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Due to the randomness of the shape and hardness distribution of coal and rock in the cutting process of the cantilever roadheader, the cutting head will produce irregular violent vibration when cutting into hard rock. The instantaneous high-intensity impact has the greatest impact on the rotary table, which is the key force component of the roadheader. Its dynamic reliability and life affect the cutting efficiency and cutting stability. In order to reduce the vibration of the rotary table in the cutting process, firstly, based on the phenomenon that the rotary table in the cutting site is easy to fail and damage, the mechanical model of the rotary table in the cutting process is established, and the mechanical equation of the rotary table is deduced. The variation law of the force of the rotary table with the cutting parameters is studied. By building a cutting test bench, the vibration response of the rotary table during the cutting process is tested. Combined with the finite element, the vibration modal analysis of the rotary table is carried out to solve the first six natural frequencies and vibration modes of the rotary table, and the reasons for the severe vibration of the rotary table are analyzed. Secondly, based on the theory of working condition path analysis, the transmission path analysis model of cutting process rotary table working condition is established, the synthetic vibration of rotary table is simulated, the contribution and contribution degree of each excitation point to the vibration of rotary table are analyzed, and the main excitation source of rotary table is accurately found. Finally, by applying external active excitation, the vibration of the rotary table under different excitation frequencies is analyzed, and the excitation frequency band that can reduce the vibration of the rotary table during the cutting process is explored. The experimental results show that the external excitation frequency is between 20-60 Hz, and the vibration amplitude of the rotary table is significantly reduced. The excitation frequency of this frequency band has a good effect on the vibration control of the rotary table, which is beneficial to improve the life of the rotary table. When the excitation frequency is 40 Hz, the vibration of the rotary table is the smallest and the vibration suppression effect of the rotary table is the best. The research results are beneficial to enrich the research theory of rotary table vibration, and reduce the force and structural deformation of rotary table without changing the mechanical structure, which can provide theoretical reference for the vibration problem of rotary table of roadheader.

Abstract Single‐component ambipolar polymers are highly desirable for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and integration into complementary logic circuits with reduced process complexity. However, they often suffer from imbalanced p‐type and n‐type characteristics and/or stability issues. Herein, a novel single‐component ambipolar polymer, namely, gIDT–BBT is reported based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) as the electron donor, benzobisthiadiazole (BBT) as the electron acceptor and oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) as the side chain. Benefitting from the extended backbone planarity and rigidity of IDT, pronounced electron‐withdrawing capability of BBT, favored ionic transport from OEG together with vertical OECT device structure, a nearly balanced ambipolar OECT performance is achieved for gIDT–BBT, revealing a high transconductance of 155.05 ± 1.58/27.28 ± 0.92 mS, a high current on/off ratio >106 and an excellent operational stability under both p‐type and n‐type operation conditions. With gIDT–BBT in hand, furthermore, vertically stacked complementary inverters are successfully fabricated to show a maximum voltage gain of 28 V V−1 (VIN = 0.9 V) and stable operation over 1000 switching cycles, and then used for efficient electrooculogram recording. This work provides a new approach for the development of ambipolar single‐component organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors and establishes a foundation for the manufacture of high‐performance ambipolar OECTs and associated complementary circuits.

Abstract As one of the key components of the belt conveyor, the roller bears the task of supporting and rolling the conveyor belt, and monitoring its condition is very important. The traditional monitoring of the conveyor roller group adopts worker inspection, which has strong subjectivity. Monitoring using sensors necessitates the use of numerous sensors, which can pose wiring challenges. The use of inspection robots for monitoring results can be discontinuous, and their performance may be limited. This study proposes a fault diagnosis method for rollers based on a distributed fiber optic sensing system. By improving the traditional Isolation Forest (IForest), a framework called Incremental Majority Voting Isolation Forest (IMV-IForest) is proposed. By analyzing the optical signal, we extracted the variation patterns of roller faults over time and space, and analyzed the abnormal score distribution between fault data and normal data. Using the dataset collected on-site, we compared and analyzed IMV-IForest with the traditional IForest and the Extended Isolation Forest (E-iForest). The results indicate that the variation of the fault of the faulty roller with time and space can be used for early prediction of roller faults; determine an anomaly score threshold of 0.6; improved IForest have faster computation time and higher accuracy. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a 3-month experiment was conducted on a 600 m long belt conveyor in a certain mine, and on-site monitoring results were obtained. By comparing with manual detection results, it was shown that the proposed method has high recognition rate for faulty idlers, with an accuracy rate of 97.92%, and can effectively diagnose faulty idlers.

In view of the intelligentization of coal mine roadway excavation, this paper discusses the current development status of four major categories of intelligent fast excavation equipment, including continuous mining machine, excavation and anchor machine, full-section excavation system, and anchor excavation machine, analyzes the applicability of the four major categories of intelligent fast excavation equipment with the geological conditions, proposes some key technological issues for the realization of intelligent coal mine excavation which need to be resolved, and also explores the information transmission and intelligent analysis technology, intelligent perception technology, precise positioning and navigation technology, autonomous stereotyped directional cutting technology, remote and autonomous cutting control technology of road-header and multi-level and multi-process intelligent cooperative control technology, as they are the basis for the realization of intelligent roadway excavation. Based on the key technological issues needed to be solved in the mine roadway excavation under the complex geological conditions, the paper puts forward the design method of systematic analysis, modular design and optimal combination of functions, according to the functional requirements of the excavation operation and the requirements of the excavation process. A multi-level digital twin architecture of virtual control and virtual-reality combination is studied based on the multi-dimensional information reproduction of heading equipment, environment, and geological structure to realize the remote control of road-heading machine. A control method that integrates single-machine intelligence, system synergism, and synergism of underground intelligent control and surface remote monitoring is proposed. A new type of flexible advance support technology without repetitive crushing, multi-stage telescopic cutting technology of cutting section, and multi-rig parallel operation technology of intelligent anchoring unit have been developed, and a new type of combined unit for rapid roadway heading operation with a parallel operation of excavating, supporting, anchoring, transporting, and exploring processes has been also developed, and a flexible parallel operation technology of excavation robot, advance support robot, anchoring robot, and auxiliary transportation robot group has been proposed. A data-driven multi-machine, multi-process collaborative control behavior planning and decision-making method is proposed. In addition, it is proposed to construct a complete coal mine underground cross-system full-temporal-spatial information digital sensing system, build a data sensing intelligent monitoring platform with multi-parameter, multi-scale and full-temporal-spatial characteristics, that integrates the production state of underground site, spatial information of roadway, state of heading equipment, and risk information, etc., and realize a real-time communication between virtual system and actual tunneling system, so as to realize the intelligent and less-manned heading through data-driven planning and analysis.

