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The effect of genetic crossing and nutritional management on weight gain and the concentration of minerals and trace elements in the carcass, blood, leather, and viscera of sheep were evaluated. Several statistical strategies were used to evaluate the different elemental composition characteristics of pure breed animals, i.e., White Dorper (ODO), Ile de France (OIF), Texel (OTX), and Santa Ines (OSI), as well as their crossbreeds 1/2 White Dorper and 1/2 Santa Ines (ODS), 1/2 Ile de France, and 1/2 Santa Ines (OIS), 1/2 Texel × 1/2 Santa Ines (OTS). Three different diets were evaluated AL (ad libitum), R75, and R63 (75 and 63 g of dry matter/kg of the animal metabolic weight, respectively). Levels of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The concentration of inorganic elements in the different body components was not affected by the diet (P > 0.05), and OTX and OTS were the breeds with the highest weight gain. Random forest importance models demonstrated that Zn in the carcass, K, Ca, and Zn in blood, and K in leather are most associated with separating the different evaluated sheep’s breeds. Crossbreeding the native Santa Ines breed with sheep of exotic breeds produces animals well adapted to confinement.

The dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) was evaluated as a strategy to improve the MIP OES sensitivity for molybdenum determination in lamb meat. Initially, the dispersive (methanol) and extracting (tetrachloromethane) solvents were selected based on a mixture design. The best results were achieved with methanol and carbon tetrachloride as dispersive and extracting solvent, respectively. The operational parameters, such as pH, volume of dispersive and extractant solvents, and complexing agent concentration (8-hydroxyquinoline) were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimal conditions were established as pH 3.8, 90 μL of carbon tetrachloride, 480 μL of methanol, and 1.09 mmol L-1 of 8-hydroxyquinoline. Besides, the use of external gas module control (EGCM) was explored to minimize the matrix effects caused by the organic solvent introduction. The accuracy of the proposed method was estimated employing a certificate reference material (bovine liver, NIST 1577c) and the obtained recovery was 92%. The limit of detection was found to be 0.20 μg g-1, and the enrichment factor was 4.5. The DLLME-MIP OES was applied for six samples of lamb meat, and the results compared to ICP-MS presented no statistical difference. Therefore, the proposed method showed satisfactory accuracy and suitable sensitivity.

A bioaccessibility test with raw and cooked lamb meat samples was performed. The evaluated cooking devices were grill, microwave oven, air fryer, pressure cooker, and electric oven. Physicochemical parameters and the total mass fraction of Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn were determined in raw and cooked samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The trueness was evaluated using certified reference materials, with recoveries from 87 to 101%. The pressure cooking presented the major changes, including the highest values of internal temperature, loss of inorganic elements after cooking, and the lowest values of moisture and analyte mass fractions. An in vitro gastrointestinal simulation was performed, and the method was validated by an addition and recovery test, in which the trueness varied from 87 to 115%. The bioaccessibility ranged between 28-56, 4-19, 68-76, 41-54, 48-57, and 1-21% for Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, and Zn, respectively. The cooking methods promoted changes in the meat samples, thus affecting the bioaccessibility of the nutrients. Based on the recommended dietary intake (RDI) calculation, lamb meat can be considered a good Fe, P, and Zn source. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-08T18:00:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BioaccessibilityAssessmentCu.pdf: 346951 bytes, checksum: 197879e3d059b2401fc4e6264b3ea5f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A new procedure for the determination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in fish and meat (bovine and ovine) samples by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) was developed. The procedure is based on separation and preconcentration of analytes by solid-phase extraction (SPE), composed from the functionalization of silica with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA-MCM-41). Factors that directly affect the SPE procedure as pH, buffer concentration, sample flow, and elution flow were evaluated through a factorial design (24). The optimized conditions employed at the proposed procedure were as follows: pH 9.5, 0.01 mol L−1 borate buffer concentration, sampling, and 6.0 mL min−1 of elution flow. Linear models were treated regarding the weighted regression, an optional strategy of the equipment, the weighted fit. The proposed procedure provides limits of quantification (LOQ) of 9.6, 2.8, 0.1, 0.2, 1.5, 13.3, and 3.9 μg g−1 for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Accuracy was assessed from the analysis of the certified reference materials (CRM) of dogfish liver (DOLT-5, NRC) and bovine liver (1577c, NIST), and a reference material of bovine liver (RM-Agro E3001a, EMBRAPA). The procedure was applied in local market meats (bovine and ovine) and fish (tilapia) samples, and it showed adequate for the determination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn by MIP OES.

