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Rather than undertaking a detailed analysis on specific issues, the purpose of this paper is providing a clear and systematic overview of collective litigation and clearing up the fundamental features that should preside over its regulation in order to give an adequate answer to the main problems that plague legislators and scholarship in relation to the legal regime of collective actions, particularly in areas such as those related to procedural standing, to the coordination between the collective proceeding and the exercise of related individual actions, to the reach of res judicata etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a textual analysis of the film A Ghost Story (David Lowery, 2017), from its psychoanalytical and philosophical dimensions. To do so, it uses a methodology of textual analysis that considers both the Lacanian apparatus as well as the one derived from the hauntology outlined by Mark Fisher from the texts of Jacques Derrida. Thus, the relationship between love and death is explored taking as axis, the writing, the function of the word and its implications in memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the insistent presence of Ernst Kris's case known as the fresh 'brains man' in Jacques Lacan's speech. We identify direct allusions to it, we specify certain notable distortions and contradictions -never declared- that contains, as well as we review other forms of influence that not for being indirect are less relevant. This makes it possible to establish the profound shock that the knowledge of Kris's case and interpretation produced in the French psychoanalyst, all of which motivated by a shared family constellation and a very similar passion for plagiarism. This work is part of a textual analysis of Lacan's discourse that sheds a specifically psychoanalytic -and we could also say clinical- light on some of the most characteristic features of his rhetoric, on the way he led the institutions in which he participated, and on the peculiar nature of the way these institutions work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penalized Present Value (conceived as Net present value penalization with the risk involved) can be an interesting tool when assessing risky investment decisions. On the other hand, Decision Trees appears as a technique used by practitioners for the last decades. In this paper we combine both techniques in the analysis of a complex investment decision (more specifically, a real case study related to searching for new markets) and we reach satisfactory results. The proposed methodology can be seen as a complementary alternative to Real Options analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article a reflection on the meaning of the academic library in the 21st century is proposed from the publication of the book: The politics of theory and the practice of critical librarianship. From the dissociation of theory / praxis, library science is characterized by a very contradictory tradition. The tecnocratics models, that come being hegemonic in the educational and cultural institutions, have deepened this duality that is analized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our libraries are ready to support the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda. There is a lot to be done and said for each of the 17 SDGs. Libraries, as providers of access to information, contribute to both an improvement in people's lives and to an informed decision-making process of governments, communities and other institutions in charge of alleviating poverty and raising living standards around the world. This paper shows the relevance of the 2030 Agenda and its relation with university libraries. It also explains the 17 Sustainable Development Goals by directly linking them with library work and provides practical examples from the day-today of libraries, taking into account various resources, collections and institutional alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Libraries should be considered as key actors in cultural and information dissemination. For that reason, libraries are presented in this paper as facilitators of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper overviews the 2030 Agenda both as a new political framework and as an opportunity for libraries and their professionals to become fully aware of its great potential. The aim is not only to raise awareness but also to contribute directly to both individual and community development. A summary of the main actions carried out in Spain in this context is also included [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of constructivist theories in the definition of informal learning that occurs in museums and science centers has encouraged these institutions to be increasingly concerned with the individual needs of their visitors. This paper aims to present some contributions from various authors related to the classification of visitors according to their behaviors, interests and motivations. In particular, we discuss Howard Gardner's proposal on multiple intelligences for the design of interactive exhibits and scientific exhibitions and, accordingly, we emphasize the situation of exhibitions that include new technologies in their design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates the exclusionary spirit of the «ordinary» jurisdiction in sport and the problems generated by access to the jurisdiction, especially in the international order. And, based on the integrity of the scope of jurisdictional power under the Spanish Constitution, this paper proposes the creation of a true sports jurisdiction that offers consistency