Abstract Protein degradation techniques, such as proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and lysosome‐targeting chimeras (LYTACs), have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases. However, the efficacy of current protein degradation methods still needs to be improved to address the complex mechanisms underlying diseases. Herein, a LYTAC Plus hydrogel engineered is proposed by nucleic acid self‐assembly, which integrates a gene silencing motif into a LYTAC construct to enhance its therapeutic potential. As a proof‐of‐concept study, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)‐binding peptides and mannose‐6 phosphate (M6P) moieties into a self‐assembled nucleic acid hydrogel are introduced, enabling its LYTAC capability. Small interference RNAs (siRNAs) is then employed that target the angiopoietin‐2 (ANG‐2) gene as cross‐linkers for hydrogel formation, giving the final LYTAC Plus hydrogel gene silencing ability. With dual functionalities, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel demonstrated effectiveness in simultaneously reducing the levels of VEGFR‐2 and ANG‐2 both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in improving therapeutic outcomes in treating neovascular age‐related macular degeneration in a mouse model. As a general material platform, the LYTAC Plus hydrogel may possess great potential for the treatment of various diseases and warrant further investigation.

Abstract A new type of parallel operation unit for excavating and supporting anchors is proposed to address the issue of imbalanced excavation anchor ratio in coal mines. By equipping a straddle type anchoring drilling rig group, the synchronous parallel and fast operation mode for excavating and supporting anchors is achieved; Consider the problem of poor drilling stability of drill pipes in coal mines due to the coupling vibration between surrounding rock and anchoring equipment. Firstly, taking the multi drilling rig anchoring system as the research object, considering the influence of the equipment itself as an influencing factor on the vibration of the drill pipe, a dynamic model of the system is constructed using Lagrangian equations, and analytical solutions for the vibration displacement of each mass block are obtained; In order to more intuitively represent the vibration process of the drill pipe, Ansys is used to conduct modal analysis on the key components of the anchoring drilling rig system, and obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of each order of the key components; Using Adams to solve the rigid flexible coupling dynamic model of the anchoring drilling rig system, the vibration response laws of the drill pipe under different operating states were obtained. Secondly, Abaqus was used to simulate the drilling process of the drill pipe and obtain the vibration response law generated by the interaction between the drill pipe and the surrounding rock; The results indicate that the anchoring equipment has a greater impact on the vibration of the drill pipe, and the surrounding rock has a more stable impact on the vibration of the drill pipe. Due to the short body and large span structure of the anchoring system crossbeam expansion frame, the vibration response of the drill pipe is significantly greater than that of the retracted state of the drilling rig due to being in an unstable cantilever state when the drilling rig is extended. The theoretical reliability of the vibration response law of the drill pipe under different states has been further verified through drilling experiments of the anchoring system prototype. The relevant theories can provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of automatic anchoring technology in the anchoring system.

In order to improve the production efficiency of the coal washing process, increase the service life of the washing equipment, maximize the potential production capacity of the screening equipment in the coal preparation plant, improve the rationality of the screening process, comprehensively improve the relaxation screen screening system and reduce the wear rate of the screen surface due to the high screening efficiency, a measure of adjusting the performance parameters of the relaxation screen is proposed to optimize the screening efficiency and reduce the wear of the screen surface. The flexible sieve plate is discretized to reduce the complexity of the simulation process of the flexible sieve plate, and the multi-body dynamics simulation and the discrete element method are used to numerically simulate the sieving process of the sieve surface, and the performance parameters of the relaxation sieve are obtained. : The influence law of relaxation frequency, sieve surface inclination, and relaxation amount on screening efficiency, and considering the correlation coefficient method and the significance test method comprehensively, it is determined that the relaxation amount is a non-key factor affecting the screening efficiency. On the basis of summarizing the wear law of the relaxation sieve screening process, the influence law of the sieve surface relaxation amount on the wear depth in the simulation process is obtained through the Relative Wear and Archard Wear models. Based on the dual effects of relaxation on screening efficiency and wear depth, the linear weighting method was selected for multi-objective optimization of screen surface performance, and the performance parameters of the screen surface that ensured the highest screening efficiency and minimum wear depth were obtained and verified by simulation. The research results show that: the screening efficiency decreases with the increase of the inclination angle of the screen surface, and the greater the relaxation amount and the relaxation frequency, the change rule increases first and then decreases; After increasing, the trend decreases. Considering the screening efficiency and the wear of the screen surface comprehensively, the optimal performance parameters of the screen surface are obtained, that is, when the relaxation amount of the screen surface is selected as 5 mm, the screening efficiency can reach 80.85%, and the wear depth of the screen surface It is only 0.051 6 mm, compared with the optimal screening efficiency, the wear of the screen surface is reduced by 26.5%, while the screening efficiency is only reduced by 0.48%, which can significantly reduce the wear of the screen surface under the condition that the screening efficiency is less affected. It shows that the sieving performance of the optimized relaxation sieve has been significantly improved. The adoption of the above technical solutions can effectively improve the performance parameters of the screening link in the washing process, improve the production capacity of the equipment, and provide technical support for the intelligence of the washing system of the coal preparation plant.

