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Compression molding is a manufacturing technique that is frequently and widely utilized in fabricating composites. However, bast fiber reinforced composites (BFRC) with good quality and high performance by compression molding are quite challenging because it is complicated to find suitable process parameters. Previous works on improving the mechanical performance of compression molded BFRCs normally considered the influence of a single process parameter and ignored the mutual effects of process parameters. To enhance the mechanical qualities of BFRCs and enlarge their applications, this paper studied the synergistic effects of two molding process parameters on the mechanical characteristics of jute reinforced polypropylene composites (jute/PP) from contour and surface plots through response surface methodology (RSM). The significance of each molding process factor on the mechanical behaviors of jute/PP was investigated by conducting the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multi-parameter co-optimization achieved the optimal mechanical performance of molded jute/PP at 186.8°C, 5.6 MPa, and 10.1 min, which was consistent with experimental findings. This suggests that response surface equations obtained from RSM can accurately characterize the relationships between mechanical characteristics and molding parameters of jute/PP. The RSM provides a useful and reliable way to find the optimal process parameters for better mechanical behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There was limited evidence on the quality of reporting and methodological quality of prediction models using machine learning methods in preterm birth. This systematic review aimed to assess the reporting quality and risk of bias of a machine learning‐based prediction model in preterm birth. Material and methods: We conducted a systematic review, searching the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disk, VIP Database, and WanFang Data from inception to September 27, 2021. Studies that developed (validated) a prediction model using machine learning methods in preterm birth were included. We used the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement and Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) to evaluate the reporting quality and the risk of bias of included studies, respectively. Findings were summarized using descriptive statistics and visual plots. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD 42022301623). Results: Twenty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria, with 24 development‐only studies and 5 development‐with‐validation studies. Overall, TRIPOD adherence per study ranged from 17% to 79%, with a median adherence of 49%. The reporting of title, abstract, blinding of predictors, sample size justification, explanation of model, and model performance were mostly poor, with TRIPOD adherence ranging from 4% to 17%. For all included studies, 79% had a high overall risk of bias, and 21% had an unclear overall risk of bias. The analysis domain was most commonly rated as high risk of bias in included studies, mainly as a result of small effective sample size, selection of predictors based on univariable analysis, and lack of calibration evaluation. Conclusions: Reporting and methodological quality of machine learning‐based prediction models in preterm birth were poor. It is urgent to improve the design, conduct, and reporting of such studies to boost the application of machine learning‐based prediction models in preterm birth in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the changes in flavor characteristics of tartary buckwheat (TB) roasting at temperatures of 160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C for 8 min were evaluated by chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), electronic nose (E-nose), and electronic tongue (E-tongue). 52 volatile compounds were identified by GC-IMS, including 9 esters, 21 aldehydes, 6 ketones, 1 lactone, 7 alcohols, 1 acid, 4 furans, 1 pyrazine, and 2 monoterpenes. 36 compounds were quantified by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and 8 volatiles with odor activity values (OAV) ＞ 1 contributed to the overall TB aroma. Notably, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine and 3,5-diethyl-2-methylpyrazine were identified as the aroma-active compounds in the 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C roasting groups. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) based on the signal intensity of the detected flavor compounds revealed the TB samples from NC and the four roasting groups could be distinguished effectively. Our results indicated that roasting substantially enhanced the overall aroma intensity of TB. Overall, 180 °C of roasting was beneficial from the flavor point of view for the obtained TB. In conclusion, our findings suggest that roasting at 180 °C is the most favorable option from a flavor perspective for achieving high-quality TB. • HS-SPME-GC-MS, GC-IMS, E-nose, and E-tongue were used to study and characterize flavor compounds of TB. • 52 VOCs were identified by GC-IMS. • 8 characteristic aroma compounds of TB were screened based on HS-SPME-GC-MS and OAV. • Pyrazines increased after roasting. • PCA successfully distinguish TB roasted at different temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To observe the clinical effect of Xiaozheng Decoction combined with bladder perfusion with hydroxycamptothecin in the treatment of bladder cancer. Methods. A total of 92 bladder cancer patients admitted to our hospital from January to December 2018 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method, with 46 cases in each group. The observation group was given Xiaozheng Decoction combined with bladder perfusion with hydroxycamptothecin, and the control group was given hydroxycamptothecin. The levels of serum-related factors (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-cadherin, cell adhesion molecules (CAM), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), white blood cell (WBC) level, immune function indexes, short-term total response rate, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results. After 2 years of postoperative treatment, the levels of ICAM-1, E-cadherin, CAM-1, FGF, and VEGF (a, b, c) in both groups were improved compared with those before treatment and the observation group was better than the control group p < 0.01 . The number of WBCs was significantly higher than in the control group after Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment. The observation group was better than the control group in increasing CD3+ and CD4+ levels and decreasing CD8+ level p < 0.05 , indicating that this prescription could improve the immune function of patients. The recurrence rate in the observation group was 6.52% after 2 years of treatment, lower than 17.39% in the control group. Color ultrasound parameters showed that there were no statistically significant differences in arrive time (AT) and