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Background: Prevention policies against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) focus solely on individual healthy lifestyle behaviours, while an increasing body of research recognises the involvement of environmental determinants (ED) (cultural norms of land management and planning, local foodscape, built environment, pollution, and neighbourhood deprivation). Precise knowledge of this relationship is essential to proposing a prevention strategy integrating public health and spatial planning. Unfortunately, issues related to the consistency and synthesis of methods, and results in this field of research limit the development of preventive strategies. This systematic review aims to improve knowledge about the relationship between the risk of developing T2DM in adulthood and long-term exposure to its ED during childhood or teenage years. Methods: This protocol is presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) tools. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, EBSCO, and grey literature from the Laval University Libraries databases will be used for data collection on main concepts such as 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'zoning' or 'regional, urban, or rural areas land uses', 'local food landscape', 'built environment', 'pollution', and 'deprivation'. The Covidence application will store the collected data for selection and extraction based on the Population Exposure Comparator Outcome and Study design approach (PECOS). Studies published until December 31, 2023, in English or French, used quantitative data about individuals aged 18 and over that report on T2DM, ED (cultural norms of land management and planning, local foodscape, built environment, and neighbourhood deprivation), and their association (involving only risk estimators) will be included. Then, study quality and risk of bias will be conducted according to the combined criteria and ratings from the ROBINS-E (Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies—of Exposures) tools and the 'Effective Public Health Practice Project' (EPHPP). Finally, the analytical synthesis will be produced using the 'Synthesis Without Meta-analysis' (SWiM) guidelines. Discussion: This systematic review will summarise available evidence on ED associated with T2DM. The results will contribute to improving current knowledge and developing more efficient cross-sectoral interventions in land management and public health in this field of research. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42023392073. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cet article présente la remarquable carrière du Dr Arthur Rousseau à la Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval depuis ses débuts en 1897 à son décès en 1934. Formé en bactériologie à l'Institut Pasteur, Rousseau est un pionnier de l'introduction de cette nouvelle discipline médicale à Québec. Responsable du laboratoire de bactériologie de l'Université Laval, il s'oriente rapidement vers des actions ciblées pour lutter contre la tuberculose dont l'incidence est très élevée dans la région de Québec. Doté d'un sens de l'organisation et d'un charisme remarquable, il dote la ville de Québec de nouvelles institutions hospitalières parmi lesquelles on compte un important sanatorium public destiné aux personnes souffrant de tuberculose. Pendant ses décanats, la Faculté connaît un développement remarquable. Il s'emploie avec énergie, de 1921 à 1934, à moderniser la formation des étudiants par la consolidation de l'enseignement des sciences médicales et l'élargissement de la formation clinique à de nouvelles spécialités. This article presents Dr. Arthur Rousseau's remarkable career at the Université Laval Faculty of Medicine, from his early days in 1897 to his death in 1934. Trained in bacteriology at the Pasteur Institute, Rousseau was a pioneer in introducing this new medical discipline to Quebec City. In charge of the bacteriology laboratory at Université Laval, he quickly turned his attention to targeted actions to combat tuberculosis, the incidence of which was very high in the Quebec City region. Gifted with a remarkable sense of organization and charisma, he endowed Quebec City with new hospital institutions, including a major public sanatorium for people with tuberculosis. During his tenure, the Faculty underwent remarkable development. From 1921 to 1934, he worked energetically to modernize student training by consolidating the teaching of medical sciences and extending clinical training to new specialties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Louis Bernatchez, a renowned fish ecologist and conservationist, passed away in 2023. He was a professor at Laval University for 28 years and made significant contributions to the field of molecular ecology and fish genomics. Louis conducted research on various fish species, including Lake Whitefish, Brook Trout, and American Eel, and collaborated with scientists and Indigenous communities around the world. He was known for his dedication to conservation and his ability to foster strong relationships with his colleagues and mentees. Louis leaves behind a vast scientific legacy and will be remembered for his kindness and passion for his work. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: Student audiology training in tinnitus evaluation and management is heterogeneous and has been found to be insufficient. We designed a new clinical simulation laboratory for training students on psychoacoustic measurements of tinnitus: one student plays the role of the tinnitus patient, wearing a device producing a sound like tinnitus on one ear, while another student plays the role of the audiologist, evaluating their condition. The objective of the study was to test this new clinical simulation laboratory of tinnitus from the perspective of the students. Method: This study reports the findings from twenty-one audiology students (20 female and 1 male, mean age = 29, SD = 7.7) who participated in this laboratory for a mandatory audiology class at the Laval University of Quebec. Three students had hearing loss (one mild, two moderate). All students played the role of both the clinician and the patient, alternately. They also had to fill out a questionnaire about their overall experience of the laboratory. Results: The qualitative analysis revealed three main themes: "Benefits of the laboratory on future practice", "Barriers and facilitators of the psychoacoustic assessment", and "Awareness of living with tinnitus". The participants reported that this experience would have a positive impact on their ability to manage tinnitus patients in their future career. Conclusion: This fast, cheap, and effective clinical simulation method could be used by audiology and other healthcare educators to strengthen students' skills and confidence in tinnitus evaluation and management. The protocol is made available to all interested parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study aimed at identifying the success factors and the effects of a collaboration between architecture students and an Indigenous community. This exercise, which is part of a multi‐year collaborative relationship, was carried out within the framework of an urban design workshop led by the School of Architecture of Laval University and the Innu community of Uashat mak Mani‐utenam, which is close to the city of Sept‐Îles, Quebec. The expansion of the community and the development of residential areas were at the heart of this collaborative effort. The analysis of the evolution of the different versions of the development plans, in the light of Innu development criteria, highlights the positive contributions of the workshop, particularly with regard to the community program and the tectonic symbolism. Nevertheless, the maintenance of the status quo is noted with respect to the location and respect for natural elements. Testimonials from key players involved in the project illustrate the authentic nature of the partnership between the research group "Habitats and Cultures" and the community. The quality of the relationship between the researchers and the Innu partners, the duration of the partnership over time, and the promotion of Innu cultural knowledge have favoured the success of the partnership. Messages clés: L'École d'architecture de l'Université Laval a mené des activités participatives de design urbain avec la communauté innue de Uashat mak Mani‐utenam sur le thème de l'agrandissement et du réaménagement de la réserve.La comparaison du plan d'aménagement initial, du plan d'aménagement proposé par l'atelier et du plan d'aménagement définitif met au jour les effets de l'activité participative sur la configuration d'un nouveau secteur résidentiel.Les témoignages des acteurs impliqués révèlent les représentations généralement positives du partenariat de recherche et de ses retombées. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One month postoperatively, immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery patients had greater perceived visual function and fewer vision-related limitations in their daily activities, compared with delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery. Purpose: To evaluate patient-reported visual outcomes of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) compared with delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS). Setting: Tertiary university teaching hospital of Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Methods: The Catquest-9SF questionnaire was administered on the day of surgery for ISBCS patients and on the day of first-eye surgery for DSBCS patients who underwent cataract surgery between August and September 2021. The questionnaire was administered again 1 month postoperatively for ISBCS patients and 1 month postoperatively after each surgery for DSBCS patients. Results: 186 patients (ISBCS: n = 152 vs DSBCS: n = 34) were included. At 1 month postoperatively, the Catquest-9SF score of ISBCS patients was significantly lower than that of DSBCS patients after first-eye surgery (P <.001). Furthermore, the ISBCS group achieved significantly better scores on multiple tasks of the Catquest-9SF, such as reading text in the newspaper (P <.001) or reading text on television (P <.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, the type of surgery was the factor most associated with a lower Catquest-9SF score (β = −0.391, P <.001). 1 month after the second-eye surgery, DSBCS patients had achieved similar Catquest-9SF scores compared with ISBCS patients. Conclusions: Compared with DSBCS patients, ISBCS patients had significantly greater perceived visual function and fewer vision-related limitations in their daily activities at 1 month postoperatively. This difference lost significance 1 month after the second-eye surgery of DSBCS patients. This patient-reported outcome study did not find evidence of perceived bilateral visual impairment in the early postoperative period after ISBCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette étude comparative analyse les conventions collectives et les règlements qui régissent les bibliothécaires des universités faisant partie du regroupement des grandes universités de recherche du Canada, le U15. Elle identifie sept composantes du modèle du statut universitaire qui sont recommandées dans les lignes directrices des organisations nationales au Canada, et analysent chacune d’elles. L’objectif de l’étude est de comparer les rôles, droits et responsabilités des bibliothécaires membres du U15, dont l’Université Laval fait partie. Les résultats de l’analyse font ressortir des similitudes entre les rôles et fonctions des bibliothécaires de l’Université Laval et les autres membres du regroupement U15, et montrent aussi des disparités concernant leurs droits et conditions de travail. Cette situation soulève une question d’équité entre les bibliothécaires universitaires au Canada.

