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Innovation scholars disseminate their significant findings through international scientific journals. We conducted content analysis of 2,869 peer-reviewed articles on innovation in Africa, examining their origins, themes, collaborative networks, and scholarly influence. These articles, spanning the years 2015–2021, were curated from the Web of Science database across scientific, social science, and humanities journals. The findings reveal that 46.3% of these articles lacked contributions from African organizations or scholars, while 25.1% involved collaborations between African and non-African entities. A remaining 28.6% were exclusively authored by African scholars, with South African universities being the most frequent contributors. Notably, articles authored by scholars from non-African institutions garnered more citations and appeared in journals with higher impact factors. Key themes within these articles revolved around the knowledge economy, African business innovation, agricultural advancements, and the role of mobile phones in knowledge dissemination and marketing. Surprisingly, sustainability topics were notably absent. South Africa, Kenya, and Ghana featured prominently in the discussions. In conclusion, it is imperative to foster broader participation from African nations and scholars in innovation research and ensure a stronger African perspective in international publications. Additionally, as open-access publishing gains momentum, concerns about escalating publishing costs warrant attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analyse the impact of COVID-19 on Chinese transnational research networks in health. • We build a unique dataset comparing China and the U.S and COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 related research. • COVID-19 networks are smaller and less inter-connected, both in China and in the U.S. • Chinese COVID-19 networks attract a lower number of countries, in more volatile relations compared to non-COVID research. Research networks play pivotal roles in the creation and diffusion of knowledge. It is widely acknowledged that frontier research tends to cluster around transnational research networks (TRNs), which also represent strategic tools for nurturing innovation in R&D-intensive companies. Therefore, they are crucial for promoting the rapid development of the knowledge economy in underdeveloped countries. In this context, China's experience is particularly relevant because the country has invested heavily in knowledge production, which is arguably one of the most important structural changes at the global level in recent decades, with important implications for the division of labor and trade among countries. The country has been investing in order to become the scientific world leader, and in this transition, research collaboration, in particular with other countries, can become strategic. In this work, we analyze whether COVID-19 and related research have affected the shape of the network and the intensity of collaborations involving China in the field of health studies, comparing it to the case of the U.S. as the global leader in research (Fry et al., 2020). In particular, we wish to assess whether COVID-19-related research has pushed toward larger and more intensive collaborations internationally than before the pandemic or whether a tendency to closure has prevailed has prevailed. This also means understanding whether COVID-19, as a global phenomenon, has affected China in rising as an international research leader. To do so, we built an original dataset of international, coauthored publications involving China or the U.S. in selected health research fields. Our analysis first shows that COVID-19 research has assumed specific features distinct from other topics in the same research field, shaping research networks in a peculiar way for both China and the U.S. Second, for China, COVID-19 does not appear to have represented an opportunity to further climb up the international research ladder, as it has attracted a relatively low and more volatile number of collaborators from different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most prominent and influential Geography literatures about the Global South are predominantly produced by scholars in the North and less so by intellectuals whose homes are located in the Global South—the 'local scholars'. As a Cambodian scholar, I argue that the challenges of participating in collaborative, English language knowledge production derive not merely from skill disparities between international and 'local' academics, but also from constraints in finding the right platforms for research and academic expression. Constrained conditions for knowledge participation and expansion are rooted in a long history of colonialism in the Cambodian education system and the contemporary political economy of academia. Rather than directly engage with international intellectual and political discussions, in many cases, Cambodian scholars largely supply compelling stories—in the form of ethnographic evidence, data, images and affect to fuel theoretical debates taking place in the North. Beyond emphasising this well established inequity in the political economy of knowledge production, I contend that being 'on the ground' not only equips local scholars with contextual depths but also confines them to think and act locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Putting anthropologists of design in conversation with Black studies, this article demonstrates how a group of repentant education entrepreneurs in post‐Katrina New Orleans mobilized racialized affective and narrative surplus within an information economy based on design rituals and protocols. I examine how this splinter group of education reformers established design communities through ritualized "pitches" and show how the egalitarian aspirations of designers rely on forms of empathetic erasure rooted in narratives of spectacular violence and universalist assumptions about the motivations, behaviors, and capacities of so‐called users and so‐called designers. While it is easy to laud the "empathy principles" of design thinking for taking seriously the agency and intellectual capacity of its racialized "users," this article shares anti‐Blackness theorists' skepticism of liberal humanization projects and is concerned with the burdens that the relationship between designers and users entails. What is the human at the center of design? Humanity here is not a shared essence, nor an egalitarian relation, but in this instance marks a process through which surplus affect and the spectacle of Blackness is instrumentalized and transmuted into racial capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data (BD), they provide people with new ways and tools in information acquisition, processing and dissemination. The purpose of this study is to deeply discuss the influence of AI and BD technologies on the development of Information Security (InfoSec) in media economy, and analyze the opportunities and challenges it brings. Firstly, the evaluation system of the influence of BD technology on the development of InfoSec, a media enterprise, is constructed. Then, this study discusses the development mode of the multilateral platform of media economy supported by BD technology. Finally, taking S company and X platform as examples, this study analyses the influence of BD technology on the development of InfoSec and the development mode of media economy supported by BD technology. The research results show that with the support of BD technology, the proportion of InfoSec products in enterprises has reached 0.2426, and the InfoSec score of S company has reached 77.74, reaching a high level. The profit margin of digital network media is three times that of traditional media. The number of users of multilateral digital media economic platform X has increased by 21%, and its turnover has increased by 54%. AI and BD technologies have brought opportunities and challenges to the InfoSec development of media economy. While applying these technologies, it is necessary to take effective measures to protect users' privacy and strengthen the information review and verification mechanism to ensure the sustainable development of media economy. The