to the weak system of submission to the TAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the setup of an art exhibition-intervention carried out with the intention of raising awareness on the role played by libraries in the workplace and in the urban context. A heterogeneous group of individuals of different ages and occupations were invited to participate in a proposal. They were asked to define the notion of "Science" and to provide an object of determined dimensions to materialize their answers. Since the newspaper library is now an online tool, both the space and the magazine racks intended for serial print publications were underused. Thus, this space was remodelled by transforming the out-dated furniture into a place to display art pieces and opinions. The idea continues to be developed as the institution's travelling exhibition (EEZ-CSIC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The libraries of higher education institutions have developed increasingly specialized services over time, thus meeting the needs of institutions and the communities that use them. Among their users are students working on their degree dissertation (TFG). The latter users are in a complex process that involves both an intellectual and an emotional dimension, so support is crucial for successful completion of their dissertations. This paper suggests that the librarian should take part in this process, here under the name of 'library tutorial'. It involves the development of the competences of access, evaluation and critical and ethical use of information. Also, it takes into consideration the students' emotions, which creates an interaction that triggers complex actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the strategic plans introduced by the UEx Library Service by looking closely at the right choices and learning from past mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BookTube is a recent and unknown resource for many people, even if it dates back to 2012 in the Spanish speaking countries. BookTube was launched by 18-25 year-old people who felt the need to comment on literature in a dynamic way and creating a community with similar interests. This paper aims at deepening the knowledge about this phenomenon and creating an identikit picture of potential followers of BookTube. To that end, both a bibliographical review and fieldwork based on 1561 answers obtained from a questionnaire in Twitter have been conducted. This information allows to learn more about the reading habits of Twitter users and the features of BookTube users. A part of the respondents report that they know BookTube, even if they do not follow it regularly. By contrast, most of the respondents who report following it, do not do it weekly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the rapid aging of the Cuban population from an informational perspective. In accordance with the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals, this work contributes to preventing this age group's feeling of exclusion from such an important process as society's digitalization, a fastmoving process in which both family and organizations are responsible for their education. A service for public libraries is proposed, as their social function is to meet their community's needs. This service will contribute to the social well-being as well as to the improvement in the quality of life of our elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the implementation of the new E-Books Commerce Registration system in Uruguay, which allows for the digital registration of the Daily Book and Inventory. This change is in response to regional commitments and aims to improve the services provided by the General Registry Office and the Ministry of Education and Culture in relation to commercial companies and properties. In this first stage, only these two books can be registered through the E-Books system. The procedure requires having a user account on the GRO website and sending the necessary data via email. The implementation of E-Books has economic and environmental benefits, as it allows for remote procedures and reduces the use of paper. It is recommended for companies to invest in training to take advantage of these technological tools. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "HOW TO JOIN THE SUSTAINABLE EVENTS WAVE" offers tips for organizing sustainable events. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing local suppliers and businesses with a social cause. It also mentions the importance of communicating the sustainable actions being carried out and considering the environmental impact of the chosen location. Other aspects to consider include reducing the use of paper, adjusting the amount of food according to actual needs, and donating excess to social organizations. [Extracted from the article]

