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Salt stress is a significant abiotic factor affecting the growth and development of alfalfa. Malondialdehyde (MDA) serves as a critical biomarker for assessing alfalfa's salt tolerance. Traditional methods for measuring MDA are often time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recent advances in remote sensing technology have made non-destructive estimation of metabolites feasible, positioning the accurate estimation of MDA content in alfalfa as a key focus in intelligent breeding. To address the challenge of detecting subtle changes in MDA content, this study developed a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model specifically for Medicago truncatula. This study utilized leaf reflectance hyperspectral data across the visible near-infrared–shortwave infrared (VIR-NIR-SWIR) spectrum, applying multi-order spectral transformation methods, including continuous wavelet transform (CWT), fractional differential (FD), and multi-granularity spectral segmentation (MGSS). Feature selection techniques, such as sequential forward selection (SFS), Least-Squares Boosting (LSBoost), and feature selection using neighborhood component analysis for regression (FSRNCA), were employed to enhance the efficiency of the MDA estimation. The findings revealed that the optimal PLSR model for MDA estimation was achieved by integrating CWT features across orders 1–30 with the SFS method. This model demonstrated robust estimation capabilities under varying salt stress conditions, significantly outperforming the original spectral data (R2 = 0.654, RMSE = 22.567 vs. R2 = 0.242, RMSE = 33.411). A comparative analysis of feature selection methods confirmed that SFS was the most effective for estimating MDA content in alfalfa. These results provide valuable insights and methodologies for MDA estimation and evaluating salt tolerance in alfalfa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: stroke is a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function. Antioxidants are the exogenous or endogenous compounds acting by scavenging reactive oxygen species or their precursors, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and binding metal ions needed for catalysis of ROS generation. Our objective was to compare the lipid profile, fasting and post prandial blood sugar and the markers of lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde and Paraoxonase1) in non-diabetic stroke patients with healthy controls and to evaluate the correlation between the lipid parameters with markers of lipid peroxidation in those patients Materials and methods: 100 diagnosed stroke patients from Neurology OPD and IPD, were compared with 100 age matched healthy controls. Estimation of lipid profile parameters and fasting and post prandial blood sugar were done by Autoanalyzer using standardized kits. Estimation of serum malonaldehyde was done by based on the principle of utilization of Thiobarbituric acid. Serum Paraoxonase1 activity was estimated using paranitrophenylacetate substrate Result: among the lipid profile parameters, HDL was significantly lower (p<0.001) and LDL was significantly higher among stroke patients. Serum Malonaldehyde level was significantly increased and PON1 activity were significantly decreased in stroke patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Significant positive correlation between HDL and PON1 and negative correlation between LDL and PON1 were found Conclusion: low level of PON1 activity and increased level of malonaldehyde was found in stroke patients indicating imbalance between free radical generation and its scavenging action [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation sought to comprehensively evaluate the protective properties of Milk Thistle seeds against Supracideinduced oxidative stress in the Marbled Spinefoot fish. Liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry (LC--MS) was employed to identify metabolites present in Silybum marianum seeds. The LC50 value of organophosphorous insecticide was determined as 7.5 μg L-1 through a 24-hour bath exposure. The experimental setup involved a 14-day dietary supplementation of S. marianum seeds followed by exposure to the determined Supracide LC50. Various physiological parameters, including lipid degradation, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Total cholesterol (T.ch) levels, were measured to assess fish health and stress. Additionally, histopathological examinations were conducted on the hepatopancreas tissues of both normal and stressed fish. The obtained results indicated significant increases (P<0.05) in serum ALT and LDH activities in the group of fish exposed to the toxin. Moreover, the levels of lipid peroxidation products in hepatopancreas homogenates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the exposed fish group, except for total cholesterol, which exhibited a significant decrease. Histological analysis further revealed notable tissue modifications in the examined organs, while the control group of fish exhibited normal appearance. Taken together, these findings suggest that Milk thistle seeds may possess protective effects against Supracide-induced oxidative stress in challenged S. rivulatus fish. As a result, this study provides valuable insights into potential alternative ameliorating agents for addressing aquaculture contamination caused by organophosphate insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic and endocrinological condition that affects many women of reproductive age. Pathology manifests as the changes in reproductive functions, encompassing disorders such as hyperandrogenism, irregular menstrual cycles, and insulin resistance with oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of naturopathy and yoga interventions on oxidative stress and androgens with metabolic parameters in patients with PCOS. Methods: We enrolled the 120 obese teenagers with PCOS, and we divided the patients into two groups as study (n = 60) and control (n = 60). In the study group, the patients were given 10 days of naturopathy and yoga interventions, whereas the other group was a waitlist control group. They were assessed for testosterone, lipid profile, malonaldehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A), and Depression (HAM-D) Scale at baseline and after 10 days of intervention. Results: We found out that the study group exhibited a significant decrease in testosterone, MDA, HAM-A, HAM-D, body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile compared to the control group also with an effective improvement in the TAC. The stepwise multiple regression data highlight that BMI as a significant predictor for the reduction of testosterone in PCOS after taking naturopathy and yoga interventions. Conclusion: The results indicate that short-term integrated yoga and naturopathy interventions are effective in modifying the disease progression of PCOS through endocrinological and metabolic balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat could become poisoned when grown in soil with high arsenic (As) content. It is worthwhile to investigate the potential use of sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) for crop protection while detoxifying heavy metal(loid)s. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted under both single and combined application of the two elements. Their effects on wheat growth were analyzed based on As distribution in subcellular tissues and the variation in physiological and biochemical indicators. Despite wheat absorbing and enriching As under S and Se application, its growth status improved. Cell wall and vacuole sequestered majority of elevated As. Phytochelatins (PCs) content increased significantly in the roots, particularly when Se was applied alone. They could chelate with As using thiol groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to be considerably lower in leaves and without any discernible increase in roots. Peroxidase (POD) activity in roots/stems and/or catalase (CAT) activity in stems increased, and exerted antioxidant effects. The leaf was well protected, and its chlorophyll content significantly increased. The application of S alone had a relatively weaker effect on reducing As content in grains, but the mixed application of Se could induce an inhibitory effect.