uniqueness of this study lies in the construction of a comprehensive BD technology impact assessment system and the discussion of the development model of multilateral media economic platform, which provides a powerful reference and guidance for media enterprises. In addition, this study also reveals the positive influence of BD technology on InfoSec and the development of media economy, which provides beneficial enlightenment for the future development of media industry. In response to the challenges of privacy and InfoSec, this study puts forward important policy and practical suggestions to ensure the sustainable growth of media economy and the protection of users' rights and interests. Therefore, this study has important contribution and innovative value in both theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creativity has fascinated scholars for generations, and its identification as one of the key 'twenty-first century skills' necessary for economic growth has led to renewed interest. This creates two challenges for the OECD: its flagship Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA) does not directly measure creativity. Secondly, the increased importance attached to creativity has highlighted claims that high performers on PISA are largely nations stereotyped as lacking creativity. This challenges PISA's self-proclaimed status as the premier global benchmark for evaluating and comparing the quality of school systems and weakens its capacity to deliver its core mission; to identify 'best practices' which ensure economic prosperity. We explore these challenges and examine both how the OECD has responded to them and is moving to include creativity in PISA 2022. We argue that, while a precise definition of creativity has defied scholars for centuries, the indications are that the OECD's metric will focus on a narrow, convergent and easily-measured conception associated with cognitive competencies and linked to enhancing human capital. In this way, the 'messiness' around the polysemic concept will be simultaneously both exploited and threatened, as new, measurable versions displace alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swedish universities and colleges have received a substantial funding increase since the turn of the millennium, as part of continued policies of expanding the admission of students to higher education to broader layers of the population and strengthen Swedish public research and development to increase the competitiveness of the Swedish knowledge-based economy. In this article, publicly available statistics are used to trace how this increase in funding has been used by the sector. Comparing figures on income (base grant for research, third-party funding and base grant for education) with statistics on personnel and student enrolment as well as data on actual expenditure, the article draws some conclusions that are used to discuss some common misunderstandings and erroneous beliefs, including claims of a 'depletion' of the base grant for research and an uninhibited growth of the number of administrative staff, which are common themes in the Swedish and international debate over higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital economy is a new impetus to promote high-quality economic development. We use the policies of Zhejiang Information Economy Development Demonstration Base (IEDD) and Zhejiang Software and Information Service Industry Base (SISI) established between 2015 and 2017 to design a quasi-natural experiment. By using a panel data from 2005 to 2020 in Zhejiang and the difference-in-differences model, we test the impacts of IEDD and SISI policies on digital economy development. We find that there are significant spatial differences for digital economy in Zhejiang. IEDD and SISI policies improve the digital economy development, that is, the policy advantages can indeed be transformed into industrial advantages. The IEDD policy can promote the digital economy industry development by enhancing the digital infrastructure and financial development; SISI policy can promote the development of the digital economy industry by promoting financial development. The results of quantile regression show that the promotion effect of IEDD and SISI policies increases with the improvement of the industrial basis of regional digital economy. The results of group regression show that the IEDD policy promotes the digital economy development in counties and county-level cities of Zhejiang, and the SISI policy plays a significant role in municipal districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epistemic relevance of forgiveness has been neglected by both the discussion of forgiveness in moral psychology and by social epistemology generally. Moral psychology fails to account for the forgiveness of epistemic wrongs and for the way that wrongs in general have epistemic implications. Social epistemology, for its part, neglects the way that epistemic trust is not only conferred but repaired. In this essay, I show that the repair of epistemic trust through forgiveness is necessary to the economy of knowledge for fallible persons like us. Despite the fact that forgiveness is never included on lists of important intellectual virtues or epistemic activities, it is vital to our lives as social knowers. Likewise, an account of forgiveness that neglects its epistemic dimension is importantly incomplete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of science and technology, the flow of information has become more convenient, and society has entered the era of knowledge economy. In this era, technological innovation capability is becoming increasingly important and has become an important weapon for enterprises to survive in fierce competition, especially for technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. Nowadays, technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises have developed many technological innovation achievements through continuous technological innovation, and have created a large number of high-tech products and services. Technological innovation has been proven to effectively improve the core competitiveness and economic benefits of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, evaluating the technological innovation capabilities of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises has both theoretical and practical significance. The enterprise technological innovation capability evaluation from a low carbon perspective could be deemed as the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problem. Recently, the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) technique and cosine similarity measure (CSM) technique has been employed to manage MAGDM issues. The spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) are used as an efficient tool for portraying uncertain information during the enterprise technological innovation capability evaluation from a low carbon perspective. In this paper, the spherical fuzzy number EDAS based on the CSM (SFN-CSM-EDAS) technique is cultivated to manage the MAGDM under SFSs. Finally, a numerical study for enterprise technological innovation capability evaluation from a low carbon perspective is supplied to validate the proposed technique. The main contributions of this paper are outlined: (1) the EDAS and CSM technique was extended to SFSs; (2) the CRITIC technique is used to derive weight based on CSM technique under SFSs. (3) the SFN-CSM-EDAS technique is founded to manage the MAGDM under SFSs; (4) a numerical case study for enterprise technological innovation capability evaluation from a low carbon perspective and some comparative analysis is supplied to validate the SFN-CSM-EDAS technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of labour productivity in the Eastern Cape. Furthermore, the study estimates the determinant of labour productivity from a sectoral and industry perspective. The technique employed for the empirical analysis is the ARDL bounds test. The empirical results highlight that investment in ICT, health and GDP growth are the crucial determinants of total labour productivity in the Eastern Cape. The sectoral analysis shows that primary sector labour productivity is driven by human capital and investment in ICT. Trade is the most important factor