The research on the visual relationships between public works and the surrounding area has been lately based on the method of making surveys after different images. In this paper, however, we intend to make different notes on the subject based on the testimonies of technicians, designers and philosophers who have analyzed and described the formal and aesthetic links between the engineering work and the physical place where they settle. The visual role of engineering in the territory is studied and redefined throughout the different sections; in the final part of the paper a new classification of the relationship between landscape and public works is proposed, considering the relative location o f the observer and his status as static or dynamic viewer; this coassification can be useful for future research. The last section contains the conclusions of the whole text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focus on the role of the concept of katharsis in The Birth of Tragedy. After briefly describing the interpretative context of the Greek term inherited by Nietzsche and clarifying his position towards this same context, it claims, first, that Nietzsche does not understand katharsis as the suppression of the affects of fear and pity; secondly, that these affects are at the core of the effect of tragedy such as Nietzsche understood it. In order to present these claims, the paper re-examines Bernays' interpretation of Aristotle's understanding of katharsis and elucidates its influence upon the «purely aesthetic» interpretation of the effects of tragedy that Nietzsche puts forward on his first published work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Closely-held companies constitute an essential part of the business sector in Spain. Traditionally the minority shareholders have been subject to expropriation by the controlling shareholders, seeing their right to a return on their investment (dividend) diminished. By bringing into force the Article 384 bis of the Spanish Capital Company Law in January 2017 this situation seems to end. This paper does a study of the article analyzing the most significant strengths and weaknesses and suggesting some possible actions for the future. The most relevant conclusion is the one deduced from the paper's title when observing a law of the pendulum that will require future adjustments in the norm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2005, shortly after ratifying the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), Uruguay began an ambitious tobacco control campaign that brought the country to the global forefront in the fight against smoking. The wide range of measures implemented in a relatively short period and the rigorousness with which policies were implemented and enforced have few precedents, even in the most developed countries. This paper presents a synthesis and update of several papers by the authors that evaluate different aspects of the campaign ten years following ratification of the FCTC. In particular, these research studies highlight the campaign's aggregate impact on the drop in prevalence of current tobacco consumption in adult and youth populations, and on decisions by pregnant women to quit smoking (1, 2), as well as the relative impact of tax policies in relation to non-price tobacco control measures. The analyses are based on observational studies (at the population or individual level) that use external (Argentina and Chile) and internal (nonsmokers) control groups. Pending challenges in the design of antismoking policies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an account of the field of technology and librarians in the last 25 years, from the point of view of companies and business. It also addresses the users' and the society's challenges and demands in view of the upcoming technological changes. This is done via Fesabid's study of the impact of such changes in the field of libraries after the financial recession from 2010 to 2016. This paper also highlights which competences and skills are needed in the librarians' profiles as a result of the digital transformation of the sector. A recommendation for strengthening the field is an alliance between companies and libraries in order to foster not only an improved field but also the creation of a stable framework that may indeed be of mutual interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present Special Volume of the Engineering Magazine corresponds to the third publication of the proceedings of the Research Days of the Faculty of Engineering (JIFI). The JIFI is an activity developed jointly between the Dean's Office of the Faculty and the management of the Institute of Engineering Research (INII). On this occasion, fifteen papers were presented on research projects developed in the schools of Civil Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics, Electrical Engineering, Biosystems Engineering, Architecture, and the INII. The survey conducted revealed that the majority of participants considered the organization to be good and would be willing to participate in future editions of the event. [Extracted from the article]

This paper describes the actions carried out by the COBDCV since 2016 to raise awareness about the key role played by libraries in an ever changing society. The most important aspects here are the professionals' active participation and the process of reflection and visualization of the initial situation as well as a proposal for collaborative work. This proposal has implemented, among other things, a campaign against the default view of libraries as simple books containers or silent places. It also highlights the necessity of compromise and action on the part of society, professionals and, of course, politicians and administrations that must comply with the minimum requirements set by legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's libraries must be open to technological progress and recent social tendencies in the digital era in order to satisfy their users' potential demands. Special attention must be paid to the concerns of the youth, who are permanently connected to the Internet and "by-products", like social networks, which are essential for proper visibility of our public service. Indeed, phenomena emerging from social media such as BookTube and its participants, booktubers and influencers (specially musers), are major allies to connect with the youngest and to help Libraries achieve one of their aims: the promotion of reading habits. Accordingly, this paper describes