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Is trying to earn status effective or self‐defeating? We show that whether effort increases or decreases admiration and respect (i.e., status) depends on how the person is trying to earn status. Groups evaluate people along multiple status dimensions (e.g., wealth, coolness). Each dimension is associated with a different ideology, or set of beliefs, that ascribe status to behaviors that contribute to the group's goals. Whether behaviors, including effort, increase status, thus, depends on the ideologies that people use to interpret if a behavior contributes to the group. Four experiments demonstrate that people earn more status when they try to become wealthy compared to when they are effortlessly wealthy, but earn less status when they try to become cool compared to when they are effortlessly cool. Effort increases status when directed at wealth but not at coolness because contemporary ideologies suggest that people who gain wealth through effort contribute more to society, whereas people who gain coolness through effort contribute less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background The main objective of this nationwide study was to investigate changes in outcomes between baseline and eight months of participation regarding anthropometrics, control and support, physical activity, diet attentiveness, perceived fitness, sleep, and stress of participants in Coaching on Lifestyle (CooL), a Combined Lifestyle Intervention (CLI). Since the study took place when the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, we defined a subobjective, i.e., to address changes in intervention outcomes over time while participants were exposed to pandemic-related restrictions and uncertainties. Methods Data were collected from November 2018 until October 2021 at different locations across the Netherlands from 1824 participating adults, meeting the CLI inclusion criteria. We collected a broad set of data on anthropometrics (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference), control and support (self-mastery, social support), physical activity (sedentary time on least/most active days, physical active minutes), diet attentiveness (attentiveness to meal composition, awareness to amounts of food and attentiveness to consuming), alcohol consumption, smoking, perceived fitness (perceived health, fitness when waking, fitness during daytime, impact daily stress), sleep and stress. Results All outcomes showed improvements after eight months compared to baseline except for social support and smoking. Large effect sizes were found on weight (0.57), waist circumference (0.50) and perceived health (0.50). Behaviour patterns showed small to large effect sizes, with the largest effect sizes on diet attentiveness (i.e., attentiveness to meal composition (0.43), awareness to amounts of food (0.58) and attentiveness to consuming (0.39)). The outcomes of participants pre COVID-19 versus during COVID-19 showed differences on self-mastery (p = 0.01), sedentary time (all underlying constructs p

In the center of the author’s attention are the percussion instruments of jazz origin from the 1950s. The purpose of the paper consists in the analysis of the interpretative features developed within two main currents of jazz from this period, namely: West Coast Jazz and East Coast Jazz. The stylistic specificity of the cool style drummers stands out through the restrained way of expression – both in the accompanying and solo fragments. C. Hamilton was one of the first modern drummers who had the courage to abandon the jazz rhythms of the classical period. The performer created distinctive and memorable rhythmic patterns, later using them as accompaniment. Instead of using ride cymbals and high-hats in the accompaniment, C. Hamilton implemented the snare drum or tom-tom as the main voice. Therefore, each piece had individualized rhythmic patterns and its own coloring. The main style of East Coast jazz was hard bop, represented by great drummers such as Philly Joe Jones, Roy Brooks, Louis Hayes, Art Taylor, Roy Haynes, Roger Humphries, Elvin Jones, Lex Humphries, Max Roach, Art Blakey, Mickey Roker, Ben Riley, Jimmy Cobb, Frankie Dunlop, Billy Higgins.