explaining labour productivity in the secondary sector while the tertiary sector is driven by R&D expenditures and ICT investment. The industry analysis revealed results similar to those of the sectoral analysis to some extent. The results imply that the shift to a knowledge-based economy is crucial for the Eastern Cape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is a socio-technical, ideological, and rhetorical construction rooted in the neoliberal discourse that reflects key tenets of global capitalism, is believed to have considerable implications for the development of employees in advanced manufacturing environments. This paper aims to explore the ways in which the learning needs of employees in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution could be appropriately identified and how employees could further develop their skills through the design of suitable development curricula. To this end , the paper seeks to interrogate the ways in which the employees' learning needs are likely to be identified in the middle-range future, and problemate the focus of highly specialised and exclusively focused on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) curricula that are likely to be designed to help employees respond to the perceived demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The paper further seeks to explore a preferred liberal future, drawing on the work of Martha Nussbaum, to create the possibility for an alternative future guided by a more holistic conception of employee development through the establishment of learner-centred, liberal – and liberating – interdisciplinary Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While feminist knowledge has historical roots in China, the academic knowledge production about women's and gender studies (WGS) as situated knowledge has always been a contestation between opposing forces. The Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, marked the critical discursive and organizational moment for grounding the feminist concept of gender as an analytical and action framework. Since then, WGS have flourished, but the label of feminism has been ambivalent. To examine the complicated state of academic dependency and the politics of location in this interdisciplinary academic field, I interrogate researchers' positionalities in some recent publications on feminism and gender studies about China by pointing out the interplay of diasporic and domestic positionalities in English and Chinese publication outlets. This article argues that for an interdisciplinary program like WGS, with its inextricable connection to the political state of China and socialist state feminism, the theory of academic dependency cannot adequately capture the often contested, strategic, and situated standpoints of feminist scholars. While diasporic and domestic scholars are deeply aware of their own positionalities in the channel of publications that grant them voices, they are also caught in the current hegemonic political economy of knowledge. This article interrogates the contested positionalities of overseas and domestic feminist scholars in creating a feminist academic field about China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper lays out the conceptual groundwork for a long-term project examining ethical issues raised when addressing the value of knowledge to a knowledge economy. The project includes a series of papers on specific topics that interrelate to the subjects of knowledge, ethics and organizations. While some of the planned articles for the project will have a practical focus, others, such as this one, will be conceptual in nature. The following outlines selected key concepts for an ethics of knowledge and their relationship with cognate areas of inquiry and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era marked by generative AI, widening inequality, and information overload, librarians with LIS training find themselves at the forefront of a changing landscape. The traditional paradigm in academia is challenged by new technologies and social shifts, prompting a reassessment the librarian's role as a public leader. This article discusses three perspectives on these issues, placing them within the larger conversation of the LIS field. Dr. Norman Mooradian lays the groundwork for a paradigm shift by exploring the intersection of knowledge and ethics in a knowledge economy. Boheme Morris delves into the complexities of inequality within the high-tech knowledge economy, challenging the efficacy of the "access doctrine." Sarah Wilson's research emphasizes the need for diversity, equity, and inclusion in knowledge access, and sounds a clarion call for library services to do more in the furtherance of DEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to moral encroachers, the moral stakes of a belief partly determine how much evidence we need for the belief to count as knowledge. This view concerns the beliefs of individual believers. In this paper, I argue for a social group version of moral encroachment: dominant groups, such as white people or men, need to have more evidence than the marginalised in order for some of their beliefs to constitute knowledge. I argue for this claim in three steps. First, I spell out the group moral stakes involved – the harms dominant knowers cause the marginalised and the knowledge economy. Second, I show off the theoretical benefits of having the notion of social group moral encroachment at our disposal: it can be an invaluable tool for decolonial and feminist epistemologists if they want to avoid the relativistic ring to their views (a ring that tends to put off many well-wishers). Finally, I start on a positive account of social group moral encroachment by addressing a potential puzzle and responding to objections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A knowledge-based economy adds innovation as another dynamic to a political economy. Whereas a political economy is institutionalized -for example, in a nation state-the knowledge base is volatile although it leaves footprints behind by transforming the institutional layers. This transformation into new options can be measured as redundancy using the Triple-Helix indicator. The balance between historical entropy generation and the knowledge-based generation of options can be measured in terms of positive and negative contributions to the prevailing uncertainty. At what scale and in which sectors is synergy among geographical, technological, and organizational distributions of firms evident? Using mutual information in the three dimensions as an indicator, we analyse a dataset of more than 16 million firms in Brazil and compute synergy within and across states and sectors in this country in terms of bits of information. The results suggest that no synergy is generated at the national level. The political economy of the country has not (yet) been transformed into a national innovation system. At state level, synergies vary according to geographical levels and sectors due to the specifics of the states. Above-average values were found for some states in the South and Southeast Regions. Also, the political capital, Brasilia, has resulted to have no impact in the innovation system of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, competing discourses shape tensions between the role of the contemporary university and the global markets in which universities must exist. This paper draws on the examination of interviews with nine education academics in Australia to illuminate the construction of ‘global’ in the production of the global graduate (GG). Discourse analysis is used to explore how, against the backdrop of COVID 19, participants construct different identities variously related to current and future orientations for the GG. This paper uses two big ‘D’ discourses – efficiency as centralised imperative and boundless productivity – to explore knowledge production and accountabilities, neoliberalism, internationalisation and the construction of marketised universities operating in global knowledge economies. We conclude, the GG is an elusive notion, which draws mobile and multiple positionings to reveal unsettled and often ambiguous constructions of ‘university’ and ‘teacher’, with related tensions for the role and identity of education academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The inconsistent results on the effect of export market diversification on economic performance are associated with the relatedness between export markets. • Having diverse related export markets facilitates regional export growth. • Having many unrelated export markets has a negative impact on regional export growth. • The knowledge spillovers and economies of scope among manufacturers and trade intermediaries are the key mechanisms behind related variety of export markets. Existing literature found both positive and negative relationship between geographical diversification and economic performance. Our research helps reconcile such contradictory results, and stresses that such conflict is associated with relatedness between export markets. Using China's custom data, we show that having diverse related export markets facilitates regional export growth due to knowledge spillovers among manufacturers and economies of scope for trade intermediaries. Having many unrelated export markets, however, has a negative impact on regional export growth, as it dilutes valuable resources. Furthermore, we highlight the role of trade intermediaries, which have been less studied than manufacturers in literature on export market diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between leadership practices in training programs, motivational climate and skill development. A questionnaire was used to collect data from employees at the Administration Centre in Malaysia. The SmartPLS software was employed to evaluate the data quality of the questionnaire and test the study hypotheses. The results of the SmartPLS path model analysis indicate that the impact of leadership practices in training programs on skill development is indirectly influenced by motivational climate. The results of the SmartPLS path model analysis indicate that the impact of leadership practices in training programs on skill development is indirectly influenced by motivational climate. The study findings explain that a leader's ability to regularly practice leadership practices in training programs in the execution of daily work operations can generate a motivational climate within the organization. Consequently, this motivation can further encourage individuals to enhance effective skill development. The findings of this study can serve as a guide for practitioners to understand the intricacies of the motivational climate concept and to formulate strategic action plans to improve leadership skills in order to achieve and maintain the goals and strategies of the organization in the era of globalization and knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge economy has transformed society and the university environment, which has moved towards the market model. The profound changes produced under this new model have had implications for institutional functions, especially research. In Spain, this transformation has also coincided with the intergenerational overlap of researchers. Consequently, research on intergenerational relations has become an area of interest and concern. This study analyses the intergenerational climate of Spanish research by administering the Workplace Intergenerational Climate Scale. This questionnaire has five subscales: lack of generational stereotypes, positive intergenerational affect, intergenerational contact, workplace generational inclusiveness, and workplace intergenerational retention. A total of 2003 researchers from 10 Spanish public universities participated in this study. The findings suggest a favourable intergenerational climate in Spanish research, albeit with some generational stereotypes. Older researchers (Baby Boomers and Generation X) showed the most positive perception of the various aspects of the intergenerational climate of Spanish research, represented by the different subscales. As a positive intergenerational climate in research settings leads to improvements at the individual, group, and institutional levels, higher education institutions should regularly diagnose and improve their intergenerational climate towards overcoming generational stereotypes, which often results from intuitions and beliefs than from actual and confirmed difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze multiple-beliefs based efficiency measures in economies with risk and disagreement, including belief neutral efficiency and inefficiency, incomplete knowledge efficiency, efficiency based on unanimity, and utility aggregators that minimize Bergson welfare functions over multiple beliefs. We provide equivalence results under technical conditions that are satisfied in several work-horse economies, including the exchange economy and a standard economy with a linear production technology. We also provide several examples for which these measures differ. Our results show that the further away one gets from the standard exchange economy, the more the different multiple-beliefs based measures differ in the allocations they identify as efficient, in general. Consequently, the more important the choice of efficiency measure becomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing globalization and rising knowledge-based economy have created a higher-than-ever demand for skilled workers. China, among some Global South countries, is joining the race for talent to alleviate the brain drain. Using the conceptual framework of 'intellectual migration', this study examines how the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China is increasingly becoming an 'intellectual gateway' that attracts and retains skilled international migrants. Drawing on 58 semi-structured interviews with skilled US migrants in this region, this article addresses the following research questions: (1) Why do skilled US migrants choose the region as their migration destination; and (2) As a rising intellectual gateway, how does the PRD region shape the integration of skilled US migrants? Our findings suggest that the PRD region's knowledge-based economy and socio-cultural environment serve as strong magnets that attract skilled US migrants. These factors are critical to the structural and socio-cultural integration of skilled international migrants. The research advances the intellectual migration framework by providing empirical evidence on the geography of intellectual migration in a fast-growing megalopolis in the Global South, demonstrating the diversity of intellectual migrants and intellectual gateways. Policy implications include supporting the synergy of structural and socio-cultural integration of global talent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has become reliant on workers from abroad to meet its demand for the knowledge-based economy. However, some migrants may face an earnings deficit relative to similar US-born workers. This paper examines the sources of the deficit and asks whether we should expect the initial deficit to disappear with education attainment and work experience in the US. They are challenging to answer as few data sources measure and track market experiences and educational trajectories of migrants over time. Migration and educational trajectories which reflect the country's source of formal educational credentials as well as other forms of capital may explain the deficit, this study applies sequence analysis to the National Science Foundation's 'National College Graduate Survey' to examine earnings differences between China- and US-born STEM workers. After identifying the dominant migration-education profiles for these STEM workers, I show that the wages of migrants with exclusively China-based education are 5–25% lower than those of workers with at least some US-based education, even among workers who are otherwise similar in terms of experience, legal status, employer type, occupation, degree level and time since migration. These findings point to significant and lasting penalties due to non-US education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die bundesweiten Forschungssammlungen umfassen mehr als 150 Millionen natur-, technik- und kulturhistorische Objekte. Hinzu kommen vielfältige Sammlungen von Lebendkulturen in Bioressourcenzentren. Das Konsortium OSIRIS (Offene Sammlungs-, Informations- und Rechercheinfrastruktur) fokussiert sich darauf, das immense Potenzial dieser Sammlungen für Forschungsfragen und konkrete Anwendungen gemeinsam zu erschließen, um gesellschaftliche Veränderungsprozesse zu verstehen, mitzugestalten und eine neue Wissensökonomie zu schaffen. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Frage, was eine integrative Bibliothek des biologischen, technischen und kulturellen Sammlungswissens leisten kann. Germany holds some 150 million objects in natural history, technical, and cultural research collections, and manifold collections of microorganisms in biological resource centers. The consortium OSIRIS (Open Science Information and Research Infrastructure) aims at developing and integrating the high potential of these collections for research and application to better understand and foster societal transformation and to create a new knowledge economy. The article discusses the benefits of such an integrated library of bio-techno-cultural knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global knowledge economy has turned higher education into a key player in societal development. Internationalization benefits higher education institutions in several aspects, such as improvement and visibility in international rankings, revenue generation via tuition fees and external funding, improvement of research and teaching quality, integration with academic communities and familiarization with scholarly attitudes. In this study, we provide insights into the challenges of internationalization faced by higher education institutions in Iran as a developing country. Several policies and practices have been adopted in Iran to improve internationalization efforts; however, these activities have had little impact on the quality of research and educational programs at Iran's universities. Understanding the challenges they face in a systematic way can help identify different factors and develop a set of suggestions to increase the quality and quantity of international cooperation. We formulate our suggestions based on the opportunities provided by the digitalization solutions in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the increasing importance of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals in both global and national environments. We interviewed 15 faculty members in Iranian higher education institutions and 14 managers in charge of international affairs at universities in Iran. In addition, data extracted from three forums on Iranian higher education internationalization are analysed. Using a grounded theory approach, we group the challenges into macro‐, institutional and individual levels and then suggest a number of practices and policies to increase the quantity and quality of internationalization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the knowledge economy, how integrating into the network of collaborative innovation and promoting technology sharing has become the key to enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. It is well known that inter-organizational trust is essential to technology sharing. Firstly, this paper discussed how inter-organizational trust plays a role in technology-sharing behavior. Secondly, based on "organization is bounded rational", we established an evolutionary game model to analyze the influencing factors of technology sharing. Finally, we used the numerical simulation method to verify the model. Research shows that affective trust facilitates technology acquisition and cognitive trust facilitates technology sharing. The synergetic benefit distribution coefficient influences the evolutionary equilibrium strategy of technology sharing, and there is an optimal synergistic benefit distribution coefficient that maximizes the willingness of both enterprises to share technology. Technology transfer cost and technology leakage risk negatively affect technology-sharing behavior. The degree of technology complementarity, trust coefficient, incentive coefficient, and the ability of shared technologies to transform into synergistic benefits positively influence technology-sharing behavior. The research provides a new way to solve the practical problem of collaborative innovation technology sharing among enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several years, Danish and other European countries have had political objectives for promoting higher education and research. As a result of this, there has been an increased supply of PhD graduates in all disciplines. From a socio-economic point of view, investment in the development of a highly educated work force is considered necessary to ensure competitiveness in the global knowledge economy. It is assumed that PhD graduates are requested outside of academia and that they will contribute to the dissemination of knowledge and skills outside of academia. However, within the social sciences and humanities, most PhD raduates are employed within academia and employment in other branches appears less frequent. This has led to an increased research interest in the strategies and competences of these PhD graduates vis-à-vis the structures of the labour market. The focus tends to be more on individualist perspectives of employability than on structuralist perspectives of social background and knowledge discourses, which constitute the focus of this article. Our focus is on analysing narratives of PhD graduates from the social sciences and humanities as to which career strategies they follow and how they apply competences and refer to knowledge acquired through their PhD. Based on data from universities in Denmark, we have analysed the implications of the policy discourses of employability and transferability and how they result in different knowledge discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, governments have sought to increase the number of PhD graduates and support their transition into non-academic employment. The UK is no exception to this trend: investing significantly in doctoral funding, skills training and programme reform to facilitate progression into the non-academic labour market. To an extent, these aspirations have been fulfilled, with a growing proportion of PhD graduates forging non-academic careers. However, it is less clear if the types of roles that PhD graduates occupy fulfil the promise of a high-skilled, knowledge-based economy. This article focuses on the absorption of UK PhD graduates into research employment outside of academia and considers how entry into research roles varies by academic and demographic characteristics. To explore this question, data from two cohorts of UK domiciled PhD-holders in the 'Destination of Leavers of Higher Education Longitudinal Survey' are analysed (n = 4,731). Over two-thirds of PhD graduates enter non-academic employment. However, a significantly higher proportion of science graduates from the prestigious Russell Group of universities secure research employment and report greater career satisfaction. The analysis signals the existence of a science-based knowledge economy into which certain PhD holders fit, but research employment opportunities for humanities and social science PhD graduates are less evident. The implications of these differentiated trajectories for continued doctoral expansion are discussed. While the dataset is a valuable resource, its limitations illustrate the need to advance empirical and conceptual understanding of PhD employment beyond academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical development of Chile's doctoral education is closely tied to its semi-peripheral position in the world economy. Drawing from secondary data and historical sources on the development of doctoral education, we conducted a critical analysis of the different phases of doctoral education within the last 70 years, paying special attention to the reforms implemented in the last 15 years. Our analysis revealed that Chile's doctoral education is going through a phase of rapid expansion of doctoral enrolment, internationalisation, and quantification of academic quality, responding to the paradigm of the knowledge economy. Particularly, we argue that the emphasis on quantifying the quality of doctoral education unintentionally undermines the potential of doctoral education to support the processes of scientific and technological knowledge creation that truly