the meetings of young people and Booktubers held in the "BiMA" Network, the Network of local Libraries of Aljarafe, specifically in Bormujos -2018- and Aznalcázar -2019-. The development of this type of event into part of a comprehensive project for the promotion of reading among the youth via BookTube is also discussed. Our experience in the meetings is described, along with the results of a survey conducted on librarians from the province of Seville. The survey addressed one of the questions raised in the panel discussion on "Brand, Library and Social Media": To what extent can booktubers and influencers contribute to the use of library resources and to the improvement of the Libraries brand image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the history of REBIUN, REd de BIbliotecas UNiversitarias (Uiversity Libraries Network), through its organizational changes. REBIUN's mission and main objectives are presented, along with relevant data and lessons learned throughout its history. Finally, future scenarios are identified through the establishment of new alliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document reviews the main points of the alliances of professional associations in FESABID: first, the very legal nature as a federation, and three key elements such as the representation, autonomy and cooperation; then, other major issues, such as the implementation of (formal and informal) alliances, with emphasis on the field's need for representation for proper identity projection. The paper also reviews a clear example of alliances, cooperation and identity such as the FESABID Cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to address elements of the main measures against economic crime that tend to facilitate evidence issues throughout the process (from the fi rst obtaining of sources of evidence to their evaluation in the courts). To this purpose, we will analyze the new forms of confiscation, in which the use of presumptions is becoming widespread; judicial practice regarding the admissibility of evidence in tax crimes, which has resulted in a new exception to the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence; as well as internal corporate investigations, that lead to a privatization of the obtaining of sources of evidence. Finally, we will deal with the most controversial aspects of illicit enrichment and the possible violation of the presumption of innocence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Placed in the ordinary civil declaratory proceedings, and more specifically, in the moment of the preliminary hearing before the trial, the Law grants the parties the possibility of ruling on the expert opinions presented at the request of the adverse party. The legal regulation barely makes it possible to know what the pronouncement consists of, what precise content it has and what consequences it entails. This paper aims to respond to these questions and others that are opened when trying to develop this procedure in its entiretylaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, fi rst, we analyze the constitutional jurisprudence on the existence of contradictory judicial pronouncements about the same facts, and on the linking of a subsequent process to the declaration of proven facts of a previous process. Secondly, the different preventive techniques established to avoid this contradiction are listed. Third, the relationship between the positive or prejudicial effect of res judicata, and the link to the proven facts of a previous process is exposed. Finally, we reflect on the positive, binding or prejudicial effect of the declaration of proven facts of the criminal judgment in another subsequent proceeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains how the Spanish term «enjuiciamiento», which is the name given to the legal texts that govern civil and criminal procedures in Spain, is a legalbuzzword or neologism created by Pedro Sainz de Andino in the Spanish Commercial Code of 1829 and used for the fi rst time in 1830 as the name of the Act regulating commercial procedures, in a law drafted by him. It furthermore explains the reasons that brought Sainz de Andino, who was a former «Francophile», to not use the name Procedure Act or Procedures Act («Ley de Procedimiento» or «Leyes de Procedimientos»), which clearly sounded French. The legal buzzword or neologism invented by Sainz de Andino gained greater usage thanks to the Spanish Civil Procedure Act («Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil») of 1855, whose main author, Pedro Gómez de la Serna, preferred this term, as its use had become generalised and, at the same time, it helped to show the differences between this legal text and the Instrucción by the Marquis of Gerona, the name of which included the expression «civil procedure» («procedimiento civil») and which had been strongly criticized by Gómez de la Serna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the fact that law and schools share the goal of conservation and improvement of society, this paper links the first (and more specifically its maximum guardian, the Judicial Power), with the second, in order to search the improvement in citizen's legal dispute resolution. Supported by the benefits of existing school mediation (lege data) and overcoming defects of traditional ways of resolving school conflicts, it is configured lege ferenda in a broad sense, as mediation of mediations, understanding that school can and should contribute spreading socially the peaceful and effective settlement of legal conflict. Our proposal is defended deepening in the different elements and premises of school mediation at the time that this mechanism is located