end, the bootstrap LM test is first used to evaluate the cointegration relationship between REN consumption, fossil fuel utilization, economic growth, and unemployment variables included in the econometric model to be estimated in the study. Then, the short and long-term connections between the analyzed variables are explored using the cross-sectionally augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL) model, which can produce consistent results when there is cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity and when the variables exhibit different stationarity properties. Findings from the bootstrap LM test provide evidence of a long run cointegration association between the variables. Moreover, the CS-ARDL model estimation results demonstrate a negative but statistically insignificant connection between REN consumption and unemployment and that economic growth and fossil fuel usage significantly reduce unemployment in the short and long run. These outcomes suggest that the proportion of REN in total energy consumption in BRICS-T nations has yet to reach a sufficient level to realize its potential to reduce unemployment and/or that the economies of these countries depend on traditional energy. The findings also confirm the validity of Okun's Law in the sample nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to reveal the suitability of the Turkish Dictionary for Schools prepared by the TDK for the target audience in terms of form and content features. Findings were collected through document review, one of the qualitative research data collection techniques. Form and content characteristics were determined by scanning the literature, and the findings were subjected to descriptive analysis. The aspects that should be examined in terms of the format features of the dictionary were determined as weight, size, spine, cover, combination method, paper, font type and size, based on the criteria in the literature review. The content features of the dictionary were determined from the words in the vocabulary activities of the Turkish textbooks in use and the words in the target word lists of the 5th-8th grade levels, based on whether the object of study corresponds to these words. As a result of the research, it was determined that the formal standards of the dictionary were not only suitable in terms of font size, but also other criteria. In terms of content features, the dictionary was able to cover the words in the target word lists at a rate of 87%-96% according to grade levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to uncover the traditional, cultural, and artistic significance of the endangered handmade carpet repairing profession within its historical context. Employing the historical case study method, the study delves into both the present state and past evolution of this profession. Data collection primarily relied on document analysis, encompassing printed publications, accessible e-archive materials, and historical records related to the profession. The study was bound by the limitations of its data sources and the chosen keywords for electronic literature searches. The document analysis revealed a comprehensive dataset comprising 2 books, 1 book chapter, 2 articles, 3 papers, 3 master's theses, 1 proficiency in art thesis, 20 Ottoman archive documents, 3 newspaper articles, 3 photographs, 2 stereographs, and 1 postcard. These documents underwent meticulous descriptive analysis and are presented chronologically in tabular form. In conclusion, the study yielded significant insights into the current state of the handmade carpet repairing profession in Türkiye and its historical journey, tracing back to as early as 1686. These findings not only enrich our understanding of the profession's evolution but also provide valuable social and cultural context for the eras it has traversed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the Turkish translations of the Qur'ān had reached a great accumulation. The international symposium titled "Translations of Qur'an: Problems and Solution Suggestions" hosted by Muş Alparslan University (October 13-15, 2023) revealed this once again. During the sessions of the threeday symposium, method, content, goals and problems of the Translations of the Qur'ān / maāls were brought to the agenda. In addition to many criticisms, there were also academician who made offers on what needs to be done for a correct translation. In this review, the scientific meeting in question has been widely introduced and the contents of the papers in briefly reflected, the discussions have been mentioned upon and some evaluations have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Prof. Dr. It is aimed to evaluate M. Şevki AYDIN's book "Quran Course as a Religious Education Institution". The book published by DIB publications generally aims to examine Quran courses from various perspectives in terms of religious education. In the time since the second edition of the book, many changes and developments have occurred in the name of Quran courses. In our research, in addition to evaluating the book, the information contained in the work was also supported by current changes and transformations. Since the second edition of the book was published in 2010, there have been important developments in the field of Quran courses in the country. Removing the age limit for participating in summer Quran courses, implementing the 4-6 age group Quran course project, abolishing the exchange rate system, expanding the framework of need-oriented course programs and developing these programs in terms of educational sciences, expanding. The opportunity and project to practice memorization of Qur’an along with formal education, the training of memorization students in the fields of Arabic and Basic Islamic sciences by enrolling in the Islamic Sciences Program within the Presidency after completing their memorization, increasing the admission opportunities to the faculty by determining a separate quota for these students to enter the university exams, course The issues of updating the qualifications of instructors existed in the years when the book was published, but are some of the changes and transformations that as of 2023. Therefore, the work has examined the Quran courses, which are the main field of the Presidency in non-formal religious education, in terms of introducing the systematics of Quran courses in terms of non-formal religious education. Aydın, who served as a faculty member at Erciyes University Faculty of Theology until 2022, currently continues to work as a faculty member at Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Faculty of Education. Aydın, who has carried out very original studies in the field of Religious Education, also worked as the Vice President in charge of education at the Presidency of Religious Affairs between 2004 and 2010. In this sense, it can be said that Aydin, in addition to having the theoretical structure required by the field, is closely related to the practical situation. According to YÖK-TEZ data, there are 6 doctoral and 26 master's theses that he has supervised. Aydın has 23 published books/book chapters and dozens of articles and papers published in national and international journals. In addition to being the teacher of many faculty members/staff/researchers are still actively working in the field of religious education in Turkey, Aydın has contributed greatly to the scientificization of the science of Religious Education. As a result, in study, which we are about to examine, Aydın's experience and knowledge, especially during the time he worked at DİB, were combined with his own scientific experience and explained to the readers in a simple and understandable language. The reason for choosing the work under study is that there have been many changes and transformation processes on Quran courses since the time the book was published, and such an important and contributing work to the field has not been criticized/evaluated until now. The study was evaluated taking into account the conditions of the period in which the book was published and was supported with up-to-date information when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological progress transforms tour guiding services and robots take their part in the new setting. Tour guiding studies mostly focused on discussions regarding the substitution of robots for human tour guides. However, understanding user experiences is crucial to provide projections for robot tour guides' future. Nonetheless, the literature provides limited identification of user experiences. To fill the research gap, this study aims to reveal user experiences with robot tour guides, and a YouTube video was selected as the data source. A discourse analysis was conducted to reveal the experiences of Roger Ditter, the presenter who participates in a tour in Kyoto, Japan with the robot tour guide RoBoHoN. The findings reveal that RoBoHoN's features such as high price, nonergonomic design, poor communication, limited interpretation content, and low performance in different conditions negatively affect the user's experience. So, Ditter does not recommend RoBoHoN to first-time visitors in a destination, and his discourse is largely constructed through the negative components. Eventually, there is still time for robots to provide guiding services in the conventional tour concept which includes traveling by a tour vehicle and a guide accompanying tourists in an outdoor setting. The paper concludes with implications for the stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logistics is one of the main sectors of strategic importance for the economic development of countries and logistics activities are among the most important factors that determine a country's competitiveness. Logistics has become the most important element of international trade and economic growth with globalization and competition increasing day by day. The development level of the logistics sector, which is directly linked to international trade and economic growth, increases the performance and success of countries in international trade. In line with this scope, this paper aims to examine the effects of logistics performance on international trade and economic growth in OECD countries. As a result of the analyses, it is determined that the logistics performance index of OECD countries has statistically significant and positive effects on international trade in the long term. Moreover, it is observed that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to the logistics performance index, while there is a bidirectional relationship between the logistics performance index and international trade in OECD countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]