The effect of genetic crossing and nutritional management on weight gain and the concentration of minerals and trace elements in the carcass, blood, leather, and viscera of sheep were evaluated. Several statistical strategies were used to evaluate the different elemental composition characteristics of pure breed animals, i.e., White Dorper (ODO), Ile de France (OIF), Texel (OTX), and Santa Inês (OSI), as well as their crossbreeds 1/2 White Dorper and 1/2 Santa Inês (ODS), 1/2 Ile de France, and 1/2 Santa Inês (OIS), 1/2 Texel × 1/2 Santa Inês (OTS). Three different diets were evaluated AL (ad libitum), R75, and R63 (75 and 63 g of dry matter/kg of the animal metabolic weight, respectively). Levels of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The concentration of inorganic elements in the different body components was not affected by the diet (P 0.05), and OTX and OTS were the breeds with the highest weight gain. Random forest importance models demonstrated that Zn in the carcass, K, Ca, and Zn in blood, and K in leather are most associated with separating the different evaluated sheep's breeds. Crossbreeding the native Santa Inês breed with sheep of exotic breeds produces animals well adapted to confinement.

This study aims to establish strategies for phosphorus determination in the lipid fraction of meat by the microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES) technique. Phospholipids were extracted using a mixture of chloroform and methanol followed by simple dilution of the lipid extract in methanol. Due to the instrumental fluctuations caused by the introduction of organic solvents, the use of internal standards (Te and Co) and naturally occurring molecular species (OH and N2+) was evaluated for signal correction. Moreover, an external gas control module (EGCM) was applied to allow carbon decomposition and to minimize the matrix effects. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by comparing the obtained values with the results obtained by ion chromatography. The use of Te as an internal standard proved to be adequate, presenting results with approximately 95% recovery. For the molecular species, two data treatments were employed, A × M and A/M, where A and M correspond to the analyte and the molecular species signals, respectively. The procedure using OH combined with the A × M treatment was shown to be more suitable for this analysis. In this circumstance, the recovery was equal to 94%. Hence, the results obtained with signal correction were more accurate compared to the external calibration results. Limits of detection when Te and OH were employed were found to be 25 mg kg−1 and 27 mg kg−1, respectively. The use of MIP OES along with signal correction and the employment of the EGCM presented satisfactory sensitivity and analytical performance. Besides, the application of these molecular species is more useful than the traditional methods because it is not necessary to prepare additional solutions.

The new interest in high frequency applications such as 5G and mmWaves have increased the design requirement for the integrated circuits, specifically for the signal generation and base-band processing stages. The Rotary Traveling Wave Oscillator (RTWO) has been proposed not only as clock distribution network when is used in arrays (ROAs), but also for high data rate applications and communication systems. The RTWO has two ring-shaped differential transmission lines as resonator and this resonator ring cannot be built with a constant characteristic impedance due to the characteristics of the CMOS manufacturing processes. The most complex discontinuity of the RTWO resonator is the Mobius connection; this discontinuity is generally manufactured using angles of 90° or 45°, different metal levels and stacks of intermetallic connections (vias). In this work we analyze and model the 45° Mobius connection for different geometrical configurations and technologies. The results show that the Mobius connection commonly implemented using the last two top metal levels is not the optimal and by using a lower metal layer is possible to select the optimal cross-connection in this type of oscillators.

