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Tomato is one of the most important species belonging to the Solanaceae family. Focusing on the importance of tomato in human nutrition and the problem of narrowed genetic variability, the aim of the study was to assess morphological and chemical diversity in IFVCNS germplasm collection. Twenty genotypes were analysed for the morphological and chemical fruit traits: average mass (g), length (cm), diameter (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), locules number, moisture content (%), total soluble solids (°Brix), ash content (%), total acidity (%) and pH value. Selected plant material for analysis included: landraces, traditional varieties, breeding lines and commercial varieties. Differences among tomato genotypes in all fruit traits were determined. Fruit mass and locules number had the highest coefficient of variation. The least differences between genotypes were observed in the fruit moisture content. Four principal components accounted for 90.6% of total variance or 36.5%, 24.2%, 19.8% and 10.1%, respectively. Along the axis of the first main component, genotypes were classified into three groups. The first component was defined by fruit length, diameter and mass. The second component was correlated with pericarp thickness and locules number, and the third with moisture content, ash content and total soluble solids. Based on the cluster analysis, genotypes were classified into three groups which were in agreement with the PCA groups. Hybridization between genotypes from different groups was proposed in order to create new hybrids and varieties and to increase tomato germplasm diversity. By crossing those genotypes, improved recombinations in morphological and chemical traits can be expected., Paradajz je jedna od najznačajnih vrsta iz familije Solanaceae. Fokusirajući se na značaj paradajza u ljudskoj ishrani i problem njegove sužene genetske varijabilnosti, cilj istraživanja je bio da se proceni morfološki i hemijski diverzitet u kolekciji germplazme Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Dvadeset genotipova je odabrano za analizu sledećih osobina ploda: prosečna masa (g), dužina (cm), širina (cm), debljina perikarpa (mm), broj komora, sadržaj vode (%), ukupna rastvorljiva suva materija (°Brix), sadržaj pepela (%), ukupna kiselost (%) i pH vrednost. Biljni materijal odabran za analizu obuhvatao je: lokalne populacije, stare sorte, oplemenjivačke linije i komercijalne sorte. Utvrđene su razlike između genotipova u svim ispitivanim osobinama. Prosečna masa ploda i broj komora imali su najveći koeficijent varijacije. Ispitivani genotipovi su se najmanje razlikovali u sadržaju vode u plodu. Četiri glavne komponente objasnile su 90,6% ukupne varijabilnosti ili 36,5%, 24,2%, 19,8% i 10,1%, redom. Duž ose prve glavne komponente genotipovi su klasifikovani u tri grupe. Prva komponenta je definisana dužinom, širinom i prosečnom masom ploda. Druga komponenta je bila u korelaciji sa debljinom perikarpa i brojem komora, a treća sa sadržajem vode, pepela i ukupne rastvorljive suve materije. Klaster analizom genotipovi su klasifikovani u tri grupe koje su bile u saglasnosti sa PCA grupama. U cilju stvaranja novih sorti i hibrida, kao i povećanja diverziteta germplazme paradajza, predložena je hibridizacija genotipova iz različitih grupa. Ukrštanjem tih genotipova mogu se očekivati unapređene rekombinacije u morfološkim i hemijskim osobinama.

A three-year experiment was conducted to determine the influence of ripening, variety and the production year (2017-2019) on seed and fruit quality of eggplant. The 1000 seed weight, germination capacity, the total protein and oil content of seeds as well as the total protein and sugar content of fruits were determined in three ripeness phases across three production years. All examined varieties exhibited significant differences in the weight of 1000 seeds during ripening, which varied from 1.44 to 4.42 g. Seeds extracted from fruits that reached commercial ripeness did not germinate. As the fruit ripens, its total sugar and protein content decreases, while the reverse is detected in the case of total protein and oil content of seeds. The full ripeness phase was the optimal time for harvesting fruits to obtain high germinating seeds.

