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Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of febuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet versus allopurinol combined with a low‐purine diet in the treatment of gout. Method s : In this prospective controlled trial, 98 gout patients admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled as study subjects. Patients were randomly assigned to the study group (febuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet) and the control group (allopurinol combined with a low‐purine diet), with 49 patients in each group. The therapeutic effect was evaluated based on joint function and serum uric acid levels after treatment, and classified into three levels: markedly effective, effective, and ineffective. The levels of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor‐a (TNF‐a), cytokine interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), and interleukin (IL)‐18 (IL‐18), were collected. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used to assess the degree of pain in patients. Clinical indicators before and 6 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age and gender between the two groups. After 6 months of treatment, the effective rate in the study group (48 cases, 97.96%) was higher than that in the control group (42 cases, 85.71%), with a statistically significant difference (p =.027). At the same time, the study group had significantly lower levels of serum uric acid (162.39 μmol/L ± 17.23 μmol/L vs. S198.32 μmol/L ± 18.34 μmol/L, p <.001), creatinine (87.39 mmol/L ± 9.76 mmol/L vs. 92.18 mmol/L ± 9.27 mmol/L, p =.014), total cholesterol (3.65 mmol/L ± 0.65 mmol/L vs. 4.76 mmol/L ± 0.73 mmol/L, p <.001), and triglycerides (1.76 mmol/L ± 0.32 mmol/L vs. 2.28 mmol/L ± 0.41 mmol/L, p <.001) compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (p <.05). After treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors and degree of pain in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all p <.05). During the treatment process, the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group (2 cases, 4.08%) was lower than that in the control group (9 cases, 18.37%), with a statistically significant difference (p =.025). Conclusion: Febuxostat combined with a low‐purine diet can reduce inflammatory factors and alleviate the degree of pain in gout patients, significantly improving their clinical symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing concern regarding the impact of compound agroclimatic extreme events on crop yield, particularly in the context of projected increases in their frequency and intensity due to climate change. While previous studies have generally focused on compound hot and dry events in maize and wheat using growing-season relative thresholds, the time-variant physiological sensitivity of crops to climate extremes has not been sufficiently considered. We determined the spatiotemporal variations of compound climate extremes (CEs) for single- and late-rice in southern China during 1980–2014 and their underlying drivers using growth-stage specific physiological thresholds. Specifically, we carefully distinguished between concurrent compound events (CCEs) and consecutive compound events (CSEs). Our results indicated an increasing trend of compound hot-dry events for single-rice, but a decreasing trend of compound chilling-rainy events for late-rice. Spatially, the hotspots of compound hot-dry events for single-rice shifted from the lower Yangtze River Basin to its upper stream, and were dominated by the spatial differences in phenology rather than the occurrence of extreme events. The hotspots of compound chilling-rainy events for late-rice remained concentrated near the northwest edges of late-rice growing areas, indicating the limitation of thermal conditions. The occurrence and duration of CCEs was closely related to local temperature-moisture coupling (negative correlation). A path analysis suggested that temperature was the dominant factor influencing the changes in compound hot-dry events for single-rice. For the changes in compound chilling-rainy events for late-rice, the effect of temperature was only slightly larger than that of moisture. Our study has improved the understanding of compound climate extremes in China's rice production system, and the results provide important information for risk management and adaptation strategies under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zero-inflated count data model has long been viewed as an important research topic owing to its enormously different disciplines. As early classical statistical models of linear and logarithmic mean transformation are difficult to be consistent with reality, an enhanced hurdle model based on machine learning methods is proposed. The decision tree, random forest, support vector, and XGBoost methods are introduced in the two stages of the hurdle model. This framework allows to capture the decision-making behavior and predict the count more flexibly and accurately. The generalized hurdle model consists of traditional discrete distributions, which can fit under-dispersed, equi-dispersed, or over-dispersed count data. The extended hurdle models are utilized to fit health care data and compare their performance with traditional count models. The results show that the generalized hurdle model with random forest performs best. Variable importance, break-down plots, and partial plots provide better interpretability for the extended model, which makes the results more reliable and transparent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to generalize the hurdle model with interpretable machine learning methods in count data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the impact of climate change on year-to-year variation of crop yield is critical to global food stability and security. While crop model emulators are believed to be lightweight tools to replace the models, few emulators have been developed to capture such interannual variation of crop yield in response to climate variability. In this study, we developed a statistical emulator with a machine learning algorithm to reproduce the response of year-to-year variation of four crop yields to CO2 (C), temperature (T), water (W), and nitrogen (N) perturbations defined in the Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison Project (GGCMI) phase 2. The emulators were able to explain more than 52 % of the variance of simulated yield and performed well in capturing the year-to-year variation of global average and gridded crop yield over current croplands in the baseline. With the changes in CO2 –temperature–water–nitrogen (CTWN) perturbations, the emulators could reproduce the year-to-year variation of crop yield well over most current cropland. The variation of R and the mean absolute error was small under the single CTWN perturbations and dual-factor perturbations. These emulators thus provide statistical response surfaces of yield, including both its mean and interannual variability, to climate factors. They could facilitate spatiotemporal downscaling of crop model simulation, projecting the changes in crop yield variability in the future and serving as a lightweight tool for multi-model ensemble simulation. The emulators enhanced the flexibility of crop yield estimates and expanded the application of large-ensemble simulations of crop yield under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs) family, plays an important role in the innate immune response against pathogen invasions. NLRP3 inflammasome consisting of NLRP3 protein, the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC), and the effector protein pro-caspase-1, is central to this process. Upon activation, NLRP3 inflammasome initiates the release of inflammatory cytokines and triggers a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Dysregulation or inappropriate activation of NLRP3 has been implicated in various human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, colitis, depression, and gout. Consequently, understanding the mechanism underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation is critical for the development of therapeutic drugs. In the pursuit of potential therapeutic agents, peptides present several advantages over small molecules. They offer higher selectivity, increased potency, reduced toxicity, and fewer off-target effects. The advancements in molecular biology have expanded the opportunities for applying peptides in medicine, unlocking their vast medical potential. This review begins by providing a comprehensive summary of recent research progress regarding the mechanisms governing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Subsequently, we offer an overview of current peptide inhibitors capable of modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway. [Display