within the framework of Diversified jurisdictional law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I will explain how the Feminine Oedipus Complex appears in the couplet, displaying the constellation that surrounds it, around the phallic phase, castration and the work of grieving. As an artistic expression, the couplet, for its dramatism and overwhelming emotivity is a privileged means to the popular expression of intrapsychic conflicts. Taking fragments of several couplets I will try to illustrate how the feminine Oedipus drama has been expressed in the couplet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the works carried out in the project Corredor de Occidente (Honduras) by the technical assistance formed by the TYPSA-AEC consortium. It is a road rehabilitation project, divided into three lots. The Corredor de Occidente connects the second largest city in the country, San Pedro Sula, in the northwest of Honduras, with the international border crossings with Guatemala and El Salvador, and with the Maya Site of Copán Ruinas, recognized by Unesco, as heritage of Humanity since 1980. The road safety factor has been very present during the three years of duration of the project, through the application of road safety audits during the construction phase, as well as through advisory works for the improvement of the management of road safety in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of waste for the construction and rehabilitation of roads, is a strategy to be boosted to stablish regional industrial symbiosis agreements that can support companies to gain competitiveness and reduce the environmental impact associated to their day to day business activity. This article summarizes particular exemples to generate on one hand circular economy models using waste from the pulp and paper industry for soil stabilization, steel slags and foundry sands for asphalt concrete manufacturing, C&DW for the construction of granular sub-bases and on the other to validate the use of renewable materials for pavements construction (bio-polymers like lignin for the production of polymer modified bitumen and bio-rejuvenator agents to enhance asphalt concrete workability and increase the use of reclaimed asphalt pavements or RAP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the Spanish Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights case law evolution regarding double jeopardy in cases in which people are prosecuted twice, criminally and civilly (administrative). Such apothegm of canonical origin, includes two different fundamental rights: First, traditional “substantive” approach which seeks to protect people from being criminally punished twice. Second, the more recent “procedural” approach to non bis in idem is structured from a regulating configuration in the sense defended by authors like SCHAUER and LAPORTA and whose foundation is in legal security. From this approach, non bis in idem protects people from being prosecuted twice. This research provides arguments opposed to the approach that the Spanish Constitutional Court follows, today partially shared with the European Court of Human Rights after its judgement from 15 November 2016, case A and B v. Norway, where the Court corrects its previous doctrine based on the judgment of the Grand Chamber, Sergueï Zolotoukhine case v. Russia, from 10 February 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Spanish procedural regulation regarding reinstatement or return of minor in cases in which children have been illegally transferred or detained from a third State to Spain. Even I examine the whole proceedings, some the particularities of this special proceeding are emphasized. Two fundamental aspects are pointed out. In the first place, we need to keep in mind that this special proceeding is ruled as a result of the assumption by Spain of international obligations. This issue conditions the procedural design. Secondly, this first characteristic entails the need to provide a specific regulation. Nonetheless, these regulations must be read together with the general provisions of the Spanish Civil Procedure Code. As consequence, I have detected gaps and some interpretative doubts have emerged. I conclude that they should be resolved in accordance with the informative principles of this type of proceedings, specially, according to the best interests of the child and the need for prompt justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at showing the areas of coincidence and dissidence between the Spanish and Italian languages and the possible consequences that the contrastive factor has on the possibility of intercomprehension and on the perspective of learning both as foreign languages. The topics of intercomprehension and the learning of foreign languages are associated not only with the concepts enunciated by Umberto Eco for Romance languages, but also with languages with less structural affinity. Our focus is the pragmatic distinctions beyond structural similarities and differences, arguing that the problem of the distance and proximity of two languages is centered on cultural heritage, rather than being strictly linguistic. To this end we provide didactic resources verified in university experience which can serve to channel and make explicit the intercultural experiences of future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the instructions embedded in the meaning of the evidential points of view materialized by the encontrar [find] + direct object + objective predicative structure and by different tenses (conditional, imperfect, morphological future and periphrastic future) in Spanish. Besides, to show similarities and divergences between Spanish