In this article, a new method to extract the RLC parameters from the structure of a Rotating Traveling Wave Oscillator (RTWO) is described. The use of a 3D simulator (EMPRO) allow us to develop a precise analysis of the impact of the topology, the geometrical discontinuities, and the dimensions of the transmission lines, on the performance parameters of the RTWO, i.e. frequency of oscillation and power consumption. The results show that a right angle discontinuity compensation can reduce the power consumption up to 3.34% and, for RTWOs with a frequency range between 11.4 GHz and 11.5 GHZ, narrow transmission lines (as the technology is able) can reduce the power consumption up to 98%. Additionally, it was observed that the topology used affects the performance parameters, as there are more folds and overlaps between metal levels in the RTWO structure, and the frequency increases by 2.9% while the power consumption increases by 10.52%.

The multi-energy calibration (MEC) was evaluated for the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, and Zn in meat samples by inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP OES). This calibration method consists of using only two calibration standards and several atomic and ionic emission wavelengths with different sensitivities to determine the analyte concentration in the sample. Both calibration mixtures are prepared using the same amount of sample, which contributes to minimize matrix effects. The accuracy was evaluated using two certified reference materials, bovine liver (SRM 1577c) and bovine muscle (SRM 8414), with recoveries within 87-107% range. The method was applied for the determination of the analytes in meats of chicken, sheep loin, sheep carcass and bovine, and prove to be usable in samples with different characteristics Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-24T01:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 20190070ARBrazWoman.pdf: 256150 bytes, checksum: 15bd48a6a678acd578d26d4ae4f560bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

El texto presenta un análisis sobre los cambios en las formas de lo político en escuelas secundarias argentinas. Los autores emplean los conceptos de cultura política, posiciones docentes y actores plurales para rastrear expresiones y articulaciones en la esfera pública que combinan elementos de tradiciones políticas con otros apropiados y creados por las nuevas generaciones, en interacción con el mundo adulto y las transformaciones sociopolíticas del país. Se retoman datos de investigaciones cualitativas de 2004, 2006, 2009 y 2011 en diálogo con publicaciones recientes, para cuestionar lugares comunes acerca de lo político en la escuela, tales como las supuestas entradas y salidas automáticas de los jóvenes en la política, e identificar dinámicas subyacentes a formas políticas inéditas que muchas veces escapan a la mirada de los investigadores.AbstractThis text presents an analysis of the changes political traditions in Argentine secondary schools during the last eleven years. The authors utilize concepts of political culture, teacher positions, and plural actors to trace expressions and articulations in the public sphere that combine elements of political traditions with others that have been appropriated and created by new generations interacting with the adult world and sociopolitical transformations in the country. The article uses qualitative research in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 in dialogue with recent publications in order to question commonplace claims about politics in school, such as the supposed automatic entry and exit of students in politics, and to identify underlying dynamics of new political forms that often escape researches’ attention.Recibido: 21 de enero de 2016Aceptado: 12 de septiembre de 2016

The choice of an adequate nebulizer reflects directly in the accuracy, especially when a complex matrix is analyzed in plasma techniques. To unveil the effects on fundamental parameters and analytical performance of a microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry, four commercial nebulizers, Concentric, Mira Mist, OneNeb series 1, and OneNeb series 2, were evaluated. Estimated fundamental plasma parameters, excitation temperature (T), and the number of electron density (ne) indicated that the Mira Mist nebulizer afforded a plasma with the highest T and ne, but the lowest solvent transport efficiency. OneNeb series 2 showed the lowest T and ne, nonetheless the highest solvent transport efficiency. The precision was estimated in the middle of nitric acid (1% v v-1), sulfuric acid (1% v v-1), easily ionizable elements (100 mg L-1 of Ba, K, and Na), ethanol (1% v v-1), and carbon content (1000 mg L-1). The OneNeb series 2 presented the lowest RSD and LOD values in all matrices, while the concentric presented the highest RSD. The accuracy was evaluated by certified reference materials and addition and recovery experiments performed in sugarcane spirit. Considering the sensitivity improvement, solvent transport efficiency and analytical precision the OneNeb series 2 achieved superior performance.

