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In order to increase energy security or to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions, the use of biodiesel fuel is continuously increased. This effort is carried out by increasing the composition of biodiesel in the biodiesel blends. One of other considerations regarding the use high composition biodiesel blends above 20% (B20) is the concern of fuel filter blockage or shorten the life time. Various efforts have been done to overcome filter blocking problems due to the use of biodiesel, so that mitigation can be carried out. One of the evaluations of the effect of using palm oil biodiesel with a high composition above 20% has been carried out by acceleration testing in a test rig with additional dust contaminants. The test used fuel filter paper with a porosity of 30 micron with variations in the composition of the test fuel, namely pure diesel/B0 (Pertadex), B30, B50 and B70. The test was carried out by flowing the test fuels through filter paper in a DENSO standard test rig in temperature ambient (around 29°C). Filter blocking was recorded by the differential pressure (delta pressure) between before and after of the test filter paper. The results show that for the pure diesel and biodiesel blends without any contaminants, there is no increase in the differential pressure. Otherwise, for the addition of 3 grams of contaminants per 15 liters of test fuels, a higher biodiesel composition will result in a faster increase in the filter differential pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diesel engine emits higher levels of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), and other noxious gases (such as particulates and insalubrious gases) than gasoline engines. Reducing noxious emissions can be performed by hydrogen enrichment in C.I. engines. This paper, it is studied about blending of diesel and different types of bio-fuel with Hydrogen and its effects on the characteristics of performance and emission of the compression ignition engine. When hydrogen is enriched to diesel and biodiesel then its performance is improved and emissions are reduced. The engine was worked at various speeds and various loads. Biodiesel was produced through the transesterification process. This paper gives a point-by-point outline of hydrogen expansion in C.I. engines. Studies showed that brake thermal efficiency increasing addition of H2 in diesel and biodiesel, brake specific fuel consumption decreasing by enrichment of H2 in diesel and biodiesel, brake power increasing addition of H2 in CNG, brake specific energy consumption decreasing by increasing the hydrogen concentration but it is increasing by EGR. UHC, CO, CO2, Soot formation decreasing by hydrogen addition to the engine intake port. NOx emission increases by enrichment of H2, but it decreases by EGR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production and utilization of environmentally sustainable fuels instead of conventional fossil fuels in varieties of applications have recently attracted researchers' attention. Bioethanol and biodiesel are two of these sustainable alternative fuels. A complete replacement of fossil fuels with biofuels is not economically and practically feasible yet. Diesel fuel has very similar fuel characteristics to biodiesel but different fuel characteristics with bioethanol. Also, bioethanol and diesel fuel are not soluble and cannot be mixed in high proportion. Biodiesel can be used as a co-solvent in bioethanol and diesel fuel blends. Lubricity and cetane number of diesel - bioethanol blend, which decreases with an increase in bioethanol, can be compensated by adding some proportion of biodiesel to the bioethanol-diesel fuel blend. Gaps and areas for improvements on previous research work regarding the performance and emission analysis of diesel engines fueled with ternary fuel blends are reviewed in this paper. The review includes both experimental and computational investigations and the emphasis was given to the research works done in Australia. This paper presents an overview of the performance and emissions investigation on a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel, and bioethanol fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of a gas-diesel duty cycle is an effective method to increase the homogenization of the air-fuel mixture of the diesel combustion engines and improve their ecological performance. However, the realization of these possibilities requires optimization of the processes taking place in diesel engines by their working with two types of fuels. The paper presents mathematical dependences describing the processes specific to the gas-diesel duty cycle and introduces a calculation program to help determine the performance of a diesel engine operating in dual-fuel mode with gaseous fuels that are fed into the engine's intake system. The program is developed in the Matlab environment and its reliability is verified by comparing the experimentally determined and calculated indexes of a single-cylinder diesel engine operating on a gas-diesel cycle with compressed natural gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is petroleum fuel that are clean energy that can be used in internal combustion engines without alteration. Such energy sources have characteristics that are equivalent to petroleum-derived oils and are less emitted througha greener burn, due to their increased oxygen concentration. The present study uses the transitory checklist to examine the effectiveness of an inter CI engine, which contains 3 aspects of biodiesel - diesel fuel. One of the testing outcomes that will be acquired is the braking capability, the special fuel consumption (SFC), the exhaust temperature, and the diesel engines. A tool platform is built and functioned from the circus for the motor testing cell. In the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) method, biodiesel as compared to diesel fuel. As a result, biodiesel fuels could likely outperform fossil fuels in some of theirways. The application of biodiesel fuel as a trend to industrial petrol diesel or as a blending additive is described in this paper as an innovative search for sustainable energy. This report looked into the effects of blending biodiesel into a non-roaddiesel engine on emissions and performance. The findings were linked to findings from related studies that had previously been published. It should be noted that because these findings were based on a stationary diesel engine, no conclusions aboutengine output and emissions can be drawn for vehicles on the road. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuels are depleting at a significantly higher rate, global warming reaching its new high and entire ecosystem suffering from air pollution. Biodiesel has emerged as potential substitute of diesel fuel that can be operated in a conventional diesel engine without any sort of major modification and provides comparable performance and lower emissions. One of the cumbersome tasks is to find the optimum blend of diesel-biodiesel and engine operating parameters. In this regard, many optimization and simulation methods have been used to optimize the biodiesel percentage in blend and engine operating parameters, which gives maximum power output and minimum emissions. There are several optimization techniques such as Genetic algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Grey relational analysis, Response surface methodology, Taguchi, artificial neural network, VIKOR and TOPSIS, which have been employed to optimize the working of a diesel engine run on biodiesel blends. In this research paper, the various optimization methods that have been used in a diesel engine for predicting & optimizing the several output parameters of the input model and ranking them accordingly are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has been a global challenge which researchers have been trying to curtail over the years using different scientific approach, a major contributor to climate change is the combustion of fossil fuel which has influenced the search for alternative fuel sources among which is biodiesel. However, Biodiesel is associated with its limitations including higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission. This paper therefore present various recent findings and impacts of blending nanoparticles with biodiesel and conventional diesel, the merits and demerits in terms of power output, fuel consumption and emissions as well as the possibility of using nanofluids as future alternative fuel for diesel and gasoline engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological development has led to an increase in demand for oil globally, which has led to a rise in environmental pollution and its negative impact on human health. Hospitals and health centres increased with the increase in medical waste. When the COVID-201 virus spread, the medical waste increased. The best solution was to burn in medicinal incinerators to detoxify, complete disinfection, reduce the volume to 95%, weight 70%, restore energy and perform a rapid recovery. At the same time, it produces ash 30% containing heavy metals and metal oxides treated by burial in special landfills for waste that negatively affects the soil, groundwater, the environment, and humans. This paper used wood (Biomass) instead of diesel in the same medical waste. Examine bottom and fly ash in an XRF machine. We found that the concentration was reduced with the increasing mass of ash for heavy metals and metal oxides when using wood with the same waste weight and combustion conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative performance study with the standardized emission results of a controlled output of 7.4 KW, a stand-alone diesel engine equipped with biodiesel (B100) and diesel fuel. Biodiesel was used in this study is produced from transesterification-processed Pilliostigma Thonningii (PT) oil. The tests were performed at full load for different compression ratios of 18:1, 19:1, 20: 1. Impact of these compression ratios affecting the performance parameters like brakes thermal efficiency, BSFC and emissions such as CO, CO2, HC, NOx and Smoke. The compression ratio that provides better performance and less emission have been identified. The results show higher break thermal efficiency, reduced fuel consumption and a growing trend in CO2 and NOx emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is the most promising alternative fuel for replacing diesel in diesel engines, its use as a diesel substitute can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke. Among the techniques capable of promoting the production of biodiesel, the most used on an industrial scale is the transesterification of raw materials. Brazil has a socioeconomic advantage in the production of biodiesel due to the high availability of raw materials in the agro-industrial sector. A culture capable of providing a low-cost source of triglycerides in the Rio Grande do Sul is the rice culture, as its processing generates bran as a by-product of rice, considered an agricultural residue, from which it is possible to extract vegetable oil. Brazil is the ninth largest rice producer in the world, therefore, the present study aims to explore the production of biodiesel via basic transesterification of rice bran vegetable oil with high quality in order to encourage the use of biofuel and promote the diversification of its matrix. On the whole, the paper leads the conclusion that biodiesel of rice bran oil production via methyl transesterification using KOH as a catalyst with 7.5:1 of molar ratio, 1.25% catalyst and 60 minutes of reaction, is viable and capable of producing biodiesel with the quality required by ANP, EN and ASTM specifications for yield, moisture, kinematic viscosity, acidity index, saponification and iodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selayar Island is one of the islands in South Sulawesi Province. This island is about 40 km from the island of Sulawesi. On this island, there are about 88500 people who live as farmers and fishermen. Even though they live as farmers and fishermen, they use electrical energy as an energy source for their daily needs. Currently, electrical energy comes from Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) with a nominal capacity of 13.19 MW, where the PLTD burns diesel oil every day. Currently, there is a policy from the Government that will stop the use of diesel oil so that the PLTD on Selayar Island will be replaced with a 20 MW Gas Engine Power Plant (PLTMG). Selayar Island is an island that has great tourism potential, so it is necessary to think about providing clean and continuous electrical energy. Another alternative besides PLTMG is the use of 20 kV submarine cable networks. The use of the network will integrate the South Sulawesi electricity system and the Selayar Island electricity system. 