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The current study examines the interpretations of eight English-Arabic labels for food products found in the Saudi market. The study of translations is examined with regard to the translation techniques utilized under Venuti's concepts of domestication and foreignization. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the common translation techniques employed for food product labels and aims to assess if these methods align with Venuti's favored approach of foreignization. Furthermore, it investigates whether these techniques have led to the original message being altered or not. This study conducts a quantitative analysis that compares various aspects. Calculations are conducted on the frequencies and percentages of techniques identified to obtain accurate statistical results. The findings reveal that foreignization is emphasized by the extensive use of literal translation, with transliteration, borrowing, and non-translation being comparatively less frequent in the translation of the studies' food product labels. Techniques under the domestication strategy include transposition as the most frequently used, followed by adaptation, and addition and omission are both used equally, with the least frequently used techniques falling under domestication. The study also determines that the effectiveness of techniques categorized as foreignization and domestication varies in the corpus analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aphorisms are unique literary works known for their memorability, concision, and ambiguity. They have an information structure divided into theme (known information) and rheme (new information), with the "unmarked topical theme" playing a crucial role. This study examines the impact of translation techniques on these unmarked topical themes and their influence on translation quality, focusing on an unexplored area in Arabic discourse. The research design is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected from the aphoristic text of Al-Hikam in Arabic (L1) and its translations into Indonesian (L2a) and Javanese (L2b). The research problems addressed are: (1) What translation techniques do translators employ when dealing with the "unmarked topical theme" in Al-Hikam's aphoristic text? Do translators favor the source language or the target language? (2) How can the translation of unmarked topical themes in Al-Hikam's aphorisms be assessed in terms of accuracy, readability, and acceptability?. The study finds that translation techniques, including conventional equivalent, compensation, modulation, and reduction, significantly impact the translation quality of unmarked topical themes. The conventional equivalent technique is particularly effective in maintaining the position of the unmarked topical theme from the source language to the target language. This research contributes to developing an Arabic translation model based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) analysis. It also provides a comparative analysis of the distinctive discourse topic development elements in Arabic, Indonesian, and Javanese texts, highlighting the implications of various translation techniques on the quality of aphoristic translations.

Translation acts as a bridge for knowledge transfer. Translators must be well-versed in translation, including translation techniques. In this study, we will explore which translation techniques are used in Al-Ushul Ats-Tsalatsah’s translation, according to Molina and Albir's theory, and which translation techniques are most frequently used. The aspiration is that the outcomes of this study can offer valuable insights to translators and researchers specializing in Arabic language, aiding them in choosing translation techniques for religious texts with the goal of reducing confusion in the translation process. This study employs descriptive qualitative research methods. From the examination of 170 pieces of data, the translator used 13 of the 18 translation procedures suggested by Molina and Albir, with a total frequency of use of 215 times. These techniques include: (1) amplification, (2) transposition, (3) borrowing, (4) literal translation, (5) linguistic compression, (6) established equivalent, (7) linguistic amplification, (8) particularization, (9) reduction, (10) description, (11) calque, (12) generalization, and (13) modulation. The amplification is the most commonly used since certain terms and information in the SL text that cannot be effectively understood unless they are complemented by additional information according to its function.