The multi-isotope calibration (MICal) is a fast and accurate calibration strategy for multi-elemental determination that uses only two solutions, (1) 50% (v v−1) sample plus 50% (v v−1) analytical blank solution, and (2) 50% (v v−1) sample plus 50% (v v−1) standard solution (containing the analytes). The calibration curves were built as a function of the intensity signals of solution 1 (y-axis) versus solution 2 (x-axis), employing the various isotopes of each monitored mass/charge. The concentration of the analytes was calculated from the slope and the concentrations of the standards added to solution 2. The validation of the method was evaluated using standard reference materials of bovine liver and bovine muscle. The recoveries varied from 87 to 113% for MICal, which were similar to the conventional standard additions calibration procedure (83 to 120%).

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease in the adult, predominates in the pediatric age and is more common in men than in women. The sites of greater affection are the long bones, followed by the bones of the skull. Patients usually have symptoms related to the site of affection, usually polyostotic lesions, monostotic lesions occur less frequently. The study of choice and treatment depends on the site affected, in the skull the main one is the magnetic resonance and the treatment is the surgical excision of the lesion.A 29-year-old female patient who entered the hospital due to a non-painful, rapidly growing, progressive tumor on the frontal region of the skull. Physical examination revealed a rounded mass of approximately 5 cm in diameter in the left, non-painful, non-painful, left-frontoparietal region. Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull showed a lytic lesion in the frontal bone. It was surgically excised with clean edges; titanium plate was placed. Histopathological diagnosis was histiocytosis of Langerhans cells.It is a rare case, with a patient of an uncommon age of presentation, absence of metastasis by means of study protocol and due to the monostotic presentation improves the prognosis for this patient.la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una enfermedad rara en el adulto, que predomina en la edad pediátrica, y es más común en los hombres que en las mujeres. Los sitios de mayor afectación son los huesos largos, seguidos de los huesos del cráneo. Suele cursar con sintomatología relacionada con el sitio de afectación. Por lo general son lesiones poliostóticas; las lesiones monostóticas se presentan con menor frecuencia. El estudio de elección y el tratamiento dependen del sitio afectado; en el cráneo, el principal es la resonancia magnética, y el tratamiento es la escisión quirúrgica de la lesión.Mujer de 29 años que ingresó al hospital debido a una tumoración no dolorosa de crecimiento rápido y progresivo sobre la región frontal del cráneo. A la exploración física se observó una masa redondeada, de aproximadamente 5 cm de diámetro, en la región frontoparietal izquierda, no dolorosa, de consistencia blanda, no móvil. La resonancia magnética de cráneo mostró una lesión lítica en el hueso frontal. Se extirpó quirúrgicamente con bordes limpios y se colocó una malla de titanio. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans.Se trata de un caso poco frecuente, en una paciente de una edad no común de presentación, con ausencia de metástasis por medio de protocolo de estudio, y debido a la presentación monostótica mejora el pronóstico para esta paciente.

In this work, a simple electric circuit model for the evaluation of the impact of vias (inter-metallic vertical connections) in resonant rotary traveling wave oscillator (RTWO) is proposed. A test structure was designed to quantify the degradation on the signal integrity of RTWOs caused by these vias. The test structure and the RTWO were designed according to the rules of the 130 nm commercial mixed mode, Single-Poly 8-Metal (1P8M), P-substrate, RFCMOS technology. The vias test structure consist of vertical inter-metallic connections and respective metallic pads. According to the used technology, the test structure was implemented using copper for all the metals layers. Simulations were performed using advanced tools: a 3D electromagnetic simulator (EMpro) for the extraction of the electrical properties of the test structure, HSPICE for electrical simulation and Mentor Graphics IC Studio for the geometric pattern (layout) design of the test structure. Finally, a 26.87 GHz RTWO was designed to quantify the performance of the oscillator under the effect of the vias.