20 kV submarine cable network as an alternative that Selayar Island does not have to build a thermal type power plant. So, this paper aims to explain the choice between building a PLTMG or supplying electricity via submarine cables on Selayar Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of research of the parameters of transportation work of three-section mainline (train) freight diesel locomotives UzTE16M3 on the real railway section Marokand - Kattakurgan (JSC "Uzbekiston Temir Yulari") during the movement of freight trains without stops and with stops at stations. Results were obtained by the methods of the theory of locomotive traction in the form of tabular data, graphical dependencies and regression equations - analytical dependencies for determining the kinematic and energy parameters of the main indicators of the transportation operation of the locomotives in this railway section. Drivers can use the research results obtained by us - instructors in heat engineering and specialists of linear enterprises of the locomotive complex of the Uzbek railways' network, whose professional and production activities are associated with the issues of saving natural diesel fuel consumption for train traction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is gaining extra and greater significance as an appealing fuel to replace the depleting fossil resources. The cost of biodiesel is the most important hurdle to the commercialization of the product. To reduce the cost of feedstock, waste cooking oils derived from sunflower oil, sesame oil, mustard oil and peanut oils are used as raw material. Biodiesel is made up of monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids that come from renewable feedstocks such as cooking oil and animal fats. Esterification and transesterification are processes in which oil or fats are reacted with monohydric alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The mode of response condition, the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, the kind of alcohol, the type and amount of catalysts, the response time and temperature, and the purity of reactants all influence the technique of transesterification. Many engine producers have introduced the biodiesel in their engines on the grounds that it can be used in diesel engines besides full-size modification. Finally, cooking oil and methyl esters had been characterized to take a look at their properties as fuels in diesel engines, such as viscosity, flash point, cold filter plugging factor, and acid value. Results confirmed that biodiesel got the most advantages as a notable alternative for fossil fuels. In this paper the elaborate review on reactor vessel, glycerine recovery, and purification of biodiesel and process parameters like molar to oil ratio, response time, catalysts and temperature are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation is important for day-to-day operations and economic development. Transportation of different modes, power generation, agriculture, mining locomotives, and all of them are dependent on fossil fuels. Over the last six decades, crude oil use has risen 16-fold. The need for and use of petroleum-derived fuel is growing day by day, but there is scarcity. Biodiesel in place of fossil fuels will meet the current demand for gasoline. Biodiesel can be derived from both traditional and non-conventional sources with some modifications in order to meet the performance of diesel. The emission of CI engines causes adverse environmental impacts such as green-house gases, acid rain, ozone depletion, photochemical smog, etc. Biodiesel is the perfect replacement for fossil fuels. It can be prepared from vegetable oil and animal fats by the transestesterification process. National biofuel policy 2009 set the goal of meeting 20% of diesel demand with biodiesel. India is planning to mix 5% biodiesel with diesel." India has focused primarily on Jatropha. There are, however, around 400 species of non-edible oil seeds bearing trees in our country, where thrust must be made derived the biofuel. Based on the techno-economic viability for the development of biofuels in this paper thrust are made to review a different kind of biofuel utility and their impact on CI engine efficiency that explorer in the last decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is heading towards the demanding hike and the downfall of fossil fuels leading to move the energy dependency of transportation and thermal energy production to unearth another reliable resource. One of the best developing and upcoming resources for the near future is biodiesel. It serves as the everlasting economically friendly resource. This paper deals with the effects on performance of the biodiesel obtained from the Tamarind seed, one of the best resources in the southern parts of India. The compression ignition engine was utilized for carrying out the examinations for the tamarind seed biodiesel (TSB) blended with petroleum diesel. The biodiesel was blended in the ratios B20, B40, and B100. The brake thermal efficiency at 50% engine operating load condition with B20 fuel was found to be corresponding with diesel fuel with 24.87 %. In contrast, the greater the blend ratios resulted in the lesser values of the brake thermal efficiency. The brake-specific fuel consumption was 0.34 kg/kWh, which is closer to the value of diesel having 0.31 kg/kWh, and unfortunately, the value increases for the progressive blends. From the obtained emission results for the tamarind seed biodiesel, the toxic gases like nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions were noticeably reduced than the diesel fuel. The emitted carbon monoxide was lesser to that of diesel fuel at the 75% engine load operations. Considering the overall performance and emission characteristics, the B20 TSB performed well, and the results were closer to the diesel fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on biodiesel manufacturing, combustion, performance, and emissions. This research is based on the findings of many researchers who published their study. As fossil fuels deplete, there is apressing need to develop an alternative fuel to meet the world's energy demands. Biodiesel is one of the best available alternatives for meeting the world's energy requirement. More than 350 oil-bearing crops have been identified, with some only being studied as potential diesel engine alternative fuels. Different oils and their mixtures with diesel were used in the testing by the scientists and experts. Short-term engine testing using vegetable oils as fuels are quite successful, according to the vast majority of scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a complex study into the feasibility of operating a high-speed diesel engine entirely with biodiesel fuel and its impact on performance. Utilized, the purposes of this study, was Prima 65 (Perkins Engines LTD), direct injection naturally aspirated diesel engine. Initially the tests were conducted with diesel fuel from the commodity markets followed by biodiesel fuel (derived from rapeseed oil methyl ester). The technical, economic and ecological indicators of the engine were compared at full load across the entire frequency range, for both types of fuel. Workflow parameters were calculated from the indicator chart and close analysis of the results obtained was thoroughly conducted. The key findings were consequently summarized and conclusions were made about the suitability of biodiesel fuel for the operation of this type of engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the energy supply problems in the eastern areas of the Russian Arctic. The sequence and relations of the main stages of research focusing on the comprehensive substantiation of feasible energy technologies in the areas with off-grid power supply are indicated. The description of the model tools developed by the authors and the structure of the information-analytical system are given. Findings indicate the conditions for the competitiveness of centralized and