and French on this topic, translations of those structures into the latter language are proposed. The corpus is composed by actual statements taken from the CREA and Internet news portals. The theoreticalmethodological framework is provided by the Dialogical Approach to Argumentation and Polyphony, which, unlike referentialist and cognitivist perspectives of evidentiality, characterizes the evidential meaning in relation to the dialogical and polyphonic-argumentative representation posed by the enunciation regarding the discursive cause that triggers it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to provide ideas and thoughts for improving, with the means available today in the market and with current machinery, the performance and durability characteristics of paving based on concrete examples in each and every one of the development phases of the works site, from the preparation stage to execution or conservation, etc. This paper seeks to show the current possibilities for building safer and more durable roads. From a futuristic viewpoint perhaps, because no roadworks in the world have so far been undertaken in this way; however, reckoning with all possibilities in existence today and acting in each and every one of the paving process stages, we can ultimately arrive at the ideal works or the Asphalt 4.0 concept in the works development stages described in this text. The goal of this article is to promote substantial improvements in the way road networks are managed, based on concrete ideas from the bitumen mix manufacturing industry that Asefma represents in Spain, to take a giant leap forward in collaborating with the Administrations responsible for the road networks in Spain and thus contribute to better-performing, more durable asphalt paving than what we currently have. The aim of this publication is not to be descriptive in terms of the capabilities provided by the new existing machinery or the characteristics of the new devices and sensors for paving works; rather, it focuses on the possibilities offered by this new machinery in collaboration with current digital technology. Nor does it seek to be specific in the details of the use made of the machinery, which are far better described in Asefma's monographs listed in the bibliography at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the value of highway travel time information systems. This is achieved by using notions of expected utility theory to develop a departure time selection and route choice model. The model assumes that every driver has a level of accepted lateness for his trip and some perceived knowledge of the travel times on the route. Only these two inputs support his decisions. The results of the model are used to compute the unreliability costs of the trip (i.e. scheduling costs and stress) and to obtain the benefits of real-time information systems. Results show that travel time information only has a significant value when there is an important scheduled activity at destination (e.g. morning commute trips), in case of total uncertainty about the conditions of the trip (e.g. sporadic trips), or when more than one route is possible. Systems with very high accuracy are not in better terms. The paper also highlights that the value of the information may not benefit only the user, but all drivers, even those without information. This social benefit of information reduces the marginal benefit of being informed (i.e. the user benefit). While this reduction of the social costs can be a policy objective, there is no reason to expect individuals to pay out-of-pocket for travel time information, beyond the user value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the 2003 meeting of the Directing Council of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the PAHO Member States issued a mandate to strengthen primary health care (Resolution CD44.R6). The mandate led in 2005 to the document "Renewing Primary Health Care in the Americas. A Position Paper of the Pan American Health Organization/WHO [World Health Organization]," and it culminated in the Declaration of Montevideo, an agreement among the governments of the Region of the Americas to renew their commitment to primary health care (PHC). Scientific data have shown that PHC, regarded as the basis of all the health systems in the Region, is a key component of effective health systems and can be adapted to the range of diverse social, cultural, and economic conditions that exist. The new, global health paradigm has given rise to changes in the population's health care needs. Health services and systems must adapt to address these changes. Building on the legacy of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, held in 1978 in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), PAHO proposes a group of strategies critical to adopting PHC-based health care systems based on the principles of equity, solidarity, and the right to the highest possible standard of health. The main objective of the strategies is to develop and/or strengthen PHC-based health systems in the entire Region of the Americas. A substantial effort will be required on the part of health professionals, citizens, governments, associations, and agencies. This document explains the strategies that must be employed at the national, subregional, regional, and global levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the Dynamic Speed Limit (DSL) experiment that took place in June 2013 on the last 13 km stretch of B-23 freeway accessing Barcelona. The DSL system installed on that freeway in addition to the high density of surveillance equipment available makes this stretch a suitable highway tab. The objective of the experiment