In this paper, the effects of geometrical discontinuities and topological structure on Rotary Travelling Wave Oscillators (RTWO) are studied. Using the 3D electromagnetic simulator EMPro Simulation Software Design Platform, we have found that reducing the corner discontinuities can increase the oscillation frequency up to 3.34%. Additionally, we observed that the topological structure of the RTWO affects also the different performance parameters, since as more folds and overlaps between metallic levels present the structure, the oscillation frequency is reduced and the power consumption of the RTWO resonator is increased.

This article examines what has happened in Argentinian schools with the implementation of school celebrations regarding the last dictatorship, and their role in the process of creating a memory for the youngsters. Based on field research material collected from two public high schools in the city of Buenos Aires, the present paper demonstrated that a significant part of the celebrations regarding the dictatorship reproduce old premises of the school culture, which limits the creative transmission of memory, but still leaves marks on the newer generations. The article begins with a theoretical review based on the ideas of F. Dubet and on previous works about school celebrations and Argentine’s educational history. In the sequence, it presents an analysis of a particular celebration and interviews with teachers and students. Finally, it highlights the dilemmas that create links between memory transmission and the questioning of school practices in the contemporary world.

Dispersion effects induce new instabilities and dynamics in the weakly nonlinear description of light propagation in fiber Bragg gratings. A new family of dispersive localized pulses that propagate with the group velocity is numerically found, and its stability is also analyzed. The unavoidable different asymptotic order of transport and dispersion effects plays a crucial role in the determination of these localized states. These results are also interesting from the point of view of general pattern formation since this asymptotic imbalance is a generic situation in any transport-dominated (i.e., nonzero group velocity) spatially extended system.

We prove existence of upper and lower solutions in reverse order with respect a part of the variables in a system of nonlinear ordinary di erential equations modelling acidogenesis in anaerobic digestion. The corresponding existence theorems are established. The upper and lower solutions are constructed analytically, by de ning semi-trivial solutions for each of the variables in the model. We introduce the concept of indicator semi-trivial solutions. Finally, we numerically solve the system supported by the Matlab software and matching the graphs of the numerical solutions with analytical solutions is found. Доказано существование верхних и нижних решений в относительно части переменных в системе нелинейных обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, моделирующих ацидогенез в анаэробном сбраживании в задаче метанообразования. Верхние и нижние решения строятся аналитически, и установлены соответствующие теоремы существования. M.M. Higuera, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Research Group Naturatu, University of Ibague, Ibague-Tolima, Colombia; Faculty of Mathematics, University of Veracruz, Mexico, maximiliano.machado@unibague.edu.co, A.V. Sinitsyn, Department of Mathematics, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, avsinitsyn@yahoo.com Максимильяно Изеэрра, аспирант школы «Математика:», Университет Веракрузана (г. Веракрузана, Мексика), maximiliano.machado@unibague.edu.со. Александр Синицын, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор факультета «Математика:», Национальный университета Боготы, (г. Богота, Колумбия), avsinitsyn@yahoo.com.

Faraday waves are described, under appropriate conditions, by a damped nonlocal parametrically driven nonlinear Schrodinger equation. As the strength of the applied forcing increases this equation undergoes a sequence of transitions to chaotic dynamics. The origin of these transitions is explained using a careful study of a two-mode Galerkin truncation and linked to the presence of heteroclinic connections between the trivial state and spatially periodic standing waves. These connections are associated with cascades of gluing and symmetry-switching bifurcations; such bifurcations are located in the partial differential equations as well.