decentralized power supply and competitive prices for liquefied natural gas to replace coal, crude oil, and diesel fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the environmental safety of road transport, providing for the minimization of its negative impact on the environment, includes a decrease in the toxicity of exhaust gases from cars, which is ensured, along with other factors, by the use of fuels containing oxygenate additives. In this paper, the preparation of fuel compositions containing ethanol as an oxygenate additive in a concentration of up to 10% is considered. Fuel-ethanol mixtures were prepared on the basis of commercial diesel fuel with a limiting filterability temperature of minus 20 °C. The effect of ethanol additives on the stability and physicochemical properties of fuel-ethanol emulsions has been studied. Due to the low stability of the resulting mixtures and their tendency to aggregation and coalescence under the experimental conditions, n-propanol additives were used at a concentration of 1%, which contributed to an increase in aggregate stability and an increase in the emulsion separation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the experimental research aimed at evaluating the effect that the heating of composite diesel-fuel oil produces on the fuel pressure at the high-pressure injection pump adapter output, as well as on the speed and the time of the fuel pressure wave transmission through the fuel pressure line. The research was conducted with a fixed regulating rod at different injection pump camshaft rotation rates (rounds per minute), from starting (200 RPM) to rated (1100 RPM) in increments of 100 RPM. The high-pressure injection pump operated on the mineral diesel fuel of the JT-0,2-40 line and various composite diesel-fuel oils. Prior to the research the injection pump had been adjusted for the cyclic injection (72±1,5 cmm per cycle), which corresponds with the.D-243 diesel operation on mineral diesel fuel. The data analysis results show that with the increase in the injection pump camshaft RPM and the rapeseed oil content of the composite diesel fuel at 30° centigrade, the fuel pressure at the injection pump adapter output experiences a steep rise, which is moderated upon the application of heat. The same tendency is observed with the change in the speed of the fuel pressure wave transmission through the fuel pressure line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, usage of diesel fuel causes increase in pollution and hence we have to find out a substitute fuel for diesel. Bio-diesel is one of the most promising substitutes for diesel fuels. In this paper, experimental research has been carried out for the comparison of the emission and performance characteristics of diesel fuel and its blend with castor non-edible vegetable oil (B20) on a single cylinder, 4 stroke, direct injection and water cooled, Macson diesel engine of 15hp at 2000rpm for variable loads. Loading was done by electrical means, coupling the engine with a 15kVA 3-phase alternator and loaded them by providing a number of heating coils and loading was done according to the British system of loading (no load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load). Also, the performance and emission characteristics of engine using diesel fuel and its blend with castor non-edible vegetable oil (B20) has been compared at various injection pressures of 220, 240 and 260 bar. By analysing the graphs, it was noticed that the performance characteristics of the engine are improved and the emission rates are reduced by using bio-diesel fuel (B20). It can be observed from the critical analysis of graphs, the optimum characteristics were achieved at 260 bar injection pressure for B20 fuel and 240 bar for pure diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulties of starting a diesel motor at negative ambient temperatures are known. It is primarily connected with the peculiarity of ignition of diesel fuel. At negative ambient temperatures the fuel becomes viscous, and its spraying by the nozzles becomes difficult. This problem is solved by installing various additional pre-starting fuel heaters on fuel filters, main pipeline or in the tank. They are autonomous electrical devices. In this paper we consider a new type of preheater. It simultaneously performs both heating and pumping of diesel fuel. This heater is designed on the basis of an electromechanical converter. One of the distinctive features of this device is the possibility of independent regulation of the amount of heating and pressure of the heated fuel. The analysis showed that the heater has the wide-regulating characteristics, provides the ability to obtain and maintain the specified temperature of the heated fuel, pressure and productivity. This device is high-tech and it is characterized by the high structural reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano particle - new technology additives used within biodiesel fuel have been developed through generations in order to improve diesel engines (DE) performance while reducing the emission causing the environmental pollution. This comprehensive review is conducted to investigate the effect of nano particle additives on biodiesel fuel in diesel engines. Due to high demand in increasing the emission standards especially from International Maritime Organization (IMO), it has captivated the authors interest in developing the use of nano particle towards biodiesel fuel because of the ability to reduce exhaust emission of diesel engines. The results show the addition of nano particles in B20 and were auspicious where it reduced carbon oxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), low heat release rate (HRR), and lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Altogether, the authors have compiled several research papers that contain overview of biodiesel fuel, types of nano particle, effect on exhaust emission and diesel engine performance, and lastly advantages of using nano particles in biodiesel fuel. Hence, the findings are provided for future research opportunities and clear understanding of nano particle technology in improving DE fuel performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel source used to extend fossil fuels' worth, cleanliness, and diesel engine longevity. Biodiesel reduces the emission of greenhouse gas because its carbon cycle is closed. It has various disadvantages, including an increase in NOx emission and regular intervals in replacement of fuel filters and fuel tanks as it leads to clogging. Nano additives are being used as fuel additives to improve fuel properties. The results achieved an enhancement in heat transfer rate, improvement in thermo physical properties, decreased exhaust emission rate, and an increase in engine performance. This review paper deals with the various methods for Nano fluid preparation and its properties, applying nanoparticles in multiple fields, performance characteristics, and emission characteristics