Abstract The cutting process of the cantilever tunneling machine mainly generates excitation through the cutting motor or the hydraulic cylinder driven by the hydraulic system. Regardless of the driving method, the frequency width of the excitation system is limited, difficult to control, and the excitation effect is poor. Therefore, in order to improve excavation efficiency, the excitation system parallel to the original cutting and rotating system is designed. Based on the excitation characteristics caused by alternating fluid flow, the core component of the excitation system, hydraulic exciter, is designed, and the dynamics and dynamic characteristics of the excitation system are analyzed. Based on AMESim software, analyze the impact of factors such as pump displacement, excitation frequency, and pipeline parameters on the operational performance of the electro-hydraulic vibration cutting system, and conduct experimental verification by building a cutting test bench. The experimental results show that as the inner diameter of the pipeline increases, the fluctuation at the acceleration turning point decreases in each cycle and approaches the peak faster. As the excitation frequency increases, the cutting acceleration of the electro-hydraulic excitation cutting system decreases first and then increases, verifying the accuracy of the simulation results. In the experiment, it was found that the acceleration transformation range of the cutting head of the excitation system is the smallest and most stable when the excitation frequency is 30 Hz. In order to verify that the excitation frequency of 30 Hz is the optimal frequency, further contact force tests were conducted on the cutting teeth. It was found that when the hydraulic excitation system adds a 30 Hz excitation frequency, the contact force on the cutting teeth is the smallest. It is more conducive to reducing the damage and wear of the cutting head, and the cutting effect of the cutting head is more obvious. The research results are beneficial for improving the cutting performance of the electro-hydraulic excitation cutting system, providing theoretical support for the selection of cutting parameters for excavation machinery and hydraulic excitation, and improving the existing theoretical system for active excitation cutting vibration analysis of excavation machines.

A new type of parallel operation unit for excavation, support and anchor is proposed to address the imbalance of excavation and anchor ratio in coal mines. It has high adaptability to the shape of tunnel sections, coal rock properties, and unevenness of roof and floor under complex geological conditions. By equipped with a multi posture new anchoring drilling rig system, the synchronous parallel and fast operation mode of excavation and anchor is achieved; Considering factors such as the spatial position relationship of anchor excavation operation, the shape and size of anchor section, and the influence of coupling vibration of anchor operation, a drilling vibration suppression device for anchor drilling rig system is proposed, which adopts a “sky to earth” stable support form to reduce the coupling vibration influence of adjacent systems during synchronous operation of anchor drilling rig group system; Considering that the anchor drilling rig group is composed of multi mass and multi degree of freedom systems, a vibration Transitive model diagram of the unit’s attitude changing operation state under complex terrain conditions is proposed. The finite element analysis software Abaqus is used to simulate the drilling conditions with different rock properties, and the analysis can obtain the change law of the drill pipe’s propulsion resistance under different coal seam conditions; In order to find out the variation law of the stiffness value of the key components of the anchoring drill system under the action of the vibration suppression device, the variation range of the stiffness value of the beam stretching out of different lengths and the cylinder outrigger stretching out/retracting state is solved based on the deformation coordination method in Strength of materials; Through the List of numerical-analysis software Matlab, the dynamic model of the above anchoring rig system is solved, and the vibration parameters of the rig group under different working conditions such as the extension of the left and right crossbeams and the extension and retraction of the outriggers are obtained. The analysis shows that the drilling rig outriggers have a very significant effect on reducing the lateral rolling vibration of the anchoring unit. By conducting prototype testing and analysis of the anchoring system, it is verified that the vibration suppression effect of the support legs of the anchoring drilling rig system meets the requirements. By improving the stability of the anchoring system, a certain theoretical basis can be provided for research on automatic anchoring positioning, drilling and hole forming quality, and other aspects.

Abstract High-efficiency rock breaking technology is an important problem to be solved urgently in deep mining. The existing auxiliary rock breaking technology for coal mine excavation has problems such as polluting coal, high requirements for tool materials, and difficulty in subsequent washing. In this paper, an active excitation cutting system for rotary cylinder of cantilever roadheader based on alternating valve is proposed. According to the classical calculation formula of cutting load of roadheader, considering the stiffness-damping characteristics of cutting part and cutting cylinder, the simulation algorithm of cutting load is compiled based on MATLAB simulation analysis software. The excitation cutting experiments of different cutting depths are carried out on the cutting test bench, and compared with the simulation algorithm of cutting load. Taking the cutting load as the discriminant index, the influence of oil supply pressure and excitation frequency of rotary cylinder on the cutting load is analyzed based on the simulation algorithm of cutting load. The results show that the error between the simulation results and the experimental results of the active excitation state is less than 12%, and the two are in good agreement. Under the condition of 30 HZ, when the excitation amplitude is 8 Mpa, 10 Mpa, 12 Mpa, 14 Mpa, when the rotary cylinder excitation amplitude is 10 Mpa, the minimum is 131.42 KN. Compared with the rotary cylinder excitation amplitude under the condition of 10 Mpa, when the excitation frequency is 30 HZ, 35 HZ, 40 HZ, 45 HZ, when the excitation frequency is 40 HZ, the minimum is 83.08 KN, indicating that changing the excitation amplitude or oil supply pressure of the rotary cylinder is helpful to adjust the cutting performance.

Due to the influence of coal rock shape, hardness, working environment and other factors in the cutting process of cantilever roadheader, the cutting head will produce irregular and violent vibration. As the rotary table of key stress components, its operation process stability, dynamic reliability and life affect the cutting efficiency and cutting stability of cantilever roadheader. In order to study the vibration characteristics of the rotary table in the cutting process, firstly, based on the theory of spatial force analysis and calculation, the spatial mechanical model of the rotary table of the cantilever roadheader is established. By solving the balance equation of the rotary table force system, the variation law of the load at the hinge ear of the rotary table with the cutting pitch angle and the horizontal angle is obtained. Secondly, based on the path transfer analysis method of working condition, the vibration data of cutting head, cutting cantilever, cutting lifting and rotary hydraulic cylinder under stable cutting condition are taken as input signals. By constructing the transfer path analysis model of rotary table working condition, the synthetic vibration of rotary table in cutting process is simulated, and the main vibration source of rotary table is determined. Then, the vibration contribution and contribution degree of each vibration excitation point to the hinge ear of rotary table are studied. By building a cutting test bench, the vibration response of rotary table in cutting process is tested to verify the correctness of the theoretical model.Thirdly, based on the frequency domain analysis method of random vibration fatigue life, combined with the S-N curve of the rotary table, the PSD curve at the maximum stress of the rotary table is obtained by modal excitation method, and the load data is imported into ANSYS nCode software to obtain the life cloud diagram and damage cloud diagram of the rotary table, and then the fatigue life of the rotary table under symmetrical cyclic load is solved. Finally, based on the response surface optimization analysis method, the maximum stress and maximum deformation of the rotary table are taken as the optimization objectives, and the aperture of each hinge ear of the rotary table is taken as the optimization variable. Based on Design Expert, a second-order regression model is established to realize the multi-objective optimization design of the key stress parts of the rotary table in the cutting process. The simulation results show that under the same cutting conditions, the maximum stress of the optimized rotary table is reduced by 15.82% year-on-year, and the maximum deformation is reduced by 24.70% year-on-year. The optimized rotary table structure can better adapt to the cutting process, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the rotary table and enhance its operation stability. The research results are beneficial to enrich the relevant research theory in the field of rotary table vibration of cantilever roadheader, and are beneficial to improve the service life of the rotary table and the efficiency of tunneling and mining.