Background: Stroke is a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function. Antioxidants are exogenous or endogenous compounds acting by scavenging reactive oxygen species or their precursors, inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and binding metal ions needed for the catalysis of its generation. Atherogenic index, a predictor of atherosclerosis, increases in dyslipidemia also shows a positive association with oxidative stress. Aims and Objectives: Our objective was to compare the lipid profile, the markers of lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde and paraoxonase [PON]), and atherogenic index in non-diabetic stroke patients with healthy controls and to evaluate the correlation between the lipid parameters with markers of lipid peroxidation and atherogenic index in those patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred diagnosed stroke patients from the Neurology department were compared with 100 age-matched healthy controls. Estimation of lipid profile parameters was done by AutoAnalyzer using standardized kits. Estimation of serum malonaldehyde was done based on the principle of utilization of Thiobarbituric acid. Serum PON1 activity was estimated using paranitrophenyl acetate substrate. Results: Among the lipid profile parameters, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower (P

Background: Stroke is a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function. Antioxidants are exogenous or endogenous compounds acting by scavenging reactive oxygen species or their precursors, inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and binding metal ions needed for the catalysis of its generation. Atherogenic index, a predictor of atherosclerosis, increases in dyslipidemia also shows a positive association with oxidative stress. Aims and Objectives: Our objective was to compare the lipid profile, the markers of lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde and paraoxonase [PON]), and atherogenic index in non-diabetic stroke patients with healthy controls and to evaluate the correlation between the lipid parameters with markers of lipid peroxidation and atherogenic index in those patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred diagnosed stroke patients from the Neurology department were compared with 100 age-matched healthy controls. Estimation of lipid profile parameters was done by AutoAnalyzer using standardized kits. Estimation of serum malonaldehyde was done based on the principle of utilization of Thiobarbituric acid. Serum PON1 activity was estimated using paranitrophenyl acetate substrate. Results: Among the lipid profile parameters, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower (P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly higher among stroke patients. Serum malonaldehyde level was significantly increased and PON1 activity was significantly decreased in stroke patients in comparison to healthy individuals. A significant positive correlation between HDL and PON1 and a negative correlation between LDL and PON1 were found. Atherogenic index is negatively correlated with PON1. Conclusion: Low level of PON1 activity and an increased level of malonaldehyde were found in stroke patients indicating an imbalance between free radical generation and its scavenging action and also associated with more chance of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tobacco is one of the main etiological factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). CYP1B1 is an enzyme which plays a major role in the phase I detoxification of tobacco, the byproducts of which are subsequently detoxified by phase II enzymes Glutathione S Transferase (GST). We attempted to evaluate the L432V polymorphism and tissue expression of CYP1B1, along with the oxidant-antioxidant status in OSCC progression model. Methodology: Tissue biopsies and blood samples were collected from the subjects; L432V polymorphism was evaluated by TaqMan RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue sample using CYP1B1 polyclonal primary antibody and Allred quick scoring system was used to evaluate the stained slides. Malonaldehyde (MDA) and GST activity were measured spectrophotometrically to assess oxidative-antioxidative status. Results: When the L432V polymorphism was analyzed, it was observed that in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OSCC, CG was more common than GG genotype. Highest mean Allred score was observed in tobacco users (6.27), highest GST activity was seen in oral epithelial dysplasia (5.006 U/ml) and highest MDA activity was observed in OSCC (1553.94 nm/ml). Conclusion: Tobacco users with CG and GG genotypes are at equal risk of developing oral epithelial dysplasia or OSCC and L432V polymorphism does not appear to increase the risk of malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia. Moreover, tobacco users with GG genotype and tissue expression of CYP1B1 may be at a greater risk of oxidative damage.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that causes high blood glucose which is called hyperglycemia. In addition to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, which raises the risk of complications, is one of the many other important factors that contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of diabetes. The goal of the current study was to determine how well (Ganoderma lucidum) ethanol extract (GLE) intervenes against oxidative stress in living cells, with a focus on its mechanistic elements in the management of diabetes mellitus. Rats treated with alloxan showed a significant (p≤0.01) increase in serum glucose levels from 92.67 mg/dL in normal control rats to 311.24 mg/dL in treated rats. Serum glucose levels in rats fed GLE (200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg bw) for 28 days showed a significant (p≤0.05) decline, with values recorded at 294.26, 268.34, 210.17, and 192.78, respectively. With GLE intervention, there was a dose-dependent increase in the rate of serum glucose decrease. The biochemical indicators of oxidative stress levels in plasma, nitric oxide (NO), malonaldehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), all exhibited the same conduct. However, there was a notable (P≤0.05) increase in the various antioxidant protective mechanisms in the serum, which included bioactive molecules (GSH fractions), antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E), and antioxidant enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalases (CAT)]. Ultimately, these results establish a foundation for the application of (Ganoderma lucidum) extracts in the prevention and/or treatment of T2D by inhibiting oxidative stress, which is one of the factors contributing to the illness and its consequent challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco is one of the main etiological factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). CYP1B1 is an enzyme which plays a major role in the phase I detoxification of tobacco, the byproducts of which are subsequently detoxified by phase II enzymes Glutathione S Transferase (GST). We attempted to evaluate the L432V polymorphism and tissue expression of CYP1B1, along with the oxidant-antioxidant status in OSCC progression model. Tissue biopsies and blood samples were collected from the subjects; L432V polymorphism was evaluated by TaqMan RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue sample using CYP1B1 polyclonal primary antibody and Allred quick scoring system was used to evaluate the stained slides. Malonaldehyde (MDA) and GST activity were measured spectrophotometrically to assess oxidative-antioxidative status. When the L432V polymorphism was analyzed, it was observed that in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OSCC, CG was more common than GG genotype. Highest mean Allred score was observed in tobacco users (6.27), highest GST activity was seen in oral epithelial dysplasia (5.006 U/ml) and highest MDA activity was observed in OSCC (1553.94 nm/ml). Tobacco users with CG and GG genotypes are at equal risk of developing oral epithelial dysplasia or OSCC and L432V polymorphism does not appear to increase the risk of malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia. Moreover, tobacco users with GG genotype and tissue expression of CYP1B1 may be at a greater risk of oxidative damage. [Display omitted] • L432V polymorphism, expression of CYP1B1, and oxidant-antioxidant status were investigated in OSCC progression model. • Tobacco users with CG and GG genotypes have an equal risk of developing epithelial dysplasia (OED) or OSCC. • L432V polymorphism does not significantly increase the risk of malignant transformation in OED. • Tobacco users with the GG genotype may be at a higher risk of oxidative damage compared to those with the CG genotype. • Gradual increase in glutathione S-transferase activity reported from healthy controls to OED, and decreases in OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salt stress is a significant abiotic factor affecting the growth and development of alfalfa. Malondialdehyde (MDA) serves as a critical biomarker for assessing alfalfa’s salt tolerance. Traditional methods for measuring MDA are often time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recent advances in remote sensing technology have made non-destructive estimation of metabolites feasible, positioning the accurate estimation of MDA content in alfalfa as a key focus in intelligent breeding. To address the challenge of detecting subtle changes in MDA content, this study developed a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model specifically for Medicago truncatula. This study utilized leaf reflectance hyperspectral data across the visible near-infrared–shortwave infrared (VIR-NIR-SWIR) spectrum, applying multi-order spectral transformation methods, including continuous wavelet transform (CWT), fractional differential (FD), and multi-granularity spectral segmentation (MGSS). Feature selection techniques, such as sequential forward selection (SFS), Least-Squares Boosting (LSBoost), and feature selection using neighborhood component analysis for regression (FSRNCA), were employed to enhance the efficiency of the MDA estimation. The findings revealed that the optimal PLSR model for MDA estimation was achieved by integrating CWT features across orders 1–30 with the SFS method. This model demonstrated robust estimation capabilities under varying salt stress conditions, significantly outperforming the original spectral data (R2 = 0.654, RMSE = 22.567 vs. R2 = 0.242, RMSE = 33.411). A comparative analysis of feature selection methods confirmed that SFS was the most effective for estimating MDA content in alfalfa. These results provide valuable insights and methodologies for MDA estimation and evaluating salt tolerance in alfalfa.