Povrće je važan deo ljudske ishrane jer ono prvenstveno sadrži materije korisne za ljudsko zdravlje kao što su: vitamini, minerali, biljna vlakna, antioksidansi, organske kiseline i dr. U svetu je poznato oko hiljadu vrsta povrća, od kojih se gaji oko 150, a najširu upotrebu ima 30-50 vrsta, koliko je zastupljeno u ishrani u Srbiji (Gvozdanovic-Varga i sar., 2016). U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad do sada je stvoreno više od 50 sorti povrća priznatih u zemlji i delom u inostranstvu. Sortiment povrća Odeljenja za povrtarske i alternativne biljne vrste čine nove sorte povrća, kao i odomaćene sorte, te se proizvodi seme 27 povrtarskih vrsta i 10 vrsta cveća. Pored rada na novim sortama povrća koje se odlikuju visokim prinosom, vodilo se računa da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zadovoljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta i da su prilagođene našim agroklimatskim uslovima (Gvozdenovic i sar., 2008). Zadatak ovog rada je da se prikažu karakteristike novopriznatih sorti povrća, koje su dobijene kao rezultat višegodišnjeg rada, u cilju zadovoljenja potreba proizvođača i potrošača za novim, atraktivnim i kvalitetnim sortama povrtarskih vrsta.

The experiment with drip irrigated pepper was conducted at the Rimski Šančevi experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad in 2019. The irrigation was scheduled on the basis of the water balance method. Two methods were used to compute the daily evapotranspiration of pepper (ETd): reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and evaporation from an open water surface (Eo). Crop coefficients (kc) and corrective coefficients (k) were used to convert ETo and Eo values into ETd. Kc and k were 0.3–0.4, 0.6–0.7, 0.9–1.1, 0.8–0.9 and 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 and 0.8 for initial stage, crop development, mid season, and late season, respectively. ETo was calculated by the Hargreaves equation. Eo values were measured by a Class-A pan located at a meteorological station near the experimental plot. Irrigation started when readily available water (RAW) in the 0.3 m soil layer was completely absorbed by plants. Differences in crop yield (Y) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) obtained using Eo (42.58 t ha-1, 15.20 kg m-3) and ETo (40.78 t ha-1, 14.56 kg m-3) were not statistically different. Evapotranspiration rate was 364.2 mm and 337.3 mm in Eo and ETo variant, respectively. The fact that the differences in Y and IWUE between different calculations of ETd were not statistically significant indicates that both methods can be recommended for irrigation scheduling programs for pepper in the climatic conditions of the Vojvodina region. However, priority should be given to ETo due to the easy accessibility and reliability of data., Navodnjavanje paprike sistemom kap po kap obavljeno je u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na oglednom polju Rimski Šančevi (Novi Sad) 2019. godine. Vreme zalivanja je određivano vodnim bilansom. Dve metode su korišćene za obračun dnevnog utroška vode na evapotranspiraciju paprike (ETd): referentna evapotranspiracija (ETo) i evaporacija sa slobodne vodene površine (Eo). Koeficijenti kulture (kc) i koeficijenti korekcije (k) korišćeni su za pretvaranje ETo i Eo vrednosti u ETd. Vrednosti kc i k bile su 0,3–0,4; 0,6–0.7; 0,9–1,1; 0,8–0,9 odnosno 0,4; 0,7; 1,0 i 0,8 za početak vegetacije, intenzivni porast, centralni deo vegetacije i kraj vegetacije. ETo je računata postupkom Hargrivsa (Hargreaves). Eo vrednosti su merene evaporimetrom klase A, postavljenim na meteorološkoj stanici u neposrednoj blizini ogledne parcele. Navodnjavanje je obavljano kada je lakopristupačna voda u sloju zemljišta do 30 cm bila utrošena od strane biljaka. Razlike u prinosu (Y) i produktivnosti utrošene vode navodnjavanjem (IWUE) korišćenjem Eo (42,58 t ha-1, 15,20 kg m-3) i ETo (40,78 t ha-1, 14,56 kg m-3) nisu bile statistički značajne. Vrednosti evapotranspiracije u periodu vegetacije paprike bile su 364,2 mm odnosno 337,3 mm na varijantama obračuna Eo i ETo. Činjenica da nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u vrednostima Y i IWUE ukazuje da se obe metode mogu koristiti u obračunu ETd u realizaciji racionalnog zalivnog režima paprike u klimatskim uslovima Vojvodine. Međutim, prednost zbog dostupnosti podataka ipak treba dati postupku ETo.