The automatic cutting of coal and rock surface morphology modeling based on the actual geological environment of coal mine underground excavation and mining is of great significance for improving the surface quality of coal and rock after cutting and enhancing the safety and stability of advanced support. To this end, using the principle of coordinate transformation, the kinematic trajectory of the cutting head of the tunneling machine is established, and the contour morphology of the cutting head under variable cutting technology is obtained. Then, based on the regenerative vibration theory of the cutting head, a dynamic model of the cutting head coal wall is established, and the coordinate relationship of the cutting head in the tunnel coordinate system under vibration induction is analyzed. Based on fractal theory and Z-MAP method, a simulation method for the surface morphology of coal and rock after cutting is proposed, which is driven by the cutting trajectory Under the coupling effect of cutting vibration induction and random fragmentation of coal and rock, simulation of the surface morphology of comprehensive excavation tunnels was conducted, and relevant experiments were conducted to verify the results. A 1:3 similarity experimental model of EBZ160 tunneling machine was used to build a cutting head coal and rock system cutting experimental platform for comparative experiments of cutting morphology. Furthermore, statistical methods were used to compare and evaluate the simulated roof with the actual roof. The results show that the relative errors between the maximum range of peaks and valleys, the peak skewness coefficient of height standard deviation, and the kurtosis coefficient of the actual roof are 1.3%, 24.5%, 16%, and 2.9%, respectively. Overall, this indicates that the surface morphology distribution characteristics of the simulated roof and the actual roof are similar, verifying the effectiveness of the modeling and simulation method proposed in this paper, and providing theoretical support for the design and optimization of advanced support in the future.

C-type lectins are involved in nonself-recognition and pathogen clearance, and play an important role in innate immunity. Pinctada fucata martensii, which is an important shellfish in the pearl industry, is being attacked by pathogenic microorganisms; therefore, it is urgent to study its innate immune function. In the present study, a C-type lectin (designated as Pmlectin) containing two carbohydrate-recognition domains was identified in P. f. martensii. The open reading frame of Pmlectin encodes 293 amino acids and Pmlectin expression was detected in various tissues, with the highest expression being in the gill. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, as stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan and polyinosinic acid, could induce the expression of Pmlectin. Meanwhile, a recombinant protein of Pmlectin (rPmlectin) was used for antibacterial function analysis, and the rPmlectin was shown to be bacteriostatic against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence for understanding the diversity of C-type lectins in P. f. martensii. In particular, Pmlectin was shown to be involved in the innate immune response P. f. martensii.

Abstract Aiming at the imbalance problem of excavating and anchoring efficiency ratio in the underground coal mine, a new type of parallel operation unit of excavation-supporting-anchoring is proposed to improve the excavating efficiency. Considering the uneven factors of the roof and floor of the coal mine roadway, the influence of different drilling angles and leg support angles on the leg support force is studied under the condition of simultaneous drilling of multiple drilling rigs. The results show that the maximum support force is 4.002 KN when the leg angle is different and the drilling angle is different. By constructing the coupling vibration model of the multi-drill drilling process and using the Lagrange method to solve the vibration law of key components of the anchorage system, the vibration law of drill pipe under different influencing factors such as cantilever extension, multi-drill simultaneous drilling, and drilling incident angle is studied. The results showed: (1) The vibration of the drill pipe in the cantilever extension state is more severe than that in the retracted state, and the maximum vibration peak reaches 7.61 mm. (2) The vibration response of the drill pipe is the most intense under the condition of four top anchor drilling rigs drilling at the same time. Under the working condition of only two drilling rigs, the vibration response of the drill pipe is the smallest. (3) As the drilling angle of the drilling rig increases, the vibration response of the drill pipe is more severe and the vibration amplitude is larger. A test prototype is built to simulate the actual anchoring drilling process, and the vibration law of the support platform and the drilling rig is obtained through the vibration detection system. The test results show that the vibration law of the key components is approximately the same as the theoretical simulation results. The relevant theoretical results can provide a technical basis for the drilling stability of the anchoring system.

Abstract In order to study the influence of the multiple interaction of coal and rock and the velocity effect of the cutting head on the flutter stability of the cantilever roadheader, considering the physical characteristics of coal and rock, the structural parameters of the cutting head and the motion parameters of the cutting head, the functional expression of the cutting depth of the cutting head and the participating cutting teeth is fitted, the cutting state mechanical characteristic equation of the dynamic cutting of the cutting teeth is established, and based on the mapping relationship between the cutting teeth and the cutting head, a cutting dynamic model including multiple interactions between cutting head and coal and rock and the speed effect is constructed. An improved discrete method based on Newton–Lagrange mixed interpolation is proposed, and the influence law of the coupling effect of regeneration effect and velocity effect on the stability of cutting flutter under cutting state is clarified. The improved full discrete method is compared with the full discrete method and the semi-discrete method, and the superiority of the improved full discrete method based on the mixed interpolation method is proved. Based on the improved total discrete method, the influence of different cutting system dynamic parameters on the stability is studied. A cutting head coal rock system is built to simulate the flutter of the cutting system. The results show that the improved fully discrete method can reasonably predict the actual cutting state.

Abstract Considering that the movement trajectory of roadheader cutting head directly affects the surface morphology characteristics of roadway forming, the creation mechanism of roadway contour obtained by cutting head cutting roadway is analyzed. The robot kinematics analysis method was used to determine the coordinates of the roadheader cutting head in the roadway space coordinate system, and the mathematical model of the cutting head cutting the roadway contour was constructed. Through numerical calculation, the differences of roadway morphology characteristics formed by three different types of cutting heads are analyzed. The orthogonal experiment was designed, and the regression equation under multiple factors was solved with the experimental results. The influence of cutting feed rate, cutting Angle, cutting head radius and cutting head cone Angle on the morphology characteristics of cutting surface was analyzed by regression calculation and theoretical calculation. The research results show that the roadway surface obtained by "spherical crown + cylinder" cutting head is the most uneven, and the roadway surface obtained by "spherical crown + cone + cylinder" cutting head is the most flat. With the decrease of cutting lifting Angle, cutting feed, cutting head cone Angle and the increase of cutting head crown radius, the smoothness of roadway obtained by cutting is higher.