Background: Oxidative stress (SOX) has been frequently correlated with hypothyroidism. SOX are openly produced during the overproduction of TSH. Hence there may be higher lipoxidation and protein carbonylation. Although, the link between oxidation of lipid and protein has not been well illustrated in circumstances of elevated TSH levels. Material and Methods: Approximation of free T3 levels, free T4 levels, TSH levels, peroxidation of lipids like MDA levels, and carbonylation of proteins as PCO were projected in hypothyroidism. Around 175 patients in each diseased category, against 175 euthyroid controls were taken under study. The links between MDA, TSH, and PCO were also calculated. Results: Noteworthy rise in MDA and PCO levels in hypothyroidism reflected enlarged oxidative damage when compared with the euthyroid group (p<0.01). MDA and TSH levels had a significant relationship with PCO in both hypothyroid patients. Investigation of Pearson partial correlation exposed a mutual relationship of overloaded TSH levels and increased MDA levels in manipulating the increase of PCO in clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Parallel damage to MDA and PCO was seen due to enhanced oxidative stress in both hypothyroid patients leading to lipoxidation and protein carbonylation. Excess TSH and high MDA levels may be cumulatively caught up in the rise of protein carbonylation in hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypothesis of this experiment was that a liquid rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT) obtained from "alperujo", an olive oil by-product, could replace part of the added vitamin E (VE) as an antioxidant in poultry diets. There were five diets that differed exclusively in the substitution of supplemental VE (0 to 40 mg/kg, with differences of 10 mg/kg) by HT (30 to 0 mg/kg, with differences of 7.5 mg/kg). The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal and provided 10 mg VE/kg. From 0 to 39 d of age, the growth performance of the birds was not affected by diet. The birds were slaughtered at 39 d of age to evaluate the quality of the breast, and malonaldehyde concentration, pH, color, and drip loss were measured. In terms of meat lipid oxidation, the combination of 22.5 mg HT/kg and 10 mg of added VE/kg equalized to a diet supplemented with 40 mg VE/kg. Meat color improved in broilers fed 7.5 mg HT/kg and 30 mg VE/kg. It is concluded that once the nutritional requirements of the birds in VE are satisfied, the dietary supplementation with the olive oil by-product rich in HT can be used as a strategy to spare VE in broiler diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia, is linked to ROS-induced stress, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota imbalance. Objectives: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of citrollenol have already been reported. The current research was aimed at discovering the salutary properties of citrollenol against Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD in rats. Materials and Methods: The AlCl3 was used to induce the AD in rats and then treated with citrollenol (25 and 50 mg/kg/bw). The behavioral tests were conducted on both control and treated rats. The levels of antioxidants and acetylcholine esterase were assessed using kits. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the brain tissues. Results: The findings revealed that the AlCl3-induced group had a loss of memory capability as well as an increase in the production of proinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder-related AD proteins; otherwise, these characteristics were contrasted in the citrollenol-treated groups. Citrollenol-induced rats showed higher production of antioxidant enzyme levels and lower MDA status. Additionally, citrollenol abrogates proinflammatory mediator expression by suppressing NF-?B signaling and regulating microglial activation. Conclusion: Citrollenol can drawnback the AD brain tissue appearance of pathology study by leaking dysfunction in memory, learning capability, production of higher antioxidant enzymes levels, changing immunomodulatory cytokines levels in AlCl3 induced rats, exhibiting that AD pathogenesis may be represented by treatment with citrollenol via the neurodegenerative disorder causes from AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the changes of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels after replantation of severed finger, to clarify their relationships with the occurrence of arterial crisis in patients, and to further understand its effectiveness in predicting the occurrence of arterial crises. Methods Patients with early arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger (observation group) and patients without vascular crisis (control group) were selected. The levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF were compared between the two groups at different time （before surgery, 24 h after surgery, and when the arterial crisis was confirmed). Spearman correlation and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the correlations between serum MDA, SOD and VEGF levels and postoperative arterial crisis, and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MDA, SOD and VEGF on postoperative arterial crisis at 24 h after replantation of severed finger. The relationships between serum levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF and the risk of arterial crisis after finger replantation was verified again by comparing the risk of arterial crisis in patients with different levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF. Results Compared with pre-operation, MDA and VEGF increased and SOD decreased in both groups at 24 h after operation and at the time of diagnosis of arterial crisis （all P<0. 05). Compared with 24 h after operation, MDA and VEGF decreased and SOD increased in both groups at the time of diagnosis of arterial crisis （all P<0. 05). Compared with the control group, the MDA was higher and the SOD and VEGF were lower in the ob‐ servation group at 24 h after operation （all P<0. 05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum MDA was positively correlated with arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger at 24 h after operation and at the time of diagnosis of arteri‐ al crisis （r=0. 859，0. 954, all P<0. 05)； at 24 h after operation and at the time of diagnosis of arterial crisis, serum SOD and VEGF were negatively correlated with arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger （r=-0. 826，-0. 915，-0. 801, -0. 887, all P<0. 05), and serum MDA, SOD and VEGF at 24 h after operation were independent influencing factors of ar‐ terial crisis after replantation of severed finger （all P<0. 05). At 24 h after operation, the best diagnostic thresholds of MDA, SOD and VEGF in predicting arterial crisis were 8. 21，64. 35 and 126. 37 pg/mL, respectively, AUC was 0. 776, 0. 794 and 0. 714, respectively，95% CI was 0. 691–0. 847，0. 711–0. 863, and 0. 625–0. 793 respectively, their sensitivities were 72. 50%，85. 00% and 57. 50%, and specificities were 76. 25%，70. 00% and 76. 25%, respectively. The risk of arterial crisis in patients with high level of MDA （MDA≥8. 21 nmol/mL) was 6. 795 times that of patients with low level （MDA<8. 21 nmol/mL), the risk of arterial crisis in patients with high level of SOD （SOD≥64. 35 nmol/mL) was 0. 065 times that of patients with low level （SOD<64. 35 nmol/mL), and the risk of arterial crisis in patients with high lev‐ el of VEGF (VEGF≥126. 37 pg/mL) was 0. 189 times that of patients with low level （VEGF<126. 37 pg/mL)（all P< 0. 05). Conclusion The serum levels of MDA, SOD and VEGF after replantation of severed finger are related to the occurrence of arterial crisis, and the detection of MDA, SOD and VEGF at 24 h after the operation can predict the occurrence of arterial crisis after replantation of severed finger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract：Objective To observe regulatory effects of metformin on oxidative stress and inflammatory response of human renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 induced by calcium oxalate. Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into five groups： the control group, calcium oxalate group, metformin group 1, metformin group 2, and PDTC group. Cells in the control group were cultured in serum-free DMEM medium, cells in the calcium oxalate group were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxalate crystal suspension, cells in the metformin group 1 were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxa‐ late crystal suspension and 1. 20 mmol/L metformin crystal suspension, cells in the metformin group 2 were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxalate crystal suspension and 0. 80 mmol/L metformin crystal suspension, and cells in the PDTC group were added with 100 µg/mL calcium oxalate crystal suspension and 100 mmol/L NF-κB specific inhibitor PDTC crystal suspension. The cells in each group continued to be cultured for 6 h； colorimetric method was used to detect malo‐ ndialdehyde (MDA) in cell supernatant, ELISA was used to detect the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) protein in cell supernatant, and RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNAs of NF-κB and MCP-1. Results The content of MDA in the cell supernatant of the control group, calcium oxalate group, metformin group 1, metformin group 2, and PDTC group was (0. 21±0. 02), (1. 62±0. 09), (1. 04±0. 01), (1. 27±0. 12) and (0. 83±0. 02) mmol/mg, respectively； the protein content of MCP-1 was (8. 25±0. 62), (66. 31±3. 78), (31. 54±2. 15), (42. 26±2. 10), and (20. 36±1. 92) pg/mL, re‐ spectively； there were significant differences between groups (all P<0. 05) . The relative expression levels of NFκB mRNA in the control group, calcium oxalate group, metformin group 1, metformin group 2, and PDTC group were 1. 00±0. 01, 1. 68±0. 02, 1. 