The crucial role of titles for introducing and marketing entertainment products such as feature films is undeniable and stems from the need to motivate potential audiences to make a specific effort and invest their time and money in order to see a movie. In the world of today with its comforts and availability of entertainment at people`s fingertips, it requires a specific effort on the part of entertainment creators to make people leave the comfort of their homes and commit to the process of “going to the movies”. This places a specific expectation on feature films that they should be something special, there should be more to them than what other forms of entertainment (such as TV, social media content or streaming platforms) offer - a good movie is an experience. For the audience, the starting point of that entire experience is the title - it introduces, labels and brings together the entire production, it creates the first impression. The title is a pivoting point for the entire marketing campaign of the movie as a product and needs to fit appropriately with the rest of the production in order to have the desired strong impact - and to hopefully become a household name, or gain an “iconic” status and bring with it an entire franchise to further capitalize on the success of the initial product. Furthermore, in order to maximize profit, these entertainment products need to be marketed to as many markets as possible, to as many countries, cultures and languages as possible and for this purpose the title of the production needs to be rendered, translated into the target language of the receiving audiences. This process involves specific strategies, methods and techniques which are multifaceted and are not only linguistic in nature, but also stem from the theory and practice of marketing and advertising. The purpose of the present study is to take a look into the specific ways in which these marketing and advertising strategies are reflected in the actual final product of the title`s translation - i.e., the actual translation techniques observable in the translated titles of these animated feature films. The article provides a descriptive analysis of the sets of translation techniques employed in the rendering of titles of animated feature films from the original English to the Bulgarian and Russian, respectively. More specifically, the study is dedicated to the titles of the animated films produced by Blue Sky Studios and attempts to delineate the specific techniques employed based on the actual existing translations of the titles. For this purpose a corpus has been created containing 39 units of analysis - all 13 original titles and their Bulgarian and Russian translations of films produced b the studio which have been marketed to Bulgarian and Russian theater audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDespite a growing body of literature on performance goals and learning, limited studies have explored their influence on English translation education within the context of Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL). To address this gap, this study developed a DGBL system to assist students in learning English translation techniques, and compared the effects of students’ different performance goal orientations (performance-approach versus performance-avoidance goals) on their learning performance, in-game performance, self-efficacy, fear of failure, and learning perceptions. The participants were 56 university students, who were divided into a performance-approach group (PAPG) and a performance-avoidance group (PAVG). The study used quantitative analysis with data from English translation technique tests, log data from gaming sessions, and three questionnaires. It was found that the PAPG exhibited significant improvements in relatively difficult translation techniques (i.e., conversion), while the PAVG showed notable improvements in relatively simple translation techniques (i.e., polysemy). Furthermore, the PAPG outperformed the PAVG in in-game performance related to polysemy. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of performance goal orientations on both learning and in-game performance in English translation education, particularly within the context of DGBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation is crucial in cross-cultural communication, especially in today's globalized world. Understanding translation techniques, such as the Molina-Albir technique, is key to producing high-quality translations. This study aims to evaluate the understanding and application of Molina-Albir translation techniques among English Literature students at Bina Sarana Informatics University. This descriptive qualitative research involves observing and analyzing the translation work of peers. It focuses on students in class 33.6A during the Even Period of 2022-2023, who will analyze their classmates' translations based on detailed instructions. Data is analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, with results validated by researchers and/or lecturers. The study found that 68% of students had a fair to very good understanding of Molina-Albir techniques, while many scored below 60%. Key issues included misidentification of techniques such as amplification, modulation, and adaptation, indicating a need for improved teaching methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The way taboos are translated can be controversial as it can depend on the characteristics of the communicative act related to the speakers’ context, culture, age and idiolect. However, we could generalise that some taboos can cause a strong reaction to the audience in the context of audiovisual translation (AVT), and some of them are particularly delicate to address, as is the case of religious references. Subtitlers are responsible for transferring the source text (ST) into a target text (TT) in the form of subtitles. In the case of Spain, whether or not the resulting subtitles are more or less faithful to the original cannot be said to be the result of censorship nowadays. However, phrases such as “Jesus fucking Christ” can pose a challenge to the professional, who must consider the best option to render the full impact of its contextual load. The result, for example, can vary from abiding by the rules of what can be considered politically correct, not being fully faithful to the ST or, by contrast, transferring some offensive or taboo load to the TT in the form of a (non-)religious phrase. On streaming platforms in Spain, these expressions tend to be compensated by other offensive phrases which avoid the direct insult to “God” or “Jesus Christ” (Ávila-Cabrera 2020), thereby resorting to ideological manipulation (Díaz Cintas 2012). The present study analyses the series Succession (Jesse Armstrong 2018–2023), season 3, and its subtitled version into Spanish, broadcast by HBO España (Spain). Based on a Descriptive Translation Studies approach (Toury 2012) and following Ávila-Cabrera’s (2023b) taxonomy of translation techniques, our initial hypothesis is that religious references are usually subtitled in a neutralised or offensive way, the latter excluding the direct reference to the religious figure. This paper aims to show the way that religious references in this TV series have been subtitled into Spanish for the Spanish audience from a linguistic approach, contributing to enriching the literature on AVT and religious phrases as taboo elements.

Статья посвящена сравнительно малоизученному аспекту истории переводов советской литературы на английский язык, а именно деятельности одного из переводчиков, сотрудничавших с советскими издательствами, публиковавшими переводы отечественной литературы на иностранные языки. В связи с непосредственной темой исследования в статье проанализированы способы передачи советизмов в английском переводе романа Виля Липатова «И это всё о нём», выполненном Алексом Миллером и опубликованном в 1983 г. советским издательством «Радуга». Авторы обсуждают специфику советизмов как реалий, их трактовку в советской и постсоветской лингвистике и теории перевода, способы их передачи применительно к их тематическим группам. Показаны также особенности подхода А. Миллера к передаче советизмов, позволяющие оценить влияние на него советской школы перевода.