of biodiesel blend with nanoparticles in the diesel engine. The addition of nanoparticles improved the brake thermal efficiency and reduced the NOx emissions in the various biodiesel blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction equipment activities are a major part of many infrastructure projects. This type of equipment typically releases large quantities of green house gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions may come from fuel consumption. Furthermore, equipment productivity affects the fuel consumption. Thus, an estimating tool based on the construction equipment productivity rate is able to accurately assess the GHG emissions resulted from the equipment activities. This paper proposes a methodology to estimate the environmental impact for a common construction activity. This paper delivers sensitivity analysis and a case study for an excavator based on trench excavation activity. The methodology delivered in this study can be applied to a stand-alone model, or a module that is integrated with other emissions estimators. The GHG emissions are highly correlated to diesel fuel use, which is approximately 10.15 kilograms (kg) of CO2 per gallon of diesel fuel. The results showed that the productivity rate model as the result from multiple regression analysis can be used as the basis for estimating GHG emissions, and also as the framework for developing emissions footprint and understanding the environmental impact from construction equipment activities introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy duty diesel (HDD) construction equipment plays an important role in building and rebuilding Indonesia's infrastructure and has a significant impact on national energy consumption in the form of diesel fuel. This paper demonstrates an 'energy-productivity' (ENPROD) model, a practice-ready methodology in developing an energy estimating model for HDD equipment that establishes a baseline of current fuel use based on the equipment's productivity rates. The model was formulated by using the productivity model to obtain the total duration of work, and combined with the NONROAD's brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) to gain the fuel consumption rate in term of liter per horsepower-hour (liter/hp-hr). ENPROD model is good to be used as a benchmark for estimating fuel use from some certain types of construction equipment performing earthwork activities. Based on the methodology presented in this paper, the results revealed several trends related to total fuel use of the equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a unique biodiesel, Bael biodiesel, with diesel vehicles. Bael oil is produced from bael seeds, which are obtained from the fruits of the bael tree. Within that article, the performance, toxicity, and ignition properties of a diesel engine running on diesel, bael seed oil methyl ester (BSOME) and its blends (B20, B40, B60, B80, and B100) are discussed. Due to the increased acid quality of the oil, BSOME was constructed by mixing bael seed oil and methanol in an acid as well as alkali catalytic process. While BSOME as well as its blends have poorer brake thermal efficiency than diesel, they have smaller emissions, with the exception of NOx. According to this research, blend B20 (20% bael biodiesel + 80% diesel) can be used to partly replace diesel in conventional CI engines despite imposing some modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems related to environmental protection together with the shortage of oil resources have aroused interest in alternative fuels, as they are considered more environmentally friendly. The aims of this paper are to investigate the effect of ethanol additives on conventional diesel fuel in different percentages and to evaluate the effect of these additives on the power and environmental performance of a common-rail engine with a turbocharger. This investigation is conducted with different blends of ethanol and diesel, by volume: 10% ethanol (E10), 20% ethanol (E20). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers try to invent or develop an external one or more devices fixed with the engine to improve performance and reduce engine emission, saving money and reducing global environmental impacts. This is done by enhancing the combustion process (i.e.) that makes it operate under complete combustion conditions. One of these ways using magnetic fields and exhausted gas recirculation and combined between them. This paper, gives a comprehensive description of many trials to reach the desired goal. Three main parts present here: the first one provides an overview of applications of magnetic fields on diesel fuel, the next part deals with the EGR engine's impact, while the last one goes further to examine the combined influences of magnetic flux and exhaust gas recirculation system considered as the furthermost operative technology. Moreover, fuel blending, bio-diesel, Nano fuels are described and reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnologies as well as its combination with surface engineering, offer significant opportunity to enhance to a sustainable energy future, both via more effective utilisation existing renewable resources and by allowing innovative approaches for alternative forms of energy and processes. The nano-materials must be designed, characterized or synthesized while keeping controllable structures, size and shapes. This paper gives the significant analysis during the combustion of aqueous aluminium nano-fluid in diesel fuel, there is a major chemical reaction of hydrogen combustion. The nano particles are made by solid state reaction of aluminium nitrate and citric acid by heating it in a microprocessor-controlled furnace. Because of its high combustion enthalpy and low cost, aluminium has long been used as an energetic material in solid-based propellant rockets and explosives. Nanotechnology has resulted in important advancements in the field of energetic materials. Nano scale energetic materials are considered to exhibit a variety of properties due to their large surface area and special thermal properties. This study is objected to highlight some most exciting advancement in the preparation and characterization of nano-materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the combustion signal collected by the combustion sensor of piezomagnetic type, taking how to get the diesel fuel to start the combustion as the starting point. It analyzes the operating principle and pressure change of the combustion sensor, the compression peak signal of the diesel engine in the process of compression, and several common methods. The author puts forward a new idea that ignition angle timing can be determined more accurately by the compression peak decomposition method. Then, the method is compared with several common methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice husk is abundant in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, considering as