23±0. 02, 1. 41±0. 01, and 1. 09±0. 01, respectively； the relative expression levels of MCP-1 mRNA were 1. 00±0. 01, 2. 39±0. 01, 1. 64±0. 02, 1. 89±0. 01, and 1. 44±0. 01, respectively； there were significant dif‐ ferences in the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB and MCP-1 between groups (all P<0. 05) . Conclusion Metformin (1. 20 or 0. 80 mmol/L) inhibited oxidative stress of HK-2 cells induced by calcium oxalate, and further inhibited down‐ stream inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] This experiment was conducted to study the effects of malondialdehyde(MDA)on protein oxidation of soybean meal and the alleviation of tea polyphenols(TP). [Methods] Fresh soybean meal was divided into eight treatment groups, which was treated with 0,0.1,1 and 10 mmol·L-1 MDA, and also treated with 0,0.1,1 and 10 mmol·L-1 MDA and 0.6 mg·mL-1 TP, respectively, and the contents of carbonyl, sulfhydryl, and amino acid in soybean meal were determined. [Results]With the increasing concentration of MDA, the carbonyl content of soybean meal gradually increased(P<0.05),whereas the sulfhydryl and total sulfhydryl groups content, methionine, tyrosine, lysine contents, and in vitro digestibility of soybean meal protein decreased accordingly(P<0.05),the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of tryptophan increased first and then decreased, and its max peak was gradually blue-shifted, accompanied by an increase in the fluorescence intensity of Schiff base. In the oxidative group with the MDA concentration of 1 mmol·L-1, the carbonyl content in soybean meal significantly increased(P<0.05), the contents of sulfhydryl and total sulfhydryl groups significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the in vitro digestibility of soybean meal protein significantly decreased(P<0.01). In the high concentration MDA group (10 mmol·L-1),the carbonyl content in soybean meal significantly increased(P<0.01),and the contents of sulfhydryl and total sulfhydryl, the in vitro digestibility of soybean meal protein significantly decreased(P<0.01). Meanwhile, the methionine, tyrosine, lysine content in soybean meal were remarkably lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). TP addition could mitigate the increase of carbonyl content, the decrease of sulfhydryl and total sulfhydryl groups, the decrease of methionine content, the decrease of in vitro digestibility of soybean meal protein, the decrease of intrinsic fluorescence intensity of tryptophan and the increase of Schiff base content in soybean meal. [Conclusions]1 mmol·L-1MDA can trigger protein oxidation in soybean meal, resulting in a large change in the structure of soybean meal protein and the reduce in vitro digestibility of soybean meal protein. At this time,TP can effectively alleviate the MDA-induced protein oxidation in soybean meal and the reduced in vitro digestibility of soybean meal protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water shortage and wastage are critical challenges to sustainable agricultural development, especially in arid and semiarid regions worldwide. Isatis indigotica (woad), as a traditional Chinese herb, was planted in a large area in a cold and arid environment of Hexi. Regulated deficit irrigation can reduce the growth of some vegetative organs by changing the accumulation and distribution of photosynthetic products in crops, thus increasing the economic yield of crops. In agricultural production, crop productivity may be improved by mulched drip irrigation and deficit irrigation. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of photosynthesis, malondialdehyde, osmotic regulators, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the yield of woad to water deficit at different growth stages. The growth stage of woad was divided in four stages: seedling, vegetative growth, fleshy root growth, and fleshy root maturity. During vegetative growth, fleshy root growth, and fleshy root maturity, three water gradients were set for plants with mild (65-75% in field water capacity, FC), moderate (55-65% in FC), and severe (45-55% in FC) deficits, respectively. In contrast, an adequate water supply (75-85% in FC) during the growth period was designed as the control (CK). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of woad significantly decreased (P< 0.05) by moderate and severe water deficits. Still, rehydration after the water deficit could produce a noticeable compensation effect. In contrast, malondialdehyde and proline accumulation significantly increased under moderate and severe water deficits. At the same time, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase all had high activities (increased significantly by 19.87-39.28%, 19.91-34.26%, and 10.63-16.13% compared with CK, respectively), but yields were substantially lower, compared to CK. Additionally, the net photosynthetic rate was negatively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity. The economic yield of plants subjected to continuous mild water deficit during both vegetative and fleshy root growth was not significantly different from that in CK. Still, the water use efficiency improved significantly. Therefore, the continuous mild water deficit during vegetative and fleshy root growth could improve the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the plant, representing an optimal irrigation strategy for woad in cold and arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat could become poisoned when grown in soil with high arsenic (As) content. It is worthwhile to investigate the potential use of sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) for crop protection while detoxifying heavy metal(loid)s. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted under both single and combined application of the two elements. Their effects on wheat growth were analyzed based on As distribution in subcellular tissues and the variation in physiological and biochemical indicators. Despite wheat absorbing and enriching As under S and Se application, its growth status improved. Cell wall and vacuole sequestered majority of elevated As. Phytochelatins (PCs) content increased significantly in the roots, particularly when Se was applied alone. They could chelate with As using thiol groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was found to be considerably lower in leaves and without any discernible increase in roots. Peroxidase (POD) activity in roots/stems and/or catalase (CAT) activity in stems increased, and exerted antioxidant effects. The leaf was well protected, and its chlorophyll content significantly increased. The application of S alone had a relatively weaker effect on reducing As content in grains, but the mixed application of Se could induce an inhibitory effect., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Chipeng Zhang reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Chipeng Zhang reports financial support was provided by Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Brain lipidic peroxidation is closely associated with the pathophysiology of various psychiatric diseases including depression. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a reactive aldehyde produced in lipid region, serves as a crucial biomarker for lipid peroxidation. However, techniques enabling real-time detection of MDA are still lacking due to the inherent trade-off between recognition dynamics and robustness. Inspired by the structure of phospholipid bilayers, amphiphilic carbon dots named as CG-CDs targeted to cell membrane are designed for real-time monitoring of MDA fluctuations. The design principle relies on the synergy of dynamic hydrogen bonding recognition and cell membrane targetability. The latter facilitates the insertion of CG-CDs into lipid regions and provides a hydrophobic environment to stabilize the labile hydrogen bonding between CG-CDs and MDA. As a result, recognition robustness and dynamics are simultaneously achieved for CG-CDs/MDA, allowing for in situ visualization of MDA kinetics in cell membrane due to the instant response (<5 s), high sensitivity (9-fold fluorescence enhancement), intrinsic reversibility (fluorescence on/off), and superior selectivity. Subsequently, CG-CDs are explored to visualize nerve cell membrane impairment in depression models of living cells and zebrafish, unveiling the extensive heterogeneity of the lipid peroxidation process and indicating a positive correlation between MDA levels and depression., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Cigarette smoke is the leading cause of several respiratory diseases because it contains high free radical compounds. These free radical compounds can be neutralized with antioxidants obtained from natural ingredients such as roselle. Roselle contains various bioactive compounds and consumes in the form of infusion. Mixing roselle with various herbs as wedang uwuh can increase the antioxidant content. Wedang uwuh is a beverage consisting of various combinations of herbs such as sappan wood, cloves, and cinnamon. This study aims to analyze levels of MDA and SOD in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and given wedang uwuh. This research was conducted on 30 white male Wistar rats that divided into six groups- P0 (normal control), P1 (roselle-based wedang uwuh), P2 (commercial wedang uwuh), P3 (smoke control), P4 (smoke + roselle-based wedang uwuh), P5 (smoke + commercial wedang uwuh). The dose of wedang uwuh is 2.7 ml/kg BW, and the dose of exposure to cigarette smoke is one cigarette for 5 minutes for 30 days. The differences between each group were analyzed using the one way ANOVA test and HSD advanced test. Statistical results showed that giving roselle-based wedang uwuh (P4) significantly reduced MDA levels and increased SOD than the smoke control group (P3). Roselle-based wedang uwuh reduce the MDA levels and increase SOD better than commercial wedang uwuh.