Introduction: Audio description (AD) enables access to blind/low vision audiences by translating visual content into narrated descriptions. This study examines AD translation approaches for the Oscar-winning animated short Feast.Methods: Chinese and English AD scripts from Feast were analyzed to compare priorities in content selection and patterns in translation techniques.Results: Both versions prioritized graphics and dynamic symbols when deciding what to translate. Shared translation techniques included compensation, iconic description, and substitution. Differences emerged with more reduction, adaptation, and technical descriptions in the Chinese AD, versus more generalization in the English AD.Discussion: Disparities highlight the linguistic and cultural factors integral to effective AD translation.Implications: This analysis offers practical customization guidelines for AD providers and theoretical insights into intersemiotic translation complexity. Further comparative research could support tailored AD practices and accessibility for diverse global audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correct understanding and accurate interpretation of the verses in which the terms of religious sciences are mentioned is of great importance both in terms of the science of Tafsir and in terms of Qur'an translation techniques. For example, there is often difficulty in understanding Qur'anic concepts that have become terms in basic Islamic sciences, such as faith, kufr, verse, Qur'an, salāt, zakat, qibla, etc.; these words are usually retracted in the translations to the meanings they have acquired in post-Qur'anic scientific disciplines. In order to overcome this difficulty, the secular root meanings of words that have become terminology in disciplines such as Kalam, Sufism and Fiqh should be determined well from the main sources and the context of the verses in which they are found should be paid attention to. It is certain that comprehension and translation activities carried out without following this procedure will mislead the readers of the Quran and its commentary and have a negative impact on the meaning of the Quran. Readers of the Meal (translations) may think that they are reading the Word of Allah, but they may run the risk of reading the personal understandings and clannish mistakes of some of the authors of the translations. It is seen that the mentioned problem is also experienced in anfus (أنْفُس) compositions. The fact that anfus is the plural of the word nafs, widely used in Islamic thought, further reinforces the difficulty. Therefore, the article is to try to clarify the meanings of anfus and related compounds. The focus of the article is that the concept of "self" is different for the individual and the society. As the plural of nafs, which refers to "the human being himself", anfus refers to "the addressee group of individuals itself", but the various attitudes of the relevant society towards "itself" can turn into the attitudes of the members of that society towards "each other" according to the content of the verse in which it is mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the translation of Manner-of-motion in a Swedish>Spanish parallel corpus of crime novels by Henning Mankell (and more specifically, a selection of the Wallander series). Since Swedish is a satellite-framed language, while Spanish is a verb-framed language, the aim of the research is to identify translation techniques adapted to the issue of translating Manner-of-motion in an intertypological translation scenario. The results of this study are compared with previous research on the topic, which has focused mainly on general prose fiction and fiction for children and young adults. Our findings confirm that Manner-of-motion is omitted to a great extent in the Spanish translations, compared with the original texts in Swedish. Moreover, some differences are encountered in the translation of original fragments, including general and specific Manner-of-motion verbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims at analyzing translation techniques used by the translator in translating the booklet "West Java Calendar of Event 2020" from Indonesian into English. This booklet is published by the Department of Tourism and Culture, West Java. Specifically, this research highlights the translation of culturally bound terms in the booklet. The researchers are interested in analyzing this topic because cultural-bound terms are considered challenging to translate; the translators must understand the cultural background of the languages they are translating. Moreover, it is not likely that translators can find one-to-one correspondence for each cultural term in the text. This study applies a descriptive qualitative method since the data are in the form of text and the researchers also play a role as the key instrument in collecting the data, in this case through document examination. In this research, total sampling technique is applied since the researchers take all of the culturally bound terms in the booklet. The research begins with collecting the cultural terms from the booklet, classifying them into cultural terms categories based on Newmark's theory of cultural category, and determining the translation techniques based on Molina and Albir's theory. The result shows that the translator mainly employs borrowing, amplification, description, and established equivalent techniques. There is a tendency that the translator prefers those techniques because it is hard for the translator to find one-to-one correspondence of the terms in the target language. Hopefully, this research will be beneficial for translators in deciding the proper translation techniques in translating cultural terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Термин «безэквивалентная лексика» (БЭЛ) объединяет культурно-специфичные единицы, которые невозможно выразить на иностранном языке с помощью точного соответствия. Вместе с тем существует ряд приемов, позволяющих приблизить понимание иностранным реципиентом таких единиц. Соотнесение приемов перевода со стратегиями доместикации или форенизации позволяет оценить воспроизведение национально-культурного компонента в конкретном переводном тексте. Актуальность работы определяется важностью адекватной передачи безэквивалентной лексики при переводе текстов художественных произведений. Цель – выявление особенностей перевода безэквивалентной лексики на материале переводов романа И. Ильфа и Е. Петрова «Золотой теленок» на английский язык. Материалами исследования послужил оригинальный текст романа И. Ильфа и Е. Петрова «Золотой теленок», а также четыре его англоязычных перевода (1931–2009). В качестве методов применялись общенаучные методы анализа, синтеза и обобщения, а также частнонаучные методы описания и сопоставления, наряду с методом стилистического анализа текста. Безэквивалентная лексика в романе «Золотой теленок», действие которого происходит в период интенсивного формирования лексикона новой формации на фоне еще незабытых реалий царской России, представлена классами советизмов, наименований предметов и явлений традиционного быта, слов нерусского происхождения, историзмов, лексики фразеологических единиц, жаргонизмов и диалектизмов, фольклоризмов, а также авторских неологизмов. Сопоставительный анализ передачи данных групп БЭЛ в четырех англоязычных версиях позволяет говорить о методах, преимущественно использованных каждым из переводчиков для передачи культурной-исторической привязки исследуемого текста. Наиболее частотными оказались приемы описательного и приближенного перевода; далее следуют приемы гипонимического перевода и калькирования, а наименее популярным оказался прием перераспределения значения. Опущения в основном присущи ранним переводам романа (Ч. Маламут, Дж. Ричардсон); в версии К. Гуревича и Х. Андерсон преобладают приемы приближенного, описательного и гипонимического перевода; Э. Фишер, наряду с вышеописанным, также использует калькирование и дополняет текст переводческими комментариями. Соотнесение использованных приемов перевода БЭЛ со стратегиями форенизации и доместикации позволяет говорить о преобладании последней во всех изученных текстах; наиболее культурно-специфичной («форенизированной») оказалась версия Э. Фишер, а наиболее приближенным к реципиенту («доместицированным») – перевод К. Гуревича и Х. Андерсон.

Due to the increase of the importance of translation in the modern world, the profession of translator has gained some popularity — especially among those who study foreign languages. The article discusses the role of translation in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language, where translation is suggested as the fifth language skill (following speaking, writing, etc). The possibilities for the development of translation competence together with the role of didactic translation in a Ukrainian class for foreign language learners have been analyzed herein. Moreover, the article presents some methodological recommendations for a variety of text types as well as a choice of useful translation exercises for teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language.