Background: The main objective of this nationwide study was to investigate changes in outcomes between baseline and eight months of participation regarding anthropometrics, control and support, physical activity, diet attentiveness, perceived fitness, sleep, and stress of participants in Coaching on Lifestyle (CooL), a Combined Lifestyle Intervention (CLI). Since the study took place when the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, we defined a subobjective, i.e., to address changes in intervention outcomes over time while participants were exposed to pandemic-related restrictions and uncertainties. Methods: Data were collected from November 2018 until October 2021 at different locations across the Netherlands from 1824 participating adults, meeting the CLI inclusion criteria. We collected a broad set of data on anthropometrics (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference), control and support (self-mastery, social support), physical activity (sedentary time on least/most active days, physical active minutes), diet attentiveness (attentiveness to meal composition, awareness to amounts of food and attentiveness to consuming), alcohol consumption, smoking, perceived fitness (perceived health, fitness when waking, fitness during daytime, impact daily stress), sleep and stress. Results: All outcomes showed improvements after eight months compared to baseline except for social support and smoking. Large effect sizes were found on weight (0.57), waist circumference (0.50) and perceived health (0.50). Behaviour patterns showed small to large effect sizes, with the largest effect sizes on diet attentiveness (i.e., attentiveness to meal composition (0.43), awareness to amounts of food (0.58) and attentiveness to consuming (0.39)). The outcomes of participants pre COVID-19 versus during COVID-19 showed differences on self-mastery (p = 0.01), sedentary time (all underlying constructs p < 0.02), perceived fitness (all underlying constructs p < 0.02) and stress (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results show that small changes in multiple behaviours go along with a large positive change in perceived health and health-related outcomes in line with the lifestyle coaching principles. In addition, participating in CooL may have protected against engaging in unhealthier behaviour during the pandemic. Trial registration: As the CLI is considered usual health care that does not fall within the scope of the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act, this study was exempt from trial registration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Large Hadron Collider experiments, in addition to obtaining data on physical quantities, it is extremely important to obtain comprehensive information about the technical condition of detectors and systems for starting, shutting down, and monitoring all collider experiments. These tasks are performed by detector control systems. This article describes the ATLAS detector control system, its general structure, and the interconnection of elements. The direction of modernization of the system software is presented. The modernization of one of the main units for transferring information between databases is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sosialisasi tentang pentingnya menjaga Lingkungan sekolah dan lingkungan masyarakat kepada warga SMA Negeri 5 Tapung, apalagi SMA Negeri 5 Tapung ini semenjak berdiri pada tahun 2016 belum pernah diadakan gerakan penghijauan dengan penanaman pohon pelindung, sehingga sekolah ini terasa sangat gersang sekali. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini disampaikan oleh tim Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Universitas Lancang Kuning, dan setelah dilakukan sosialisasi, maka di lanjutkan dengan Penanaman 250 Pohon pelindung yang terdiri dari (Pohon mahoni sebanyak 50 batang, pohon rambutan sebanyak 50 batang, pohon durian sebanyak 50 batang, pohon nangka sebanyak 50 batang, dan pohon Matoa sebanyak 50 batang), Manfaat yang akan dicapai dengan kegiatan ini adalah sebagai berikut, mengurangi polusi, mengurangi partikel debu, pendidikan lingkungan disekolah, sarana pembelajaran, lingkungan sekolah menjadi asri, sebagai penghasil oksigen, lingkungan sekolah menjadi lebih sejuk, menambah persedian air bagi komponen abiotic.

Sugar-containing foods offered at cooler temperatures tend to be less appealing to many animals. However, the mechanism through which the gustatory system senses thermal input and integrates temperature and chemical signals to produce a given behavioral output is poorly understood. To study this fundamental problem, we used the fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We found that the palatability of sucrose is strongly reduced by modest cooling. Using Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological recordings, we demonstrate that bitter gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) and mechanosensory neurons (MSNs) are activated by slight cooling, although sugar neurons are insensitive to the same mild stimulus. We found that a rhodopsin, Rh6, is expressed and required in bitter GRNs for cool-induced suppression of sugar appeal. Our findings reveal that the palatability of sugary food is reduced by slightly cool temperatures through different sets of thermally activated neurons, one of which depends on a rhodopsin (Rh6) for cool sensation.

In recent years, the City of Los Angeles has been leading the efforts to combat Urban Heat. In particular, the City outlined a goal of reducing the urban-rural temperature differential by 3°F by 2035 (Sustainable City pLAn, 2015). To achieve this goal, the Bureau of Street Services (StreetsLA), initiated the installation of solar reflective 'Cool Pavements' across fifteen City Council Districts. The report draws upon three empirical research methods to examine the thermal comfort of the novel Cool Pavements Project in the Sun Valley neighborhood in Los Angeles. For this study, Sun Valley site was selected because the area received three different treatments of the Cool Pavements, and has a patch of regular asphalt pavement within the same neighborhood block.