was to construct a comprehensive database when different speed limits apply. Detailed measurements of speed, vehicle count, occupancy, lane changing activity and travel time were taken. These simultaneous measurements obtained from very different types of monitoring equipment have been grouped into a single database. This comprehensive DSL database, unique in its nature, is made publicly available to the whole research community. The paper describes in detail the experiment and presents some preliminary results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On paper, no one doubts the significance that lines the motivation, at the same time, (judicial) duty and right (for the defendant). However, in practice, often one can encounter cases of merely apparent motivation -formal-, but that does not withstand rigorous critical analysis and cannot be identified with a real motivation -material-. Possible causes for this phenomenon obeying are explored in this paper. And, among all of them, it has been chosen, as an object of this study, the absence of clear standards and targets to respond to the questions «what is there to motivate?» and «how much (or how intensely) should be motivated a decision of this kind?» A few guiding rules are proposed, in order to provide an answer to both questions. Upon these bases, it is reviewed the most common type of deficits in justification, in forensic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directors' compensation is a particularly relevant subject today. This paper studies the difference between Directors' remuneration in the banks and in the equivalent positions in other sectors, as well as an analysis of the relationship between the ROE of the companies with the variable income of their Directors. This paper, using Spanish listed enterprises as a sample, clearly concludes that bank Directors' compensation is superior in all aspects except for allowances and that the ROEs are not related to the variable income, being this due more to other variables such as size or if it is a bank or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to analyze, quantitatively, the contiguity relations that are established among the words appearing in the individual lists from which the lexical availability glossaries are created. To do so, a contiguity index has been developed; it allows measuring the relevance of the association between two given words when they appear together in the above mentioned lists. The paper shows the calculation of this index and offers a way to graphically represent the net of words that derives from the analysis of the individual lists of a given center of interest. The corpus that has been used for the calculation is the Léxico Disponible de la Comunidad the Madrid, which surveyed 600 informants on 20 centers of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second rule of the article 209 of the Spanish Civil Procedural Law states that the account of proven facts of the civil proceedings must be contained in the pleas of facts of the judgment. The apparent clarity of the rule seems to have been lost as a result of having included the expression «where appropriate» after the mention of the proven facts at the end of the second rule of the aforementioned provision. The dust that once was lifted following the interpretation because of the mentioned locution has not been clarified yet. The main purpose of this paper is to state if that problem really exists. Regardless of the outcome of the previous study, all the most controversial papers about this matter will be analyzed. As an addendum, a proposition of lege ferenda, aimed to improve the wording of the Article, and especially, to provide more importance to the proved facts will be made. Finally, two practical issues of the consignation of the results of the ruling of facts in the judgment will be also taken into account. Specifically, how to state it and the legal consequences of its failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodology used for the classification of the public bus transportation networks in Costa Rica. To identify bus routes with fare inconsistency, that affect groups who depend on public transit, smaller groups with similar operational characteristics were created. Due to the lack of information of the public bus transportation network variables, the clustering was made with the most complete characteristics in terms of information availability: location, structure, length and terrain slope. The method consists in the combination of the smaller groups within each variable, with a specific hierarchy, to group the routes with similar characteristics and to simplify the identification of singular routes in terms of fare. As a result, the homogeneity of the smaller groups increases compared to the whole network, as shown in the variables dispersion. The grouping could help identify outliers within the route clusters, being the operational characteristics the ones to address to intervene fare issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the problems arising from the introduction and subsequent admissibility of the evidence and investigative measure derived from a European Investigation Order that has been issued by a Spanish judge with the purpose of incorporating its result into the Spanish criminal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the problems that may arise from the issuance, by a Spanish criminal judge, of a European Investigation Order to request evidence and/or investigative measures from another Member State of the European Union, with the purpose of incorporating them later to the Spanish criminal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]