In this article we analyzed the translations into English of the categories of bottoms and tops present in two works by Reinaldo Arenas: Before Night Falls, translated by Dolores Koch, and The Color of Summer, by Andrew Hurley. To this end, we use the translation techniques proposed by Lucía Molina and Amparo Hurtado Albir (2002), and the translation methods proposed by Marti Ferriol (2006), following the new classification by Ericka Vargas Castro (2022). This is discussed in light of a theoretical framework that includes gender, with concepts as Judith Butler's (2009) performativity and precarity, or Pierre Bourdieu's (1998) paradox of the doxa, as well as the Cuban sociopolitical perspective. It is concluded that three techniques are the most used: the literal translation, the established equivalent, and the discursive creation. Finally, this discussion concerning gender, political regime, and translation might lead to the proposal of consistent translations of sex/gender designations in the work by Arenas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lenguaje is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HIKMA: Revista de Traducción is the property of UCOPRESS Editorial Universidad de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to describe the types of interrogative sentences in The Spongebob Movie: Sponge on The Run, translation techniques, and the quality of the translation results. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research are as follows: Based on the translation, interrogative sentences are divided into two types: translations without a shift of 137 data and translations with a shift of 20 data. In this research, it was found that 16 of the 18 translation techniques in the Molina & Albir version were dominated by common equivalent techniques, namely 187 data (41%) in TL 1 and 245 data (46%) in TL 2. Of the 157 data, 113 quality data were found in EnglishIndonesian dubbing with a score of 2.73 and 115 data in English-Arabic with a score of 2.69. So, the quality results of the dubbing translation of EnglishIndonesian and English-Arabic question sentences are included in the excellent category. It can be concluded that shifts and translation techniques influence the results of translation quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article focuses on a descriptive analysis of the translation techniques employed in the rendering of the titles of Walt Disney Animation Studios feature films from English into Bulgarian and Russian, respectively. Titles have been selected as an appropriate subject for research due to the integral role they play in the initial presentation of film products and the first impression audiences receive. The fact that feature films are marketing products intended to sell internationally and bring in profit based on the interest of the public is also relevant here - it underscores the importance of making adequate choices in selecting a title and, subsequently, in rendering that very title into a number of foreign languages in order to reach the widest possible audience, while still remaining on-brand and recognizable. It is considered as potentially beneficial to study the practices of the most popular and successful production studios and their approach to dealing with the translation of titles into various languages as it may point out particular meaningful tendencies and elucidate the process of translation through an analysis and observation of the product it has rendered. The present article acknowledges the existing incongruence in matters of terminology and approach between the different schools of translation as outlined by Sirakova and Michev (2015), Harmon (2019) and Gambier (2018), to name but a few. This ambiguity does not only exist between the Western-centered (European and American, represented by scholars such as Vinay and Darbelnet, Urtado Albir and Molina Martinez, Nida, Newmark, Chesterman, etc.) tradition and the Russian-centered one (represented by theoreticians such as Retsker, Barhudarov, Komissarov, Latishev, Alekseeva etc.), but is also visible in the terminological differences existing among the works of authors seemingly belonging to the same school or tradition. In light of this multitude of theoretical framework and apparatus options and the existing limitations in terms of time and volume, the present paper offers an observation and analysis based on the propositions of Albir and Molina who distinguish clearly between translation strategies and translation techniques. According to this framework, translation strategies are employed in the translation process and are therefore not directly observable in research based on corpus data, whereas translation techniques are the visible result of the translation process and can be identified in the product of translation, i.e., in the titles comprising the corpus. The study itself is based on a specially-created corpus encompassing the 45 titles (original and translated) of all 15 full-length animated feature films produced by the Walt Disney Animation Studios which have been presented in cinemas in Bulgaria and Russia since 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify the reduplications and onomatopoeic formations in the short story titled “Değirmen” (The Mill) by Sabahattin Ali as well as find out the translation techniques in translations of these linguistic items from a semantic perspective. Since Turkish and English are different from each other in their morphological and cultural aspects, the former aspect affecting the construction of reduplications and the latter one shaping the formation of onomatopoeia, a literary translator faced with such linguistic items would encounter problems in translation. Even if the structural aspects are disrelated between these two languages, a thorough command of translation techniques accompanied by the potential results of the choice of these techniques could help literary translators greatly. As a result of the evaluation of the English translations of the twenty-one source reduplications and nine source onomatopoeic formations in two target texts, it is found that 88.33% of those linguistic items are translated within their field of meaning or preserved meaning-wise. In the light of these findings, it is concluded that the tension arising from the morphological and cultural discrepancy between the source and target languages is not insurmountable for literary translators as long as the their decisions are based on the semantic results of their choices in the act of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Figurative language is a way to captivate readers, expressed through writing in a more creative style. This research aims to find out and compare the translation techniques used by Sapardi Djoko Damono and Dian Vita Ellyati to translate similes and metaphors in The Old Man and The Sea Novel and their effect on the quality of the translation. This research used a descriptive qualitative method that employed a sampling technique. The research data are similes and metaphors from The Old Man and the Sea and its two Indonesian translations. This research collects data from document analysis, questionnaires, and focus group discussions. This research shows that translation techniques used in similes and metaphors have different impacts on the translation quality in both versions. The final result of the calculation shows that version A has a final translation quality score of 2.42, while version B has a final quality score of 2.54. The findings highlight the importance of carefully considering and selecting appropriate techniques to convey figurative language in translated works effectively. Future research in this field could focus on exploring additional translation strategies for other forms of figurative language, investigating the preferences, and examining the influence of cultural context on the translation process.

The article discusses translation techniques applied in the translation of culture-specific concepts in the description text of Museum Wayang dan Artefak Purbalingga. Culture-specific concept is one of the common types of non-equivalence at word level resulted from the absence of cultural concepts in the target language. To cope with this problem, a translator is provided with translation techniques proposed by many translation scholars. This research applied the theory of translation techniques proposed by Molina and Albir. Based on the analysis, the most frequently-used technique is borrowing technique. The technique is relatively common to apply in translating culturally-bound terms that do not have one-to-one correspondence. The most common non-equivalence problem at word level to find is problem of culture-specific concepts. It is because the text describes the puppets displayed there, and to be more specific, puppets are parts of Indonesian culture, a precious cultural heritage. Therefore, many culturally-bound words or terms are kept original.