Sensory analysis is the best mean to precisely describe the eating quality of fresh foods. However, it is expensive and time-consuming method which cannot be used for measuring quality properties in real time. The aim of this paper was to contribute to the study of the relationship between sensory and instrumental data, and to define a proper model for predicting sensory properties of fresh tomato through the determination of the physicochemical properties. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the experimental data to characterize and differentiate among the observed genotypes, explaining 73.52% of the total variance, using the first three principal components. Artificial neural network (ANN) model was used for the prediction of sensory properties based on the results obtained by basic chemical and instrumental determinations. The developed ANN model predicts the sensory properties with high adequacy, with the overall coefficient of determination of 0.859., Senzorska analiza predstavlja najbolje sredstvo za precizno opisivanje kvaliteta svežih namirnica. Međutim,to je skupa i dugotrajna metoda koja se ne može koristiti za merenje pokazatelja kvaliteta u realnom vremenu. Cilj ovog rada bio je da doprinese proučavanju odnosa između podataka dobijenih primenom senzorske analize i instrumentalnih metoda i da definiše odgovarajući model za predviđanje senzorskih svojstava svežeg paradajza pomoću određivanja fizičko-hemijskih svojstava. Analiza glavnih komponenti (RSA) primenjena je na eksperimentalne podatke da bi se okarakterisali i diferencirali posmatrani genotipovi, objašnjavajući 73,52% od ukupne varijanse, koristeći prve tri glavne komponente. Model veštačke neuronske mreže (ANN) korišćen je za predviđanje senzorskih svojstava na osnovu rezultata dobijenih osnovnim hemijskim i instrumentalnim određivanjima. Razvijeni ANN model predviđa senzorska svojstva sa visokom adekvatnošću, sa ukupnim koeficijentom determinacije od 0,859.

In the past few years, the symptoms of parsnip root rot (Pastinaca sativa L.) have been more intense in production. This had a significant impact on the decrease in the yield as well as the market value of the roots. Symptoms of rot are only noticed during harvest. Continued development of the pathogen has been reported in storage rooms, especially if the root is stored under uncontrolled conditions of temperature and humidity. The aim of the study was the etiological study of root rot in the open field and in storage rooms. Total of 56 root samples were collected in the period 2016 – 2019 years. Isolation was performed by standard of phytopathology procedure on PDA medium for fungi, MPA and CVP for bacteria. After growth, a collection of isolates was formed, which was included in the pathogenicity test. For the isolates that showed pathogenicity, the identification was performed, the fungi were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics, while the bacteria were studied for biochemical - physiological characteristics. Of the 42 fungus and bacterial isolates collected, 37 caused similar symptoms of rot, on artificially inoculated parsnip root, which was considered a pathogenic trait. Fusarium spp. was isolated from the symptoms of dry rot on the leaf rosette crossing, while Pectobacterium carotovorum subp. was isolated from the wet rot. The symptom of rot, followed by the white mycelium of the fungus, was preliminary indicated by the species Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which was confirmed by isolation and identification. The dominant species in storage rooms which provide root rot were Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. They were followed by Rhisopus spp. and Penicillium spp. species, but they have not been proven pathogenic and have been considered saprophytes. Root rot caused damage during harvest, as insects too, which allowed pathogens and saprophytes to penetrate.