Introduction: Molecular heterogeneity occurs in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its implications in clinical decision-making are unknown. The clonal evolution model explains that trunk alterations arise at early stages and are shared by all malignant cells, whereas branch alterations occur in subclonal tumoral cells. We aim to characterize the genomic landscape of HCC through the identification of trunk driver alterations and the study of its distribution in intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Methods: 153 HCC samples representing the multiple steps of hepatocarcinogenesis were analyzed by deep targeted-sequencing covering exonic and promoter regions of the most frequently mutated drivers in HCC. Genes mutated in early lesions [39 dysplastic nodules and 54 early HCCs (eHCC) defined as 4cm (2-3 regions/tumor); and 2) inter-tumor heterogeneity cohort: 39 tumors from 17 patients with multinodular lesions (2-3 nodules/patient). Transcriptome and copy-number variations (CNVs) were analyzed using expression and SNP arrays, respectively. Results: A total of 46 mutations were identified in the cohort of early lesions. Average number of mutations and CNV aberrations were higher in eHCCs than in dysplastic nodules [1.1 vs 0.5, mutations/patient (p=0.03), and 8% vs 0.6% of aberrant chromosomal arms (p Conclusions: TERT, TP53 and CTNNB1 are trunk drivers mutated in early HCC tumors that remained as trunk aberrations across different regions of the same tumor and between primary and metastatic nodules. These mutations are early trunk drivers that can be captured with single biopsies and could represent ideal therapeutic targets in the future. Citation Format: Sara Torrecilla, Daniela Sia, Andrew N. Harrington, Zhongyang Zhang, Genis Camprecios, Agrin Moeini, Toffanin Sara, Isabel Fiel, Ke Hao, Monica Higuera, Laia Cabellos, Helena Cornella, Milind Mahajan, Yujin Hoshida, Augusto Villanueva, Sander Florman, Myron Schwartz, Josep Llovet. Characterization of molecular heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma: Trunk and branch drivers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3944. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3944

Summary One approach into the lipid requirements and the quality evaluation of the sturgeon Acipenser naccarii is the study of the fatty acid composition of lipids in several tissues. Four different ages of this new target species for freshwater culture were sampled from a fish farm. Oleic and palmitic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in all age groups and tissues sampled. High quantities of 16:ln7, 20:ln9, 22:ln9, 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 were also detected. The overall pattern closely resembles that of other freshwater fish species. No important differences were found in muscle age. The high lipid level and the relatively high proportion of HUFAn3 fatty acids renders this species as a highly desirable food for human consumption.

Bluetongue virus is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Culicoides associated with livestock were captured using CDC blacklight traps at three BTV-infected farms in Basque Country between November 2007 and December 2008. Twenty-seven and nineteen Culicoides species were collected in outdoor and indoor habitats respectively. Indoor insect community represented 86.1% of the whole captured individual biting midges. Culicoides obsoletus / Culicoides scoticus (two sibling species of the Obsoletus complex) were dominant throughout all months and sexes with maximum phenological peaks in November 2007 and June–July 2008. Culicoides lupicaris was the second most dominant species followed by Culicoides pulicaris (both species of the Pulicaris complex). Few specimens of Culicoides imicola , the principal Afro-Mediterranean vector of BTV, as well as four new species recorded for the Iberian Peninsula, were also collected. BTV was detected by RT-PCR from pools of C. obsoletus / C. scoticus , C. lupicaris and C. pulicaris parous females. dl -Lactic acid significantly attracted more C. obsoletus / C. scoticus females and males, C. lupicaris females, C. pulicaris females and Culicoides punctatus females and males; whereas acetone increased only the captures of Culicoides achrayi .