Background. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the translation of slangisms in Anna Todd’s novel After. The authors define slang as fragile, unstable, non-codified, and often completely random collections of lexemes that exist in the colloquial sphere, reflecting the public consciousness of people belonging to a certain social or professional environment. Slangisms are units of the lexical and phraseological system of slang used in popular oral and written speech. This article compares the translations of the novel After by the modern American writer A. Todd into Russian. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the translation of slangisms on the example of official and unofficial (amateur) translations of A. Todd’s novel After. Materials and methods. The material of the study is A. Todd’s novel After, its official translation by M. Belyakov and an unofficial translation taken from the Ficbook.com website, performed by an amateur translator. During the study, a set of complementary research methods was used: theoretical analysis of scientific research on the problem, continuous sampling method, analysis and interpretation of the results obtained. Results. Based on the analysis of the corpus of examples, it was revealed that when translating slangisms in A. Todd’s novel After, such translation techniques as variant correspondence, semantic development, and contextual translation were most often used. When translating slangisms, translators considered such factors as the age, social and personal qualities of the characters, as well as the unique style of the author’s language.

Newer and newer Bible translations from original languages tend to appear regularly. Their authors pursue a plethora of strategies, from interlinear to philological to dynamic ones, taking as the source text not only the Hebrew, but also the Greek canon. Since the 1980s, the books of the Greek Bible have been translated into German, English, Italian, Spanish and French; ten years ago, this group was comple­mented by the Polish rendering made by Rev. Prof. Remigiusz Popowski. Though enthusiastically received, the text was not much researched. This article is intended to make up for this paucity and present the Polish text of the Septuagint from the perspective of its bibliological process and that of descriptive translation studies: a brief account of its historical background, the author of the translation, a record of editions and the significance for the Polish biblical milieu is followed by a closer analysis and exemplification of strate­gies and techniques adopted by the author.

AbstractLiterary translation has been widely discussed in modern translation studies because it presents diverse problems, including linguistic and cultural aspects so inherent during the translation process. The mistranslation of socio-cultural expressions is one such issue. This study investigates and analyses the techniques used in translating the Arabic socio-cultural expressions that appear in Ibrahim al-Koni’s Nazi:f al-Hajar, which was published in 1992; and its English translation, The Bleeding of the Stone, published in 2002 by May Jayyusi and Christopher Tingley. In the study, a comparison between the source text (Arabic) and the target text (English) was undertaken to observe the quality of the translation via adopting House’s (1997) model for translation quality assessment, and thereby identify the techniques being used. Some problems were noted in the translation of Arabic socio-cultural expressions into English. These problems were attributed to the cultural differences between Arabic and English, as evidenced by the unrecognisability of certain socio-cultural expressions in the source language and their nonexistence in the receptor culture, as well as the non-use of certain translation techniques.