The last several years has seen an incredible rise in the visibility of right wing South Asian American politicians. This essay examines the unprecedented media battle waged by and against one such figure, Ajit Pai, the Trump-appointed Chair of the Federal Communications Commission who led a charge to repeal net neutrality. This battle, which took place through promotional videos that Pai produced and a racist meme-driven backlash, is a rich archive for exploring the shifting racial constructions of the 'model minority' in neoliberal times. It reveals new ways in which the 'model minority' is performing race and in turn being racialized. It thereby extends our understanding of how model minority discourse works as a strategy of state governance and of disciplining people of color. Pai enacts what I call 'model minority cool', a subject position that insidiously deploys race: while it performs 'cool' to identify as a person of color who experiences racism, it perpetuates white supremacy. In turn, the backlash against Pai reveals that the model minority is now fungible with the intersecting, abject categories of terrorist, fag, and Black, extending the disciplining reach of model minority ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Oscar Wilde's contribution to the development of a particularly contemporary sensibility or attitude, in which the dominant aesthetic category is not art but style. This sensibility is crystallised most clearly in the figure of the dandy, and the paper will locate Wilde's dandyism in a continuum from Charles Baudelaire through Salvador Dalí to modern artists and celebrities such as David Bowie and Miles Davis. With a particular focus on Wilde's appearance before American audiences on his 1882 lecture tour, I shall also argue that Wilde's cultivation of dandyism is analogous with black 'Cool', and that it is the basis for his continuing 'afterlife' in contemporary culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the ovulatory response and reproductive performance after Ovsynch protocol in noncyclic dairy cows during the warm (n = 43) and cool seasons (n = 70). Noncyclic cows (n=113) received Ovsynch protocol; GnRH1 (d 0); PGF2α (d 7); GnRH2 (d 9); FTAI (d 10). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed to determine the preovulatory follicle size (d 0, d 10) and ovulatory response to the GnRH1 (d 7) and GnRH2 (d 17). Follicle size at the onset of Ovsynch was not different in cool season (20.8 ± 0.9 mm) compared to that in warm season (19.1 ± 1.1 mm, P > 0.05). The percentage of small-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch was higher (P < 0.05) in warm season (37.2%) than cool season (18.6%). However, follicle size at FTAI was similar (P > 0.05) between warm (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and cool (15.8 ± 0.3) seasons. Ovulatory response to the GnRH1 and the GnRH2 of Ovsynch were not different during the warm (90.7%, 83.7%) and cool seasons (81.4%, 87.1%), respectively (P > 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also similar (P > 0.05) during the warm (34.9%) and cool seasons (35.7%). Cows that had large-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch had a tendency (P = 0.08) for lower pregnancy rate in warm season (12.5%) compared to cool season (52.6%). It was concluded that season did not affect the ovulatory response to the first GnRH and pregnancy rate in noncyclic dairy cows that were synchronized with Ovsynch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from aesthetics as a discipline of knowledge, this research revolves around different concepts, phenomena and trends that participate in aesthetics. Decoding elements such as taste, cool and new aesthetics, or analyzing phenomena such as bad taste, we delimit a broad and abstract conception of aesthetics. Exposing these aspects allows us to promote a general point of view that makes aesthetic meta-information accessible, revealing its mechanisms, dynamics and intrinsic structures. Due to its influence on the configuration of the context, the conforma-tion of subjectivity and the production of collective imaginaries and, therefore, of society, we understand aesthetics as a discipline that allows the knowability of its environment, conditioning other spheres such as the political, the economic or the anthropological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intra-dialytic hypotension (IDH) and pruritus are frequent and distressing complications during hemodialysis; moreover, they are associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of the work: The current work aimed to investigate the effect of applying individualized cool dialysate (ICD) on IDH, dialysis adequacy, pruritus and its acceptance by both patient and nephrologists. Patients and Methods: This is a non-randomized single center study that was conducted at Al-Azher nephrology and dialysis unit. The study was carried out over a period of fvie weeks. Core body temperature (CBT) and dialysis adequacy (by Kt/v) were measured. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent hemodialysis for six consecutive sessions at dialysate temperature of 37°C, followed by another six consecutive sessions at ICD temperature (0.5 oC below CBT). Blood pressure (BP) measurements, episodes of hypotension, pruritus score, patients and nephrologist questionnaire were collected during both standard and cool phases. Results: The study included 50 patients, the mean age 51.10±11.57 years, and males constituted 64% . The implementation of ICD has been associated with a significant reduction in IDH episodes (p