While water-splitting electrolysis offers a potential renewable means to store energy, the oxygen evolution half-reaction’s sluggish kinetics limits performances. Here, authors incorporation boron into nickel-iron hydroxide catalysts to promote electrocatalytic water oxidation activities

Nowadays, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture and wellness tourism are developing toward integration with an inherent and inevitable basis. A new business mode of TCM wellness tourism bred has emerged, injecting new vitality into the development of TCM culture and innovation of tourism. As the cultural representative of TCM industry, Zhang Zhongjing culture should seize the opportunity to make a breakthrough in its brand construction with the help of wellness tourism. The main construction strategies include actively launching books or films and television dramas based on the deeds of Zhang Zhongjing and other famous TCM doctors, turning herbs cultivation bases into special tourism and sightseeing parks, establishing research and dissemination bases of TCM culture, and building TCM wellness tourism bases that integrate learning, rehabilitation, and tourism, using information technology and cultural media platforms to introduce Zhang Zhongjing culture to the world.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) show abundant potential in biosensors, artificial neuromorphic systems, brain-machine interfaces, etc With the fast development of novel functional materials and new device structures, OECTs with high transconductance (g _m > mS) and good cycling stabilities (> 10,000 cycles) have been developed. While stability characterization is always time-consuming, to accelerate the development and commercialization of OECTs, tools for stability prediction are urgently needed. In this paper, OECTs with good cycling stabilities are realized by minimizing the gate voltage amplitude during cycling, while a remaining useful life (RUL) prediction framework for OECTs is proposed. Specifically, OECTs based on p(g2T-T) show tremendously enhanced stability which exhibits only 46.1% on-current (I _ON ) and 33.2% peak g _m decreases after 80,000 cycles (53 min). Then, RUL prediction is proposed based on the run-to-failure (RtF) aging tests (cycling stability test of OECTs). By selecting two aging parameters (I _ON and peak g _m ) as health indicators (HI), a novel multi-scale feature fusion (MFF) method for RUL prediction is proposed, which consists of a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network based multi-scale feature generator (MFG) module for feature extraction and an attention-based feature fusion (AFF) module for feature fusion. Consequently, richer effective information is utilized to improve the prediction performance, where the experimental results show the superiority of the proposed framework on multiple OECTs in RUL prediction tasks. Therefore, by introducing such a powerful framework for the evaluation of the lifetime of OECTs, further optimization of materials, devices, and integrated systems relevant to OECTs will be stimulated. Moreover, this tool can also be extended to other relevant bioelectronics.

In order to achieve a breakthrough in the exploration of uranium orebodies in the Changjiang area of Guangdong province in China, the geo-electrochemical exploration method is used for mineral resource prediction. The logarithmically and isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformations are applied to the geo-electrochemical data in this study area to extract geochemical anomalies. The relationship between element associations and mineralization is revealed through descriptive statistical analysis and further biplot analysis. Then, the energy spectrum density–area fractal model (S-A model) is used to identify geochemical backgrounds and anomalies. The results show that: (i) the logarithmically and ilr-transformed data are more uniform, and they more or less obey the rules of normal distribution; (ii) the biplot shows that the ilr-transformed data eliminates the closure effect, and the robust principal component analysis (RPCA) has a better indicative significance for element associations—PC1 reveals the mineralization element association dominated by U and the multiple periods of hydrothermal activity; (iii) the S-A method could extract the local anomalies from different geochemical backgrounds, which indicates mineralization is more reliable. Finally, four favorable prospecting targets are delineated based on the geological and geochemical indicators.

Insect hormones, such as juvenile hormone (JH), precisely regulate insect life-history traits. The regulation of JH is tightly associated with the tolerance or resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). JH esterase (JHE) is a primary JH-specific metabolic enzyme which plays a key role in regulating JH titer. Here, we characterized a JHE gene from Plutella xylostella (PxJHE), and found it was differentially expressed in the Bt Cry1Ac resistant and susceptible strains. Suppression of PxJHE expression with RNAi increased the tolerance of P. xylostella to Cry1Ac protoxin. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of PxJHE, two target site prediction algorithms were applied to predict the putative miRNAs targeting PxJHE, and the resulting putative miRNAs were subsequently verified for their function targeting PxJHE using luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. MiR-108 or miR-234 agomir delivery dramatically reduced PxJHE expression in vivo, whilst only miR-108 overexpression consequently increased the tolerance of P. xylostella larvae to Cry1Ac protoxin. By contrast, reduction of miR-108 or miR-234 dramatically increased PxJHE expression, accompanied by the decreased tolerance to Cry1Ac protoxin. Furthermore, injection of miR-108 or miR-234 led to developmental defects in P. xylostella, whilst injection of antagomir did not cause any obvious abnormal phenotypes. Our results indicated that miR-108 or miR-234 can be applied as potential molecular targets to combat P. xylostella and perhaps other lepidopteran pests, providing novel insights into miRNA-based integrated pest management.

To enhance the inferior energy-absorption performance of a hydraulic support during coal mine rock burst, which leads to failure and damage, a framework including a kind of corrugated laminated energy-absorbing component on the top beam of the hydraulic support is developed. First, triangular, trapezoidal and sinusoidal corrugated core energy-absorbing structures are designed, and their mathematical models are established. Second, three kinds of corrugated core components are optimized to obtain the suitable structural parameters, and based on the findings, the energy-absorption characteristic curves of the three kinds of corrugated core components are obtained through a simulation analysis. The results show that the sinusoidal corrugated core exhibits the best energy-absorption effect among the single-layer corrugated components. Among the two-layer and four-layer corrugated core components, the triangular corrugated core arrangement is the optimal arrangement. The energy absorption of the three kinds of corrugated core components is correlated with the delamination. The results of the experiment and simulation are consistent. This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the design of energy-absorbing components for an anti-impact hydraulic support.