The treatment of insults –understood as words within offensive language whose function is hurting the addressee's feelings (Ávila-Cabrera, 2016)– in audiovisual translation (AVT) always poses a challenge to audiovisual translators: because of the semantic/pragmatic load these terms have in the source text (ST), the effect caused in the target text (TT) and culture, and because of the difficulty in transferring them in an idiomatic way. Certain formulas do not always maintain the effect that some words have in the ST. In addition, the translation techniques used may not even be faithful to the original dialogue exchanges. This paper aims to analyse all the insults uttered in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (Tarantino, 2019), and in its dubbed and subtitled versions into European Spanish. In order to do so, I will pay particular attention to the speaker's intention (Grice, 1969), whether the insults found in the ST can be viewed as examples of friendly banter or whether, by contrast, the speaker's intention was offending. Ávila-Cabrera's (2023) taxonomy of translation techniques will be used to delve into the manner in which insults were translated to the TT to determine whether or not the semantic/pragmatic load of these terms is transferred (being toned up, maintained or toned down) or not (being neutralised or omitted). The point of departure of this case study resorts to the initial hypothesis that dubbing transfers more insults into European Spanish than subtitling due to the technical features of the former. The aims of the study are: to determine (1) how faithful the dubbed and subtitled version insults were towards the ST, that is, whether or not the load of the insults is transferred to the TT and to what degree; (2) which AVT mode transfers the greatest number of insults to the TT; (3) if the insults transferred had the intention of offending or not; and (4) if the insults tend to foreignisation or domestication. In order to do so, a multidisciplinary methodology will be used based on a descriptive translation studies (DTS) and pragmatics approach. • Dubbing and subtitling transfer insults to European Spanish mostly faithfully. • Dubbing has slightly transferred more insults than subtitling. • The function of insults depends on its linguistic form, sociopragmatics and context. • Insults aimed at offending have been present in the TT closely in both AVT modes. • The audio and visual channels help distinguish insults as offence vs. friendly banter. • The same professional did the dubbing and subtitling, hence the similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article offers a description and analysis of the various techniques used in the translation of Pixar animated feature film titles from English into Bulgarian and Russian. The fact that titles play an integral role in the initial presentation of a product and in the establishing of expectations in the target audience is well established. In this sense, the analysis of the existing practices in the translation and re-contextualization of a particular title into different languages and the potential motivation behind such choices is expected to be of interest for a broad audience - ranging from the common (or even keen) fans of animated movies, through marketing and advertising specialists, all the way to researchers in the fields of translation theory and practice, media- and culture studies. In terms of the historically established concurrent traditions in the field of translation in Western Europe and USA on the one hand and Russia on the other, Sirakova and Michev (2015) offer a summary of the different approaches and classifications. The theoretical aspects of terminological variability is an interesting issue as well, explored by and Harmon (2019) and Gambier (2018), among others. The western tradition includes the contributions by Vinay and Darbelnet, Urtado Albir and Molina Martinez, Nida, Newmark, Chesterman etc. The Russian tradition includes theoreticians such as Retsker, Barhudarov, Komissarov, Latishev, Alekseeva etc. For the purposes of the present research, the propositions by Albir and Molina will be employed, according to whom there is a clear disctinction between strategies of translation and translation techniques where strategies have to do with the process of translation and techniques - with its result. In view of the fact that the paper works with a corpus of film titles and their already existing established translations - that is, with the product of the translation - the only available object of observation, description and analysis includes the techniques and not the strategies of translation which the tranlator has used in the process of translating itself. Since the employed method of translation and the specific techniques at text level through which that method is realized are fundamentally interrelated, it can be assumed that the method can be recreated in the process of analysis based on the techniques observed. The specific strategies used by the tranlator in the process can only be subject to speculation and guessing, however, since, on the one hand, they can be not only verbal but also non-verbal, conscious and unconscious, and, on the other hand, the same strategy (regardless of whether it concerns problems with comprehension or with reformulation) can result in the selection of different techniques/combinations of techniques for resolving the problem which occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers of Hungarian Studies / Hungarologiai Kozlemenyek is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to investigate the frequency of two prevailing translation techniques in the bilingual lexicographic context, which analyzes the Arabic and English writings with a specific focus on Islamic financial and economic terms (IFETs). Furthermore, it attempts to report the preferences of dictionary users who are either translators or translation students. For this purpose, a monolingual dictionary specialized in IFETs was carried out to conduct the analysis, out of which, one hundred terms were randomly selected. These terms were analyzed referentially and technically. Additionally, a search of translational equivalents in two Arabic-English specialized dictionaries was carried out. The IFETs with no entries in the said bilingual dictionaries were rendered into English by using two translation techniques, namely paraphrasing and definition techniques. The results revealed that paraphrasing using a related word was the most frequently used technique than the definition technique. The meanings of 31 terms were adequately conveyed via paraphrasing technique, while only one term was translated with a definition technique. Thus, this study pointed out the pertinent role of the paraphrasing technique in solving the untranslatability of many deeply cultural-bound terms. However, a preliminary survey was conducted to fulfill this study's second aim, which showed that most of the respondents preferred to utilize definitional technique, instead of paraphrasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to analyze the captions of TikTok application from the perspective of translation techniques, methods, and ideology. As a matter of fact, although many scholars have researched the application of TikTok as a learning medium, less is known about it from the perspective of translation studies. The data of this study were derived from Arabic–Indonesian captions in the personal accounts of Abu Danah and Ahmad Al-Kurman, uploaded families from August to December 2021. The findings showcased the most dominant translation techniques found in 27 captions in the Abu Danah family account. 20 captions of Ahmad Al-Kurman were identified as a transposition translation technique. The translation method found in the caption of Abu Danah family account tended to use communicative methods and domestication ideology. In contrast, the translation method and ideology inclined to be used in the translation of Ahmad Al-Kurman's captions were free a translation method and the ideology of domestication. The study’s results concluded that the applications of transposition translation technique, the translation method tending to target languages, and the domestication ideology referred to translators' efforts to make it easier for readers to understand the translation results on TikTok media with its minimal space. Thus, short-form Arabic social media texts should be applied the free translation method based on domestication ideology in order to have a high level of readability.

This study examines the translation techniques used in the Arabic, Indonesian, and English languages. One of the studies in textual equivalence involves the translation of the information structure of Themes (starting point of speech) and Rheme (new information). Mapping the structure of the Themes and Rheme in the source language text (SL) will assist the translator in determining the flow of information and identifying the type of genre in both the source and the target text. Thus, the research problems can be stated as follows: (1) what the form of information structure is in Al-Hikam aphorisms, and (2) how to apply translation techniques in Al-Hikam aphorisms. The results show that Arabic-to-Indonesian and Arabic-to-English aphorism translations employ a variety of translation techniques. There are 1,169 different translation techniques utilised in Al-Hikam aphorisms (Arabic to Indonesian). Meanwhile, the number of translation techniques in Al-Hikam aphorisms (Arabic – English) amount to 962. On the other hand, the dominance of established equivalent techniques in Arabic – Indonesian and Arabic – English translations indicates that there are many terms or expressions that have been recognised in the dictionary or are commonly used to achieve equivalence from the source language to the target language, thereby increasing the readability of aphorism. The results of macro level data analysis indicate that translation of Al-Hikam’s aphorisms in Arabic - Indonesian and Arabic - English tends to be oriented towards the target language and adopts the ideology of domestication.

This study aimed to describe the forms of field muta'addi, its translation technique, and the quality of translation in the translation book of Nūrul Yaqīn Fī Sīrati Sayyidil Mursalīn. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with Spadley's (1980) data analysis. The result of this research is the finding of 276 data of file muta'addi based on its relationship with maul bih (object), which is fill muta'addi bi nafsihi and fill muta'addi bi gharial. Based on time, Al-Ghulayaini (2007) divides fill muta'addi into mādhī, mudhāri, and amr. There were 343 using translation techniques from 11 translation techniques. In this study, 214 data were translated accurately, acceptably, and with high readability. The final assessment score of translation quality is 2.84 and is categorized as high-quality translation. So, the researcher concludes that readers will be able to easily understand the text of the life journey of the Prophet Muhammad.