This study examined the lived experiences of 12 students in recovery from Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) who were members of Collegiate Recovery Programs (CRPs) at three academically-recognized universities that are also designated to be "party schools." Using a three-interview series for in-depth phenomenological interviewing, this study investigated how students in recovery in CRPs make sense of their pasts, their present-day lives, and their futures. By analyzing students' use of narrative, their use of social and cultural discourses, and the shifting subject positions they adopted, co-opted, and disputed in their ongoing identity construction as individuals in recovery, three main discursive themes were identified: First, recovery discourses were primarily rooted in the discourses of Alcoholics Anonymous. A second set of discourses drove students to acquire the qualifications necessary to gain a professional career and to avoid falling out of their social class. In the third set of discourses, students in CRPs defined and claimed social power for themselves, and their CRPs helped them establish various means to be "cool" in college. Reshuffling discourses to (re)position themselves, students in CRPs resisted college discourses that invited them to return to active use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing in 2004, bell hooks suggests that Black men respond to histories of patriarchal domination and emotional isolation through a "politics of cool." She ties the notion of cool to the ability to be "real." For her this is epitomized by the vulnerability of blues and jazz musicians whose art was historically a form of lament. She contrasts this with the versions of rap and hip-hop that, she says, use "cool" to distance men from their feelings. Whether empowering or a form of further disenfranchisement, the strategies of cool are the subject of this article. It asks how the politics of cool intersects with race and gender. The article considers the epistemology of "cool" across different consumer media. The music video, This Is America, it is argued, resists easy classification but expands the concept of and jouissance of 'cool' so that violence too becomes a kind of vulnerability, an expression of pain. The art of Mohau Modisakeng likewise pulls the politics of cool into the gallery and creates new possibilities for the sublimation of righteous anger. Through iterations of cool, Black masculine subjectivities are discussed as in tension with the dream of decolonization and the transnational reality of capitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1990s and early 2000s, "cool' received substantial scholarly attention, some influential studies claiming that cool was becoming the dominant ethic in contemporary consumer societies, with increasingly global resonance. Yet it remains an elusive and complex phenomenon approached from numerous disciplinary islands, though sometimes curiously absent from studies of related phenomena such as fashion, 'authenticity', the 'hipster' and 'low affect'. In the light of developments since the early 2000s (including apparently substantial changes to the form and content of coolness), I argue here for the continued relevance of cool and the need for re-evaluation of key ideas of the 1990s and 2000s. The paper briefly suggests why cool has proved so tricky to work with, before identifying five key themes in existing studies, highlighting some contradictions which invite further endeavour, perhaps focused on renewed attention to cool in relation to forms of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We often think of “cool” as an imperative of youth. But what does it mean to think of “cool” in relation to the aging body? This essay engages the shifting aesthetics of aging bodies asking what this view of the self and identity signals and in what contexts? In philosophy and political theory aging is rarely studied in terms of views of the self, experience, or aesthetics; more frequently we see aging in terms of demographics, workers past their prime, or in a framework of decline. I argue that there is an emerging “cool” aesthetics of aging bodies that is not simply about chasing youth. These aesthetics revolve in particular around what aging bodies wear, or do not wear. That is, fashion in terms of clothing, accessories, dress, and ways to augment assisting tools (canes for example) has an outsized role in the aesthetics of the aging body. Although who ages well and how, and who can dress well and how, are shaped by nation, gender, class, religion, and other social identity categories, aging is an identity still undertheorized in fashion and political philosophy.

“I’m cool … / That’s cool … / He/She’s the coolest ...:” exclamations like these have described various types of elements: names, things, cities, characters, in a constant search of novelty and more à la page, more exciting and, of course, more niche. Who is cool is unique, unrepeatable but with a lot of imitators who sublimate the image and reverberate through many different means of communication: from the traditional to the contemporary, from the mass media to the most elite channels. But what identifies a person, a product, or a city as cool? Is it a strategy? Is it marketing or a spontaneous attitude? Is it one of these things or a combination of them? Starting from this assumption and from some emblematic case studies from the worlds of fashion, art, music, and in general all the creative fields (from the Marchesa Casati to Frida Kahlo, from Anna Piaggi to Miuccia Prada, from the “presence” of John Galliano and Maurizio Cattelan to the “absence” of Martin Margiela and Banksy, from Virgil Abloh’s multitasking attitude to Alessandro Michele’s conceptual retro-aesthetics, from Tamara de Lempicka’s “being cool and famous strategy” to the analysis of the trends’ life cycle, from the movie parodies of Totò (the Neapolitan actor) to Steve Jobs’s cool-nerd aesthetics and the design of contemporary new icons, this paper intends to investigate the roots behind the construction of coolness. This is a concept, that to be long-term and broadly resilient and not to be lost in “the long tail” of niches and subcultures, requires, now more than ever, solid cultural foundations and distinct elements wisely mixed.