This article examines what has happened in Argentinian schools with the implementation of school celebrations regarding the last dictatorship, and their role in the process of creating a memory for the youngsters. Based on field research material collected from two public high schools in the city of Buenos Aires, the present paper demonstrated that a significant part of the celebrations regarding the dictatorship reproduce old premises of the school culture, which limits the creative transmission of memory, but still leaves marks on the newer generations. The article begins with a theoretical review based on the ideas of F. Dubet and on previous works about school celebrations and Argentine’s educational history. In the sequence, it presents an analysis of a particular celebration and interviews with teachers and students. Finally, it highlights the dilemmas that create links between memory transmission and the questioning of school practices in the contemporary world. Keywords: School rituals. Memory. City of Buenos Aires. School Ethnography. El articulo analiza qué ocurre en las escuelas argentinas con la implementación de los actos escolares sobre la última dictadura y cuál es su papel en el proceso de construcción de la memoria de los jóvenes. Con base en material de campo recolectado en dos secundarias públicas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, el articulo muestra que gran parte de los actos sobre la dictadura reproducen viejas premisas de la cultura escolar, lo cual limita la transmisión creativa de la memoria aunque no impide que deje “marcas” en las nuevas generaciones. El documento inicia con una síntesis teórica basada en ideas de F. Dubet y trabajos acerca de actos escolares e historia de la educación argentina, luego presenta el análisis de un acto y entrevistas a docentes y alumnos. Finalmente, subraya los dilemas que genera la articulación entre la transmisión de la memoria y el cuestionamiento que enfrentan las prácticas escolares en el mundo contemporáneo. Palabras-clave: Rituales escolares. Memoria. Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Etnografía escolar. El articulo analiza qué ocurre en las escuelas argentinas con la implementación de los actos escolares sobre la última dictadura y cuál es su papel en el proceso de construcción de la memoria de los jóvenes. Con base en material de campo recolectado en dos secundarias públicas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, el articulo muestra que gran parte de los actos sobre la dictadura reproducen viejas premisas de la cultura escolar, lo cual limita la transmisión creativa de la memoria aunque no impide que deje “marcas” en las nuevas generaciones. El documento inicia con una síntesis teórica basada en ideas de F. Dubet y trabajos acerca de actos escolares e historia de la educación argentina, luego presenta el análisis de un acto y entrevistas a docentes y alumnos. Finalmente, subraya los dilemas que genera la articulación entre la transmisión de la memoria y el cuestionamiento que enfrentan las prácticas escolares en el mundo contemporáneo. Palabras-clave: Rituales escolares. Memoria. Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Etnografía escolar.

En este texto planteo una reflexion sobre el lugar de la escuela en el proceso de construccion de las representaciones de los jovenes sobre la ultima dictadura argentina. Con base en un trabajo de campo realizado en dos instituciones publicas de sectores medios de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, muestro que la mayoria de los jovenes trae un saber a la escuela que ha interiorizado de manera asistematica y dispersa en diferentes ambitos de socializacion. Este saber, que puede definirse como un sentido comun, establece una certeza sobre un momento del pasado en el que las fuerzas de seguridad estatales persiguieron a la poblacion. A manera de hipotesis, senalo que los significados asociados al sentido comun, constituyen una ‘decantacion simplificada’ del patron discursivo empleado por los organismos defensores de los derechos humanos para lograr la condena social hacia la dictadura. En terminos pedagogicos, este sentido comun le impone limites al uso creativo del pasado ya que lo ubica dentro del universo de lo evidente, de aquello que no es objeto de preguntas. Los jovenes tambien identifican silencios y controversias en las memorias de los adultos, generandoles expectativas con respecto a las ‘aclaraciones’ que pueda ofrecerles la escuela, a pesar de su creciente deslegitimacion en el mundo contemporaneo. Finalmente, senalo que la escuela puede retomar este sentido comun, enriquecerlo, complejizarlo y relacionarlo con la formacion de valores democraticos, o bien, puede reproducir una transmision dispersa y fragmentaria que recurra a estereotipos, contribuyendo asi a un cierre de los significados, a una oficializacion de la historia.

Changes in mineral metabolism have recently been described in AIDS patients. To determine whether such changes affect bone turnover and bone mass, we studied 16 HIV-seropositive patients, classified according to Centers for Disease Control criteria, and 27 healthy controls. Biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density were analyzed. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin were abnormally low (0.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) in HIV-seropositive patients, in comparison with the control group (2.98 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) (p0.05). Urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was also decreased in HIV-positive patients (0.10 +/- 0.09 vs 0.14 +/- 0.09) (p0.05). In addition, bone mass was slightly lower in HIV-seropositive patients, although the difference was not statistically significant. The pathogenic mechanism of these alterations and their clinical relevance still remain unclear, and several factors may be implicated.

Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of striated muscle. It is common in the tropics, but rarely reported in temperate climates. We present two cases in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), one an active homosexual, and one an intravenous drug user. A brief review of the clinical findings and diagnostic procedures is included. We conclude that pyomyositis should be included in the list of locations of pyogenic infections that can occur in AIDS patients.

Program (HEPCAR, reference no. 667273-2); US Department of Defense(CA150272P3); an Accelerator Award (CRUCK, AECC, AIRC) (HUNTER,reference no. C9380/A26813), NCI Cancer Center Support Grant, National Cancer Institute; Tisch Cancer Institute (P30-CA196521); Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation; Spanish National Health Institute (SAF2016-76390); and the Generalitat de Catalunya/AGAUR (SGR-1358). Agrin Moeini is supported by Spanish National Health Institute. Sara Torrecilla and Judit Peix are funded by Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd-ISCIII). Carla Montironi is a recipient of Josep Font grant. Carmen Andreu-Oller is supported by "la Caixa" INPhINIT Fellowship Grant (LCF/BQ/IN17/11620024). Roser Pinyol is supported by HEPCAR and AECC. Daniela Sia is supported by the Gilead Sciences Research Scholar Program in Liver Disease. Scott L. Friedman is supported by the National Institutes of Health Research project grant (R01,DK5662) and US Department of Defense (CA150272P3). Mathias Heikenwälder was supported by an ERC Consolidator grant (HepatoMetaboPath), the SFBTR 209, 1335 and SFBTR179. Background & Aims: Cirrhosis and chronic inflammation precede development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in approximately 80% of cases. We investigated immune-related gene expression patterns in liver tissues surrounding early-stage HCCs and chemopreventive agents that might alter these patterns to prevent liver tumorigenesis. Methods: We analyzed gene expression profiles of nontumor liver tissues from 392 patients with early-stage HCC (training set, N = 167 and validation set, N = 225) and liver tissue from patients with cirrhosis without HCC (N = 216, controls) to identify changes in expression of genes that regulate the immune response that could contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. We defined 172 genes as markers for this deregulated immune response, which we called the immune-mediated cancer field (ICF). We analyzed the expression data of liver tissues from 216 patients with cirrhosis without HCC and investigated the association between this gene expression signature and development of HCC and outcomes of patients (median follow-up, 10 years). Human liver tissues were also analyzed by histology. C57BL/6J mice were given a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by weekly doses of carbon tetrachloride to induce liver fibrosis and tumorigenesis. Mice were then orally given the multiple tyrosine inhibitor nintedanib or vehicle (controls); liver tissues were collected and histology, transcriptome, and protein analyses were performed. We also analyzed transcriptomes of liver tissues collected from mice on a choline-deficient high-fat diet, which developed chronic liver inflammation and tumors, orally given aspirin and clopidogrel or the anti-inflammatory agent sulindac vs mice on a chow (control) diet. Results: We found the ICF gene expression pattern in 50% of liver tissues from patients with cirrhosis without HCC and in 60% of nontumor liver tissues from patients with early-stage HCC. The liver tissues with the ICF gene expression pattern had 3 different features: increased numbers of effector T cells; increased expression of genes that suppress the immune response and activation of transforming growth factor β signaling; or expression of genes that promote inflammation and activation of interferon gamma signaling. Patients with cirrhosis and liver tissues with the immunosuppressive profile (10% of cases) had a higher risk of HCC (hazard ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-4.80). Mice with chemically induced fibrosis or diet-induced steatohepatitis given nintedanib or aspirin and clopidogrel down-regulated the ICF gene expression pattern in liver and developed fewer and smaller tumors than mice given vehicle. Conclusions: We identified an immune-related gene expression pattern in liver tissues of patients with early-stage HCC, called the ICF, that is associated with risk of HCC development in patients with cirrhosis. Administration of nintedanib or aspirin and clopidogrel to mice with chronic liver inflammation caused loss of this gene expression pattern and development of fewer and smaller liver tumors. Agents that alter immune regulatory gene expression patterns associated with carcinogenesis might be tested as chemopreventive agents in patients with cirrhosis.