address the most pressing issues of Chilean society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of key drivers are responsible for the major shifts taking place in doctoral education globally, including massification, globalisation, digitalisation and the knowledge economy. While each of these drivers permeates the South African higher education context to some extent, we argue that the country's complex historical legacies provide a unique background and lens through which key drivers of doctoral education can be framed. Thus, our focus is first to outline the complex legacy of apartheid and its implications for the country's transformation agenda and resulting shifts taking place in the South African higher and doctoral education landscape. Secondly, to account for some future prospects, we draw on the outcomes of the recent (2020/21) national review of doctoral programmes in South Africa. We highlight some recommendations that universities need to attend to via their respective doctoral improvement plans as a possible future agenda for driving and improving doctoral education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies take increasingly refined views of how socioeconomic conditions influence political behaviour. We add to this literature by exploring how voters' prospective evaluations of long-term economic and social opportunities relate to electoral contestation versus the stabilization of the political-economic system underpinning the knowledge society. Using survey data from eight West European countries, we show that positive prospects are associated with higher support for mainstream parties (incumbents and opposition) and lower support for radical parties on all levels of material well-being. Our results support the idea that 'aspirational voters' with positive evaluations of opportunities (for themselves or their children) represent an important stabilizing force in advanced democratic capitalism. However, we also highlight the importance of radical party support among 'apprehensive voters', who are economically secure but perceive a lack of long-term opportunities. To assess the implications of these findings, we discuss the relative importance of these groups across different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the developmental ambitions of governments to attract university offshore campuses to Doha, Dubai and Ras al‐Khaimah and these universities' internationalization strategies affect the three cities' positionalities. It links interdisciplinary literature on globally uneven geographies of higher education to geographical debates on the intermediating role of cities in regional and global economies. The paper conceptualizes the three cities as a triadic ensemble of gateways for transnational higher education (TNE), thereby contributing to further theorization of gateway cities. The paper shows that the three cities fulfil two crucial gateway functions. First, they connect internationalizing universities with particular student segments from their regional hinterlands seeking access to TNE. Second, they thereby amplify and disperse hegemonic regimes of the globalising knowledge‐based economy in their regional hinterlands. While all three cities share similar functions and rationales, they also have distinct positionalities rooted in different strategies of the respective governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to know the skills of Knowledge Economy and the role of teachers in developing them among learners through theoretical literature, studies and research issued by international organisations and institutions interested in education and the study of skills, beside through the literature of the study, therefore, setting a proposed conception to develop the teacher's role in developing such skills among learners in the light of contemporary global transformations. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive method was used, which is based on describing, analysing, and interpreting the existent, in addition to attempting to foresee the future. Study results have shown that the education's three foundations: reading, writing, and mathematics are no longer sufficient to cope with contemporary global transformations, because learning the skills of Knowledge Economy requires the addition of the skills of the 21st century represented in: critical thinking, innovation and creativity, cooperation and participation, awareness of multi-cultures, effective communication, and the ability of effective employment of the tools of knowledge and electronic information, profession and self-reliance. This requires the development of the teacher's roles that he should play in developing the learners’ skills of Knowledge Economy according to the proposed conception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an interdisciplinary research that sought to explore knowledge loss risks interdependently in relation to the knowledge management (KM) and human resource management (HRM) disciplines in South African state-owned companies (SOCs). This study highlighted the significant role of knowledge-based HRM systems, which will naturally enhance the management capacity of tacit knowledge to mitigate risks and assist SOCs to deliver on a developmental mandate, as well as ensure their survival and the economic growth of developing nations. The paper aims to explore the connection between KM and HRM practices for the effective management of enterprise tacit knowledge loss risks using the SOCs of South Africa as a case. This study is a mixed methods research project, using the exploratory sequential design as a research strategy. Data were collected qualitatively through interviews with 20 purposively nominated human resource managers, and survey data was collected randomly from 25% (145 of the 585 responses) of the workers employed in SOCs. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Atlas.ti and Statistical data were analysed using SAS and exploratory factor analysis. The relationship between HRM and KM practices in lessening the risks inherent in tacit knowledge loss, mainly from voluntary turnover, is underdeveloped in many South African SOCs. The study established that the role of HRM in supporting KM is limited and underdeveloped in many SOCs, largely because they are lagging in key structures and knowledge-centric cultures, behaviours and HRM practices to drive the effective management of company knowledge. This study assists HRM executives and KM practitioners to develop knowledge-driven HRM practices in order to mitigate risks from the loss of tacit knowledge, whilst ensuring sustained performance in public enterprises. The study and proposed strategies seek to influence the discourse, policies, practices and theories on KM and HRM praxis in companies to mitigate the risks associated with the loss of tacit knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoliberal capitalism's demands for efficiency and innovation have greatly impacted North American academic libraries and the work conducted in them, including information literacy instruction. The divisive forces of neoliberalism must be met with resistance, and libraries hold the potential for generating an information literacy praxis where learners engage information with a critical consciousness instead of a consumerist one. Using library labor conditions and the contradictions between innovation and student learning as focal points, we argue that academic library workers should seek to center attention to inequities and injustices in the information economy and scholarly information systems in their instruction, identify shared issues within their workplaces to organize around, and build coalitions outside libraries to transform what is possible for academic labor and student learning alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southeastern United States has experienced rapid economic and population growth relative to the stagnation and decline of established manufacturing regions. The Rust Belt-Sun Belt literature has relied on a range of factors to explain southern growth (e.g. low wages, regional amenities, technological advances, market proximity, and the Civil Rights Movement). More recent work has cast growth in terms of bottom-up convergence and providing a conceptual framework