On the confessional pages of her memoirs Prozac Nation and More, Now, Again and in the meditations on popular culture that characterise her journalism and non-fiction, Elizabeth Wurtzel's writing demonstrates a consistent emphasis on images of iconic rebellion. Recognising the ways these patterns mesh with her wider focus on addiction and depression, this article situates Wurtzel's vision of outsiderdom in relation to cool's often explicitly masculine discourses and moves from there to demonstrate the extent to which the focus on cool lifestyles informs her representations of addiction and depression. In terms that connect the cultural with the psychological, 'Uncomfortably numb' illuminates not just Wurtzel's writing and the patterns that shape the interpretation of cool, but the nature of the way a depressive self is narrated, negotiated and understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mouse behavioral assays have proven useful for the study of thermosensation, helping to identify receptors and circuits responsible for the transduction of thermal stimuli and information relay to the brain. However, these methods typically rely on observation of behavioral responses to various temperature stimuli to infer sensory ability and are often unable to disambiguate innocuous thermosensation from thermal nociception or to study thermosensory circuitry which do not produce easily detectable innate behavioral responses. Here we demonstrate a new testing apparatus capable of delivering small, rapid temperature change stimuli to the mouse's skin, permitting the use of operant conditioning to train mice to recognize and report temperature change. Using this assay, mice that were trained to detect a large temperature change were found to generalize this learning to distinguish much smaller temperature changes across the entire range of innocuous temperatures tested. Mice with ablated TRPV1 and TRPM8 neuronal populations had reduced ability to discriminate temperature differences in the warm (>35°C) and cool (<30°C) ranges, respectively. Furthermore, mice that were trained to recognize temperature changes in only the cool, TRPM8-mediated temperature range did not generalize this learning in the warm, TRPV1-mediated range (and vice versa), suggesting that thermosensory information from the TRPM8- and TRPV1-neuronal populations are perceptually distinct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines knowledge production in the sociology of music. Focusing on the idea of cool music, we interrogate the nature of music researchers' relationship with their object of research. While the qualification and connotation of cool is widespread in popular music, sociology has largely neglected to engage with it as an object of research. Instead, the sociological investigation of music audiences is divided between two opposed but co-constructed paradigms that ultimately do not account for how cool emerges as a qualifier and connotation, how it performs as a discourse on music, and to what effect. Using the example of aging music researchers as a departure point, we examine how the cool connotations of music function as a mode of discourse that legitimates particular knowledge, practice, and taste, demarcating insider/outsider status. We explore how music acquires social connotations such as "cool" and whether that alters music researchers' approaches to it. We argue that apart from the disclosure of inclinations, social characteristics, and relationships to the object of research (music scenes, preferences, fandom, and so on), the tradition of reflexive empirical perspectives in music sociology should incorporate further deconstruction of the transformative dimensions in the relations between music and researcher. Music, as a complex and dynamic object, thus, requires sociology to produce accounts that both encompass people's enjoyment and experience as well as its boundary-defining capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of climate change are already visible, and yet, its effect on psychosocial factors, including the expression of empathy, affect, and social disconnection, is widely unknown. Outdoor conditions are expected to influence indoor conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of indoor air temperature during work hours on empathy, positive and negative affect, and social disconnection. Participants ( N = 31) were exposed, in a cross-over design, to two thermal conditions in a simulated office environment. Questions on empathy and social disconnection were administered before and after the exposure to each condition, while affect was measured throughout the day. Subjective thermal sensation and objective measures of mean skin temperature were considered. The results indicated a significant difference in empathy ( F (1, 24) = 5.37, p = 0.03, with an η = 0.126) between conditions. Participants reported increases in empathy after exposure to the warm condition compared to the cool condition, in which reductions in empathy were reported. Although the same pattern was observed for positive affect, the difference was smaller and the results were not significant. Thermal sensation had a significant effect on changes in empathy too ( 2 = 0.126) between conditions. Participants reported increases in empathy after exposure to the warm condition compared to the cool condition, in which reductions in empathy were reported. Although the same pattern was observed for positive affect, the difference was smaller and the results were not significant. Thermal sensation had a significant effect on changes in empathy too ( F (1, 54) = 7.015, p = 0.01, with an R 2 = 0.115), while mean skin temperature had no effect on empathy ( F (1, 6) = 0.53, p = 0.89, with an R 2 = 0.81). No effects were observed for positive and negative affect and social disconnection. Longitudinal studies are needed to support these findings.