time to peak (TTP) between patients with and without recurrence and peak intensity (PI) and washout time (WT) were higher in patients with recurrence than in patients without recurrence p < 0.01 . The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that of the control group p < 0.01 . Conclusion. The clinical effect of Xiaozheng Decoction combined with hydroxycamptothecin on the treatment of bladder cancer was clear and superior to that of hydroxycamptothecin, which could effectively improve the serological indicators of patients with a low incidence of adverse reactions and prolong the survival cycle of patients. Therefore, it is worthy of promotion and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To deal with the challenges caused by the weakness of wireless communication, this paper presents a distributed H∞ control strategy for platooning of automatic vehicles (AVs) connected by switching and undirected topologies. With the compensation of the powertrain nonlinearities by an inverse model, the node dynamics is described by a linear system with bounded uncertainty. Then the platoon system controlled by a distributed state-feedback controller is decomposed into multiple low order subsystems by applying the eigenvalue decomposition and linear transformation. The open gain of these subsystems dependends on the eigenvalues of the topological matrix. The sufficient condition for the H∞ performance of platoon is proved by using the invariant of signal amplitude of the linear transformation. A numerical way is further provided to solve the distributed controller by using the LMI approach. For this new synthesis method, only the bounds of the topological eigenvalues are necessary. And the designed state-feedback can control the platoon composed of disturbed nodes and interacted by uncertain even switching topologies in a satisfactory way. The effectiveness of this distributed H∞ control strategy is validated by comparative bench tests between nominal and disturbed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme fast charging in a thick electrode film is critical for high rate lithium sulfur batteries. However, the high ion-path tortuosity of most carbon/sulfur cathodes dramatically hinder their mass transport, thus leading to poor rate performance. This situation goes worse with increasing the electrode thickness. Here, we report a binder-free vertically-aligned carbon nanotube/sulfur (VACNT/S) cathode with an excellent thickness-independent mass transport and high-rate performance. Compared with a conventional disordered carbon nanotube/sulfur electrode, the highly conductive VACNTs provide directional paths for the ultrafast transfer of both lithium ions and electrons, leading to improved kinetics and a stable redox activity. The VACNT/S electrode shows an extremely high initial specific capacity of 894 mA h g−1 at a 5 C rate, and very stable charge/discharge performance with a capacity of 486.1 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles and a low capacity decay rate of 0.1% per cycle. This work demonstrates an efficient pathway for the design of electrodes for high-rate lithium sulfur batteries. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A method for identifying antibiotic mycelia residues adulterated in cottonseed meal is proposed. • The method is based on one-class partial least squares and near-infrared microspectroscopic imaging. • The characteristic bands are selected by principal component analysis. • The locations of abnormal spectra are displayed and visualized on the image of sample. Near-infrared microscopy (NIRM) technology can analyze different components within a sample while also obtaining spatial information about the sample. No rapid detection methods are available for effectively identifying antibiotic mycelia residues (AMRs) in protein feeds materials to date. In this study, the feasibility of using NIRM to identify AMRs (oxytetracycline residue, streptomycin sulfate residue and clay colysin sulfate residue) mixed in cottonseed meals was studied. The samples were scanned by NIRM, then the spectra of images were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to select characteristic bands for further identification with one-class partial least squares analysis (OCPLS). The results showed that: a) AMRs were effectively identified in cottonseed meal; b) screening characteristic bands and increasing the spectral number of the calibration set improved the identification results of the model; and c) the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and class error of the method were 100%, 95.93%, 99.01% and 2.03%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was believed that the role of synapse was simply to send information between the neural network and the other nerve cell or the neuronal cell and the muscle cell. In addition, it was thought that these compounds that were made during the development were relatively strong, as did the solder joining of two electronic components. The thrilling development in neurobiology over the last 40 years has made it possible for most synapses to be extremely plastic. They can change their strength by their own actions or activities in another way. Synaptic structures such as active region, postsynaptic density (PSD) and dendritic spine are strongly correlated with their dimensions and correlate with synaptic intensity. Synaptic plasticity controls the communication between two neurons. The power of communication between two synapses can be compared to the state of the conversation. Neuropathic pain can be classified as peripheral or central to its genesis and is divided into episodic and persistent symptoms. Episodic neuropathic pain occurs during complete remission of the symptoms, while continuous neuropathic pain is a condition for continuous acute pain. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), which has been identified functioning as an essential modulator of synaptic plasticity in the CNS development and degeneration. We hereby reviewed the role of GABA in synaptic plasticity in the context of neuropathic hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new polyoxometalate (POM)-based compound, {Cu 5 L 4 [H 3 W 12 O 40 ]} [L = 1,6-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)hexane], has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1 , there is a threefold interpenetrating metal-organic network. Furthermore, via sharing Cu cations, the metal-organic networks are fused together by [H 3 W 12 O 40 ] 5− (W 12 ) polyoxoanions to yield a novel 3D POM cluster-organic framework. Additionally, in contrast to free L ligand, compound 1 exhibits an enhanced luminescent property, attributed to an internal heavy metal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was believed that the role of synapse was simply to send information between the neural network and the other nerve cell or the neuronal cell and the muscle cell. In addition, it was thought that these compounds that were made during the development were relatively strong, as did the solder joining of two electronic components. The thrilling development in neurobiology over the last 40 years has made it possible for most synapses to be extremely plastic. They can change their strength by their own actions or activities in another way. Synaptic structures such as active region, postsynaptic density (PSD) and dendritic spine are strongly correlated with their dimensions and correlate with synaptic intensity. Synaptic plasticity controls the communication between two neurons. The power of communication between two synapses can be compared to the state of the conversation. Neuropathic pain can be classified as peripheral or central to its genesis and is divided into episodic and persistent symptoms. Episodic neuropathic pain occurs during complete remission of the symptoms, while continuous neuropathic pain is a condition for continuous acute pain. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), which has been identified functioning as an essential modulator of synaptic plasticity in the CNS development and degeneration. We hereby reviewed the role of GABA in synaptic plasticity in the context of neuropathic hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amine-catalyzed reaction between Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) acetates and isatins to provide facile access to structurally interesting 3-hydroxyoxindoles in moderate to good yields with diastereomeric ratios of 1:1 has been developed. A wide variety of isatin derivatives were tolerated under the conditions of this tandem reaction. Notably, the inert homoallylic methyl group of MBH acetate 1 was directly involved in the bond formation step, which was followed by a [4+2] annulation under mild conditions to lead to the desired products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of polysubstituted furans and dihydrofurans have been prepared from readily available oxodienes and bromonitromethane in modest to excellent yields. This facile synthetic method is developed on the basis of proprietary properties of nitro group such as strong electron-withdrawing ability and cleavability. The conversion of nitro-substituted dihydrofurans to furans is presumably realized by elimination of HNO 2 under the aid of DABCO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phosphine-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of α-substituted allenoate with exocyclic alkene moiety of oxindoles or indan-1,3-diones has been developed. Thus, under the catalysis of PPh3 (20 mol%), a series of spirooxindole- or spiroindan-1,3-dione-cyclohexenes have been obtained in moderate to excellent yields and regioselectivity from the annulations of α-methyl allenoates with 3-methyleneoxindoles or 2-methyleneindan-1,3-diones. This method offers an easy access to structurally novel spirocyclohexenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evodiamine (EVO), an important alkaloidal component extracted from the fruit of Evodiae fructus, has been known to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and other therapeutic capabilities. In the present study, the effects of EVO on zymosan-induced inflammation and its underlying mechanism were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that EVO effectively suppressed both protein and mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro. Zymosan-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was attenuated by EVO, which was achieved through inhibitory effects on the phosphorylation of inhibitory κB α and p65 nuclear translocation, but there was very little association with mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. In vivo, treatment with EVO markedly decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in plasma. EVO also repressed inflammatory cytokine expression and ameliorated the abnormal state in both lung and intestine tissues by inactivation of NF-κB. Furthermore, EVO significantly reduced the mortality caused by zymosan. In summary, these results suggested that EVO could effectively suppress inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, and may be a potential therapeutic agent against inflammatory disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality and safety of soybean meal is a key matter for the livestock breeding and food industries, since it is one of the most important and widely used protein feed raw materials. As driven by commercial interests, new illegal adulterants which are unknown to consumers and regulators emerge constantly. In order to make up for the inadequacy of traditional detection methods, a novel non-targeted adulterant screening method based on a near-infrared microscopy spectral library of soybean meal is proposed. This study focused on the feasibility of non-targeted screening methods for the detection of adulteration in soybean meal. Six types of non-protein nitrogen were taken as examples and partial least squares discriminant analysis was employed to verify the feasibility of this novel method. The results showed that the non-targeted screening method could screen out adulterations in soybean meal with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was applied to construct a hybrid model for the non-invasive detection of protein content in different types of plant feed materials. In total, 829 samples of plant feed materials, which included corn distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn germ meal, corn gluten meal, distillers’ dried grains (DDG) and rapeseed meal, were collected from markets in China. Based on the different preprocessed spectral data, specific models for each type of plant feed material and a hybrid model for all the materials were built. Performances of specific model and hybrid model constructed with full spectrum (full spectrum model) and selected wavenumbers with VIP (variable importance in the projection) scores value bigger than 1.00 (VIP scores model) were also compared. The best spectral preprocessing method for this study was found to be the standard normal variate transformation combined with the first derivative. For both full spectrum and VIP scores model, the prediction performance of the hybrid model was slightly worse than those of the specific models but was nevertheless satisfactory. Moreover, the VIP scores model obtained generally better performances than corresponding full spectrum model. Wavenumbers around 4500 cm-1, 4664 cm-1 and 4836 cm-1 were found to be the key wavenumbers in modeling protein content in these plant feed materials. The values for the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and the relative prediction deviation (RPD) obtained with the VIP scores hybrid model were 1.05% and 2.53 for corn DDGS, 0.98% and 4.17 for corn germ meal, 0.75% and 6.99 for corn gluten meal, 1.54% and 4.59 for DDG, and 0.90% and 3.33 for rapeseed meal, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate that the protein content in several types of plant feed materials can be determined using a hybrid near-infrared spectroscopy model. And VIP scores method can be used to improve the general predictability of hybrid model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Varieties and origins had a significant impact on the metabolic characteristics of quinoa and were closely related to lipid, polyphenol, and amino acid substances. • When the degree of boiling was the same, the texture properties of white and red quinoa were better than those of black quinoa. • The differences in the contents of quercetin, kaempferol and its derivatives, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, prostaglandin, glutathione, 5-aminovaleric acid, etc., among quinoa varieties and origins was extremely significant. • The effects of varieties on lipids were greater than those on polyphenol and amino acid substances. The nutrition and functionality of Chenopodium quinoa Willd are closely related to its components; however, these properties vary widely in different varieties of C. quinoa Willd from different origins. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE HF HRMS) for metabolomics analysis, we performed nontargeted metabolomics analysis of C. quinoa Willd of different color varieties and origins and evaluated the texture characteristics after cooking. Both the variety and origin significantly affected the metabolic characteristics of C. quinoa Willd. The differences in the composition and texture properties were closely related to the lipid, amino acid, and polyphenol contents. The contents of kaempferol, catechol, myricetin 7-(6′-galloside), tyrosine, prostaglandin I2, and glutathione in white, red, and black quinoa significantly differed, and the variety had a greater effect on the lipid content than on the polyphenol and amino acid contents. At the same processing level, the texture properties of white and red quinoa were better than those of black quinoa. Furthermore, the contents of differential polyphenols and amino acids in Gansu white quinoa were higher than those in quinoa from the other three producing areas. The contents of differential polyphenols and terpenoids in Inner Mongolia white quinoa were relatively low, whereas in Shanxi white quinoa, the contents of differential amino acids were relatively low and those of differential terpenoids were relatively high. The levels of quercetin and its derivatives, kaempferol and its derivatives, 9-HODE, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, prostaglandin H2, glutathione, 5-aminovaleric acid, and other compounds significantly differed in quinoa from different origins; thus, these compounds can be used as metabolic markers to identify the origin of quinoa. The texture properties of white quinoa from Qinghai and Inner Mongolia were better than those of white quinoa from Gansu and Shanxi. Although C. quinoa Willd can tolerate harsh environments, its grain quality varies widely. Cultivating C. quinoa Willd varieties according to local conditions is important for improving their yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a non-traditional sample matrix, feather samples can be used to effectively monitor antibiotic addition and organismal residue levels in poultry feeding. Therefore, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine the residue levels of 26 quinolones in poultry feathers. The feather samples were extracted by sonication with a 1% formic acid and acetonitrile mixture in a water bath at 50 °C for 30 min, purified by the adsorption of multiple matrix impurities, dried with nitrogen, redissolved, and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and precision were calculated. The 26 antibiotics demonstrated good linearity in the linear range. The recoveries and coefficients of variation were 78.9–110% and <13.7% at standard spiked levels of 10, 100 and 200 μg/kg, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were 0.12–1.31 and 0.96–2.60 μg/kg, respectively. The method also successfully identified quinolone residues in 50 poultry feather samples. The results showed that quinolones can accumulate and stabilize for a certain period of time after transferring from the body to the feathers of poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A Cu 2 O-Ag/AF-C 3 N 4 surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate was prepared. • The substrate exhibited high sensitivity and reproducibility. • The substrate can rapidly and simultaneously detect different illegal drugs. Illegal additives can bring the economic benefit, resulting in the continuous irregularities in the use of illegal additives. In this study, a method for rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous detection of multiple illegal additives including enrofloxacin, malachite green, nitrofurazone, and Sudan Ⅰ in feed and food samples by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with Cu 2 O-Ag/AF-C 3 N 4 composite substrate was developed. A Cu 2 O-Ag/AF-C 3 N 4 composite substrate was prepared by reacting Cu 2 O modified by AF-C 3 N 4 nanosheets with AgNO 3 solution. The substrate has a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.29 × 10-6 mg/L, a good linear relationship of between 10-6 and 10-2 mg/L, and an R2 value of 0.95 for Rhodamine B detection. Furthermore, the substrate showed high uniformity and reproducibility, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 6.74% and 4.85%, respectively. Adding AF-C 3 N 4 nanosheets not only increased the enhancement effect of the substrate, which was 4.4 times of that before addition, but also endowed it with good self-cleaning characteristics owing to its excellent photocatalytic activity. The substrate can be reused, with over 80% of the original Raman signal strength remaining after four repeat uses. The SERS based on the above substrate was used to detect the illegal additives, the LOD of enrofloxacin, malachite green, nitrofurazone, and Sudan Ⅰ can reach 4.67 × 10-4 mg/L, 2.57 × 10-5 mg/L, 5.7 × 10-7 mg/L and 6.92 × 10-5 mg/L. The results reveal that this substrate has great application potential in feed and food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managinginterfacial instability is crucial for enhancing cyclabilityin lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), yet little attention has been devotedto this issue until recently. Here, we introduce graphene as an interfaciallayer between the current collector and the anode composed of Si nanowires(SiNWs) to improve the cycling capability of LIBs. The atomicallythin graphene lessened the stress accumulated by volumetric mismatchand inhibited interfacial reactions that would accelerate the fatigueof Si anodes. By simply incorporating graphene at the interface, wedemonstrated significantly enhanced cycling stability for SiNW-basedLIB anodes, with retentions of more than 2400 mAh/g specific chargecapacity over 200 cycles, 2.7 times that of SiNWs on a bare currentcollector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a promising technique that can replace the time-consuming and destructive plate count method. In this study, growth models of Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) in pork using the plate count method and HSI were established. Hyperspectral information extracted by three different methods was used for the growth simulation of P. fluorescens. The Baranyi model in combination with the Ratkowsky square-root model (BRSR model) and the Huang model in combination with the Ratkowsky square-root model (HRSR model) for P. fluorescens in pork were directly constructed using a one-step method. Results showed that the correlation coefficients between the growth models established using HSI and the plate count method were high, ranging from 0.952–0.999. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R a 2) of simulation models reached 0.974, and the growth parameters obtained were consistent with those obtained using the plate count method. This study demonstrated that HSI may be potentially used as a new predictive microbial modeling technique in the future. • Characteristics HSI information was used for growth simulation. • One-step method was performed for growth models. • Growth parameters for P. fluorescens in pork could be well described using HSI. • Correlation between models built by HSI and plate count method was above 0.952. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis, the leading cause of mortality in intensive care unit, is characterized by hyperinflammatory response in the early stage and followed by a period of immunosuppression. This immune disorder is believed to be the potent factor that is tightly associated with high mortality in sepsis. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as professional antigen-presenting cells that play a vital role in immune response by activating T lymphocytes. During the progression of sepsis, DCs have been reported to take part in the aberrant immune response and be necessary for survival. Therefore, a better understanding of the DCs pathology will be undoubtedly beneficial for resolving the problems occurring in sepsis. This review discusses effects of sepsis on DCs number and function, including surface molecules expression, cytokines secretion, and T cell activation, and the underlying mechanism as well as some potential therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human solute carrier (SLC26) family of anion transporters consists of 10 members (SLCA1-11, SLCA10 being a pseudogene) that encode membrane proteins containing ~12 transmembrane (TM) segments with putative N-glycosylation sites (-NXS/T-) in extracellular loops and a COOHterminal cytosolic STAS domain. All 10 members of the human SLC26 family, FLAG-tagged at the NH2 terminus, were transiently expressed in HEK-293 cells. While most proteins were observed to contain both high-mannose and complex oligosaccharides, SLC26A2 was mainly in the complex form, SLC26A4 in the high-mannose form, and SLC26A8 was not N-glycosylated. Mutation of the putative N-glycosylation sites showed that most members contain multiple N-glycosylation sites in the second extracytosolic (EC) loop, except SLC26A11, which was N-glycosylated in EC loop 4. Immunofluorescence staining of permeabilized cells localized the proteins to the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum, with SLC26A2 highly localized to the plasma membrane. N-glycosylation was not a necessary requirement for cell surface expression as the localization of nonglycosylated proteins was similar to their wild-type counterparts, although a lower level of cell-surface biotinylation was observed. No immunostaining of intact cells was observed for any SLC26 members, demonstrating that the NH2-terminal FLAG tag was located in the cytosol. Topological models of the SLC26 proteins that contain an even number of transmembrane segments with both the NH2 and COOH termini located in the cytosol and utilized N-glycosylation sites defining the positions of two EC loops are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multireference approach (CASSCF/CASPT2) combined with the contracted with atomic natural orbital (ANO-RCC-VTZP) basis set has been used to investigate systematically, the low-lying electronic states of (CH3)2CHS in Cs symmetry. The result of geometry optimization using CASSCF/ANO-RCC-VTZP shows that the theoretically determined geometric parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies for the ground state X2A′ of (CH3)2CHS are in good agreement with previous studies. In addition, we also explored several cationic states adiabatically and found that the 11A′ state of (CH3)2CHS+ is unstable and converts to (CH3)2CSH+. The vertical and adiabatic ionization energies were obtained to compare with photoelectron spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impairment in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions results in dysregulation of vascular homeostasis and dysfunction of the endothelium under diabetic conditions. Improving EPC function has been considered as a promising strategy for ameliorating diabetic vascular complications. Liraglutide has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. However, the effects and mechanisms of liraglutide on EPC dysfunction remain unclear. The capability of liraglutide in promoting blood perfusion and angiogenesis under diabetic conditions was evaluated in the hind limb ischemia model of diabetic mice. The effect of liraglutide on the angiogenic function of EPC was evaluated by cell scratch recovery assay, tube formation assay, and nitric oxide production. RNA sequencing was performed to assess the underlying mechanisms. Liraglutide enhanced blood perfusion and angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb of db/db mice and streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally, liraglutide improved tube formation, cell migration, and nitric oxide production of high glucose (HG)-treated EPC. Assessment of liraglutide target pathways revealed a network of genes involved in antioxidant activity. Further mechanism study showed that liraglutide decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and increased the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 deficiency attenuated the beneficial effects of liraglutide on improving EPC function and promoting ischemic angiogenesis under diabetic conditions. Moreover, liraglutide activates Nrf2 through an AKT/GSK3β/Fyn pathway, and inhibiting this pathway abolished liraglutide-induced Nrf2 activation and EPC function improvement. Overall, these results suggest that Liraglutide represents therapeutic potential in promoting EPC function and ameliorating ischemic angiogenesis under diabetic conditions, and these beneficial effects relied on Nrf2 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MIR is more effective than NIR to determine the caprolactam content in sauces. • Three data fusion methods were used for quantify caprolactam. • Model for caprolactam detection in sauces was developed with R p 2 of 0.9961. In this study, we aimed to quantify caprolactam content in sauce-based food using near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics and data fusion strategy. Sauce-based food samples with different caprolactam levels were prepared. Partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM) regression models were developed based on NIR and MIR spectral data. The high-level fusion model showed the best performance for quantifying caprolactam for sauces, with square of correlation coefficient of prediction (R p 2) in range of 0.9929−0.9990 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) in range of 1.0794–2.9303 mg kg−1. Finally, a comprehensive model of caprolactam content in sauces was established with R p 2 of 0.9961 and RMSEP of 2.1505. These findings indicated that a combination of NIR and MIR spectroscopy as high-level fusion strategy can achieve rapid, non-destructive, and accurate quantification of caprolactam content in sauces and hence can be used for monitoring the safety of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A method for identifying antibiotic mycelia residues adulterated in different protein feed and self-prepared feed. • The ATR-IR spectra of AMRs had characteristic peaks related to calcium oxalate hydrate formed during antibiotic production. • Microscopic infrared imaging can distinguish OR in the fermented protein feed and self-prepared feed with complex components. • The complementary advantages of ATR-IR and microscopic infrared imaging can provide guarantee for feed quality safety and even food quality safety. The Antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR) contains antibiotic residue, there are safety risks if it is used illegally in feed. This study investigated the feasibility of qualitative identification of AMR in protein feed and self-prepared feed based on attenuated total reflection mid-infrared spectrum (ATR-IR) and microscopic infrared imaging. Cottonseed meal (CM), soybean meal (SM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), nucleotide residue (NR), oxytetracycline residue (OR) and streptomycin sulfate residue (SR) and two self-prepared feed (broiler and pig) were used as research objects. The results showed that there were characteristic peaks at 1614 cm−1, 1315 cm−1, 779 cm−1, 514 cm−1 in the ATR-IR spectra of AMR, which were related to calcium oxalate hydrate. After detection, the content of total calcium and calcium oxalate in AMR were higher than those in protein feed. ATR-IR can quickly realize the qualitative discrimination of pure material samples. The combination of ATR-IR and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was effective in discriminating AMR from CM and SM with a single component (the classification errors were 0), but it cannot meet the discrimination of AMR from the fermented protein feed (such as DDGS and NR, the classification errors were 0.10 and 0.12) and self-prepared feed with complex components. Compared with ATR-IR, microscopic infrared imaging was less affected by the sample complexity. Multi-component samples belong to physical mixing and will not affect the infrared spectra of each component. Therefore, microscopic infrared imaging combined with effective information extraction algorithms such as cosine similarity can distinguish OR in the fermented protein feed and self-prepared feed. The above results showed that the advantages of ATR-IR and microscopic infrared imaging were complementary, which provided a new idea for the discrimination analysis of illegal feed additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work demonstrates the process of building optoelectrically cooperative surface wetting in smart and precise way. The superhydrophobic photosensitive film is constructed with TiO2 nanotube arrays. Compared with conventional organic dyes, CdS quantum dots (QDs) as sensitizer layer are modified on TiO2 nanotubes surface to improve photosensitivity of the composited surface in visible light region, which offer the benefit for designing and fabricating solid state hetero-junction devices. ITO glass is introduced as top electrode to apply electrical and optical stimuli and the patterned wetting is instantly obtained with masking light through ITO. The optoelectrically cooperative wettability conversion occurred on superhydrophobic TiO2 nanotube surface at critical voltage of 12V, which was decreased by 18V comparing with only using electric stimulus. This study provides potential applications for TiO2 nanotube arrays to the associated research of liquid reprography, location-controlled microfluidic device and lab-on-chip. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: ZnO and ZnS composited tri-crystal nanoribbons were fabricated by one-step thermal evaporation of ZnS and CuO powders. The tri-crystal nanoribbons have typical length of about 10μm and width of 100–300nm. The tri-crystal nanoribbon was composed of three intersected nanoribbons by 120°, which had a thickness of 50nm with a growth direction along [10–10]. The rough nanoribbon contained several grains and the averaged elemental enrichment of Zn:O:S was 1:0.72:0.28. The tri-crystal nanoribbons exhibited three emission peaks at room temperature, which are associated to band gap and defect emissions of ZnO and ZnS. This 3D composited nanocrystal has potential applications in optoelectronics and energy-harvesting devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important mediator for cross talk between nutritional signals and metabolic signals of insulin by downregulating insulin receptor substrate proteins. Therefore, mTOR inhibition could become a therapeutic strategy in insulin-resistant states, including insulin resistance induced by burn. We tested this hypothesis in the rat model of 30% TBSA full thickness burn, using the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Rapamycin (0.4mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 2h before euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps at 4 days after burn. IRS-1, phospho-serine307, phospho-tyrosine of IRS-1 and phospho-mTOR in muscle tissue were determined by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis or immunohistochemistry. Plasma TNF-α, insulin and C-peptide were determined before and after euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps. Our data showed that TNF-α, insulin and C-peptide significantly increased in the early stage after burn (P <0.01). The infused rates of total 10% glucose (GIR, mg/kgmin) significantly decreased at 4 days after burn. The level of IRS-1 serine307 phosphorylation in muscle in vivo significantly increased after burn (P <0.01), while insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 significantly decreased (P <0.01). Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR, reduced serine307 phosphorylation, elevated tyrosine phosphorylation and partly prevented the decrease of GIR after burn. However, TNF-α, insulin and C-peptide were not decreased by rapamycin treatment postburn. Taken together, these results indicate that the mTOR pathway is an important modulator of the signals involved in the acute regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism, and at least, partly contributes to burn-induced insulin resistance. mTOR inhibition may become a therapeutic strategy in insulin-resistant states after burn. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The advantages of object-based classification over the traditional pixel-based approach are well documented. However, the potential limitations of object-based classification remain less explored. In this letter, we assess the advantages and limitations of an object-based approach to remote sensing image classification relative to a pixel-based approach. We first quantified the negative impacts of under-segmentation errors on the potential accuracy of object-based classification by developing a new segmentation accuracy measure. Then we evaluated the advantages and limitations of object-based classification by quantifying their overall effects relative to pixel-based classification, with respect to their classification units and features at multiple segmentation scales. The results based on a QuickBird satellite image indicate that (1) segmentation accuracies decrease with increasing segmentation scales and the negative impacts of under-segmentation errors become significantly large at large scales and (2) there are both advantages and limitations in using object-based classification, and their trade-off determines the overall effect of object-based classification, which is dependent on the segmentation scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn wound excision and grafting is a common clinical practice that decreases patient morbidity and mortality. It is not known, however, if the salutary effects of this procedure are related to effects on interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α, and to reducing insulin resistance after burn. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, burn, burn±excision groups. Rats in burn group were given a third-degree scald burn covering 30% total body surface area (TBSA) and no wound excision. Rats in burn±excision group were subjected to a 30% third-degree burn followed by complete excision and allografting of the injury site within 15min after burn. The rats in control group were treated in the same manner as the burn group, except that they were immersed in a room-temperature water. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were observed at 3 days after burn, euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps were performed at 4 days after burn and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α were determined after euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased after burn. Significant differences in GTT were observed between control and burn groups, and the rate of glucose infused measured in burned rats was significantly decreased compared with that in control at 4 days after burn. Early excision and grafting significantly decreased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and further reduced insulin resistance following thermal injury compared with burn group. Conclusion: Early excision and grafting appeared to have an effect on inflammatory mediators and further reduced insulin resistance induced by major burns. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Foam core sandwich composites in conjunction with various facings composed of glass, stitching glass, carbon, carbon/Kevlar hybrid, and Kevlar fabric were fabricated by using RTM process; and low-velocity impact performance was studied at three energy levels. This article proposes that the damage extent of foam core sandwich construction may be characterized by the average damage angle, penetration depth, and maximal cracking width. The results show that the foam core samples with Kevlar facing are optimal for the peak load at load versus time plot, the shortest history course and the lowest impact damage extent at 25 J; the range of average damage angle of Kevlar facing samples is biggest at 90-678, and the range of maximal cracking width and penetration depth of Kevlar facing samples are smallest: one is at 4.5-15.5 mm, the other is at 16.8-18.0mm at 25, 45, and 70 J. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cooperative dual-responsive polypeptide surface switching between superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic states is presented. This macroscopic phenomenon of surface originates from the combination of the cooperative unfolding/aggregation of the poly-l-lysine (PLL) immobilized on the substrate with micro/nanocomposite structure in response to pH and temperature. At pH lower than the pKaof PLL (∼11.0), PLL mainly adopts a random coil conformation, which corresponds to the superhydrophilic state on the rough surface substrate. Raising the pH to higher than the pKaallows the appearance of α-helix conformation, which also corresponds to the hydrophilic state. However, heating up the surface at pH higher than the pKadestabilizes the α-helix conformation and induces the formation of aggregated β-sheet structures, which represents the superhydrophobic state. Lowering the pH and temperature simultaneously switches a reversible conversion from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic states. In the switching process, the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity can be “memorized” due to the cooperative pH and temperature stimuli-induced unfolding/aggregation behaviors of PLL. This provides a new exciting prospect for understanding surface properties of polypeptides and the design of smart material surfaces with potential applications in nanodevices, bioseparation, and biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Keggin- and Wells-Dawson-type polyoxometalate-based organic-inorganic hybrid copper-organonitrogen complexes have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions: [CuI(4,4'-bpy)]2[H2SiW12O40] ⋅ 2H2O (4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) (1) and [image omitted] (en =ethylenediamine), and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, TGA, XRD, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1, [Cu(4,4'-bpy)]+ cations form polymeric chains [image omitted] and a weak Cu-O linkage makes the anions situate between two chains, forming an infinite 1-D ladder-chain structure. Such 1-D ladder-chains are further interconnected via hydrogen bonding into a 3-D supramolecular framework. Compound 2 with covalently bonded 3-D structure consists of saturated Wells-Dawson tungstoarsenate polyoxoanions and copper complexes with two types (rigid and flexible) of ligands. The polyoxoanion has the highest connectivity for Wells-Dawson tungstoarsenate polyoxoanion coordination polymers to date. XPS spectra indicate that three W atoms in the Dawson unit were reduced and that there coexist CuI and CuII in 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foam core sandwich composites with various facings composed of glass, carbon woven, carbon/Kevlar hybrid, and Kevlar fabrics were fabricated by using RTM process, as well as the through-thickness stitched