consistent with the region's experience as the recipient of northern capital seeking a low-cost region. Within the region, uneven development remains. While the neoclassical framework can explain regional capital inflows, questions remain regarding how local and spatial contexts influence the trajectories of individual southern economies. To address these issues, this paper utilizes a conditional convergence model to explain southeastern county-level growth from 1990 to 2018 to understand how the balance of neoclassical processes and localized factors have affected the region's growth. Results highlight a transition away from low-cost manufacturing toward an increased importance of new, knowledge economy sectors. While new economy sectors are identified as significant drivers, results also suggest future challenges for sustained growth due to a suburbanized growth pattern, weak spillover effects, and a lack of urbanization economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of how knowledge is produced and disseminated is critical for understanding today's information-intensive economies. The useful knowledge in the knowledge economy and the information society does not only include formally-based knowledge produced in research labs, universities, and firms, typically based on R&D. In the market, in addition to marketbased social networks, knowledge, news, and technology are produced in (local and global) communities, and this knowledge is also essential for the efficient functioning of the market economy. This more informal knowledge can vary in time and space and is not only spread through business contracts and sales agreements. This type of knowledge can also be disseminated through many implicit and/or non-verbal methods, just like implicit knowledge. In the study, the dynamics of knowledge production and dissemination are examined using game theory. In cases where implicit knowledge is important in the dissemination of knowledge, it is shown that actors who contribute to knowledge production often benefit more from the positive externalities arising from the dissemination of knowledge than actors who do not contribute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital literacy is a crucial skill set within the social, political, and economic contexts of 21st‐century society. Around the world, governments are making a concerted effort to develop digital literacy within adults, as indicated through Sustainable Development Goal 4. However, working learners from a variety of backgrounds and geographies present unique institutional, situational, and dispositional barriers when seeking digital literacies. Furthermore, digitally disconnected working learners cannot gain the necessary skills to fully participate in 21st‐century knowledge economies when trying to cross the first and second digital literacy divides. This article considers how the contexts of different working learners create different needs that adult education practitioners must respond to via whole systems advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can greater inclusion in democracy for historically disadvantaged groups reduce rebel violence? Democracy-building is a common tool in counterinsurgencies and post-conflict states, yet existing scholarship has faced obstacles in measuring the independent effect of democratic reforms. We evaluate whether quotas for Scheduled Tribes in local councils reduced rebel violence in Chhattisgarh, an Indian state featuring high-intensity Maoist insurgent activity. These quotas did not originate as a counterinsurgency technique, but instead as an effort to address the longstanding political marginalization of India's Scheduled Tribes. We employ a geographic regression discontinuity design to study the wartime effects of quotas implemented in Chhattisgarh, finding that reservations reduced Maoist violence in the state. Exploratory analyses of mechanisms suggest that reservations reduced violence by bringing local elected officials closer to state security forces, providing a windfall of valuable information to counterinsurgents. Our study shows that institutional engineering, like reforms to create more inclusive representative democracy, can shape the trajectory of insurgent violence. Institutional engineering creating more inclusive representative democracy during an ongoing conflict can affect the political economy of information sharing in civil war and, ultimately, affect the trajectory of insurgent violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on development has long underscored the importance of knowledge-based assets and innovation for economic growth and competitiveness. This paper explores an apparent paradox: why did Argentine regulators initially demur in approving the commercialization of genetically-modified (GM) wheat, one of very few products innovated by the country's biotech sector? The answer lies in risk mitigation, but the risks Argentine regulators sought to avoid were not the environmental and health risks typically associated with GM products. Rather, they worried about possible disruptions to agricultural trade if exports were found to be contaminated by an unapproved GM product. I define the kind of risk that Argentine regulators sought to minimize as structural risk—that is, risk issuing from structural constraints a country faces given an unfavorable or dependent position in trade relations. By illuminating how risks emanating from structural constraints particular to Southern states shape regulatory frameworks, this analysis advances our understanding of the Regulatory State of the South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of knowledge-based economies, the performance evaluation of state budget in the field of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) through a comprehensive approach has become essential. However, the existence of a wide range of influential dimensions, including different types of scientific fields, stakeholders, organisations receiving the budget, and more importantly, the necessity of attention to the whole innovation process, has made the STI evaluation process difficult. This paper aims at breaking down the mentioned dimensions and integrating them in a comprehensive evaluation dashboard in order to evaluate STI process. Therefore, the proposed evaluation dashboard considers efficiency, effectiveness, relevance, utility, sustainability, and different stakeholders' opinions, applies required indicators for five main scientific fields, and pays attention to the differences between the different types of state organisations. To this end, design science was used as the research methodology. Through interview and questionnaire, viable indicators were extracted and refined from indicators pool. Finally, STI evaluation dashboard including five radar charts of each scientific field for three types of state organisations was provided. Based on this, efficiency, effectiveness, and utility coefficients of each organisation for the state STI budget spent in each scientific field which includes a set of indicators were calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of knowledge economy, how to promote knowledge sharing behavior of university students deserves close attention from academic and practical circles. As a character strength, purpose in life can predict individuals' thriving and positive development, but its predictive effect on knowledge sharing behavior has not been explored. This study investigated the association between purpose in life (meaningfulness, goal orientation, and beyond‐the‐self) and knowledge sharing behavior, and the potential mediating effect of gratitude. Data were collected from 493 students (mean age = 20.86, standard deviation= 1.69) from two universities in the Hunan province of China. They completed the scales of purpose in life, gratitude, and knowledge sharing behavior in June 2022. This study conducted structural equation model analysis to test the hypothetical model. The results showed that goal orientation and beyond‐the‐self positively predicted knowledge sharing behavior, and gratitude partially mediated the association between goal orientation and knowledge sharing behavior, and beyond‐the‐self and knowledge sharing behavior. The findings highlight the importance of purpose