Downy and powdery mildew are economically important diseases in all cultivated plant species. Pathogens Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Erysiphe cichoracearum are one of the limiting factors of successful melon production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia. Cultivation of less susceptible and resistant genotypes against pathogens is the basis for successful melon production. Consequently, 30 melon genotypes were tested against the causative agent of downy mildew P. cubensis in the fi eld conditions. Also, the susceptibility of 4 lines originating from Ananas melon against causative agents of powdery mildew S. fuliginea and E. cichoracearum in greenhouse was determined. The lowest susceptibility to P. cubensis was expressed in the melon genotypes D11, D7, D13 in the fi rst and D30 in the second evaluation. The highest susceptibility to the mentioned pathogen was expressed in 8 genotypes in the fi rst and 15 genotypes in the second evaluation. In terms of the susceptibility of the tested lines to causative agent of powdery mildew, line A 2/1 was found as most resistant, and line A 3/4 as the most susceptible., Prouzrokovači plamenjače i pepelnice predstavljaju ekonomski značajna oboljenja na svim gajenim biljnim vrstama. Patogeni Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Sphaerotheca fuliginea i Erysiphe cichoracearum predstavljaju jedan od ograničavajućih faktora uspešne proizvodnje dinje u agroekološkim uslovima Srbije. Gajenje manje osetljivih i otpornih genotipova dinje prema patogenima, predstavlja osnovu uspešne proizvodnje. Shodno tome testirano je 30 genotipova dinje prema prouzrokovaču plamenjače vrežastih biljaka P. cubensis u uslovima prirodne infekcije na otvorenom polju. Takođe, utvrđena je i osetljivost 4 linije poreklom iz Ananas dinje prema prouzrokovačima pepelnica S. fuliginea i E. cichoracearum u zaštićenom prostoru. Najmanju osetljivost prema P. cubensis ispoljili su genotipovi dinje D11, D7, D13 u prvoj i D30 u drugoj oceni. Najveću osetljivost prema pomenutom patogenu ispoljilo je 8 genotipova u prvoj i 15 genotipova u drugoj oceni. U pogledu osetljivosti ispitivanih linija prema prouzrokovaču pepelnice, linija A 2/1 izdvojila se kao najtolerantnija, odnosno linija A 3/4 kao najosetljivija.

Dunavski rubin is a medium early indeterminate cultivar with large fruits and average fruit weight of 180 g. It was developed by crossing cultivars Korona and Saint Pierre. Hybrid material was grown by using the pedigree method. Phenotypically uniform line V9 was selected and submitted to the Varietal Release Committee of the Republic of Serbia. Cultivar was released in 2014 by the Decision of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia under no. 320-04-1871/2/2013-11. Dunavski rubin represents successful combination of genes responsible for high fertility rate and fruit quality. Fruits of Dunavski rubin cultivar have high percentage of dry matter (6.30%), high level of lycopene (106.7 mg/100 g), and excellent total acidity (0.39%). Vitamin C content is 52.7 mg/100 g, while total sugars amount to 5.71%. High K content (1520 mg/kg) and low Na content (79.8 mg/kg) is what distinguishes this cultivar from the others. Comparing with other cultivars trough three year field experiments, it was concluded that Dunavski rubin is a cultivar intended for fresh consumption due to a long fruit-bearing period, but is also an excellent raw material for processing due to its high quality fruit. All of the above mentioned classifies Dunavski rubin as an enhancer in technological processing of tomato., Sorta Dunavski rubin je srednje rana indeterminantna sorta, krupnih plodova, prosečne mase 180 g. Nastala je ukrštanjem sorti Korona i Saint Pierre. Hibridni materijal je uzgajan po pedigre metodi. Fenotipski ujednačena linija V9 je odabrana i prijavljena Komisiji za priznavanje sorti. Sorta je registrovana 2014. godine rešenjem Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije pod brojem 320-04-1871/2/2013-11. Dunavski rubin predstavlja uspešnu kombinaciju gena odgovornih za visok potencijal rodnosti i visok kvalitet ploda. Plodovi Dunavskog rubina imaju visok procenat suve materije od 6.30, visok nivo likopena od 106.7 mg/100 g i odličnu ukupnu kiselost od 0.39%. Sadržaj vitamina C iznosi 52.70 mg/100 g , dok ukupni šećeri čine 5.71%. Visok sadržaj K od 1520 mg/kg i nizak sadržaj Na od 79.8 mg/kg je ono što ovu sortu izdvaja od drugih. Na osnovu trogodišnjih poljskih ogleda i poređenja sa drugim sortama utvrđeno je da je Dunavski rubin pogodan za svežu potrošnju zbog dugog perioda plodonošenja ali je i odlična sirovina za preradu zbog visokog kvaliteta ploda koji je svrstavaju u red poboljšivača u tehnološkom procesu prerade paradajza.