omitted] • The updated composition and activation mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome. • Peptide inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome are summarized for the first time. • Discovery, design process and activity evaluation of bioactive peptides. • Provide new ideas for drug development targeting NLRP3 inflammasome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To date, no immunomodulatory drug has demonstrated its efficacy in primary SS (pSS). We sought to analyse potential commonalities between pSS transcriptomic signatures and signatures of various drugs or specific knock-in or knock-down genes. Methods Gene expression from peripheral blood samples of patients with pSS was compared with that of healthy controls in two cohorts and three public databases. In each of the five datasets, we analysed the 150 most up- and downregulated genes between pSS patients and controls with regard to the differentially expressed genes resulting from the biological action on nine cell lines of 2837 drugs, 2160 knock-in and 3799 knock-down genes in the Connectivity Map database. Results We analysed 1008 peripheral blood transcriptomes from five independent studies (868 patients with pSS and 140 healthy controls). Eleven drugs could represent potential candidate drugs, with histone deacetylases and PI3K inhibitors among the most significantly associated. Twelve knock-in genes were associated with a pSS-like profile and 23 knock-down genes were associated with a pSS-revert profile. Most of those genes (28/35, 80%) were interferon-regulated. Conclusion This first drug repositioning transcriptomic approach in SS confirms the interest of targeting interferons and identifies histone deacetylases and PI3K inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with excellent recoverability show a wide range of potential applications in portable power sources. The recoverability of FPSCs requires outstanding bendability of each functional layer, including the flexible substrates, electrodes, perovskite light absorbers, and charge transport materials. This review highlights the recent progress and practical applications of high‐recoverability FPSCs, and illustrates the routes toward improvement of the recoverability and environmental stability through the choice of flexible substrates and the preparation of high‐quality perovskite films, as well as the optimization of charge‐selective contacts. In addition, we explore the intrinsic properties of each functional layer from the physical perspective and analyze how to select suitable functional layers. Additionally, some effective strategies are summarized, including material modification engineering of selective contacts, additives and interface engineering of interlayers, which can release mechanical stress and increase the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) and recoverability of the FPSCs. The challenges of making high‐performance FPSCs with long‐term stability and high recoverability are discussed. Finally, future applications and perspectives for FPSCs are discussed, aiming to promote more extensive commercialization processes for lightweight and durable FPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) with excellent recoverability show a wide range of potential applications in portable power sources. The recoverability of FPSCs requires outstanding bendability of each functional layer, including the flexible substrates, electrodes, perovskite light absorbers, and charge transport materials. This review highlights the recent progress and practical applications of high‐recoverability FPSCs, and illustrates the routes toward improvement of the recoverability and environmental stability through the choice of flexible substrates and the preparation of high‐quality perovskite films, as well as the optimization of charge‐selective contacts. In addition, we explore the intrinsic properties of each functional layer from the physical perspective and analyze how to select suitable functional layers. Additionally, some effective strategies are summarized, including material modification engineering of selective contacts, additives and interface engineering of interlayers, which can release mechanical stress and increase the power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) and recoverability of the FPSCs. The challenges of making high‐performance FPSCs with long‐term stability and high recoverability are discussed. Finally, future applications and perspectives for FPSCs are discussed, aiming to promote more extensive commercialization processes for lightweight and durable FPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of China's bustling economy, a fascinating dynamic exists between family businesses and state-owned enterprises, characterized by a symbiotic relationship and collaboration. Many family firms today originate from state-owned enterprises. Hence, their earlier ownership institution can influence privatized family firms. However, the impact of this privatization on long-term strategic orientation is not clear. This study endeavors to shed light on this complex matter through meticulous examination, employing estimation and inference techniques through the use of a panel model with a discernible time trend. Combining both imprinting theory and institutional logic theory, this study finds that state ownership imprints intervene in the strategic outcomes of family firms: Privatized family firms induce a lower level of innovation as compared to non-privatized family firms. This research also finds that intergenerational succession weakens this effect while the proportion of state-owned shares strengthens it. Robustness tests, utilizing the PSM method, have been conducted to validate the credibility and reliability of the findings obtained through this study. The findings of this research serve as a testament to the ever-evolving dynamics and interconnectedness prevalent within the intricate tapestry of China's economic landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the most frequently seen type of primary liver cancer. Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death highly associated with mitochondrial metabolism. However, the clinical impact and pertinent mechanism of cuproptosis genes in LIHC remain largely unknown. Methods. From public databases, we systematically assessed common genes from LIHC differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and cuproptosis-related genes using bioinformatics analysis. These common genes were then analyzed by enrichment analysis, mutation analysis, risk score model, and others to find candidate hub genes related to LIHC and cuproptosis. Next, hub genes were determined by expression, clinical factors, immunoassay, and prognostic nomogram. Results. Based on 129 cuproptosis-related genes and 3492 LIHC DEGs, we totally identified 21 downregulated and 18 upregulated common genes, and they were enriched in pathways, such as zinc ion homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation. In the mutation analysis, missense mutation was the most common type in LIHC patients, and the common gene F5 had the highest mutation frequency. After LASSO-Cox regression analysis and prognostic analysis, CDK1, ABCB6, LCAT, and COA6 were identified as prognostic signature genes. Among them, ABCB6 and LCAT were lowly expressed in tumors, and CDK1 and COA6 were highly expressed in tumors. In addition, ABCB6 and LCAT were negatively correlated with 6 kinds of immune cells, while CDK1 and COA6 were positively correlated with them. CDK1 and COA6 were identified as hub genes related to LIHC by Cox regression analysis and prognostic nomogram. Conclusion. CDK1 and COA6 are two oncogenes in LIHC, which are involved in the molecular mechanism of cuproptosis and LIHC. Besides, CDK1 and COA6 can positively regulate the expressions of immune cells in LIHC. In clinical practice, they can be used as immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic predictors in LIHC, which sheds new light on the scientific fields of cuproptosis and LIHC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of charged biomacromolecules is widely found in biomineralization. To investigate the significance of this biological strategy for mineralization control, gelatin‐incorporated calcite crystals grown from gelatin hydrogels with different charge concentrations along the gel networks are examined. It is found that the bound charged groups on gelatin networks (amino cations, gelatin‐NH3+ and carboxylic anions, gelatin‐COO−) play crucial roles in controlling the single‐crystallinity and the crystal morphology. And the charge effects are greatly enhanced by the gel‐incorporation because the incorporated gel networks force the bound charged groups on them to attach to crystallization fronts. In contrast, ammonium ions (NH4+) and acetate ions (Ac−) dissolve in the crystallization media do not exhibit the similar charge effects because the balance of attachment/detachment make them more difficult to be incorporated. Employing the revealed charge effects, the calcite crystal composites with different morphologies can be flexibly prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic photothermal cocrystals, integrating the advantages of intrinsic organic cocrystals and the fascinating photothermal conversion ability, hold attracted considerable interest in both basic science and practical applications, involving photoacoustic imaging, seawater desalination, and photothermal therapy, and so on. However, these organic photothermal cocrystals currently suffer individual cases discovered step by step, as well as the deep and systemic investigation in the corresponding photothermal conversion mechanisms is rarely carried out, suggesting a huge challenge for their further developments. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to investigate and explore the rational design and synthesis of high‐performance organic photothermal cocrystals for future applications. This review first and systematically summarizes the organic photothermal cocrystal in terms of molecular classification, the photothermal conversion mechanism, and their corresponding applications. The timely interpretation of the cocrystal photothermal effect will provide broad prospects for the purposeful fabrication of excellent organic photothermal cocrystals toward great efficiency, low cost, and multifunctionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the deep integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing has improved the computing capability of the IoT perception layer. Existing offloading techniques for edge computing suffer from the single problem of solidifying offloading policies. Based on this, combined with the characteristics of deep reinforcement learning, this paper investigates a computation offloading optimization scheme for the perception layer. The algorithm can adaptively adjust the computational task offloading policy of IoT terminals according to the network changes in the perception layer. Experiments show that the algorithm effectively improves the operational efficiency of the IoT perceptual layer and reduces the average task delay compared with other offloading algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of marine carbonates was deposited in the Palaeozoic of the North China Craton, which is the dominant sequence for buried hill hydrocarbon exploration. This study focuses on the lithofacies and reservoirs developed in the sequence. Based on the data of cores, thin sections, drilling, and logging, the characteristics of the sequence stratigraphic framework and its control on lithofacies and reservoirs of the Lower Palaeozoic buried hills in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin are discussed. The results show that there developed 4 second‐order sequences and 21 third‐order sequences in the study area. Due to the deep burial depth, the dolomite is more likely to form high‐quality reservoirs than limestone in the study area, and we define the dolomitic tidal flat‐dominant sequences as 'favorable reservoir sequences'. There developed unconformity‐related reservoirs and inner reservoirs in the buried hill, and the 'favourable reservoir sequences' present obvious control on both reservoirs, showing: (i) 'favourable reservoir sequences' and weathering interface control on the scale of the unconformity‐related reservoir jointly, and (ii) the inner reservoirs developed within 'favourable reservoir sequences' as well, and the top and bottom of the high‐frequency sequences are the predominant areas for the bedding karst reservoir distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solutions with high pH values are sometimes thought to contain net negative charge because of an excess of OH- groups, while solutions with low pH values are thought opposite. To follow up on these speculations, we used a simple electrochemical cell to study three types of solution: electrolyzed waters with differing pH values; acids and bases with different pH values; and various salt solutions. When electrolyzed waters of various pH values were tested against water of pH 7, we found that acidic waters were indeed positively charged, while basic waters were negatively charged. We found much the same when standard acids and bases were compared to reference solutions: acidic solutions were positively charged while basic solutions were negatively charged. Various salts, including NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, and K2SO4, were also tested against DI water (containing trace amounts of NaCl to lend conductivity). Surprisingly, all salts were found to be negatively charged, more so as their concentrations increased. This collection of results supports the hypothesis that at least some aqueous solutions may contain net charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of microbial flora was characterized during the soy whey fermentation process by Tibetan kefir grains by analyzing changes in bacterial and fungal community structures using amplicon sequencing. Moreover, changes in physicochemical indexes and active components were monitored. Acidity, pH, and oligosaccharides got a dramatic decline after 30 h of fermentation, while the aglycones isoflavones significantly increased which resulted in a noticeable increase of DPPH· scavenging ability from 53.0% to 70.2%, and many new aromatic volatile compounds were produced. Yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria grew to more than 7 log CFU/ml after fermentation. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Acetobacter changed dramatically in fermented soy whey, which can be ascribed to the increase in aglycone isoflavones levels, especially genistein. This research may deepen the understanding of the mechanism in the fermentation of soy whey by Tibetan kefir grains, and provide a scientific basis for the utilization of soy whey. Novelty impact statement: The fermentation process of soy whey by Tibetan kefir grains was studied. Yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, and acetic acid bacteria grew to more than 7 log CFU/ml after fermentation, and Acetobacter became the dominant genus. Aglycone isoflavones and amino acid nitrogen significantly increased, and DPPH· scavenging ability increased to 70.2%. In addition, new aromatic volatile compounds were produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the historical process of chaotic image encryption algorithm is introduced. Classical Logistic chaotic system and piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) are fused to form a novel chaotic system LPW. Based on LPW chaotic system, a snake encryption algorithm for digital image with multiple chaotic fusion is proposed. The algorithm carries out three rounds of image encryption, including forward crawling, reverse crawling and hibernation of snakes. The encryption of the algorithm uses the diffusion algorithm associated with the plain and the single row non-repetitive scrambling algorithm, and performs the scrambling and diffusion processes simultaneously. Experimental results show that the algorithm has high security, fast encryption and decryption speed, larger key space, and can resist common attacks such as differential attack and separate attack of scrambling and diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt‐free LiNixMn1−xO2 (NM, x ≥ 0.5) layered oxides are considered to be promising cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries because of exceptionally high capacity and low cost, yet the fundamental role of manganese ions in the NM layered structure and rate performance has not been fully addressed to date. Herein, a series of Ni‐fixed LiNi0.6Co0.4−xMnxO2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) systems are employed as cathode materials to investigate the functionality of Mn ions on their structures and electrochemical properties. It is found that contrary to prior reports, the change in the c‐axis lattice parameter is not in close connection with the rate performance of NM cathodes. In particular, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements are performed to verify the fact that Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions with high spin states cause severe magnetic frustration in the structures of cathode materials, which profoundly aggravates the Li/Ni ionic disorder and blocks Li+ migration, contributing to inferior rate performance. In addition, Li+ migration hindered by Li/Ni disorder, is theoretically demonstrated by ab initio calculation. This work not only provides fresh insight into the role of Mn in NM layered oxide cathodes but also proposes an effective strategy to resolve their