The hypothesis of this experiment was that a liquid rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT) obtained from “alperujo”, an olive oil by-product, could replace part of the added vitamin E (VE) as an antioxidant in poultry diets. There were five diets that differed exclusively in the substitution of supplemental VE (0 to 40 mg/kg, with differences of 10 mg/kg) by HT (30 to 0 mg/kg, with differences of 7.5 mg/kg). The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal and provided 10 mg VE/kg. From 0 to 39 d of age, the growth performance of the birds was not affected by diet. The birds were slaughtered at 39 d of age to evaluate the quality of the breast, and malonaldehyde concentration, pH, color, and drip loss were measured. In terms of meat lipid oxidation, the combination of 22.5 mg HT/kg and 10 mg of added VE/kg equalized to a diet supplemented with 40 mg VE/kg. Meat color improved in broilers fed 7.5 mg HT/kg and 30 mg VE/kg. It is concluded that once the nutritional requirements of the birds in VE are satisfied, the dietary supplementation with the olive oil by-product rich in HT can be used as a strategy to spare VE in broiler diets.

Abstract Iron is essential to plant development. However, its excess can provoke an increase in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in plants. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of high concentrations of iron on the oxidative stress of seeds and young plants of Cecropia hololeuca and Carica papaya. The species were submitted to concentrations of 0.045, 4 and 8mM of iron in the form of ferrous sulfate and FeEDTA. The experiments of germination and initial growth took place in a growth chamber, with temperature of 25ºC and 12h photoperiod. We performed the lipid peroxidation test by extraction and quantification of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The application of iron did not cause a significant elevation in the contents of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the germination of C. hololeuca and C. papaya. In the young plants, the hydrogen peroxide did not change in any of the treatments. However, it was possible to observe an expressive increase in malonaldehyde concentration in both species when exposed to FeEDTA 4 to 8mM. The results indicate a sensibility of C. hololeuca and C. papaya to high iron levels, amplifying the oxidative stress process that can harm their growth and initial development.

Indian leopards kept in zoos are fed solely on carabeef on bone (CBB) diets. Carabeef contains lesser or no carotenoids. Hence, the captive Indian leopard diets are suspected to be deficient in carotenoids while their wild counterparts acquire these pigments from their natural prey. Lutein is a vital carotenoid that plays its role as an antioxidant and immunomodulator. This experiment investigates the effect of lutein supplementation on antioxidant status, immunity, and stress in captive Panthera fusca fed CBB diets. Nine leopards were used based on 3 × 3 replicated Latin square designs in the experiment. Groups CON, LUT20, and LUT40 were supplemented with 0, 20, and 40 ppm of lutein, respectively. Each experiment comprised of 10 days of wash‐out period, 11 days of adaptation, and 4 days of collection. Digestibility of crude protein (CP) was higher (p <.01) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of protein, globulin, urea (p <.05), total carotenoids, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) index were higher (p <.001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum concentration of immunoglobulin were higher (p <.001) in group LUT20. Serum concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) and fecal concentration of cortisol decreased (p <.001) in groups LUT20 and LUT40. Serum concentration of total immunoglobulin (µg/ml) and LTT were higher in group LUT20. Fecal concentration of cortisol (ng/g) was lower in LUT20 and LUT40. The study concludes that supplementation of lutein at 20 ppm would improve antioxidant status and immunity and alleviate stress in captive Indian leopards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the age of off-odor detection to ensure more efficient and economical provision of antioxidants in the production of Cihateup ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 different treatments of slaughter age, i.e. 4, 8 and 12 week. Each treatment consisted of 6 replications and each replication consisted of 13 ducks. The results showed that the percentage of fat content at the age of 12 weeks was higher than the age of 4 and 8 week. High fat-containing meat tends to undergo fat oxidation. High levels of Fe at 12 week of slaughter age cause high levels of myoglobin in duck meat. Fe2+ is a catalyst in the process of fat oxidation. the brightness value (L) is inversely proportional to the value a of Cihateup duck meat. The darker brightness of the meat causes the flesh to be redder due to myoglobin level in duck meat. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ALTJG) is 4- and 12-week slaughter age lower than 8 week of age. The high levels of MDA at 12 week of slaughter age are due to fat oxidation which causes off-odor. Based on the result, the conclusion is that the high fat content, Fe content, color of Cihateup duck meat at 12 weeks of slaughter age caused the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ALTJG) to be low due to fat oxidation. Fat oxidation caused high levels of MDA in duck meat (12 weeks of slaughter age) resulting in Off-odors in Cihateup duck meat.