Deep-seated mineralization prediction is an important scientific problem in the area of mineral resources exploration. The 3D metallogenic information extraction of geology and geochemistry can be of great help. This study uses 3D modeling technology to intuitively depict the spatial distribution of orebodies, fractures, and intrusive rocks. In particular, the geochemical models of 12 elements are established for geochemical metallogenic information extraction. Subsequently, the front halo element association of As-Sb-Hg, the near-ore halo element association of Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn, and the tail halo element association of W-Mo-Bi are identified. Upon this foundation, the 3D convolutional neural network model is built and used for deep-seated mineralization prediction, which expresses a high performance (AUC = 0.99). Associated with the metallogenic regularity, two mineral exploration targets are delineated, which might be able to serve as beneficial achievements for deep exploration in the Zaozigou gold deposit.

Metal-organic frameworks are promising catalysts for CO2 electroreduction, yet limited by their poor conductivity and stability. Here, Au nanoneedles are inserted into the metalloporphyrin framework to activate C-C coupling and stabilize the structure for much enhanced ethylene production.

Ni-based single-atom catalysis (Ni-SAC) has been experimentally reported with superior performance in reducing CO2 to CO. However, due to the ambiguities in its structures, the active sites of Ni-SAC that are responsible for superior performance have not yet been resolved. This work investigates the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) mechanism on Ni-SAC by carrying out quantum mechanics (QM) simulation to consider both solvation effects. After exploring multiple possible combinations of N, S, and C, we distinguish a Ni-SAC site with two C, one S, and one N, representing the best performance. The predicted formation energy is closely consistent with experimental onset potential. Our prediction also suggests further improvement by finely tuning the electronics state of metal sites by changing the SAC support.

Abstract Background Circular RNA 0029803 (circ_0029803) was found to be upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, but its function and underlying molecular mechanism are not studied in CRC. Methods The expression levels of circ_0029803, microRNA-216b-5p (miR-216b-5p), and ski-oncogene-like (SKIL) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RNase R treatment was used to affirm the existence of circ_0029803. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by colony formation, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays, respectively. A glucose and lactate assay kit was used to detect glucose consumption and lactate production. Western blot was applied to analyze the levels of all proteins. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess the relationship between miR-216b-5p and circ_0029803 or SKIL. Tumor xenograft models were established to elucidate the effect of circ_0029803 in vivo. Results Circ_0029803 expression was enhanced in CRC tissues and cells, and the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with high circ_0029803 expression was substantially reduced. Circ_0029803 depletion retarded proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and glycolysis of CRC cells in vitro as well as the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanically, circ_0029803 could serve as miR-216b-5p sponge to regulate its expression, and miR-216b-5p knockdown reversed the inhibition of si-circ_0029803 on the malignant behaviors of CRC cells. Additionally, as the target mRNA of miR-216b-5p, SKIL could counteract the inhibitory effect of miR-216b-5p on the development of CRC cells. Importantly, silencing circ_0029803 reduced SKIL expression via sponging miR-216b-5p. Conclusion Circ_0029803 knockdown hindered proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and glycolysis and promoted apoptosis in CRC cells by modulating the miR-216b-5p/SKIL axis.

In recent times, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a highly promising modality for diagnosing severe diseases. Its exceptional spatiotemporal resolution and ease of use have established it as an indispensable clinical diagnostic tool. Nevertheless, there are instances where MRI encounters challenges related to low contrast, necessitating the use of contrast agents (CAs). Significant efforts have been made by scientists to enhance the precision of observing diseased body parts by leveraging the synergistic potential of MRI in conjunction with other imaging techniques and thereby modifying the CAs. In this work, our focus is on elucidating the rational designing approach of CAs and optimizing their compatibility for multimodal imaging and other intelligent applications. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating various artificial intelligence tools, such as machine learning and deep learning, to explore the future prospects of disease diagnosis using MRI. We also address the limitations associated with these techniques and propose reasonable remedies, with the aim of advancing MRI as a cutting-edge diagnostic tool for the future.

Extracting good action representations from video frames is an intricate challenge due to the presence of moving objects of various sizes across current action recognition datasets. Most of the current action recognition methodologies have paid scant attention to this characteristic and have relied on deep learning models to automatically solve it. In this paper, we introduce a multi-scale receptive fields convolutional network (MSRFNet), which is fashioned after the pseudo-3D residual network architecture to mitigate the impact of scale variation in moving objects. The crux of MSRFNet is the integration of a multi-scale receptive fields block, which incorporates multiple dilated convolution layers that share identical convolutional parameters, but feature different receptive fields. MSRFNet leverages three scales of receptive fields to extract features from moving objects of diverse sizes, striving to produce scale-specific feature maps with a uniform representational power. Through visualization of the attention of MSRFNet, we analyze how the model re-allocates its attention to moving objects after implementing the multi-scale receptive fields approach. Experimental results on the benchmark dataset demonstrate that MSRFNet achieves improvement of 3.2% on UCF101, improvement of 5.8% on HMDB51, and improvement of 7.7% on Kinetics-400 compared with the baseline. Compared with state-of-the-art techniques, MSRFNet gets comparable or superior results, thereby affirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Abstract Atherosclerosis with unstable plaques is the dominant pathological basis of lethal cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases, which can cause acute death due to the rupture of plaques. Plaque‐targeted drug delivery to achieve promoted treatment remains the main challenge because of the systemic occurrence of atheroma. Herein, a rapamycin (RAP) spherical nucleic acid (SNA) structure, capable of specifically accumulating in plaques for synergistic atherosclerosis treatment is constructed. By designing consecutive phosphorothioate (PS) at 3’ terminus of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand, multiple hydrophobic RAPs are covalently grafted onto the PS segment to form an amphiphilic drug‐grafted DNA (RAP‐DNA), which successively self‐assembles into micellar SNA (RAP‐SNA). Moreover, the phosphodiester‐DNA segment constitutes the outer shell of RAP‐SNA, enabling further hybridization with functional siRNA (targeting lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1, LOX‐1) to obtain the drug codelivered SNA (LOX‐1/RAP‐SNA). With two active ingredients inside, LOX‐1/RAP‐SNA can not only induce robust autophagy and decrease the evil apoptosis of the pathological macrophages, but also simultaneously prohibit the LOX‐1‐mediated formation of damageable foam cells, realizing the effect of synergistic therapy. As a result, the LOX‐1/RAP‐SNA significantly reduces the progression of atheroma and stabilizes the plaques, providing a new strategy for synergistically targeted atherosclerosis treatment.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. By analyzing 532 genomes from 114 populations around the world, the authors find evidence supporting a South American origin of this moth, and look for signatures of positive selection.

Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of important plant hormones mainly regulating plant architecture such as branching, which is crucial for crop yield. It is valuable to study SL signaling pathway and its physiological function in sugarcane, the most important sugar crop, for further molecular breeding. Here, two putative SL receptors SsD14a/b and the interacting F-box protein SsMAX2 were identified in Saccharum spontaneum. SL induced both SsD14a and SsD14b to interact with SsMAX2 in yeast. SsD14a, but not SsD14b, could bind with AtMAX2 and AtSMXL7/SsSMXL7. Overexpression of SsD14a or SsMAX2 rescued the increased branching phenotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana d14-1 or max2-3 mutants, respectively. Moreover, the crystal structure of N-terminal truncated SsD14a was solved, with an overall structure identical to AtD14 and OsD14 in the open state, consistent with its conserved branching suppression capacity in Arabidopsis. In line with the biochemical observations, SsD14b could not completely complement in d14-1 although these two SsD14 proteins have almost identical primary sequences except for very few residues. Complement with the combination of SsD14b and SsMAX2 still failed to rescue the d14-1 max2-3 double mutant multi-branching phenotype, indicating SsD14b–AtSMXL7 complex formation is required for regulating branching. Mutagenesis analyses revealed that residue R310 at α10 helix of SsD14a was crucial for the binding with SsSMXL7/AtSMXL7 but not SsMAX2. The site-equivalent single-residue P304R substitution enabled SsD14b to bind with AtMAX2 and AtSMXL7/SsSMXL7 and to rescue the phenotype of d14-1 max2-3 together with SsMAX2. Moreover, this conserved Arg residue across species including rice and Arabidopsis determined the activity of SL receptors through maintaining their interaction with SMXL repressors. Taken together, our work identified conserved and divergent strigolactone receptors in sugarcane core SL signaling pathway and revealed a key residue crucial for plant branching control.

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, one of the most destructive lepidopteran pests worldwide, has developed field resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins. Although miRNAs have been reported to be involved in insect resistance to multiple insecticides, our understanding of their roles in mediating Bt resistance is limited. In this study, we constructed small RNA libraries from midguts of the Cry1Ac-resistant (Cry1S1000) strain and the Cry1Ac-susceptible strain (G88) using a high-throughput sequencing analysis. A total of 437 (76 known and 361 novel miRNAs) were identified, among which 178 miRNAs were classified into 91 miRNA families. Transcripts per million analysis revealed 12 differentially expressed miRNAs between the Cry1S1000 and G88 strains. Specifically, nine miRNAs were down-regulated and three up-regulated in the Cry1S1000 strain compared to the G88 strain. Next, we predicted the potential target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs and carried out GO and KEGG pathway analyses. We found that the cellular process, metabolism process, membrane and the catalytic activity were the most enriched GO terms and the Hippo, MAPK signaling pathway might be involved in Bt resistance of DBM. In addition, the expression patterns of these miRNAs and their target genes were determined by RT-qPCR, showing that partial miRNAs negatively while others positively correlate with their corresponding target genes. Subsequently, novel-miR-240, one of the differentially expressed miRNAs with inverse correlation with its target genes, was confirmed to interact with Px017590 and Px007885 using dual luciferase reporter assays. Our study highlights the characteristics of differentially expressed miRNAs in midguts of the Cry1S1000 and G88 strains, paving the way for further investigation of miRNA roles in mediating Bt resistance.

This paper focuses on researching the scientific problem of deep extraction and inference of favorable geological and geochemical information about mineralization at depth, based on which a deep mineral resources prediction model is established and machine learning approaches are used to carry out deep quantitative mineral resources prediction. The main contents include: (i) discussing the method of 3D geochemical anomaly extraction under the multi-fractal content-volume (C-V) models, extracting the 12 element anomalies and constructing a 3D geochemical anomaly data volume model for laying the data foundation for researching geochemical element distribution and association; (ii) extracting the element association characteristics of primary geochemical halos and inferring deep metallogenic factors based on compositional data analysis (CoDA), including quantitatively extracting the geochemical element associations corresponding to ore-bearing structures (Sb-Hg) based on a data-driven CoDA framework, quantitatively identifying the front halo element association (As-Sb-Hg), near-ore halo element association (Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn) and tail halo element association (W-Mo-Co-Bi), which provide quantitative indicators for the primary haloes’ structural analysis at depth; (iii) establishing a deep geological and geochemical mineral resources prediction model, which is constructed by five quantitative mineralization indicators as input variables: fracture buffer zone, element association (Sb-Hg) of ore-bearing structures, metallogenic element Au anomaly, near-ore halo element association Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn and the ratio of front halo to tail halo (As-Sb-Hg)/(W-Mo-Bi); and (iv) three-dimensional MPM based on the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and delineating exploration targets at depth. The results show that the C-V model can identify the geological element distribution and the CoDA method can extract geochemical element associations in 3D space reliably, and the machine learning methods of MaxEnt and GMM have high performance in 3D MPM.

This paper focuses on the scientific problem of quantitative mineralization prediction at large depth in the Zaozigou gold deposit, west Qinling, China. Five geological and geochemical indicators are used to establish geological and geochemical quantitative prediction model. Machine learning and Deep learning algorithms are employed for 3D Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM). Especially, the Student Teacher Ore-induced Anomaly Detection (STOAD) model is proposed based on the knowledge distillation (KD) idea combined with Deep Auto-encoder (DAE) network model. Compared to DAE, STOAD uses three outputs for anomaly detection and can make full use of information from multiple levels of data for greater overall robustness. The results show that the quantitative mineral resources prediction by applying the STOAD model has a good performance, where the value of Area Under Curve (AUC) is 0.97. Finally, three main mineral exploration targets are delineated for further investigation.

Coccinella septempunctata is a nontarget beneficial arthropod and an important aphid predator in agricultural crops. In this study, the toxic effects of the neonicotinoid acetamiprid on C. septempunctata were investigated to determine its applicability and efficacy against the aphid predator. The results of the toxicity test showed that the second instar larvae of C. septempunctata were the most sensitive to acetamiprid. The LC50 values of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae were 15.767, 9.412, 18.850, and 25.278 mg a.i. L−1, respectively. Compared with that of the control, the predation ability of different larval instars was inhibited by sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid. The results of the predatory function test showed that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid could reduce the consumption of aphids by fourth instar C. septempunctata larvae over a short duration and significantly inhibited the predatory ability of ladybird larvae. The results of the developmental test showed that sublethal concentration of acetamiprid shortened the growth duration of C. septempunctata larvae. Acetamiprid had considerable adverse effects on the different developmental stages of C. septempunctata. Together, our results provide information for implementation in biological and chemical control strategies for the integrated management of aphids.