renewable energy for power generation. The syngas production from the gasification of rice husk can also be supplied to the dual-fuel diesel engine, saving oil consumption. The operating conditions are key contributions to obtain the high syngas qualification and high ratio of the replaceable syngas fuel in the diesel-syngas engine. This paper presents the effect of air velocity (from 2.0 to 8.0 cm/s), bulk density (from 92.31 to 122.55 kg/m3), and moisture of rice husk (from 4.0 to 13.0 %) on the replaceable diesel oil ratio and power capacity of the dual-fuel diesel engine RV-125N, using the downdraft gasifier. The obtained results indicate that at the moisture of 4.3 % of rice husk, the bulk density of 101.86 kg/m3, and the air velocity of 6.0 cm/s, the power capacity can reach 1.41 kW and the replaceable diesel oil ratio was over 60 %. Considering the moisture of rice husk of 4.3 % (as-received), the diesel capacity can be improved and the replaceable diesel fuel was not significantly decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slop piping system has a function as a diesel fuel storage. It's connected to the depressurization system and the main pipeline. The system will operate automatically if there is a shortage of diesel fuel supply in the main pipeline. Stress in the system will be influenced by temperature and pressure. In the design stage, we have to make sure that the system stress is safe for mass production stage. Stress analysis tools that used in this paper is Caesar II. The purpose of stress analysis in the slop piping system is to minimize failure. From stress analysis simulation, shown that the maximum stress due to the sustain load is 804.5kg/cm2 and the allowable stress is 1124.8kg/cm2. The maximum stress caused by the expansion load at node 10 is 488.9 kg/cm2 (Caesar II) and the allowable stress is 2695 kg/cm2. Base on ASME B31.3, The maximum stress value in the slop piping system is less than the allowable stress value. The conclusion, slop pipe system is safe to use for mass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars have been conducting extensive research on alternative energy sources to overcome the problem faced by the fossil fuels. For this reason alternative energy is the right solution to overcome the depletion of fossil fuels. In this paper, behavior of VCR engine is studied by using dual combination of biodiesel and its blends namely jatropha methyl ester and soapnut methyl ester. The biodiesels mentioned above are blended in the ratio of (15:15) and reading are taken for 820, 840, and 860 proportions. The results implies reasonable improvement in performance & emission characteristics of engine without any changes made in original setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As petroleum fuels are depleting due to rapid increase of users, researchers are probing for suitable alternative fuels. This paper tries to find out the performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Prosopisjuliflora bio diesel with Hydrogen gas as dual fuel. Performance of this fuel was tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Results were showing comparable performance for the entire fuel. The test results showed reduction of smoke, increase in NOx and improvement in thermal efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development in developing countries has led to huge increase in energy demand. In India the energy demand is increasing at a rate of 6.5% per annum. Bio diesel an eco-friendly and renewable fuel substitute for diesel has been getting the attention of researchers all over the world. This paper deals with to evaluate the engine performance and emission of VCR Diesel Engine using blend of pure lemon balm oil with diesel. in the present study shows the effect of engine performance terms of Brake specific fuel consumption and Brake thermal efficiency using taguchi based optimization. And the nano particle (MgO) is also used as a catalyst of the blends of bio fuel to enhance an optimal engine output values rate of various effective gases like NOx, CO and unburnt HC using Response curve Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the investigation of two non edible vegetable oils (Soap nut oil and Candle nut oil). The depletion of fossil fuels leads to search of new and environment pollution free fuels. The important issue faced for selecting the vegetable oils compared to diesel fuels is viscosity. Another major issue of selecting the non edible oil is oxidation stability (OS) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). The vegetable oils are transesterified and the obtained biofuels are combined in a fixed proportion of 60% soap nut methyl ester and 40% candle nut methyl ester and the properties are measured. This combined bio fuel is mixed with diesel fuel as B20 and B40 blends to estimate the performance limits and the emission levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although diesel engines are the most reliable energy source in the transport industry, increasingly strict emissions targets and the rapid depletion of oil resources have spurred researchers to try. Research to use alternative fuels for diesel. Hydrogen is one of the best alternatives to traditional fuel. Hydrogen has its own benefits and limitations in its use as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. On the other hand, one of the effective methods to improve combustion efficiency on existing engines without changing a lot of engine structure is to add a small amount of hydrogen gas or hydrogen rich gas to the engine. Hydrogen has fast diffusion, flammable and fast burning characteristics, so when it is ignited in a mixture with traditional fossil fuels in engine cylinder, it will increase the burning speed of the fuel mixture and helps fuel burn completely, thereby increasing combustion efficiency and reducing engine emissions. A study on supplying hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas to diesel engines right on the engine intake through the EGR flue gas recirculation system to improve combustion, improving efficiency and reducing engine emissions will have high scientific and practical significance. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted on four stroke diesel engine driving a generator. The engine is supplied with hydrogen-rich air on the intake charge by integrating an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system with a flow of 25 l/min. In this study, the authors focused on the evaluation of specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of engines with different levels of EGR use. Experimental results show that when the rate of using hydrogen increases, the emission level of particles and NOx are significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, mainly characterization of biodiesel derived from waste frying palm oil and its blends with diesel fuel has been reported. The waste or used frying palm oil which was collected from fast food centres and restaurants was transformed to biodiesel by the transesterification process in the presence of sodium hydroxide catalyst. Methanol and palm oil were used in the proportion 6:1 molar ratio. The yield of Waste Frying Palm Oil Methyl Ester (WFPOME) obtained was 95.7%. Major fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity, density, lower calorific value, flash point and fire point were evaluated as per ASTM standards for B100 (or biodiesel) and its blends with diesel like B20, B40, B60, B80 and compared to B0 (pure diesel). Density (0.875 g/cc), kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (7.7 mm²/s), cetane number (62), and flashpoint (127 °C) of biodiesel were observed to be higher but the calorific value (37.78 MJ/kg) was lower than that of diesel fuel. The WFPOME fuel properties were improved significantly by mixing with diesel fuel. It is concluded that WFPOME is a suitable and substantial raw material for production of second generation biodiesel. The blends B20 and B40 showed similarity with diesel fuel properties and they can be used as alternative CI engine fuel for better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a diesel fuel system, the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is the brain that controls all the operations of the system and the entire engine. The basis for ECU operation is a set of adjustment parameters data set in the engine research and development process, called standard data set, integrated in ECU. However, the method of building a standard dataset is often a technological secret of the manufacturer, so it is not published and difficult to access. In addition, studies using alternative fuels or biofuels on diesel engines are seen as an inevitable result of the risk of exhaustion of fossil fuels and the risk of environmental pollution due to engine emissions. Therefore, studies to optimize the parameters of ECU to use efficiently and sustainably biofuel on diesel engines are very urgent. The paper investigates the influence of parameters in ECU on the optimization function of a diesel engine with biofuel in different concentrations by computer simulation. In order to achieve this goal, a model in the AVL Boost software for a single-cylinder engine was used in conjunction with an ECU device that controls fuel injection by loading the input database (map). After computer simulation, the optimization of the fuel injection process with ECU parameters was obtained to obtain the same results from the combustion process for each type of biodiesel. Engine performance is assessed based on the amount of heat generated from combustion in the cylinder, comparing the properties of the fuel mixture used in the simulation. The increase in the amount of heat emitted from the combustion process is set by the parameters of the ECU that increase the fuel injection volume by increasing the injection time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper presents the performance and emission analysis of diesel engine by using soybean methyl ester. In this work, the various percentage of soybean methyl ester has been blended with diesel fuel to carry out experiments, by adding 1%, 3% and 6% of ethanol in 20% soybean methyl ester with 80% diesel mixture. The addition of 20% soybean methyl ester alone increases the emission of CO2 significantly when compared with the emission of CO. The earlier can be minimized considerably by adding ethanol in different concentrations, meanwhile the later increases minimally. The emission of HC follows in a similar fashion like CO. The B20 fuel blend treats the NOx emission positively, which can further be reduced by ethanol addition of 1%, 3%, and 6%. In addition to this, the smoke can also be reduced by adding soybean methyl ester in diesel oil and further decreased by adding ethanol additive in B20. The entire effort impacts the performance of Compression Ignition engine closer to that of diesel. The addition of ethanol as an additive in biodiesel-diesel blend could be controlled the NOx emission and global warming through the reduction of CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the growing energy demand, the use of alternate fuels plays a major role for significant improvements in the emission characteristics and performance of diesel engines. This paper proposed the usage of additives to biodiesel blends combined with thermal barrier coating on the piston crown that will lead to better performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines. From results obtained through various experiments it was determined that the B30 biodiesel blend is the most optimum blend as it has performance characteristics comparable to that of conventional diesel and emissions lower than conventional diesel. The thermal coating of the piston crown encourages better combustion efficiency. The effect of the additives in the fuel blends have led to the decrease of CO, smoke and unburned hydrocarbons emissions. The thermal barrier coating causes the improvement of combustion efficiency in the engine. The performance of the engine is found better with conventional diesel than any biodiesel blends, however the addition of oxygenated additives to the biodiesel blends enables the biodiesel blend to perform in par with conventional diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of an effort to investigate the feasibility of transitioning marine ports away from reliance on national grid electricity and toward green power-based ports, hydrogen could be used to supplement diesel fuel in an internal combustion engine, the aim of this paper is to developing a mathematical model for the optimum performance of HHO gas generator according to ICE specification and clarifying the effect of cell design parameter change on gas production rate. The gas production rate can control by the current apply to the generator and the ideal gas production rate is 0.25 Liters/minute per 1L of engine size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrotreating technology is practically used for all products obtained in the process of primary petroleum processing, as well as for isomerization, reforming and catalytic cracking processes in order to obtain quality characteristics in terms of sulfur content in processing products. The paper presents ways to solve the current problem, which is to ensure the condition monitoring of heat exchange equipment in process plants that carry out diesel fuel hydrotreatment. The work is aimed at developing a technology and system to monitor the state of heat exchange equipment of the reactor block of the diesel hydrotreatment process using operating parameters based on the technological process simulation in the Aspen HYSYS environment. A study of the diesel fuels hydrotreatment process showed that, due to the temperature rise of the furnace pass, it is necessary to lower the raw material productivity. This is necessary to comply with the requirements of the technical process regulations. However, this leads