inferior rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the ultra-narrow gap welding process, the mathematical models of arc with different sheet tungsten electrode front end inclination angles and different sheet tungsten electrode included angles are established. The distribution of various physical fields of arc is discussed. The effects of the sheet tungsten electrode front end inclination angle and the sheet tungsten electrode included angle on the arc temperature distribution and the gas flow at different positions in the arc space are described. The effect of electromagnetic force near the cathode on the gas horizontal flow behavior is further clarified. Finally, the temperature distribution and pressure distribution of sheet tungsten electrode arc are experimentally verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the key factors limiting crop production in acid soils; however, little is known about its transcriptional regulation in plants. In this study, we characterized the role of a NAM, ATAF1/2, and cup-shaped cotyledon 2 (NAC) transcription factors (TFs), ANAC017, in the regulation of Al tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ANAC017 was localized in the nucleus and exhibited constitutive expression in the root, stem, leaf, flower, and silique, although its expression and protein accumulation were repressed by Al stress. Loss of function of ANAC017 enhanced Al tolerance when compared with wild-type Col-0 and was accompanied by lower root and root cell wall Al content. Furthermore, both hemicellulose and xyloglucan content decreased in the anac017 mutants, indicating the possible interaction between ANAC017 and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH). Interestingly, the expression of XTH31, which is responsible for xyloglucan modification, was downregulated in the anac017 mutants regardless of Al supply, supporting the possible interaction between ANAC017 and XTH31. Yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitationquantitative PCR analysis revealed that ANAC017 positively regulated the expression of XTH31 through directly binding to the XTH31 promoter region, and overexpression of XTH31 in the anac017 mutant background rescued its Al-tolerance phenotype. In conclusion, we identified that the tTF ANAC017 acts upstream of XTH31 to regulate Al tolerance in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NaP@Pβ-CD has the lowest detection limit and quicker response speed. • NaP@Pβ-CD shows excellent sensing capability totally in water, does not require any organic solvent. • NaP@Pβ-CD has good biocompatibility. Formaldehyde is widely used in daily life and can be generated endogenously through diverse biological processes. However, formaldehyde may cause severe threat to the health of humanity. In this work, we designed a novel nanoprobe NaP@Pβ-CD through the host-guest self-assembly between poly β-cyclodextrins (Pβ-CD) and naphthalimide (NaP). The NaP is enclosed in the Pβ-CD cavity, forming hydrophilic nanoparticles. Formaldehyde can trigger "on" fluorescence response of NaP fluorophore and the detection can be carried out in aqueous solution. This probe has low detection limit (16.8 nM), a fast response to FA (5 min), high selectivity, good biocompatibility and excellent stability. More importantly, it shows excellent sensing capability totally in water without requiring any organic solvent. Therefore, the NaP@Pβ-CD could be successfully applied to formaldehyde detection in food, living cells, and organisms in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effect of the discharge gap on the arc characteristics of sheet tungsten electrode under vertical sidewall anode configuration is discussed. By changing the horizontal discharge gap and vertical discharge gap, the temperature distribution, current density distribution, flow field distribution, pressure distribution, and viscosity distribution of non-axisymmetric arc are calculated. From the point of view of the change of current density distribution caused by the change of discharge gap, the influence of Joule heat on the temperature distribution is analyzed, and the influence of cathode jet behavior on the arc temperature field is further analyzed. At the same time, the factors such as viscosity force and shear force above anode are also considered. At the same time, the experimental verification is carried out through the arc pressure and arc grayscale image. The importance of the discharge gap on the arc characteristics of sheet tungsten electrode under vertical sidewall anode configuration is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High portability and miniaturization are two of the most important objectives pursued by microfluidic methods. However, there remain many challenges for the design of portable and visual microfluidic devices (e.g., electrokinetic experiments) due to the use of a microscope and power supply. To this end, we report a visual portable microfluidic experimental device (PMED) with multiple electric field regulation functions, which can realize the electric field regulation functions of various basic microfluidic experiments through modular design. The internal reaction process of the microfluidic chip is displayed by a smartphone, and the experimental results are analyzed using a mobile phone application (APP). Taking the induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO) particle focusing phenomenon as an example, we carried out detailed experiments on PMED and obtained conclusions consistent with numerical simulations. In addition to ICEO experiments, other functions such as alternating electroosmosis (ACEO), thermal buoyancy convection, and dielectrophoresis (DEP) can be realized by replacing module-specific covers. The device expands the application of microfluidic experiments and provides a certain reference for the further integration and portability of subsequent microfluidic experiment devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gel properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) surimi fortified with 0.1% PHP were investigated. The addition of 0.1% Psylluium husk powder (PHP) significantly increased the water‐holding capacity (WHC) of the surimi gels, which was associated with the increase in hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bond content (p <.05). A slight decrease in freezing point and non‐freezing bound water content and a increase in the content of water molecules in the gel network compared to the gels without PHP were observed. Gels containing 0.1% PHP had a smoother and firmer surface structure. The breaking force of the gel with PHP increased and the deformation decreased (p <.05) compared with the traditional gels (no PHP, heating at 40°C for 1 hr). Therefore, the addition of PHP affected the WHC of surimi gel. This study may provide some references for the application of PHP in healthy surimi products. Novelty impact statement: PHP provides health benefits as it is rich in dietary fiber; however, to date, there have been few studies regarding the effects of PHP on the gel properties of surimi products. Our result showed that a small amount of PHP (0.1%) improved WHC and water distribution of surimi gels, resulting in a gel with a smoother and more uniform surface. Therefore, this work is meaningful for the promotion of surimi gel properties and the development of healthy surimi products by adding PHP as a potential food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2019 Military World Games was the largest special sports event in the history of Military Sports Events. Volunteers as a soft infrastructure play a critical role in the success of the Military World Games. However, few systematic studies have been conducted on volunteer motivation of Military World Games. Drawing on the social identity theory, a theoretical model has been developed, which includes a new theme-related motivation of love of military based on the version of VMS-ISE scale. Through investigating 2,114 respondents, results show that motivations of expression of values, patriotism and city involvement, interpersonal contacts, personal growth, love of sport, and love of military have positively impact on volunteer satisfaction. Especially, volunteers with the deep passion of military sport would highly increase volunteer satisfaction. Follow-up analyses may contribute a deeper understanding and practical guidance of organizers to recruit and manage volunteers in special sport events with the certain theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as fluorescent probes have been proven to be practical tools for future sensing devices. We herein report a new luminescent MOF, {[Zn3(TLA)2(H2O)2(4-abpt)2]·5CH3OH}n (1) (trimellitic acid = H3TLA, 4-amino-3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole = 4-abpt), which was synthesized under solvothermal conditions and then characterized. 