While Marshall McLuhan is often acknowledged as an influential theorist for Game Studies, there is very little work currently available that directly attempts to apply McLuhan's theoretical framework and terminology. This article, therefore, provides an overview, interrogation and application of McLuhan's taxonomy of Hot and Cool media to digital games. McLuhan describes Hot media as 'high fidelity' and 'low participation', while Cool media are conversely 'high participation' and 'low fidelity'. The article summarizes McLuhan's conceptual spectrum and articulates how these qualities can exist not only within digital games but also within the player: their skills, competencies and literacies. In doing so, we propose the further quality of 'pattern' to better describe how Hot and Cool features operate within game experiences. The article finally discusses how Hot and Cool game designs can impact user's affective, cognitive, motoric and sociocultural responses to the play experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term "cool" likely originated in American jazz in the 1940s and was a superlative that indicated significant achievement within an aesthetic of restraint. Over the ensuing decades, the word evolved to mean a rebellious vision that breaches tradition and repudiates past versions of cool. Even though its linguistic roots are West African, the term accrued distinctly American connotations in racist, sexist, and homophobic contexts. The shimmering, mysterious indefinability of coolness—its you‐know‐it‐when‐you‐see‐it quality—helped conceal its phobic qualities. The author examines the homophobic context through the lens of an icon of cool, James Dean, who became for gay men an object both of identification and erotic desire. The essay considers whether the restraint of coolness is only masquerade, a product of disavowed bodily anxiety, or if it also represents integration and meaningful transformation. A clinical vignette and scenes from the film Rebel Without a Cause are used to exemplify these dilemmas from a psychoanalytic point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cool-associated tyrosine phosphorylated protein 1 (Cat1), also referred to as GPCR-kinase interacting protein 1 (Git1), is a ubiquitously expressed, multi-domain protein that is best known for regulating cell shape and migration. Cat1/Git1 functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) that inactivates certain members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family of small GTPases. It is also a scaffold that brings together several signaling proteins at specific locations within the cell, ensuring their efficient activation. Here we will discuss what is known regarding the classical role of Cat1/Git1 in the regulation of cell morphology and migration, as well as highlight some more recent findings that suggest this interesting signaling/scaffolding protein may also contribute in unexpected ways to oncogenic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal projection neurons are a major pathway through which somatic stimuli are conveyed to the brain. However, the manner in which this information is coded is poorly understood. Here, we report the identification of a modality-selective spinoparabrachial (SPB) neuron subtype with unique properties. Specifically, we find that cold-selective SPB neurons are differentiated by selective afferent input, reduced sensitivity to substance P, distinct physiological properties, small soma size, and low basal drive. In addition, optogenetic experiments reveal that cold-selective SPB neurons do not receive input from Nos1 inhibitory interneurons and, compared with other SPB neurons, show significantly smaller inhibitory postsynaptic currents upon activation of Pdyn inhibitory interneurons. Together, these data suggest that cold output from the spinal cord to the parabrachial nucleus is mediated by a specific cell type with distinct properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo se propone analizar un conjunto de iniciativas urbanas público-privadas, implementadas en el período 2007-2015 en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina, desde el enfoque de la gubernamentalidad. La hipótesis que guía este trabajo sostiene que, teniendo como foco el embellecimiento, el entretenimiento y la movilidad, las iniciativas apuntan a crear una escenografía que proyecta, en la vidriera nacional e internacional, al “centro de la ciudad” y a los sujetos que lo habitan, lo transitan y lo consumen como saludables, felices, emprendedores y cool. Las mismas operan movilizando emociones, instrumentalizando deseos y elecciones de los sujetos y construyendo diversas prácticas de habitar lo urbano que, bajo el signo de lo cool, promueven el consumo de la ciudad que se ofrece.