to a decrease of 5% in production and losses of the enterprise to 20 million rubles per month. Input and output data on the flow rate, temperature and pressure of products, material and thermal balance of the reactor unit form the basis of the heat exchange equipment operation model and heat exchangers monitoring system. By comparing the parameters values of the heat exchange process model with the “ideal” heat exchangers without losses, with a model that is based on real data, it is possible to estimate the sources of losses and their quantitative characteristics. The proposed technology and monitoring system of heat exchange equipment makes it possible not only to determine the boundaries of the effective operation of heat exchangers, but also to save energy resources, and thus increase the profit of the enterprise, as well as provide comprehensive monitoring of the technological installation equipment, including not only machinery, but also heat exchange, column, capacity, reactor equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining business is one of industrial activities that consume much fuel, especially diesel oil. There are many operational deviation practices carried out by operators intentionally or unintentionally in the field causing waste of fuel burned. The FSC - Fuel Saver Control system is developed through hardware connected to the ECM - Electronic Control Module and integrated through an online radio frequency monitoring system thus operational deviation variable such as engine over speeding, ground speed, overload, and excess dumping rpm performed by truck’s operator can be controlled automatically by FSC control module, then the fuel burning is more efficient. Diesel oil average normal consumption of a CAT 777D Truck is 55 litres/hour. Normal life cycle of 100 Ton Mine Truck around 20 years, for Truck’s Physical Availability and Utilization set of 85% each. It means that a CAT 777D truck will consume total diesel fuel 6.96M litres during its service life. The principle component analysis (PCA) is represented for this paper to control the data obtained during monitoring system. This research achieved reduction of fuel consumption between 5-7% per hour thus a CAT 777D unit will be capable of saving diesel oil between 348K - 487K litres within 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, an experimental study of the Dahurian larch crushed bark spectrum dynamics during its hydrothermal treatment (decoction) was carried out using the Raman spectroscopy method. Also, a study of the spectrum of the Dahurian larch bark modified by the above method during its interaction with base oil and petroleum products (motor oil, diesel fuel, gasoline) was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of ambient pressure and temperature on the spray behaviour of diesel fuel. Spray simulation tests were conducted using Ansys Forte in a 45-degree sector of a diesel engine under different ambient pressures (1, 4 and 8 bar) and different ambient temperatures (400, 600 and 800 K). Non-reactive conditions were used as they allow calibration of the model for predicting correct spray dynamics. The simulation results of diesel fuel showed that the spray penetration decreased with increased ambient pressure. However, the spray penetration region became longer and wider for diesel fuel because of increased ambient air temperature. With higher ambient temperature the evaporation rate increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diesel fuel is the main oil-processing products. The autonomous preheating system providing free pumpability of diesel fuel in a fuel system in the conditions of low temperatures is considered in the paper. The control algorithm of heating up diesel fuel is developed. The method of assembling preheating elements in the fuelservicing truck KAMAZ 43118 is described. The seating scheme of the preheating elements having higher strength and power characteristics in comparison with the existing analogs is offered. This research is applicable to the largesize equipment in the conditions of low temperatures. The application of the research results will increase the operation duration of the equipment and will save up to 70% fuel for a month of operation. The preheating system is completely autonomous. It is also capable to regulate temperature in installation sites of the preheating elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) are a kind of excellent diesel blending components. Due to the low flash point of PODE2, it is not appropriate to be used as diesel blending component, so in this paper, the application of PODE2 have been studied. It seems that PODE2 is a kind of excellent green rubber solvent oil without sulfur and aromatic. Moreover, the application of PODE2 as gasoline blending component is investigated and it is found that the Research Octane Number(RON) of gasoline product and the RON of four different gasoline components(including hydrofining gasoline, hydrocracking light naphtha, catalytic reforming gasoline and mixed gasoline with 80vol% hydrofining gasoline and 20vol% catalytic reforming gasoline) is all slightly decreased to some extent respectively, which indicates that there is no apparently synergistic effect between PODE2 and the gasoline components, but PODE2 can effectively reduce the sulfur content, olefin content, aromatic content and can suppress the vapor pressure of gasoline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold-phase related emissions from internal combustion engines have a significant impact in most daily driving cycles. In particular, when the engine is started from a cold state, lubricant oil viscosity is very high and this affects the friction performance of the mechanical components of the engine. When the engine is warmed up, then, the viscosity of the oil can be up to 15 times lower than the cold phase and even more in very cold climates, producing significant reduction in specific fuel consumption and, so, carbon dioxide emissions. In this work, the Authors demonstrate the effectiveness of some technical opportunities to reduce the warm up time of the oil, with particular reference to a 3.0 L turbocharged diesel engine during a light duty homologation driving cycle. Experimental assessments have been done on different oil circuit layouts and proposing prototyped technologies. Oil sump modification, coolant-to-oil heat exchanger bypass, external heater, heat recovery option, and thermal storage have been tested and compared with each other. Among them, exhaust heat recovered to accelerate the warming up of lubricant oil seems to be the most promising one and it could be easily integrated with a thermal storage section. It is the opinion of the Authors that these technical options could be easily implemented on a vehicle and they can represent a significant step forward to a more efficient thermal management and friction reduction in internal combustion engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]