Oronce Finé composed in 1532, as result of the teaching program at the Collège Royal, his work Protomathesis: opus varium, a quadripartite mathematical compendium about practical arithmetic, theoretical and practical geometry, cosmography and gnomonics. Precisely the second book, De geometria, was translated into the Spanish language, Los dos libros de la geometría práctica de Oroncio Fineo Delfinate, [...] traducidos de latín en lengua española, in 1553, by Jerónimo Girava and Pedro Juan de Lastanosa. Based on the collation of both texts, the Latin original and the Spanish translation, this work analyzes the characteristics of the Spanish treatise and describes the translation techniques used by the translators in its textual formulation, which represents the first version made since Latin into a Romance language. Although, principally, the translators opt for an literally translation, the testimonials reflect the restructuring of the contents and, with them, the semantic amplitude, thanks to the use of different types of paraphrases and circumlocutions. Furthermore, they translate the Latinisms or recreate these with a gloss or binomial expressions to convey the meaning, but they also copy the Latinisms or translate the Greek voices, when these are terminologically appropriated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the subtitles in peninsular and Latin Spanish of the Netflix series Sex Education (Nunn et al., 2019). The series features dialogues with numerous colloquial and vulgar marks typical of youthful language, as well as scenes in which issues related to the ideological category of sex are addressed. The corpus is made up of a selection of scenes taken from the eight episodes of the first season that contain elements related to the category of sex and, in particular, to the following subcategories: sexual relations and sexual anatomy. Based on the classification proposed by Ávila-Cabrera (2020; 2023) in his model for analyzing the translation of taboo languages, it has been possible to shed light on the different techniques used to translate sexual slang in the two versions compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavica Wratislaviensia is the property of Wroclaw University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Saadi's Golestan and Jami's Baharestan are two Persian works in prose in which significant techniques have been used in translating Arabic expressions due to the proficiency of the authors in Arabic and Persian languages and their rhetorical and linguistic knowledge. In this research, the Arabic-translated phrases in the mentioned works have been studied based on the target-oriented approach in translation. The basis of this approach is that the translator tries to choose equivalent and equal elements of the target language with regard to the elements of the source language and text. With the help of special methods, he also tries to enter the entire meaning of the desired context into the target language and to avoid conveying the explicit meaning merely. The aim of the present study is to find Arabic to Persian translation techniques in Saadi's Golestan and Jami's Baharestan and to examine the extent of Saadi and Jami's commitment to the target language. Considering that Jami's Baharestan is the most prominent work of art identical to Saadi's Golestan in terms of form and content, the results indicate that the techniques of translating Arabic phrases into Persian in this work are also remarkably similar to Saadi's Golestan. Accordingly, the most distinguished methods of the target-oriented approach in translating the Arabic expressions of Golestan and Baharestan, respectively, are transition, dissimilation, adjunction, and disambiguation.

Background. The translation process is to be considered not merely as a cross- language, but as a cross-cultural interaction as well, since two language systems and two cultures operate simultaneously. The translator’s mission is to adequately transfer the source code of information into the translation language and adapt the national and cultural features of the original text. This involves mental processing of the underlying message implications and presuppositions. Strategies and methods of translation of official documents are determined not only by their linguistic characteristics, but also by their national-specific features. The above-mentioned aspects contribute to the background of the study. Purpose. The article deals with the analysis of the lexical and syntactic features of the translation of official business texts through the prism of the national cultural code, as well as reveals the influence of mental features of various linguistic and cultural communities on the linguistic, structural and style-forming characteristics of business texts. Materials and methods. The empiric material for the study is represented by 70 official documents of international organizations in English (UNESCO, The Minsk Declaration, U.S. Mission Russia, etc.) and their corresponding Russian translations. The documents are published in an open access on the Internet on the official websites of press services and news portals. In the course of analyzing the sources of actual material, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, cognitive analysis, and content analysis were used. Results. The results of the study proved that the national-cultural specificity has a direct impact on the linguistic, structural and style-forming characteristics of official business texts. To ensure the adequacy of a translation in the recipient language, cognitive processing of the source code through the prism of the semantic space of the translator’s culture is required. Recurrent methods of translating of official documents are the techniques of generalization, specification, addition, zero translation and integration. Conclusion. Official business texts are marked by certain functional characteristics that must be taken into consideration in the process of translation to ensure its adequacy and communicative effect.

ABSTRAC: This study investigates the neologisms in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid's Tale and the translation techniques used when rendering them into Turkish. The term neologism can be explained by new words or words with new senses. In this article, the neologisms found in the corpus are identified and later categorized according to Peter Newmark’s neologism types. Followingly, the utilized technique or techniques are described using a compilation we came up with combining a variety of translation techniques that are mainly taken from Lucía Molina and Amparo Hurtado Albir’s work. The neologism-specific translation techniques were determined and then, the data that do not fit into the categories were revealed. These non-conforming examples enabled us to detect categories that are not present in Newmark’s neologism classification. In addition to that, we detected some translation techniques which could be included in neologism translation technique compilations. From this perspective, our study tests the preferred models of neologism categorization and translation techniques in practice, and the most frequently used techniques in neologism translations were determined. Finally, the data we obtained here were compared with the results of other studies in the neologism translation literature to make our findings more concrete. ÖZ: Bu çalışma Margaret Atwood’un Damızlık Kızın Öyküsü başlıklı eserindeki neolojizmleri ve neolojizmlerin Türkçeye çevirisinde kullanılan çeviri tekniklerini incelemektedir. Neolojizm terimi yeni sözcükler ya da yeni anlamlı sözcükler olarak açıklanabilir. Bu makalede bütüncedeki neolojizmler tespit edilmiş ve sonrasında Peter Newmark’ın neolojizm türlerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Ardından neolojizmlerin Türkçeye çevirilerinde kullanılan teknikler Lucía Molina and Amparo Hurtado Albir’in çeviri teknikleri derlemesindeki tekniklere göre incelenmiştir. Eldeki neolojizmlerde kullanılan tekniklerin belirlenmesiyle sınıflandırmalara uymayan veriler açığa çıkartılmıştır. Dışarıda kalan bu veriler Newmark’ın çalışmasında bulunmayan neolojizm kategorilerini belirlenmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Buna ek olarak, bazı çeviri tekniklerinin Molina ve Albir’in çeviri teknikleri derlemesinde yer almadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında çalışmamız seçtiğimiz neolojizm sınıflandırması ve çeviri tekniklerini uygulamadaki halini incelemektedir. Aynı zamanda eldeki makale neolojizm çevirilerinde en sık kullanılan çeviri tekniklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Son olarak çalışmamızdan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar neolojizm çevirisi araştırmaları alanındaki diğer çalışmaların sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