We explain the interplay of law and economics in the successful WTO challenge by Canada of U.S. mandatory country‐of‐origin labeling (COOL) measures for beef and pork, which hinged on origin of livestock used in U.S. meat production. Canada mounted a successful legal and economic strategy to convince WTO adjudicating bodies that the United States had violated specific WTO provisions. Canada's economic evidence shows that through costs of segregation the COOL measure harmed the competitive position of Canadian cattle and hogs in the U.S. market. Economic evidence was built into the strategy and cited by the WTO Panels in support of their legal findings that the COOL measure violated U.S. obligations under WTO agreements. Canada was awarded rights to more than one billion Canadian dollars in retaliation and the United States responded by eliminating the offending COOL measure. The COOL case demonstrates how economic and econometric evidence can be used in complex dispute settlement proceedings dealing with technical trade barriers. Economics is especially valuable in the initial stage of framing the effects at issue, in the intermediate stages of documenting empirical causation and in the final stage of litigation, which was to calculate and defend the amount of retaliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life quality improvement issue is a problem of national and international interest. This acquires total different values when it is to refer to a series of disadvantaged categories, that is the persons with locomotor disabilities. It is an inevitable social responsibility to create equal opportunities for disabled people, to prevent any intentional or unintentional discrimination that they face and apply positive discrimination if necessary to improve their living standards and to let them have an equal share from social development as productive individuals of society.

Ctactile (CT) afferents respond to gentle tactile stimulation, but only a handful of studies in humans and animals have investigated whether their firing is modified by temperature. We describe the effects of radiant thermal stimuli, and of stationary and very slowly moving mechanothermal stimuli, on CT afferent responses. We find that CT afferents are primarily mechanoreceptors, as they fired little during radiant thermal stimuli, but they exhibited different patterns of firing during combined mechano-cool stimulation compared with warming. CTs fired optimally to gentle, very slowly moving, or stationary mechanothermal stimuli delivered at neutral temperature (~32°C, normal skin temperature), but they responded with fewer spikes (median 67% decrease) and at significantly lower rates (47% decrease) during warm (~42°C) tactile stimuli. During cool tactile stimuli (~18°C), their mean instantaneous firing frequency significantly decreased by 35%, but they often fired a barrage of afterdischarge spikes at a low frequency (~5 Hz) that outlasted the mechanical stimulus. These effects were observed under a variety of stimulus conditions, including during stationary and slowly moving touch (0.1 cm/s), and we complemented these tactile approaches using a combined electrical-thermal stimulation experiment where we found a suppression of spiking during warming. Overall, CT afferents are exquisitely sensitive to tactile events, and we show that their firing is modulated with touch temperatures above and below neutral skin temperature. Warm touch consistently decreased their propensity to fire, whereas cool touch produced lower firing rates but afterdischarge spiking. NEW & NOTEWORTHY C-tactile (CT) afferents are thought to underpin pleasant touch, and previous work has shown that they respond optimally to a slow caress delivered at typical (neutral) skin temperature. Here, we show that, although CTs are primarily mechanoreceptive afferents, they are modified by temperature: warm touch decreases their firing, whereas cool touch produces lower firing rates but long-lasting spiking, frequently seen as afterdischarges. This has implications for the encoding of affective sensory events in human skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract On January 9, 2017, the United States (US) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration enacted the Seafood Import Monitoring Program (SIMP) in an effort to close the world's largest seafood market for illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. It also alleges to mitigate the widespread phenomenon of seafood fraud in the US by promoting traceable supply chains involved in its transnational commerce. This novel program shows the potential to complement the decades-long yet patchy seafood country-of-origin labelling in the US, as it mandates more complete and precise chain-of-custody information from harvest to arrival at the US border. In this context, this article further explores the regulatory room and fundamental pitfalls of this program to advance the human vision on sustainable fish and fisheries. It provides a legal and policy insight into the status quo and the reasons accountable for the SIMP to end up serving its narrowly-focused regulatory purposes. Upon that basis the article proposes practical ways for the system to develop and become a viable driver of ecological and social sustainability in the implementation years to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find out the seed vigour tests related to the field emergence and to combine the tests by a stepwise linear multiple regression model for the best prediction possibilities of field performance. Fifty-four seed lots of sunflower hybrids were investigated for germination, emergence, seedling growth, cool germination (CG) and cold