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Hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added in the traditional anti-wrinkle finishing liquid, wrinkle recovery angle and the change of the strength were tested. The effect of HEMA was studied by changing the experiment time, temperature and the concentration of HEMA. When the baking temperature is 150°C, the treatment time is 3 min, the concentration of HEMA is 5%and the initiator ammonium persulfate is 0.5%, the anti-wrinkle finishing can get better effect. The results are that wrinkle recovery angle is 148.4°, compared with the sample without HEMA increased by 23.42%, and the corresponding strength is 161.07N, compared with original sample the strength retention rate is as high as 90.03%.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of ligand gated ion channels (LGICs) which transduce chemical signal into electrical signal in neuron and neuromuscular junction. They are pentamerics which contain an extra-cellular domain (also known as ligand binding domain or LBD), a trans-membrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain (intra-cellular domain). Agonist binding to the extra-cellular domain invokes positive ion flux as well as action potential in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells whereas antagonist binding inhibits ion flux. There are various endogenous or exogenous compounds which behave as agonists or antagonists targeting nAChRs. During the last decades, the whole structure of muscle type nAChR as well as the crystal structures of acetylcholine-binding proteins (AChBPs) which are homologues of the nAChRs extra-cellular domain has been obtained. These structures, together with other studies including mutation experiments and molecular simulations, provide insights into both of the nAChR architecture and its agonist binding cavity. Our review gives detailed accounts of the recent progresses in order to gain insights into agonist selectivity for different nAChR subtypes.

Fe3O4 has been demonstrated to be an efficient p-dopant in improving the performance of organic light-emitting devices. This paper investigates in detail the role of Fe3O4 in improving the hole injection and the hole transport by the ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption, x-ray, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4 as a p-dopant has different effectiveness when it is doped into different host materials. The improved properties of the OLEDs with the p-doped N, N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine layer is mainly due to the enhanced hole injection through the lowering of the hole injection barrier, while the enhanced hole transport plays a more important role for the OLEDs with the p-doped 4,4',4”-tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine due to their higher ability in the formation of charge transfer complex.

Magnetic field effects on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) by employing Fe3O4 as a magnetic dopant in the hole-transport layer (HTL) have been studied. The magnetic doped OLEDs exhibit efficient injection and transport of holes, and its performances are further enhanced after a magnetic field is applied. The enhancement of luminance and current efficiency of 20% and 24% has been obtained from the magnetic doped devices, while they are only 8% and 9%, respectively, for the nondoped devices under an applied magnetic field of 500 mT. Organic magnetoresistance induced by the magnetic doped HTL is the main origin of increased electroluminescence for the magnetic doped OLEDs.

Highly efficient top-emitting organic light-emitting devices (TOLEDs) using a Fe3O4 modified Ag anode have been demonstrated. The tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based TOLEDs exhibit a very low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V and a high current efficiency of 8.1 cd/A. The improved properties for the TOLEDs is mainly due to the enhanced hole injection by introducing the anodic buffer. The mechanism of this enhanced hole injection is studied by the X-ray and ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy, which demonstrated that the dipole layer is formed at the anode/organic interface and the hole-injection barrier is therefore reduced after introducing the thin Fe3O4 film between the Ag anode and the hole-transport layer.

Hole injection improvement in organic light-emitting devices with Fe3O4 as a buffer layer on indium tin oxide (ITO) has been demonstrated. The luminance and the current density are significantly enhanced by using the Fe3O4/ITO anode, as well as the turn-on voltage is reduced by 1.5 V compared to the devices without the buffer. Results of atom force microscopy, x ray, and UV photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the enhanced hole injection is attributed to the modification of the ITO surface and the reduced hole-injection barrier by the insertion of the Fe3O4 thin film between the ITO and hole-transporting layer.