Previous studies have indicated that factors such as the built environment, attitudes and past behaviour can influence travel behaviour. However, the possible effect of travel satisfaction on travel mode choice remains underexplored, despite many studies focusing on travel satisfaction over the past years. It is likely that individuals experiencing satisfying trips with a certain travel mode will use this mode (more) frequently for future trips. In this study—using data from 984 students from Laval University, Canada—we analyse how satisfaction with public transport and the frequency of public transport use affect the intention to use public transport in later life stages. Our results indicate that public transport frequency, public transport satisfaction and the interaction between these two factors (i.e., the frequency of (dis)satisfying public transport trips) significantly affect people's intentions to use public transport in later life, although variations in effect sizes exist between different life stages. Making public transport more pleasant and increasing ridership of children and young adults (e.g., by giving them free public transport passes) may consequently result in a higher public transport frequency in later life stages. We argue that travel satisfaction can play an important role in the formation of habitual mode use, and that satisfying trips (if undertaken frequently) are likely to be repeated in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and outcomes of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) at a Canadian academic teaching center. Setting: Tertiary university teaching hospital of Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: 2003 consecutive patients (4006 eyes) who underwent ISBCS under topical anesthesia from January 2019 to December 2019 were included. All charts were retrospectively reviewed. Outcome measures included intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative uncorrected distance (UCVA) and pinhole (PHVA) visual acuities, and autorefraction measurements. Results: 4006 eyes from 1218 (60.8%) female and 785 (39.2%) male patients with a mean age of 74 +/- 8 years had a mean preoperative visual acuity of 0.503 logMAR (Snellen 20/63). The mean axial length was 23.53 +/- 1.37 mm. Most eyes had monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) implanted (n = 3738, 93.3%) followed by toric (n = 226, 5.6%), multifocal (n = 25, 0.6%), and multifocal toric (n = 17, 0.4%) IOLs. Intraoperative complications included 14 (0.3%) posterior capsule ruptures with 5 (0.1%) requiring sulcus IOL placement, and 7 (0.2%) partial zonulysis, with 3 requiring capsular tension rings (0.07%). There were no cases of endophthalmitis or toxic anterior segment syndrome. Mean 5-week postoperative UCVA was 0.223 (Snellen 20/33), PHVA was 0.153 (Snellen 20/28) with a mean spherical equivalent of -0.21 diopters. Conclusions: ISBCS performed following International Society of Bilateral Cataract Surgeons recommended guidelines is a safe procedure. This cohort of 4006 eyes had very few complications, with none attributable to the surgery being done bilaterally. The UCVA, PHVA, and refractive outcomes were good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, a number of training environments have moved toward program approaches targeting the development of competencies. Because of their complexity, monitoring the development of those competencies is a considerable challenge. Our hypothesis is that a computerized system could help overcome this challenge if it is well accepted by its users. We first summarize the context surrounding the implementation of such approaches. Next, we present a computerized assessment system established in the Family Medicine Residency Program of Laval University (Québec, Canada) that we have developed for tracking the development of residents' competencies. We then present the analysis of interactions between the system and users and the various proposals that were made to improve the system and longitudinal tracking of the development of the targeted competencies. We consider that this research provides useful guidelines for the computerized monitoring of learners' competencies development and for the design of such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For experimental investigation of the high temperature behaviour of an asphalt binder modified with Laval university silica (LUS-1) nanostructured particle, four different asphalt binders were produced using a mixture of 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt% of this additive and a neat bitumen at 170 °C. The neat bitumen was yielded from crude oil refining and had a penetration grade of 85-100. After a 20 min vibration, the produced mixtures were mechanically mixed for 30 min in a high-shear homogenizer mixer with an angular velocity of 4500 rpm. Then, the modified binders and neat bitumen were subjected to multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, after the aging process in rolling thin film oven (RTFOT) test. The results of this study, which were in agreement with the results of the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test, indicated that LUS-1 could improve the high temperature behaviour of binders. The greatest improvement occurred using 4 wt% of LUS-1, where this improvement