Considering that the trajectory of the cutting head of the longitudinal axis roadheader directly affects the surface morphology of the roadway, the formation mechanism of the outer profile of the roadway obtained by the cutting head is analyzed, and the dynamic model of the cutting part was constructed. The variation law of the vibration swing angle of the cutting head under different working conditions was obtained, and the coordinate of the cutting head of the roadheader in the roadway space coordinate system was determined by using the robot kinematics analysis method. The mathematical model of cutting the outer outline of the roadway by the cutting head is constructed. Through the numerical calculation and analysis, the characteristics of the formed outer profile of the roadway were analyzed considering the influence of the vibration of the cutting head. The results show that the difference between the “pit” and the “peak ridge” obtained by considering the vibration of the cutting head is larger than that without considering the vibration of the cutting head, which shows that the outer outline of the roadway obtained by the real cutting is more rougher than that without considering the vibration of the cutting head. With the increase of the cutting lifting angle, the maximum and average value of the difference between the “pit” and the uplift “peak ridge” on the coal and rock shows an increasing trend, and with the increase of the cylinder pressure, the maximum values of the horizontal swing angle “pit” and the uplift “peak ridge” gradually increase. The vibration of the cutting head when cutting coal and rock will have a great influence on the outer profile of the roadway, which cannot be ignored in the research of accurate autonomous cutting control algorithm of roadheader. The research results of this paper can provide a basis for the optimization of cutting parameters and high-precision forming control method of roadheader.

Clustering is an efficient way to analyze single-cell RNA sequencing data. It is commonly used to identify cell types, which can help in understanding cell differentiation processes. However, different clustering results can be obtained from different single-cell clustering methods, sometimes including conflicting conclusions, and biologists will often fail to get the right clustering results and interpret the biological significance. The cluster ensemble strategy can be an effective solution for the problem. As the graph partitioning-based clustering methods are good at clustering single-cell, we developed Sc-GPE, a novel cluster ensemble method combining five single-cell graph partitioning-based clustering methods. The five methods are SNN-cliq, PhenoGraph, SC3, SSNN-Louvain, and MPGS-Louvain. In Sc-GPE, a consensus matrix is constructed based on the five clustering solutions by calculating the probability that the cell pairs are divided into the same cluster. It solved the problem in the hypergraph-based ensemble approach, including the different cluster labels that were assigned in the individual clustering method, and it was difficult to find the corresponding cluster labels across all methods. Then, to distinguish the different importance of each method in a clustering ensemble, a weighted consensus matrix was constructed by designing an importance score strategy. Finally, hierarchical clustering was performed on the weighted consensus matrix to cluster cells. To evaluate the performance, we compared Sc-GPE with the individual clustering methods and the state-of-the-art SAME-clustering on 12 single-cell RNA-seq datasets. The results show that Sc-GPE obtained the best average performance, and achieved the highest NMI and ARI value in five datasets.

Abstract Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) provides great potential for the realization of efficient and stable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, it is still challenging for blue TADF emitters to simultaneously achieve high efficiency, high brightness, and low Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) y coordinate (CIEy) value. Here, the design and synthesis of two new benzonitrile‐based TADF emitters (namely 2,6‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐3,5‐bis(3,6‐diphenyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)benzonitrile (2PhCz2CzBn) and 2,6‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐3,5‐bis(3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)benzonitrile (2tCz2CzBn)) with a symmetrical and rigid heterodonor configuration are reported. The TADF OLEDs doped with both the emitters can achieve a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 20% and narrowband blue emission of 464 nm with a CIEy < 0.2. Moreover, the incorporation of a terminal tert‐butyl group can weaken the intermolecular π–π stacking in the nondoped TADF emitter, and thus significantly suppress self‐aggregation‐caused emission quenching for enhanced delayed fluorescence. A peak EQE of 21.6% is realized in the 2tCz2CzBn‐based nondoped device with an extremely low turn‐on voltage of 2.7 V, high color stability, a high brightness over 20 000 cd m−2, a narrow full‐width at half‐maximum of 70 nm, and CIE color coordinates of (0.167, 0.248).

Polyhydroxy stilbenes have been reported to possess various biological activities and have potential for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside is one of the major polyhydroxy stilbenes, which provides the underlying therapeutic activities for neuroprotective actions in various experimental conditions. This study investigates the impact of a tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside remedy for cognitive disorder and oxidative stress in Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease mice and clarifies the mechanisms of action through the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with conserved non-coding homology-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor pathway. It was found that the swimming time of Aβ1-42-induced mice treated with tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) was significantly increased in the target quadrant of a Morris water maze experiment and the number of avoidances was increased during a passive avoidance experiment, Moreover, tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside attenuated Aβ1-42-induced memory impairment. However, the locomotor and exploratory activity of mice were not affected. Tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside clearly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione in both hippocampus and cortex compared with the Aβ1-42-treated group, and also clearly increased the level of glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in those tissues. The results of this study demonstrated that tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression and decreased Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with conserved non-coding homology-associated protein 1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner in Aβ1-42-treated mice, which involved the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with conserved non-coding homology-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor antioxidant pathway in hippocampus and cerebral cortex tissue. These results demonstrate that tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside as a natural drug that may provide a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

The effect of cathode type on contaminant removal efficiency and electricity production in disposing leachate was investigated in a self-assembled microbial fuel cell (MFC). When the landfill leachate was treated with the chemical-cathode MFC (CMFC) and aerobic bio-cathode MFC (ABMFC), the maximum output voltages were 699.0 mV and 459.4 mV, the maximum output powers were 197.7 mW m−3 and 147.6 mW m−3, and the internal resistances were 900 Ω and 700 Ω, respectively. After running the MFCs for 45 days, the COD removal ratios of CMFC and ABMFC were 56.5 % and 64.3 %, the Coulombic efficiencies were 14.3 % and 17.1 %, and the ammonia nitrogen removal ratios were 53.8 % and 58.1 %, respectively.