test (CT), accelerated aging (AA) conditioned at 41, 43 and 45°C for 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h. Seed weight and oil content were not related to the emergence capacity of sunflower seed lots. The seed lots showed significant variation for initial seed viability ranked between 47.5% and 100.0%, but the field emergence ranged between 34.0% and 95.0%. Germination percentage was significantly correlated with the cool germination (r=0.823**), laboratory emergence (r=0.802**) and cold test (r=0.775**), respectively. The highest correlation coefficient for the field emergence was calculated with the laboratory emergence (r=0.856**), followed by the cool (r=0.783**) and cold test (r=0.735**). All of the combinations of AA conditions exhibited lower and insignificant correlations than that of others; consequently, it was not found as advisable for sunflower. A stepwise linear multiple regression revealed an ideal model consisted of the variables laboratory emergence, cool and cold test with determination coefficient of R²=0.80, y=6.46+0.89*LE+0.35*CG-0.41*CT for forecasting the field performance of sunflower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Somatosensation is a complex sense mediated by more than a dozen distinct neural subtypes in the periphery. Although pressure and touch sensation have been mapped to primary somatosensory cortex in rodents, it has been controversial whether pain and temperature inputs are also directed to this area. Here we use a well‐defined somatosensory modality, cool sensation mediated by peripheral TrpM8‐receptors, to investigate the neural substrate for cool perception in the mouse neocortex. Using activation of cutaneous TrpM8 receptor‐expressing neurons, we identify candidate neocortical areas responsive for cool sensation. Initially, we optimized TrpM8 stimulation and determined that menthol, a selective TrpM8 agonist, was more effective than cool stimulation at inducing expression of the immediate‐early gene c‐fos in the spinal cord. We developed a broad‐scale brain survey method for identification of activated brain areas, using automated methods to quantify c‐fos immunoreactivity (fos‐IR) across animals. Brain areas corresponding to the posterior insular cortex and secondary somatosensory (S2) show elevated fos‐IR after menthol stimulation, in contrast to weaker activation in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In addition, menthol exposure triggered fos‐IR in piriform cortex, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus. Menthol‐mediated activation was absent in TrpM8‐knock‐out animals. Our results indicate that cool somatosensory input broadly drives neural activity across the mouse brain, with neocortical signal most elevated in the posterior insula, as well as S2 and S1. These findings are consistent with data from humans indicating that the posterior insula is specialized for somatosensory information encoding temperature, pain, and gentle touch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study place dynamics in relationships between academically-oriented young people and their local rural places. With point of departure in rural settings with less obvious flagship attractions and cultural assets compared to urban high amenity settings, the paper contributes to the limited literature on the perception of place among academically-oriented youth, who in future potentially belong to the professional category of knowledge workers. Addressing identity, place and the concept of cool in relation to rural youth, we analyse the findings from 23 qualitative, in-depth interviews conducted with 49 young people in secondary education in two rural regions of Denmark to identify place dynamics in the relationships between these young people and their local places. The paper adds to the youth literature by demonstrating how rural youth produce, articulate and maintain identities and visions for desired futures with aspirations for urban lifestyles. Findings show that the interviewed youth's relationships to their local rural place are characterised by conflicting feelings of attachment, detachment, pride and entrapment, and that such feelings reflect on identity construction and seem to play an important role for future migration intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from African diasporic cosmology, Beyonce's Lemonade pivots on the tension of black being and unbeing constructed through and situated in a global order structured by the production of antiblackness. While bowing to Afropessimism's acknowledgement of the black unbeing produced by the precondition of antiblackness, and to the inescapability of social death and actual annihilation, I assert that Lemonade advances a black womanist aesthetic that articulates the complex effects of diasporic vertigo. Diasporic vertigo signals a fundamental effect of antiblackness that is at the same time the condition of its healing and resistance, calling forth the balancing forces of black femme resilience to counter its destabilizing effects. In this article, I formulate the concept of Afrxfuturism to explore Lemonade's investment in African-derived futurist cosmologies and the ethos of the crossroads that destabilizes polarizations of time, space, gender, and raced identity. In the place of black unbeing and erasure, Lemonade reflects and advances a black womanist Afrxfuturism that asserts Itutu, precision of self-expression and direction within instability. Conjuring balance in the maelstrom of antiblackness produces an Afrxfuturist aesthetic teeming with seeming paradoxes that can be best understood through the idiom of diasporic vertigo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]