was more pronounced at high stress levels. Elevating the levels of stress and temperature led to diminished traffic grade and more viscous behaviour in asphalt binders modified with LUS-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherches Feministes is the property of Groupe de Recherche et d'Echange Multidisciplinaires Feministes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship / Revue Canadienne De Bibliothéconomie Universitaire is the property of Canadian Association of Professional Academic Librarians (CAPAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: With the implementation of competency-based education in family medicine, there is a need for summative end-of-rotation assessments that are criterion-referenced rather than normative. Laval University's family residency program therefore developed the Laval Developmental Benchmarks Scale for Family Medicine (DBS-FM), based on competency milestones. This psychometric validation study investigates its internal structure and its relation to another variable, two sources of validity evidence. Methods: We used assessment data from a cohort of residents (n = 1432 assessments) and the Rasch Rating Scale Model to investigate its reliability, dimensionality, rating scale functioning, targeting of items to residents' competency levels, biases (differential item functioning), items hierarchy (adequacy of milestones ordering), and score responsiveness. Convergent validity was estimated by its correlation with the clinical rotation decision (pass, in difficulty/fail). Results: The DBS-FM can be considered as a unidimensional scale with good reliability for non-extreme scores (.83). The correlation between expected and empirical items hierarchies was of.78, p <.0001.Year 2 residents achieved higher scores than year 1 residents. It was associated with the clinical rotation decision. Conclusion: Advancing its validation, this study found that the DBS-FM has a sound internal structure and demonstrates convergent validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aequitas: Journal of Human Development, Disability & Social Change / Revue de Développement Humain, Handicap et Changement Social is the property of Reseau international sur le Processus de production du handicap, RIPPH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Spirometry is the best test to demonstrate airway obstruction, but remains underused in primary care. Objectives: We assessed, among family medicine physician teachers and residents, their intention to prescribe spirometry in patients suspected of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their intention to interpret the results. This evaluation is based on the theoretical framework proposed by Godin et al. for the study of factors influencing healthcare professionals' behavior. Methods: Participants of this descriptive cross-sectional study were recruited from eight Family medicine units (FMUs) of Laval University's network. They completed a 23-item self-administered questionnaire measuring their intention to prescribe and to interpret spirometry as well as some determinants of this intention (beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, social influence and moral norm). Answers to each of the items were scored on a Likert scale (score 1 to 7) where a higher score indicated a greater agreement with the statement. Results: Of the 284 eligible physicians, 104 were included. The mean score ± standard deviation of physicians' intention to prescribe spirometry (6.6 ± 0.7) was higher than to interpret the results (5.8 ± 1.5). Mean scores for all determinants of intention measured were also higher for prescription than for interpretation of spirometry. Conclusion: The results suggest that participants have a very strong intention to prescribe spirometry. Although the intention to interpret the results is positive, it is weaker than for the prescription of the test. Further studies will be needed to assess the barriers to spirometry interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'actualité fait état d'un certain engouement pour le développement du transport en commun dans la région de Québec. Que ce soit par le projet d'implantation du tramway, du trambus, ou encore par la construction d'un troisième lien permettant de lier plus directement le secteur historique de la ville de Lévis. Bien que ces projets cherchent à augmenter la part modale du transport en commun, aucune étude n'a encore formellement tenté de chiffrer ces impacts. La principale contribution de cet article est précisément de fournir une estimation de cet effet pour les personnes ayant pour destination le campus de l'Université Laval. À partir de données récoltées dans une enquête en ligne en 2015, l'article propose une méthodologie permettant de contrôler le biais de sélection, tout en liant les habitudes de déplacements aux caractéristiques des répondants, aux caractéristiques du milieu de vie et aux caractéristiques des déplacements. Le modèle déterministe est utilisé afin de simuler les impacts possibles des différents projets de transport en commun sur la base de scénarios liés aux gains de temps réalisés pour les déplacements et la densification du milieu bâti. L'analyse montre que le réseau structurant de transport en commun est le plus susceptible d'avoir un impact sur les comportements de mobilité, alors que le projet de troisième lien passant par la pointe de l'Île-d'Orléans est le projet avec l'impact le plus faible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergies Italie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mens: Revue d'Histoire Intellectuelle et Culturelle is the property of MENS: Revue d'Histoire Intellectuelle et Culturelle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)