The effect of green coffee addition on the physicochemical attributes, fatty acid profile, and volatiles of beef meatballs was investigated. Five batches were prepared; no antioxidant (control), ascorbic acid (Asc, 500 ppm), and three concentrations of green coffee (GC) powder (250, 500, and 1000 ppm), then aerobically stored onto polypropylene trays at 4 °C for 14 days. The physicochemical properties (pH, color, metmyoglobin, and antioxidant stability) were assessed at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days. Free fatty acids and hydrocarbons were detected by GC–MS as well. GC addition, compared with control and Asc samples, significantly (p

The protective role of melatonin in plants under abiotic stress has been reported, but little information is available on its mitigation effect on coffee (Coffea arabica) plants. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous application of 100 µM melatonin in coffee leaves under 3 months of drought stress treatment. Melatonin was found to alleviate the drought-induced damage in coffee through reducing the rate of chlorophyll degradation, electrolyte leakage, malonaldehyde content, and activating various antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Melatonin application suppressed the expression of chlorophyll degradation gene PAO encoding pheophorbide a oxygenase, and upregulated the expression of photosynthetic gene RBCS2 encoding ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase (Rubisco) protein, and a drought-related gene AREB encoding abscisic acid-responsive element binding protein. The photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II under dark adaptation was also improved upon melatonin application in drought-stressed plants. Our results showed that both foliar spray and direct soil application of melatonin could improve drought tolerance by regulating photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative damage in C. arabica seedlings. This study provides insights in application of melatonin as a protective agent against drought stress in improvement of crop yields.

The effects of nitric oxide modulators (NO-modulators) and antioxidants on acute (RSx1) restraint stress induced endocrine, cellular and oxidative/nitrosative stress markers was studied in Wistar rats. The results of our study revealed that exposure to RS(x1) enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA), heat shock protein (HSP-70), corticosterone, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels and suppressed glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total nitrites and nitrates (NOx) levels. NO precursor and NO synthase inhibitors were found to differentially modulate stress mechanisms, by altering NF-κB, HSP-70 and corticosterone levels. l -Ascorbic acid significantly suppressed acute stress induced elevation of NF-κB and HSP-70 levels depicting protective effects, as also evidenced by reversal of elevated plasma corticosterone levels. Therefore, modulation of oxidative and nitrosative pathways, offers an approach in modulating stress induced changes associated with various disorders. • Exposure of rats to acute stress enhanced MDA, HSP-70, corticosterone, nuclear NF-κB levels. • Exposure of rats to acute stress decreased GSH, SOD and NOx levels. • Modulation of oxidative and nitrosative pathways, offers an approach in modulating stress induced changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to estimate the shelf life of tuna fillet in oil subjected to three temperatures (28, 35 and 42 °C). To carry out the durability study, the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characterization of the product were evaluated. The indicators of deterioration were the sensory attribute (rancid taste) and evaluation of lipid oxidation based on the concentration of malonaldehyde. The shelf life was determined when the product reached a value of two points (sensorially unacceptable). From the results obtained, the kinetics of the deterioration reaction were defined and the activation energy was obtained using the Arrhenius model. The calculated shelf life, according to the sensory evaluation, were 277, 265 and 130 days, respectively, at the referred temperatures. Lipid oxidation kinetics were determined to be zero order with an activation energy of 42.17 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral lichen planus is a chronic, mucocutaneous, inflammatory disease, with an unknown etiology. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to the tissues might be the cause. Malonaldehyde (MDA), a low molecular weight end product of lipid peroxidation reaction is a suitable biomarker of endogenous DNA damage. monitoring the oxidant-antioxidant status of saliva may serve as an efficient marker of disease development in oral lichen planus patients. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate salivary oxidative stress in oral lichen planus subject using MDA and compare it with control subjects. Furthermore, to compare MDA levels in erosive and hypertrophic lichen planus. Materials and Methods: The current study is case-control study. Unstimulated salivary samples in the morning hours were taken from oral lichen planus subjects (n = 25) and controls subjects without any oral disease (n = 25). The saliva was centrifuged at 900 g for 10 min at a temperature of 4°C. Then, the entire filtrate was transferred to Eppendorf test tubes and frozen at-80°C until analysis. Salivary MDA was done through thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay as per the protocol laid down by the manufacturer (Sigma Aldrich Lipid Peroxidation Assay Kit). Results: The data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and the statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test using SPSS version 21 IBM software. The salivary level of MDA was significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The higher level of MDA in patients with oral lichen planus suggests that free radicals and the resulting oxidative damage may be important in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the biotoxic effects of oxytetracycline wastewater, the toxicity effects of oxytetracycline wastewater on zebrafish are studied by exposure test. The results show that oxytetracycline wastewater is a low toxic substance to zebrafish. The SOD activity and POD activity of zebrafish are differently inhibited at 3~9 d. At 12 d, SOD activity and POD activity are significantly induced (0.01

During a synthesis of pyranylidene-substituted malonaldehyde, the main reaction product was a ketoaldehyde that was generated by further ANRORC rearrangement of the formed malonaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heavy metal mercury (Hg) is one of the most complex and toxic pollutants. When present in soils, it may impair plant growth, but the intensity of damage depends on the physical-chemical properties of the soil such as pH, clay, and organic matter content, which in turn affects Hg sorption and bioavailability. Understanding Hg potential damage to staple food crops is of paramount relevance. Here, we evaluated the physiological effects of Hg in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and Avena sativa (oat) cultivated in two Oxisols with contrasting properties: Rhodic Acrudox (RA) and Typic Hapludox (TH). We performed four independent experiments (one per species/soil combination) that lasted 30 days each. Treatments were composed by HgCl2 concentrations in soils (0 to 80 mg kg−1 Hg). At the end of the experiment, we determined the impact of Hg on photosynthesis, nutritional status, and oxidative stress. Cultivation in TH contaminated with Hg resulted in oxidative stress in common bean and decreased photosynthesis/P accumulation in oat. No deleterious effects on physiological variables were detected in both species when cultivated in the RA soil. In general, we conclude that the lower Hg sorption in the TH soil resulted in toxicity-like responses, while acclimation-like responses were observed in plants cultivated in RA, reinforcing soil physical-chemical properties as key features driving Hg toxicity in Oxisols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Drought is the most harmful environmental factor crop productivity. Some chemicals are used in agriculture to mitigate the damage from this stress on plants. Therefore, we examined whether the spraying of zinc sulfate (ZS), potassium phosphite (KPhi) and the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) would mitigate the deleterious effects of water deficit on sunflower plants by analyzing physiological and biometric characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme: [Factor A (Alleviators)] - spraying of KPhi (0.5 L ha-1), ZS (3.2 kg ha-1), NaHS (1.2 g ha-1), and water; [Factor B (substrate humidity, SH)] - 100% (well irrigated) and 30% (water deficit, WD) of field capacity. Under WD conditions, alleviators led to the maintenance of higher values of water potential (ΨW), a lower content of leaf malonaldehyde (MDA), and increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POX), except for ZS. However, leaf osmotic potential, proline concentration, variables related to gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and biometric characteristics differed only according to the SH factor. The results of ΨW and MDA for sunflower plants under WD are indicative of the mitigating capacity of ZS, KPhi, and H2S. Thus, the spraying of these compounds on sunflower plants mitigates the effects of WD, acting specifically in physiological processes related to antioxidant responses and in the maintenance of water in leaf tissues.