in life and gratitude in promoting knowledge sharing behavior among university students. Practitioner points: Goal orientation and beyond‐the‐self of purpose in life positively predicted knowledge sharing behavior among Chinese university students.Gratitude partially mediated the association between goal orientation and knowledge sharing behavior among Chinese university students.Gratitude partially mediated the association between beyond‐the‐self and knowledge sharing behavior among Chinese university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investments in education and retraining, or research and development have become essential in today's knowledge‐intensive economies. While private actors often underprovided such knowledge‐based capital due to various market failures, there is also considerable variation in the extent to which governments invest in knowledge‐based capital due to cross‐sectional and intertemporal trade‐offs. I argue that in trying to account for this variation, corporatist institutions are a neglected but crucial factor. By necessitating and facilitating cooperation and compensation, corporatism creates a more collaborative style of policy making and a sense of common ownership of policy problems that helps overcome the trade‐offs associated with investments in knowledge‐based capital. Using within‐between mixed‐effects models on a novel time‐series‐cross‐sectional dataset, I find strong support for this argument. Corporatist countries invest a lot more in knowledge‐based capital, and corporatism also affects how countries react to deindustrialization. This is an important finding given the key role of long‐term policy making in areas like climate change politics, pandemic preparedness or responding to the digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is the driving force of the knowledge-based economy. The maintenance and sustainability of this innovation depend on the ability to innovate. The present study was a combination design with a structural equation model approach. First, using a qualitative method, an operational definition of innovation capability and its initial framework in Iranian universities of medical sciences were presented by 10 experts. The scale development was performed through a literature review, a qualitative approach, and interviews with an expert panel. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated via cross-sectional studies. Scale correlation, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed using Amos software version 23. Qualitative data analysis led to the extraction of eight main themes which comprised the initial format of the study model. Quantitative phase findings and calculations of the fit indices of the measurement model showed that the model was suitable. Notably, the goodness fitness index (RMSEA), CFI index, and Chi-2/df ratio were 0.065, 0.917, 2.063, respectively. It is strongly recommended that this model is used for the development of Iranian universities of medical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyze the concept and function of regional proximities in its various dimensions, as well as its link with Regional Cross-Border Innovation Systems to promote development in the current knowledge-based economy. Methodology: Systematic review carried out on platforms such as Springer, ResearchGate and Google Scholar. The following were used as key concepts in both Spanish and English: "proximity", "regional development", "SRIT" and "knowledge economy". The initial selection was based on the evaluation of titles, summaries and results, prioritizing cutting-edge articles. Next, more detailed critical readings were performed to select relevant data. Results: Non-spatial forms of regional proximity play a fundamental role in driving collaboration and innovation. Although it is an understudied field, the relationship between a knowledge-based economy and SRIT is essential to enhance the capacity of regions to compete globally. Limitations: A unified way of addressing regional proximities has not been found, which is why the importance of identifying and taking advantage of the most relevant proximities for each context is highlighted. Conclusions: Although geographical proximity is important, other forms such as social, cognitive and organizational are crucial for regional innovation, which is why the need to consider various forms of proximity and collaboration to promote innovation and development in both environments is emphasized. cross-border as well as local. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The labour market is witnessing a significant increase in the levels of demand to learn new skills in areas such as data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning, which are among the most prominent features of the new industrial revolution. Universities have a vital function in the knowledge economy and innovation, as they generate and share knowledge through research, education, and creativity. The knowledge economy (KE) and innovation are key drivers of economic growth, as they promote innovation, productivity, and competitiveness. It creates new industries and jobs that require highly skilled workers. Weakness and inadequacy of the educational and research system have been considered as one of the main issues in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study is to identify the role of universities in the knowledge economy and innovation in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of academics at the University of Hail. To achieve the objective of this research, a cross-sectional explanatory and descriptive research design with a quantitative approach was adopted by the researchers. A sample size of 83 academicians was chosen using a simple random sampling procedure. The analysis method employed was structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS). The adopted instrument for collecting the data were a survey. The questionnaire measures were based on a 5-point Likert scale. To measure the reliability and validity of the instruments, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and Fornell-Lacker criterion tests were conducted. The findings of the study revealed that educational curriculum, educational policy, infrastructure, and scientific research have a significant role in (KE) and innovation, whereas the results of teaching methods showed no significant role in (KE) and innovation. To remain competitive in the ever-changing economic landscape, policymakers in Saudi Arabian universities must prioritize curriculum design, infrastructure, teaching methods, policies, and skilled manpower while paying more attention to science, technology, and innovation. In addition, universities should focus on developing the skills of their graduates to meet the demands of the job market. This can be achieved by offering internships and apprenticeships, as well as providing training in soft skills such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing importance of innovation and technological advancement in stimulating economic growth, their impact on peripheral regions is not completely clear. Two contradictory effects are analysed in the literature: new growth opportunities and the tendency toward geographical concentration of innovation. This study contributes to the literature by distinguishing between the impact of the national innovation trend on the economic structure of the periphery (demand side) and its impact on the resident labour force (supply side), occupied in or out of the periphery, and by adopting and adapting the concept of a knowledge-based economy as a major measure. Using 'best-fitted' regressions on the last two decades in Israel, we found a discrepancy between demand and supply. The economic structure of the periphery (demand) shows some adaptation to national innovation trends in terms of an increased share of high-skilled occupations; however, the demand does not match the improvement of the local labour force supply. The results highlight the need for further investigation into the imbalance between the impacts on the labour demand/supply balance, ecosystem factors that influence the lower flexibility of the local economic structure, and the existence of a regional market failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]