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a vegetable from Solanaceae family and its fruit is used in human consumption. It is produced from seedlings in the Republic of Serbia and quantity of seed used for seedlings depends on germination and 1000 seed mass, and ranges from 250 to 350 g ha-1. The aim of this paper was to determine effect of fruit maturity stages and storage duration of harvested fruit on eggplant seed quality. Seed was extracted from technologically mature, semi-mature and botanically mature fruit. Germination energy, germination and 1000 seed mass were tested after seed extraction. Part of harvested fruit was stored for 10 and 20 days, after which seed was extracted and the same seed qualities were tested. It was determined that seed from technologically mature fruit had germination around 25%. In semi-mature fruit, germination abruptly increased from 2% (seed extracted after harvest) to 88% (seed extracted 20 days after harvest). Seed obtained from botanically mature fruit had maximum germination after storing for 20 days after harvest and amounted to 99%. In all tested variants, 1000 seed mass increased with storage life, and it reached 5.48 g in botanically mature fruit., Plavi patlidžan (Solanum melongena L.) je povrće iz familije Solanaceae čiji plodovi se koriste u ljudskoj ishrani. U Republici Srbiji se proizvodi iz rasada, a količina utrošenog semena za proizvodnju rasada zavisi od klijavosti i apsolutne mase semena i kreće se od 250-350 g za 1 ha useva. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj faza zrelosti ploda i dužine čuvanja ubranog ploda na semenske kvalitete plavog patlidžana. Seme je vađeno iz plodova koji su dostigli tehnološku zrelost, iz poluzrelih plodova i iz botanički zrelih plodova. Nakon vađenja semena ispitana je energija klijanja, klijavost i apsolutna masa semena. Deo ubranih plodova je ostavljen da stoji 10 i 20 dana, a potom je vađeno seme i ispitani su isti semenski kvaliteti. Ustanovljeno je da seme iz plodova u tehnološkoj zrelosti imalo klijavost oko 25%. Kod semena iz poluzrelih plodova klijavost se naglo povećala sa 2% (seme vađeno nakon berbe) na 88% (seme vađeno 20 dana nakon berbe). Seme dobijeno iz botanički zrelih plodova imalo je maksimalnu klijavost stajanjem ploda 20 dana nakon berbe i iznosila je 99%. Kod svih ispitivanih varijanti stajanjem ploda apsolutna masa semena se povećavala, a iz botanički zrelih plodova dostigla je 5,48 g.

Importance of tomato, being considered as "functional food" is reflected by the rising trend of harvested areas and consumption per capita, in recent decades. Beside specific demands, fruit quality is common for both, consumers of fresh fruits and processing industry. The objective of this study was to characterize 20 tomato genotypes based on physical and chemical quality characteristics and to segregate perspective genotypes for improvement of tomato quality by breeding programs. The experiment was carried out during three consecutive years (2010-2012) at experimental fields at Rimski Šančevi site, near Novi Sad. Five landraces, four old varieties, eight breeding lines and three commercial cultivars were chosen for the investigation. Following fruit characteristics were analyzed: average weight (g), length (cm), width (cm), pericarp thickness (mm), locule number, moisture content (%), total soluble solids (°Brix), ash content (%), total acidity (%) and pH value. Diversity of genotypes in all analized traits was found. Four principal components explained 90,6% of total variance or 36,5%, 24,2%, 19,8% and 10,1, respectively. Along the axis of the first main component, genotypes were classified into three groups. Genotypes with the thickest pericarp, highest total soluble solids, ash content, and acidity were identified, as promising for quality improvement in tomato breeding programs.