Vitamins play an essential role in broiler nutrition. They are fundamental for normal metabolic and physiological process, and their requirements for poultry are not fixed and can be affected by multiple factors. In contrast, mycotoxins are a challenging issue because they hinder performance and the immune system. Vitamin supplementation above minimum requirements would permit improvement in productive potential, health, bone and meat quality in a situation of mycotoxin challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of optimum vitamin nutrition in diets contaminated with aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 44 days of age. A total of 1800 Cobb 500 male chicks were randomized to 15 sets of eight treatment groups, each containing 15 birds using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design (commercial vitamin levels and high vitamin levels, two levels of aflatoxin – 0 and 0.5 ppm with binder levels of 0 and 10 000 mg/kg). The mash diets were corn and soybean meal based, formulated according to commercial practices. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were analyzed for birds from 1 to 44 days of age. To determine carcass characteristics (carcass yield, breast yield and leg yield) and black bone syndrome, two birds were slaughtered from each group at 45 days. Other analyses included breast tenderness, water loss by dripping and malonaldehyde concentrations. The results demonstrated that broilers that were fed high levels of vitamins showed better weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and breast yield than broilers that were fed diets with commercial vitamin levels (P < 0.05); also, broilers that were fed diets containing 0.5 ppm aflatoxin had lower weight gain, carcass yield and breast yield (P < 0.05). The use of 10 000 mg/kg of binder improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion throughout the rearing period. We conclude that aflatoxin negatively affects performance and carcass yield; however, feeding optimum vitamin nutrition improved these performance traits.

Our previous studies revealed that etomidate, a non-barbiturate intravenous anesthetic agent, has protective effects on retinal ganglion cells within 7 days after optic nerve transection. Whether this process is related to anti-oxidative stress is not clear. To reveal its mechanism, we established the optic nerve transection injury model by transecting 1 mm behind the left eyeball of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats received an intraperitoneal injection of etomidate (4 mg/kg) once per day for 7 days. The results showed that etomidate significantly enhanced the number of retinal ganglion cells retrogradely labeled with Fluorogold at 7 days after optic nerve transection. Etomidate also significantly reduced the levels of nitric oxide and malonaldehyde in the retina and increased the level of glutathione at 12 hours after optic nerve transection. Thus, etomidate can protect retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection in adult rats by activating an anti-oxidative stress response. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at Air Force Medical University, China (approval No. 20180305) on March 5, 2018.

Copyright of Dixi is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was carried out to compare the egg quality, fatty acid (FA) profiles, and oxidative stability of yolks from hens maintained in cages and fed a conventional diet (CON), those fed a conventional diet with free access to outdoor grassy area (5 m2/hens) under free-range conditions (FR), and those fed an organic diet and free access to outdoor grassy area (10 m2/hens) under in organic system (ORG). Heavier eggs were produced by CON, while percentages of yolk and eggshell were greater in eggs of FR and ORG hens. The FR and ORG hens produced eggs that contained significantly more monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) but less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than CON hens. Eggs from FR and ORG hens had a lower concentration of PUFA n-6 because of less C18:2 n-6 (linoleic acid) and a higher percentage of PUFA n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid). Consequently, the ratio of PUFA n-6 to n-3 for eggs from FR and ORG hens was healthier for consumers compared with CON. However, eggs from the ORG hens had a similar FA profile to those from the FR hens. No significant differences were noted in hypocholesterolaemic (HI), atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic indexes. Antioxidant concentration was greatest in eggs from ORG hens (retinol-14.32 μg/g and α -tocopherol-98.7 μg/g/yolk). Thus, the oxidative stability of eggs measured after storage at 4 °Cfor 15 or 30 days was improved. The best eggs in terms of nutritional value were from the ORG system in which hens lived in their natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are regarded as critical tools for overcoming ongoing and prospective crop productivity challenges. MONPs with distinct physiochemical characteristics boost crop production and resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought. They have recently been used to improve plant growth, physiology, and yield of a variety of crops grown in drought-stressed settings. Additionally, they mitigate drought-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the aggregation of osmolytes, which results in enhanced osmotic adaptation and crop water balance. These roles of MONPs are based on their physicochemical and biological features, foliar application method, and the applied MONPs concentrations. In this review, we focused on three important metal oxide nanoparticles that are widely used in agriculture: titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe3O4). The impacts of various MONPs forms, features, and dosages on plant growth and development under drought stress are summarized and discussed. Overall, this review will contribute to our present understanding of MONPs’ effects on plants in alleviating drought stress in crop plants.

The study aims to investigate the effects of (-)-Linarinic acid (LA) and one of its derivatives (LAd) on brain injury induced by ischemia. Malonaldehyde (MDA) is determined as an index for lipid peroxidation both in vitro and vivo. Mice were pre-treated with LA and LAd for 3 d. Thereafter, they were induced to have incomplete cerebral ischemia with both bilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypotension (BCAOH). In the first part of the in vivo experiment, mice were divided into four groups: sham (control), ischemia, ischemia + LA (200 mg/kg, i.g.) and ischemia + LAd (200 mg/kg, i.g.). In the second part, the dose-response of LAd was investigated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.g., respectively. A modified neurological severity score was developed for evaluating behavioral deficits of the mice with ischemia. Brains of the mice were excised in order to determinate MDA after ischemia for 6 h. Survival time, survival rate, neurological injury score and MDA level in brains were observed. Results were: 1) The data in vitro showed that both LA and LAd could inhibit the generation of MDA. IC50 values obtained by Probit analysis were 2.9 mM for LAd and 4.88 mM for LA; 2) BCAOH could significantly shorten the survival span, reduce the survival rate and cause neurological deficits, which were associated with high level of lipid hydroperoxide production in cerebral tissues; 3) LAd decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the neurological outcome more than LA. It is concluded that LAd offers a better neuroprotection than LA against brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia.