1 has a three-dimensional polymeric coordination structure with a V-shaped trinuclear metal–oxygen [Zn3] unit. The adjacent [Zn3] units are further connected by TLA3− and 4-abpt linkers, resulting in the generation of a 3D coordination polymeric network with obvious 3D channels. Moreover, 1 demonstrates a unique three-fold interpenetrated network and exhibits excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. Interestingly, 1 can be used as a sensitive and recyclable fluorescent probe for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), levofloxacin (LVX), and L -cystine (L -Cys) with low limits of detection (LOD) of 5.24, 7.47 and 5.05 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately separating coal and gangue is a crucial step in coal production. However, existing methods often face efficiency challenges. The high computational complexity hinders real-time gangue sorting. Real-time segmentation is essential for improved sorting results, making efficiency a crucial evaluation metric. Additionally, ensuring real-time segmentation accuracy is crucial. To address these issues, we propose Line-Pad Transformer Network (LPT-Net), a efficient segmentation network for gangue sorting. LPT-Net incorporates L-MSA, a module designed for linear attention calculation. It utilizes linear feature sampling for efficient computation, enabling the rapid extraction of semantic features from coal gangue. Additionally, LPT-Net introduces MSA1 and MSA2, serving as semantic information providers to enable more effective extraction of gangue semantic features. Experimental results on GSTD demonstrate LPT's effectiveness, achieving 74.71 IoU and 83.85 Acc at 95.7 FPS, outperforming other methods by 1.5–12 times in terms of inference speed. These results highlight LPT's suitability for efficient gangue sorting tasks. • Proposed an efficient module, L-MSA, enabling rapid segmentation of gangue. • Constructing MSA1 and MSA2 for global attention operations. • Collected on-site images and built the GSTD Coal Gangue Dataset. • Introduced a lightweight coal gangue segmentation network, LPT-Net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline rocks in basins are unconventional sites for hydrocarbon exploration. Owing to the lack of primary pores in the bedrock, it remains unclear how later tectonism and dissolution alter crystalline rock within large-scale reservoirs. Notably, the recent discovery of a 200 million-ton oil field of Precambrian metamorphic granite in the Bonan buried hill, Bohai Bay Basin, China provides an important opportunity for exploring this mechanism. Herein, the relationship between fractures and the regional tectonic evolution of this buried metamorphic granite mass, as well as the accompanying phenomena of dissolution and vein filling (which record related fluid interactions contributing to second pore formation from tight crystalline rocks) were investigated. The results indicated that the reservoir space was primarily composed of tectonic fractures and associated dissolution pores (maximum porosity ≤18%). The densely interlaced fractures with dominant NWW-trending flat surfaces indicated that the majority of Precambrian bedrock fractures were induced by Indosinian tectonic compression. The Cenozoic north–south tectonic extensional fault obliquely intersects these NWW-trending fractures, accounting for 73% of the previous dense shearing fractures transformed into open fractures. The dissolution pores were primarily distributed along the fractures and increased the porosity of these fracture-related reservoirs by ≤ 12%. The carbon and oxygen isotopes of the calcite fillings within the fractures suggested that atmospheric freshwater was the primary dissolution fluid, whereas some pores were formed by the dissolution action of deep hydrothermal and organic acid fluids. Thus, regional compressive stress is a necessary tectonic mechanism for the formation of densely interlaced fractures in tight crystalline rocks. The later extensional setting contributing to fracture release and fracture dissolution in the epi-diagenesis stage are two immediate factors in the formation of permeability and storage capacity within buried bedrock traps. • Oilfield of Precambrian metamorphic granite in Bohai Bay Basin was investigated. • Reservoir was primarily composed of tectonic fractures and dissolution pores. • Compressive stress is vital for interlaced fractures in crystalline rock. • Later extensional setting and fracture dissolution are two immediate factors for bedrock reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of substituting myofibrillar protein by plant protein (wheat, soy, rice, and pea protein) on gelling properties of hybrid surimi/plant protein (HSP) gels was investigated. The optical, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed phase separation occurred as the substitution ratio increased up to 30%, and the legume proteins had better compatibility to surimi, with the tighter and more uniform structure of the corresponding hybrid gels. The diverse hydrophobicity that existed between the cereal and legume proteins affected the conformation and thermal aggregation of myosin revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheological measurement. No subunit-level cross-linking between the myofibrillar proteins and plant proteins was found as evidenced by electrophoresis. Hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bonds, and β-sheet content were more abundant in mixed gels of pea protein. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) found that the mixed gels of legume proteins were of less oversized aggregates. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) could be a potential method to monitor the internal phase behavior of the HSP gels by distinguishing the sea-island and interpenetrating structure. In summary, myofibrillar-plant protein interactions probably due to hydration were vital for the formation of the hybrid gels via altering the competitive rate of gelation and phase separation. [Display omitted] • Mixed surimi gels were made from the perspective of substituting myofibrillar proteins. • The legume proteins were of preferable compatibility to surimi than the cereal proteins. • Incorporation of pea protein led to a significant increase of Tmax of myosin. • Hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds were the main interactions in hybrid gels. • Oversized protein aggregates were found in the hybrid surimi/cereal protein gels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidence has shown that overexpression of P-element-induced wimpy-testis (PIWI)-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) was associated with unfavorable prognosis of patients with various types of cancers. Herein, we conducted this meta-analysis to identify the clinicopathological and prognostic value of the PIWIL1 expression in cancers. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) were comprehensively retrieved for relevant studies up to August 4th, 2019. RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0 statistical software programs were used to explore the relationships between PIWIL1 expression and the prognosis and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. A total of 13 studies recruiting 2179 patients with 9 types of solid tumors were finally included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that patients with high PIWIL1 expression tended to have a shorter survival, and additionally deeper tumor invasion, higher clinical stage, and more lymph node metastasis. PIWIL1 could serve as a biomarker for prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics in various cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Growing evidence shows that enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are pivotal for tumor progression. In this research, our team aimed to identify the survival-related eRNAs and further explore their potential function in glioblastoma (GBM). Methods. RNA-sequencing data in 31 tumor types were acquired from TCGA datasets. The survival-related eRNAs were identified by the use of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Spearman's correlation analyses. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was completed to investigate the underlying signal paths of the critical eRNA. Pancancer assays were applied to explore the association between CYP1B1-AS1 and CYP1B1. Results. We identified 74 survival-related eRNAs and focused on CYP1B1-AS1 which displayed the greatest cor value. CYP1B1 was identified as a regulatory target of CYP1B1-AS1. KEGG analyses suggested that CYP1B1-AS1 might play an essential role through CK-CKR mutual effect, complement and coagulation cascades, TNF signal path, and JAK-STAT signal path. The pancancer verification outcomes revealed that CYP1B1-AS1 was related to survival in 4 cancers, i.e., LIHC, KIRP, KICH, and KIRC. Association was discovered between CYP1B1-AS1 and the targeted gene, CYP1B1, in 29 cancer types. Conclusion. The outcomes herein provided the first evidence that overexpression of CYP1B1-AS1 might be a potential molecular biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In healthcare research, medical expenditure data for the elderly are typically semicontinuous and right-skewed, which involve a point mass at zero and may exhibit heteroscedasticity. The problem of a substantial proportion of zero values prevents traditional regression techniques based on the Gaussian, gamma, or inverse Gaussian distribution, which may lead to understanding the standard errors of the parameters and overestimating their significance. A common way to counter the problem is using zero-adjusted models. However, due to the right-skewness in the nonzeros' response, conventional zero-adjusted models such as zero-adjusted gamma, zero-adjusted Inverse Gaussian, and classic Tobit may not perform well. Here, we firstly generalize those three types of the conventional zero-adjusted model to solve the problem of right-skewness in health care. The generalized zero-adjusted models are very flexible and include the zero-adjusted Weibull, zero-adjusted gamma, zero-adjusted inverse Gaussian, and classic Tobit models as their special cases. Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we find that, according to the AIC, SBC, and deviance criteria, the zero-adjusted generalized gamma model is the best one of these generalized models to predict the odds of zero cost accurately. In order to depict the predictors affecting the amount expenditure, we further discuss the situations where the mean, dispersion of a nonzero amount expenditure and model the probability of a zero amount of ZAGG in terms of predictor variables using suitable link functions, respectively. Our analysis shows that age, health, chronic diseases, household income, and residence are the main factors influencing the medical expenditure for the elderly, but the insurance is not significant. To the best of our knowledge, little study focused on these situations, and this is the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind load on building surface is one of the main loads for structural design; scholars in this field have put forward some methods to calculate wind load, such as Simiu method and Kasperski method. Based on the basic theory of probability and the systematic analysis of the surrounding environment and turbulence, a random variable model for calculating wind load is established. According to the model, through the analysis of the relationship between guarantee rate and wind load, a numerical calculation method to calculate wind load is proposed based on extreme value analysis and polynomial fitting theory. To verify the performance of the algorithm, wind tunnel experiments were carried out to obtain a large number of first-hand measured data of high-rise building (Shanghai World Financial Center). Based on the measured data, the algorithm is simulated, and calculated results are analyzed, including wind pressure distribution on building and probability distribution of fluctuating wind pressure of some measuring points. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by the comparative analysis and theoretical analysis of the calculation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability in developed countries. Multitudinous evidence suggests that treadmill training treatment is beneficial for balance and stroke rehabilitation; however, the need for stroke therapy remains unmet. In the present study, a cerebral ischemia rat model was established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of scalp acupuncture combined with treadmill training on ischemic stroke. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) double staining and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP1) and NeuN immunofluorescence double staining were used to detect the short-term and long-term neuroprotective effects of scalp acupuncture combined with treadmill training on pMCAO rats. In addition, the antiapoptotic effect of the combined treatment was evaluated in pMCAO rats transfected with cIAP1 shRNA. Western blotting was used to detect the relative protein expression in the caspase-8/-9/-3 activation pathway downstream of cIAP1 to further clarify its regulatory mechanism. Our results showed that scalp acupuncture combined with treadmill training successfully achieved short-term and long-term functional improvement within 14 days after stroke, significantly inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of cIAP1 protein in the ischemic penumbra area of the ischemic brain. However, no significant functional improvement and antiapoptotic effect were found in pMCAO rats transfected with cIAP1 shRNA. Western blotting results showed that the combined therapy markedly inhibited the activation of the caspase-8/-9/-3 pathway. These findings indicate that scalp acupuncture combined with treadmill training therapy may serve as a more effective alternative modality in the treatment of ischemic stroke, playing an antiapoptotic role by upregulating the expression of cIAP1 and inhibiting the activation of the caspase-8/-9/-3 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Nanoparticles can improve the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Concomitant intake of food can affect pharmacokinetic profiles by altering dissolution, absorption, metabolism, and elimination behavior. Studies on the effects of food and its supplements on the bioavailability of bioactives in nanoformulations are few. In this study, the effects of typical food (milk, sugar, high‐fat diet, and regular kibble) and a widely consumed probiotic [Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12® (Bb‐12)] on the bioavailability of curcumin in four formulations [simply suspended curcumin (Cur‐SS) and curcumin in nanoemulsions (Cur‐NEs), in single‐walled carbon nanotubes (Cur‐SWNTs), and in nanostructured lipid carriers (Cur‐NLCs)] were investigated. RESULTS: Fasting treatment and sugar co‐ingestion can significantly enhance the bioavailability of curcumin in Cur‐NEs and Cur‐SWNTs, respectively. Compared with the fasting treatment, co‐ingestion with regular kibble reduced the absorption of curcumin in Cur‐NEs and Cur‐SWNTs. Ingesting milk along with Cur‐NE is also not recommended. The mechanisms behind these phenomena were briefly discussed. This study revealed for the first time that the intestinal colonization of Bb‐12 reduces the bioavailability of curcumin and this reduction can be attenuated by nanoformulations SWNTs and NLCs, but not NEs. The reason for this difference was the protective effects of the former two nanoformulations against curcumin degradation by Bb‐12 according to in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION: Dietary status (including supplementary probiotics) can dramatically influence the bioavailability of curcumin in nanoformulations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent traffic systems for railway object detection have become the focus of research in recent years. Accurate and fast object detection using a camera is an important but challenging problem in the railway industry. In this article, we propose an object detector with low power yet robust detection for collision warning in a train safety system. The proposed object detector comprises three modules. First, a stable sampling module is used to reduce the dimensions of the feature map and image information loss. Second, a lightweight feature extraction module utilizes a dynamic bottleneck structure to control the calculation load and enhance the expressive ability of the model. Third, a feature-fusion module combines high- and low-level features to enhance the semantic information and improve the accuracy of detection of multiscale and small objects. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves reasonable results for railway object detection and outperforms the current state-of-the-art detectors. Finally, we design an obstacle-avoidance device that can be installed at the front of the train for real-time security warning in real-world conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of ergothioneine (ESH)-enriched mushroom extract on oxidative stability, volatile compounds, and sensory quality of emulsified sausage. Methods: The ESH content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) extract was determined through radical-scavenging activity of 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and hydroxyl radicals. Four different groups of emulsified sausage were manufactured: control, no antioxidants; BHA, 0.01% butylated hydroxyanisole; EEME, 0.8% ESH-enriched mushroom (F. velutipes) extract; AE, 0.012% authentic ESH, after storage for 14 days (at 4°C), the quality of sausage including oxidative stability (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyls content), volatile compounds and sensory quality were studied. Results: It was demonstrated that adding ESH-enriched F. velutipes extract to sausage could effectively prevent lipid and protein oxidation, and its efficacy was equivalent with 0.01% BHA. During meat processing, the ESH mainly contributed to the antioxidative activity of F. velutipes extract. The flavor and sensory attributes of emulsified sausage were improved through adding ESH-enriched F. velutipes extract. Conclusion: Accordingly, the extract of F. velutipes contained high-level of ESH and could be a good antioxidant candidate for processed meat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of high‐temperature treatment (100–120°C, 15 min) on the texture, color, and water‐holding capacity of tofu gels was investigated. As the temperature increasing, the hardness and chewiness as well as the values of redness a and yellowness b increased gradually, while the water content and the lightness L value reduced progressively, and these variations were more pronounced at 115 or 120°C. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the loss of T22 water led to the decrease of the water content. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the micropore in gels decreased after heating, and almost entirely disappeared at 120°C. Further analysis by SDS‐PAGE indicated the soy protein aggregation formed via disulfide linkage was observed in the thermal treated tofu gels, and nondisulfide linkage might also be occurred as temperature reached 110°C or higher. The quality deterioration may be attributed to immobilized water loss combined with the protein aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to both the complexity of coronary artery lesions and the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the precise extent of this correlation and its impact on adverse cardiovascular outcomes in ACS patients remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between IR, coronary artery lesion complexity, and the prognosis of ACS through a cohort design analysis. Method: A total of 986 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in this analysis. IR was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, while coronary artery lesion complexity was evaluated using the SYNTAX score. Pearson's correlation coefficients were utilized to analyze the correlations between variables. The association of the TyG index and SYNTAX score with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in ACS was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and adjusted Cox regression. Additionally, a novel 2-stage regression method for survival data was employed in mediation analysis to explore the mediating impact of the SYNTAX score on the association between the TyG index and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including MACEs and unplanned revascularization. Results: During a median follow-up of 30.72 months, 167 cases of MACEs were documented, including 66 all-cause deaths (6.69%), 26 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs) (2.64%), and 99 unplanned revascularizations (10.04%). The incidence of MACEs, all-cause death, and unplanned revascularization increased with elevated TyG index and SYNTAX score. Both the TyG index (non-linear, P = 0.119) and SYNTAX score (non-linear, P = 0.004) displayed a positive dose-response relationship with MACEs, as illustrated by the RCS curve. Following adjustment for multiple factors, both the TyG index and SYNTAX score emerged as significant predictors of MACEs across the total population and various subgroups. Mediation analysis indicated that the SYNTAX score mediated 25.03%, 18.00%, 14.93%, and 11.53% of the correlation between the TyG index and MACEs in different adjusted models, respectively. Similar mediating effects were observed when endpoint was defined as unplanned revascularization. Conclusion: Elevated baseline TyG index and SYNTAX score were associated with a higher risk of MACEs in ACS. Furthermore, the SYNTAX score partially mediated the relationship between the TyG index and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of storage time on the sensory and biochemical properties as well as the bacterial community composition of the vacuum‐packaged crab meat shucked by high pressure processing (300 MPa/20 min/25°C) stored at 4°C for 8 days. The aerobic plate count (APC), total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), and histamine content of crab meat reached 5.71 log CFU/g, 24.50, and 0.99 mg/100 g, respectively, on the 8th day, which was below the reference limit. However, the storage limit was recommended to be 6 days by the sensory evaluation. Among quality indicators, the electronic conductivity presented good correlations with APC, TVBN, histamine content, pH, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) value, and sensory evaluation. High‐throughput sequencing showed that the community composition at day 8 was obviously varied from that of the others, and Clostridium was found to be the dominant bacteria at the end of the storage. Industrial relevance: It has been confirmed that HPP shucking has great potential in the segmentation process of crustaceans. HPP shucking can maintain the fresh state of the crab meat and save energy in comparison to the conventional treatment, which could meet the consumers' demand for fresh and minimally processed seafood products. In this work, the shelf life of HPP‐shucked crab meat stored at 4°C was evaluated to be 6 days and Clostridium was dominant in the spoiled meat. These results can provide basic knowledge for the storage and distribution of HPP‐shucked crab meat. Novelty impact statement: The storage quality of HPP‐shucked crab meat was studied, and shelf life of the HPP‐shucked crab meat stored at 4°C was 6 days. The microbial composition at day 8 differed from that of previous time points, and Clostridium was the predominant genera. The electronic conductivity had a good correlation with other indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dysregulation of gene dosage due to duplication or haploinsufficiency is a major cause of autosomal dominant diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. However, there is currently no rapid and efficient method for manipulating gene dosage in a human model system such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we demonstrate a simple and precise method to simultaneously generate iPSC lines with different gene dosages using paired Cas9 nickases. We first generate a Cas9 nickase variant with broader protospacer-adjacent motif specificity to expand the targetability of double-nicking–mediated genome editing. As a proof-of-concept study, we examine the gene dosage effects on an Alzheimer's disease patient-derived iPSC line that carries three copies of APP (amyloid precursor protein). This method enables the rapid and simultaneous generation of iPSC lines with monoallelic, biallelic, or triallelic knockout of APP. The cortical neurons generated from isogenically corrected iPSCs exhibit gene dosage-dependent correction of disease-associated phenotypes of amyloid-beta secretion and Tau hyperphosphorylation. Thus, the rapid generation of iPSCs with different gene dosages using our method described herein can be a useful model system for investigating disease mechanisms and therapeutic development. Ye et al demonstrate a simple and precise method to simultaneously generate iPSC lines with different gene dosages using paired Cas9 nickases. As proof-of-concept they apply this method to examining amyloid precursor protein gene dosage effects in an Alzheimer's disease patient-derived iPSC line. Their method could potentially advance what we know about disease mechanisms and assist with gene therapy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been increasing interest in understanding climate change impacts on crop yield stability, including interannual yield variability and lower yield extremes, in addition to mean yield. In this study, we evaluated these impacts on wheat yield and investigated the contribution of changes in climate mean and variability, and their interaction, on the North China Plain (NCP). Wheat yield simulation experiments with control groups were conducted using the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES) model, with multiple general circulation model ensembles under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), namely 4.5 and 8.5. Climate change was projected to reduce mean yield by 15 and 17%, increase yield interannual variability by 5 and 11%, and reduce 10‐year return period lower yield extremes by 31 and 34% under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. When analysed, changes