Late blight (LB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary is a highly destructive disease of tomato and appears worldwide. The losses caused by late blight depend on several factors, but main are weather conditions, genotype and amount of inoculum. The aim of this paper was to determine the reaction to the late blight in ten tomato genotypes under conditions of natural infection and to detect the potential sources of resistance. These genotypes are from tomato seed collection of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops. Two wild Solanum species (S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites), four varieties, two lines and one population were included in the trial. Weather conditions in Serbia in 2014 were very favourable for the disease development. Six assessments of LB intensity were performed from the end of June until the beginning of September. Per each genotype twenty four plants were evaluated according to 0-9 scale. Obtained data were transformed to percent and analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Intensity of LB symptoms on tomato plants in the second and third assessment in July was very low, up to 10%. In the following evaluations, the level of the infection increased and in the final assessment, wild species and local population grouped as less susceptible to the disease. However, the intensity of late blight, under extremely favourable weather conditions, was also high, 50% on wild species S. pimpinellifolium and S. habrochaites and 70% on local population Volovsko srce., Plamenjača koju prouzrokuje Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary je veoma značajno i široko rasprostranjeno oboljenje paradajza. Gubici prouzrokovani ovim oboljenjem zavise od nekoliko faktora: vremenski uslovi, genotip i količina inokuluma. Cilj rada je bio da se odredi reakcija 10 genotipova paradajza prema plamenjači u uslovima prirodne infekcije i da se utvrde mogući izvori otpornosti. Genotipovi uključeni u ogled su iz kolekcije Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo: dve divlje vrste iz roda Solanum (S. pimpinellifolium i S. habrochaites), četiri sorte, dve linije i jedna populacija. Klimatski uslovi tokom 2014. godine su bili veoma povoljni za razvoj bolesti. U period od kraja juna do početka septembra urađeno je šest ocena intenziteta oboljenja. Za svaki genotip je ocenjeno 24 biljke po skali od 0-9. Dobijeni podaci su pretvoreni u procente i analizirani po Kruskal-Wallis testu koristeći statistički program Statistica ver. 12 (StatSoft, Inc., USA). Intenzitet plamenjače na biljkama paradajza tokom druge i treće ocene u julu je bio veoma nizak, do 10%. U narednim ocenama intenzitet infekcije je rastao da bi se u poslednjoj oceni divlje vrste i lokalna populacija grupisale u manje osetljive prema bolesti. Međutim intenzitet plamenjače, pod veoma povoljnim vremenskim uslovima bio je visok i na ovim genotipovima, 50% na divljim vrstama S. pimpinellifolium (S-120, S-220) i S. habrochaites; i 70% na lokalnoj populaciji Volovsko srce.

Paradajz je najčešće uzgajano povrće u svetu i najviše prerađivano na različite načine. U Srbiji se gaji na 20309 ha,s ostvarenim prosečnim prinosom od 8,7 t/ha (Statistički godišnjak RS, 2008). Ukupna godišnja produkcija paradajza u Republici Srbiji iznosi 176501 t. U svetu se gaji na površini od 4643957 ha (FAO, 2007). To je znatno povećanje površine ako se uzme u obzir da se pre 20 godina gajio na oko 2,5 miliona ha. Najveći proizvođači paradajza u svetu su Kina, Indija, Turska, Egipat, USA, Rusija, Italija i Meksiko. Godišnja proizvodnja paradajza u svetu iznosi 129942416 t, a prosečan prinos je 27980 kg/ha. Klimatski faktori u kombinaciji sa drugim agroekološkim elementima, uz novo selekcionisane sorte i hibride, pružaju izvanredno dobre uslove za proizvodnju paradajza u našoj zemlji. U Vojvodini i uz rečne doline centralne Srbije, postoji dobra kombinacija zemljišta i obilje vode za navodnjavanje, kao i povoljna klima.