BACKGROUND: Ligustrazine has been shown to protect the rat skeletal muscle under state of disuse, and protect against skeletal muscle atrophy in denervated rats. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ligustrazine on different phases of free radicals and enzyme metabolism after static postural load in rats. METHODS: The study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethical Committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Thirty-six SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control, model and ligustrazine groups. At 0.5 hour before experiment, the rats in the control and model groups were given 2 mL solvent via gavage, and ligustrazine group was given 2 mL ligustrazine solution. During the experiment, the rats in the control group received no load. The rats in the model and ligustrazine groups were fixed with the splint to maintain the static posture load, and the trunk part was fixed in the pre-made wooden box to maintain the straight state for 10 hours, to establish a static posture load rat model. The serum level of malonaldehyde, serum lactic dehydrogenase activity and Ca2+-ATPase activity in the soleus at different phases (2,5,8 and 10 hours) were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The serum level of malonaldehyde, serum lactic dehydrogenase activity and Ca2+-ATPase activity in the soleus did not change with time in the control group. Compared with 2 hours, in the model group, the serum level of malonaldehyde and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity were increased, and the Ca2+-ATPase activity was significantly decreased at 5, 8 and 10 hours (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with 2 hours, in the ligustrazine group, the serum level of malonaldehyde and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity were decreased, and the Ca2+-ATPase activity was significantly increased at 5, 8 and 10 hours (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the control group at the same phase, the serum level of malonaldehyde and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity in the model group were increased, and the Ca2+-ATPase activity was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group at the same phase (except 2 hours), the serum level of malonaldehyde and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity were significantly decreased in the ligustrazine group, and the Ca2+-ATPase activity was significantly increased (P < 0.01). (2) These results indicate that ligustrazine can significantly reduce the serum malonaldehyde content and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity caused by static postural load at different phases, and significantly increase the Ca2+-ATPase activity in the soleus, so as to alleviate the body injury caused by long-term static postural load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamins play an essential role in broiler nutrition. They are fundamental for normal metabolic and physiological process, and their requirements for poultry are not fixed and can be affected by multiple factors. In contrast, mycotoxins are a challenging issue because they hinder performance and the immune system. Vitamin supplementation above minimum requirements would permit improvement in productive potential, health, bone and meat quality in a situation of mycotoxin challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of optimum vitamin nutrition in diets contaminated with aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 44 days of age. A total of 1800 Cobb 500 male chicks were randomized to 15 sets of eight treatment groups, each containing 15 birds using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design (commercial vitamin levels and high vitamin levels, two levels of aflatoxin – 0 and 0.5 ppm with binder levels of 0 and 10 000 mg/kg). The mash diets were corn and soybean meal based, formulated according to commercial practices. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were analyzed for birds from 1 to 44 days of age. To determine carcass characteristics (carcass yield, breast yield and leg yield) and black bone syndrome, two birds were slaughtered from each group at 45 days. Other analyses included breast tenderness, water loss by dripping and malonaldehyde concentrations. The results demonstrated that broilers that were fed high levels of vitamins showed better weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and breast yield than broilers that were fed diets with commercial vitamin levels (P < 0.05); also, broilers that were fed diets containing 0.5 ppm aflatoxin had lower weight gain, carcass yield and breast yield (P < 0.05). The use of 10 000 mg/kg of binder improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion throughout the rearing period. We conclude that aflatoxin negatively affects performance and carcass yield; however, feeding optimum vitamin nutrition improved these performance traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of polydatin on the proliferation of renal cell line MPC5 induced by TGF-β1 in mice, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods MPC5 cells were divided into four groups: groups A, B, C, and D. The cells in the groups A, B and C were pretreated with polydatin 100 μmol/L for 24 h. After pretreatment, cells in the group A were cultured with polydatin for 2 h, and two hours later, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added in cells for 24 h. In the group B, 30 μmol/L of the inhibitor of miR-21 was added, and six hours later, 100 μmol/L polydatin were added, for 2 h, followed by addition of TGF-β1 for culturing 24 h. In the group C, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added for culturing 24 h. However, the group D was regarded as the blank control group, and it was added the ordinary culture medium. At the end of the training, the cell proliferation [optical density (OD value J was determined by MTT, the cell oxidative stress indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by spectrophotometer, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was detected by 2', 7 '-dichloro dihydrogen fluorescein diacetate ester load method, and the miR-21 and Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) protein were determined by Western blotting. Results The OD values in the groups A, B, C and D were 14. 73 ± l. 60, 12. 70 ± l. 13, 19. 31 ± l. 79 and 12. 62 ± l. 26, respectively. Compared with group D, the OD value increased in the group C (P < 0. 05); compared with group C, the OD value decreased in the group A (P < 0. 05); compared with group B, the OD value of the group A increased (P <0. 05). At 24 h after culture, compared with group D, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group C all increased, while the relative expression level of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group C, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group A all decreased, while the relative expression level of SOD increased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group B, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1 β in the group A increased, while the relative expression of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Conclusions Polydatin can inhibit the proliferation of MPC5 cells induced by TGF-β1. The possible mechanism is that polydatin regulates miR-21-related signaling pathways, further increases SOD content, reduces intracellular MDA and ROS content, and inhibits the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of polydatin on the proliferation of renal cell line MPC5 induced by TGF-β1 in mice, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods MPC5 cells were divided into four groups: groups A, B, C, and D. The cells in the groups A, B and C were pretreated with polydatin 100 μmol/L for 24 h. After pretreatment, cells in the group A were cultured with polydatin for 2 h, and two hours later, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added in cells for 24 h. In the group B, 30 μmol/L of the inhibitor of miR-21 was added, and six hours later, 100 μmol/L polydatin were added, for 2 h, followed by addition of TGF-β1 for culturing 24 h. In the group C, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 were added for culturing 24 h. However, the group D was regarded as the blank control group, and it was added the ordinary culture medium. At the end of the training, the cell proliferation [optical density (OD value J was determined by MTT, the cell oxidative stress indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by spectrophotometer, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was detected by 2', 7 '-dichloro dihydrogen fluorescein diacetate ester load method, and the miR-21 and Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) protein were determined by Western blotting. Results The OD values in the groups A, B, C and D were 14. 73 ± l. 60, 12. 70 ± l. 13, 19. 31 ± l. 79 and 12. 62 ± l. 26, respectively. Compared with group D, the OD value increased in the group C (P < 0. 05); compared with group C, the OD value decreased in the group A (P < 0. 05); compared with group B, the OD value of the group A increased (P <0. 05). At 24 h after culture, compared with group D, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group C all increased, while the relative expression level of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group C, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the group A all decreased, while the relative expression level of SOD increased (all P < 0. 05). Compared with the group B, the relative expression levels of MDA, ROS, miR-21, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1 β in the group A increased, while the relative expression of SOD decreased (all P < 0. 05). Conclusions Polydatin can inhibit the proliferation of MPC5 cells induced by TGF-β1. The possible mechanism is that polydatin regulates miR-21-related signaling pathways, further increases SOD content, reduces intracellular MDA and ROS content, and inhibits the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]