in climate mean proved the main cause for changes in mean yield (62–71%), followed by the interactive changes in climate mean and variability (26–33%). As for the impact on yield variability, the interaction of the changes in climate mean and variability proved the main cause (48–54%), followed by changes in climate mean (33–41%). Surprisingly, climate change in variability contributed the least in both cases. Our results pertaining to the decrease in both availability and stability of wheat yield on the NCP presents a greater challenge for building a resilient food system for local areas than before. They also highlighted the importance of separating the impacts of changes in climate mean and variability on crop yield stability in a holistic framework, with particular attention paid to the tangible and interactive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solitary fibrous tumor is a very rare mesenchymal tumor that occurs mostly in the pleura, and there are few reported cases of a presence in the central nervous system, particularly in the cerebellum. In 2016, the WHO classified solitary fibrous tumors into grade I. In this article, we present a case of malignant solitary fibrous tumor recurring 8 years after surgery in a 63-year-old male. Magnetic resonance imaging showed low to intermediate mixed signal intensity on T1W1. Immunohistochemical staining positivity for Vimentin, CD99, CD34 and Bcl-2, it is consistent with the immunohistochemical characteristics of solitary fibrous tumor. We resected the patient's tumor, and the patient was followed up for 3 months with no signs of recurrence. Solitary fibrous tumors are very rare in the central nervous system. Immunohistochemical staining positivity for CD34 and Bcl-2 is strongly expressed in most solitary fibrous tumor. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment. Due to the small number of cases, the biological behavior and prognosis of this tumor need to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and localization of small defects are among the main objectives of ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT). In particular, the inspection of polycrystalline materials remains a challenge due to ultrasonic attenuation and backscatter noise caused by grain scattering. An adaptive ultrasonic array imaging algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is capable of enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of small subwavelength defects. The proposed approach adopts an iterative optimization procedure based on sequential backward selection, and is termed receiver optimized total focusing method (ROTFM). ROTFM is formulated in a baseline subtraction (BS) setting, and it is shown to achieve higher defect SNRs compared to TFM results obtained by directly applying the BS method to measured array data. More importantly, the performance of the proposed ROTFM is robust to time and spatial misalignments, and hence, it alleviates the need for complex compensation schemes when performing imaging computations. Compared to conventional TFM, ROTFM achieved an average SNR improvement of 3.41 dB and 6.05 dB in experiments for four test defects (cracks and holes of sizes 0.5 mm and 1 mm) at the frequencies of 5 MHz and 7 MHz, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most trichobezoars can be removed by traditional surgical laparotomy or laparoscopy; however, these modalities are costly and invasive.4,5 With the development of endoscopic technique and its auxiliary equipment,6 four cases treated successfully by endoscopy have been reported. A case of trichobezoar treated with gastroscopic technique assisted by laparoscopy has been reported.13 In our case a huge (12 cm × 6 cm) gastric trichobezoar composed of hair was removed by endoscopic coagulation cutting method combined with a polypectomy snare and a hook knife. [Extracted from the article]

Primary pores are undeveloped in the granite, but multiple types of reservoir spaces can form during the processes of weathering and tectonic movement. Taking Penglai (PL) oil field as an example, the vertical zonal characteristic of the buried granite is defined and the relationship between different zones and reservoir is discussed. The granite can be divided into weathered zone (WZ) and bedrock zone (BZ) vertically according to weathered or not, and the WZ can be divided into weathered clay zone (WCZ), weathered glutenite zone (WGZ), and weathered fracture zone (WFZ) further. The lithology, mineral composition, and weathering indices (geochemistry) can distinguish different zones. Both WZ and BZ can form good reservoirs, among them the reservoir of WGZ is dominated by pores, while that of WFZ and the BZ are mainly composed of fractures, and they constitute the high‐quality reservoir together. There is an obvious positive correlation between the thickness of fracture zone in BZ and the thickness of WZ, and both WZ and BZ are influenced by tectonic movement. Moreover, WZ superimposed with meteoric water dissolution makes it the best reservoir in the granitic buried hill, and the development of fractures in BZ extends the thickness of reservoir greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dividing carbonate sequence with natural gamma data is the popular method, while it is not suitable for shallow platform because high gamma of mud flat represent shallow-water environment. Taking Majiagou Formation of Ordovician in Bozhong 21–22 structure of Bohai Sea as an example, a new sequence division method for shallow platform was presented based on natural gamma spectrum data, and the relationship between the sequences and reservoirs was discussed as well in this paper. The high natural gammas in Majiagou Formation of the study area are response for the weathering, uranium element enrichment in reservoirs and argillaceous sediment. The comparison result between well logging parameters and geological data shows that the ratio of Th/K is an effective parameter for sequence division, which can distinguish the origin of different high gammas effectively, even the mudstone from oxidized environment and reductive environment. Based on the ratio of Th/K, five third-order sequences were divided in Majiagou Formation of the study area; among them, all the sequences are developed in well BZ21-B-1, while SQ5 is missing in well BZ22-A-2 for denudation. The corresponding relationship between sequences and reservoirs indicates that the reservoirs of SQ4–SQ5 are dominated by structural fractures, which are mainly controlled by tectonic movement and weathering; while those of SQ1–SQ3 are dominated by dissolved pores, which may be related to the internal dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on broadband magnetotelluric data collected in western Yunnan, we obtain a three‐dimensional crustal resistivity model, which reveals seismogenic structures of Yingjiang and Longling earthquakes. Our model suggests a bifurcation of the crustal flow in western Yunnan, with a southwestern branch running into the Tengchong Block north of the Dayingjiang Fault and a southeastern branch flowing into the Baoshan Block. The Yingjiang region features an upper and midcrustal resistive body above 20‐km depth, surrounded by conductors in the midcrust. Six moderate earthquakes in Yingjiang occurred in the transition zone between the resistive and conductive structures. These earthquakes occurred in the context of a right‐lateral accommodation zone between the Nabang and Binglangjiang Faults and in the presence of the southwestern branch of the crustal flow, which provides a mechanical decoupling under the rigid high‐resistive upper crust. Beneath the Longling area, a high‐resistive structure extends through the entire crust, but a zone of low resistivity is embedded in the depth range of 10–25 km where the 1976 M7.3 earthquake occurred. The high‐resistive body provides a blockage to the previously proposed crustal channel flow along the Gaoligong shear zone and may accumulate sufficient stress. The Longling strong earthquakes may result from the sinistral strike‐slip motion of the Ruili‐Luxi Fault in the framework of the north to northeast trending compressive stress. The blockage to the crustal channel flow along the Gaoligong shear zone by the high‐resistivity zone in Longling could be an important factor to produce the north to northeast trending compressive stress field in Longling area. Key Points: We obtained a 3‐D resistivity model in western Yunnan, revealing the seismogenic resistivity structures of Yingjiang and Longling earthquakesOur 3‐D MT model shows a large‐scale resistor in Longling, which may result in a bifurcation of the crustal channel flow in western YunnanYingjiang and Longling earthquakes are associated with the bifurcated crustal channel flow structure in western Yunnan [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]