Plavi patlidžan (Solanum melongena L.) je biljka tropskih rejona Indije. U Srbiju je prenesen iz Turske. U nekim zemljama kao što su Kina, Japan, Indija, Filipinska ostrva, Indonezija, Italija, Španija, Grčka, Francuska ima široku upotrebu u kulinarstvu. U nas nažalost ima ograničen značaj, po svoj prilici stoga što je malo poznat način pripremanja za jelo lepih, ovalno izduženih plodova, koji dostižu masu od 250 do 500 g, a ponekad i kilogram. Naročito ga malo koristi seosko stanovništvo. Gajenje ove povrtarske kulture u nas, nažalost, nikad nije dostiglo značajne razmere. Stoka ne jede sveže plodove, pa se dugo smatralo da je otrovna biljka. Otrovna i jeste, ali se kuvanjem ili pečenjem otrovnost omotača ploda, usled sadržaja solanina M gubi.

Early blight is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. Under favorable conditions it could cause high yield losses. Resistant cultivars are the most convenient way for disease control. The aim of this paper was to screen the resistance of 20 tomato genotypes (collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops) against natural infection of early blight. A trial was conducted at experimental field of Vegetable Crops Department in Rimski Sargevi, (Vojvodina, Serbia) during 2011. The tomato genotypes originate from nine countries. The intensity of early blight was assessed according to scale 1-9. After the fruit assessment the fruit weight and fruit dry matter content were measured. Obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient by statistical software Statistica ver. 12 (StatSoft, Inc., USA). The medians of intensity of leaf infection were ranged from 1 to 3. There were significant differences among genotypes. Genotypes Wilma, Red cloud and Dwarf stone nano had significant lower disease intensity than Red ball, UC- 134-1-2 VF, Gevgelijski, V1, V3, V7, V8 and V19. Lower disease intensity was also observed in genotypes Wican and Rutgers comparing to Red Ball and V19. There were no significant differences in level of the fruit infection. Dry matter content ranged from 4% (Express) to 6.1% (Ponderosa red). The highest fruit weight had genotype Wilma (215 g) and the lowest genotype Express (70 g). Intensity of leaf disease was in the negative correlation with fruit weight and in the positive correlation with dry matter content.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is one of the most common and economically important vegetable crops grown in an open field and indoors. In Serbia, it is grown on about 20,000 ha and 180,0001 of tomato fruit are harvested. The average yields per hectare in the country are very low around 9,000 kg/ha. The reasons for such low yields do not lie in the genetic potential of tomato cultivars and hybrids grown but in the inadequacy of the growing technologies used and the reduced or inadequate application of mineral fertilizers and plant protection chemicals. The present paper describes tomato production and its demands related to growing conditions water requirements as affected by temperature, crop rotation, and soil selection. It also discusses fertilizer application in this crop as affected by soil fertility as well as tomato harvesting. Special attention is devoted to calculations used in outdoor tomato production from seeds and to the economy of tomato production. Tomato fruit production can be highly profitable, provided it makes use of appropriate cultural practices scientific discoveries and achievements of modern vegetable production., Paradajz (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) je jedna od najčešćih i ekonomski najznačajnijih povrtarskih vrsta, koje se gaje na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru. U Srbiji se paradajz gaji na oko 20.000 ha, sa ostvarenom proizvodnjom od 180.000 t ploda. Ostvareni prosečni prinosi po hektaru su veoma niski (u Srbiji) i kreću se oko 9.000 kg po hektaru. Razlozi ovako niskih prinosa nisu u genetskom potencijalu sorti i hibrida već u neadekvatnoj tehnologiji gajenja, smanjenoj i neadekvatnoj primeni mineralnih đubriva i sredstava za zaštitu bilja. U radu su dati uslovi uspevanja potrebe za vodom u zavisnosti od temperature, plodored i izbor zemljišta za proizvodnju paradajza. Dat je osvrt na đubrenje paradajza u zavisnosti od plodnosti zemljišta, kao i berba paradajza. Posebno je obrađena kalkulacija proizvodnje paradajza na otvorenom polju iz direktne setve i ekonomičnost proizvodnje. Proizvodnja ploda paradajza je profitabilna i visoko akumulativna, ukoliko se primenjuju: pravilna agrotehnika, naučna saznanja i dostignuća savremene povrtarske proizvodnje.