The article presents a study that focuses on approaches to rendering Ukrainian historical terminology related to the Old Rus' period into English selected en masse from Ukrainian and English academic texts on history, with a special focus on culture-specific terminology. Historical terms for translation purposes are categorised into non-culture-specific historical terminology reflecting universal concepts of historical science, and culture-specific historical terminology. The purpose of the article is to determine specific methods for Ukrainian-English translation of historical terminology of the Old Rus' period. The paper discusses approaches and methods used by English-speaking academics to secondary term formation, taking place when rendering concepts denoting Ukrainian original culture-specific terminology into English. Different groups of historical terms are described with a special focus on onomastic terminology. It is demonstrated that the historical context should be taken into account for the correct designation of a historical concept. Non-culture-specific historical terminology is predominantly rendered by existing equivalents, which were formed through phonological adaptation and/or calque translation. The most appropriate technique for rendering culture-specific Ukrainian historical terminology is shown to be combined renomination, the method that uses both a transcription and a description of a historical concept.

Al-Hikam aphorism is a descriptive factual genre in which the patterns of the text structure are distinctive and aesthetic. The structure of the information facilitates the linear pattern to be arranged in any micro manner. The structured information may have various themes (topical, textual, and interpersonal). The aphorisms, which are originally Arabic, have been translated into English. This study investigates the techniques, methods, and ideology of al-Hikam English translation and the impact of the shift in thematic structure on the quality of translation. Using a qualitative design by utilizing Spradley model data analysis modified by Santosa (2021), this study suggests that al-Hikam aphorism translation has the tendency towards the target language with the ideology of domestication as seen from the translation techniques being used. The application of translation techniques also causes the phenomenon of thematic structures shift that affects the quality of translation. Therefore, textual competence must be understood by a translator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pulchra Lingua: A Journal of Language Study, Literature & Linguistics is the property of Pulchra Lingua: A Journal of Language Study, Literature & Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While Arabic was the dominant language in tafsir studies until recently, with the introduction of many religious, social and intellectual factors, Muslim societies tended to do translation/tafsīr studies in their mother tongue. As a necessary consequence of this, one of the issues that determines the main agenda of tafsīr researchers has been the issue of which translation techniques/strategies should be used to transfer the Qur'ān into the target language. It is obvious that a text like the Qur'ān, which is at the peak of eloquence, cannot be fully and completely translated into the target language. However, on the one hand, the need for translation studies makes it necessary to transfer the source language to the target language in the most accurate way. It is certain that each word and preposition, especially the sentence structure and the context of the word, have a great function in the transfer of the Qur'ān to the target language. One of these prepositions is the letter fā. Although the preposition fā has many functions, in this study only the meaning of tafsīriyya/explanation is emphasized. The function of the preposition fā has been tried to be determined correctly from the main sources written in the field of tafsīr and syntax. In addition, in Turkish translation studies, how the preposition in question is translated has been shown through examples and suggestions have been made on how a correct translation should be. As can be seen, many existing translation studies are insufficient in transferring the 'explanation' function of the preposition fā to Turkish. The tafsīriyya/explanation aspect of the preposition fā has not been taken into account; Most of the time, it has been tried to be expressed with conjunctions such as "and" or punctuation marks such as periods and commas. However, considering the use of the preposition fā in the source language, it does not seem appropriate to transfer it to the target language in this way. Instead, a semicolon (;)is suggested and it is stated that this would be more accurate in terms of Turkish language rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grandiose novel of William Faulkner “Absalom!Absalom!” is a majestic example of a piece of writing which encompasses diverse layers of plots, social layers, and dramatic collisions, revealed through intricate linguistic apparatus, particularly a very specific syntactic organization. The paper is an attempt to make a close comparison of the original and the Armenian texts of the novel, translated by Levon Mkrtchyan. The analysis of the syntactic complexity of the novel and its appropriate rendering into the Armenian language has been conducted within the framework of three sets of translation methods, elaborated by J.P.Vinay’s and J. Darbelnet and M.Baker. The results of the investigation manifest a striking deviation from the original text on the syntactic and textual levels. Scrupulous quantitative and qualitative data and interpretation are provided in the conclusion.

This study aimed to describe the types of directive speech acts, the use of translation techniques, and the quality of the Indonesian translation of the book Badzl al-Mâ'ûn fi Fadhl ath-Thâ'ûn. This research used descriptive analysis to describe the findings; the qualitative was chosen as the method of this study. Consequently, the data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's and Spradley's models. The results of this study stated that there were 60 data consisting of eight directive speech act types, where the frequency of using the technique was found 527 times for 15 techniques. Of the 60 data, 32 were translated accurately, acceptably, and with a high degree of readability and fell into the 'good' category. The average score for translation quality was 2.69. The study's contribution was to analyze Arabic texts translated into Indonesian using pragmatic models and measure their quality so that readers can quickly grasp the pandemic study from the perspective of the Arabic text.