Early blight is one of the most common and destructive tomato disease and it is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. The aim of this paper was to screen the reaction of ten tomato genotypes (collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops) against natural infection of early blight. Tested genotypes showed significant differences in the disease occurrence on leaves but not on fruits. However, at the biochemical level, total phenolics (TP), tannins (TT), flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activity in tomato fruits was significantly affected by genotype, disease occurrence and interaction of these two factors. According to obtained results, content of these secondary metabolites could be used as a one of the parameters in the evaluation of tomato resistance to EB.

This paper presents the impact of floral branches on the production of seeds and fruit The first and second nodes were the most important for yield. 1000 seed mass ranged from 2.82 g in variety Dunavski rubin, to 3.27 g in variety Novosadski jabučar. All genotypes showed significant differences in 1000 seed mass on I node. Mass of 1000 seeds in Novosadski jabučar and line V14 decreased from I to IV node, while in Dunavski rubin and Pegaz highest mass were on III node. Seed yield per plant ranged from 5.2 - 6.6 g. Total seed yield/ha ranged from 147 kg/ha (Pegaz) to 186 kg/ha (Novosadski jabučar). Very important parameter in tomato seed production is mass of fruit needed for 1 kilogram of dry seeds. Novosadski jabučar requires 247 kg of fruit, Pegaz 324 kg, line V14 332 kg, and Dunavski rubin 430 kg., U radu su prikazani rezultati indeterminantnih genotipova paradajza, gajenih na četiri cvetne grane i njihov uticaj na produkciju semena i prinos ploda. Ispitivani genotipovi su se razlikovali u prinosu ploda. Nosioci prinosa su plodovi sa prve dve etaže. Najveći prinos ploda ostvaren je sa I etaže. Prinos ploda II, III i IV etaže opada, osim kod linije V 14, gde je maksimalan prinos ostvaren ubiranjem plodova sa II etaže. Masa 1000 semena se kretala od 2,82 grama kod sorte Dunavski rubin, do 3,27 grama kod sorte Novosadski jabučar. Svi genotipovi su se značajno razlikovali u apsolutnoj masi semena sa I etaže. Masa 1000 semena kod sorte Novosadski jabučar i visoke linije V 14 opada od I ka IV etaži, dok je kod sorti Dunavski rubin i Pegaz seme sa III etaže bilo najkrupnije. Prinos semena po biljci se kretao od 5,2 grama do 6,6 grama. Seme izvađeno iz plodova I i II etaže čini 60% ukupnog prinosa semena kod sorte Novosadski jabučar, pa do 75% kod sorti Dunavski rubin i Pegaz. Ostvareni ukupan prinos semena po hektaru se kretao od 147 kg ha-1 (Pegaz) do 186 kg ha-1 (Novosadski jabučar). Veoma važan parametar u semenskoj proizvodnji paradajza je podatak, koliko kilograma ploda je potrebno za 1 kilogram suvog semena. Kod sorte Novosadski jabučar potrebno je 247 kg ploda za 1 kilogram semena, kod sorte Pegaz 324 kg, kod linije V14, 332 kg, a kod sorte Dunavski rubin 430 kg.