sandwich samples with glass fabrics; and impact performance was studied at three energy levels. This article proposes that the damage extent of foam core sandwich construction may be characterized by the average damage angle, penetration depth, and maximal cracking width. The results show that the foam core samples with Kevlar facing are optimal for the peak load at load-time plots and the lowest impact damage extent at the same energy level. Compared to the unstitched samples, the average damage angle of stitched samples increases by 48%, the maximal cracking width and penetration depth of stitched samples decrease by 67% and 4% at 25J impact energy level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production performance and forage quality of 20 maize varieties were comprehensively evaluated from 2021 to 2022, aiming at screening out silage maize varieties suitable for planting in Anding district or similar areas. In 2021, the agronomic traits and forage yield of 20 tested maize varieties were measured, including plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, single plant weight, ear length, ear diameter, and row number per ear. The nutritional components were comprehensively analyzed by membership function method, and the tested varieties were comprehensively evaluated by combining forage relative feeding value (RFV) and forage grading index (GI). Xingzhu 88, Xianyu 1321, Zhongnongda 2118, Jingke silage 516, Jingke 968, Jingjiu silage 16, Tongkang 1, Jingke silage 932, and Xianyu 1225 were preliminarily screened. In 2022, the nine selected varieties were further comprehensively evaluated by the same method. The results showed that Jingke silage 932, Jingke silage 516, Jingjiu silage 16, and Xingzhu88 had good adaptability, excellent agronomic characters and yield, and high relative feeding value, which were suitable for popularization and planting in Anding district or similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Switchable ion channels that are made of membrane proteins play different roles in cellular circuits. Since gating nanopore channels made of proteins can only work in the environment of lipid membrane, they are not fully compatible to the application requirement as a component of those nanodevice systems in which lipid membranes are hard to establish. Here we report a synthetic nanopore-DNA system where single solid-state conical nanopores can be reversibly gated by switching DNA motors immobilized inside the nanopores. High- (on-state) and low- (off-state) conductance states were found within this nanopore-DNA system corresponding to the single-stranded and i-motif structures of the attached DNA motors. The highest gating efficiency indicated as current ratio of on-state versus off-state was found when the length of the attached DNA molecule matched the tip diameter of the nanopore well. This novel nanopore-DNA system, which was gated by collective folding of structured DNA molecules responding to the external stimulus, provided an artificial counterpart of switchable protein-made nanopore channels. The concept of this DNA motor-driven nanopore switch can be used to build novel, biologically inspired nanopore machines with more precisely controlled functions in the near future by replacing the DNA molecules with other functional biomolecules, such as polypeptides or protein enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inorganic-organic hybrid compound {[Cu(phen)3]2PW11VO40 · 2H2O (1) has been hydrothermally prepared and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR, CV, TG, magnetic susceptibility measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 27.232(2) Å, b = 25.351(2) Å, c = 16.2748 (4) Å, β = 105.20°, V = 10842.3 Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0490 and wR2 = 0.1362. The structure of 1 exhibits a three-dimensional supramolecular network, formed by hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking interactions. The three-dimensional network consists of one-dimensional honeycomb channels, which accommodate free water molecules. The size of the channel is 10.4 × 10.4 Å. Electrochemistry of 1 shows it undergoes three one-electron reversible redox processes. Variable-temperature magnetic measurements show typical antiferromagnetic interactions in the 2-300 K temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorylation of a conserved tyrosine residue located in the kinase domain of Raf family proteins can serve as a mechanism of Raf activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two new Keggin polyoxometalate (POM)-based compounds combined copper metal complexes have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions: {[CuI(bipy)2·(H2O)2]4}·{[SiW12O40]2}·{(H2bipy)2(bipy)2}·8H2O (1) (bipy=4,4′-bipyridine) and {CuI(bipy)2·(H2O)2}·{CuI(bipy)2}[H2SiW12O40]·20H2O (2), and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, EPR, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Two compounds are all based on [SiW12O40]4− Keggin building block and synthesized under the same reaction condition, only different pH values. The copper complex cations of compound 1 and 2 construct covalently 2D square grid structure, furthermore, the 2D square grids are held together into a three-dimensional supramolecular network through hydrogen-bonding interactions, whereas Keggin anions are sited in 3D square grid channels alternately. The results show that the pH value of the reaction system plays a crucial role in structural control of self-assembled processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A novel uranyl complex with dimeric lacunary polyoxoanion like open-mouthed clam, Na5[A-α-SiW9O33H3)2K{UO2(H2O)}2], was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the anion, two A-α-SiW9O3310- groups share two terminal oxygen atoms Od' derived from removal of three corner-shared W atoms from saturated α-Keggin anion, forming a dimeric anion with an open mouth in which potassium ion and uranyl ions are coordinated. Uranium atom adopts a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry. The coordinating anions are linked by sodium ions via coordination of terminal or bridging oxygen atoms, forming two-dimensional layer arrangement. Between the layers are the hydrogen bonds from which a supramolecular architecture is created. UV-VIS spectrum gives W-O and U-O charge transfer transitions at 230-265 and 432 nm, showing the change of geometry of the polyanion and weakening of the U-O bonds of the uranyl cation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps following a 30% TBSA full thickness third degree burn in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 160–170g received 30% TBSA full thickness third degree burn by immersing the back of trunk for 12s in a boiling water bath under anesthesia. Weight- and time-matched sham burn group (control) was treated in the same manner as the trauma group, except that they were immersed in a room-temperature water bath. After 12h overnight fasting, plasma insulin concentration was determined by ELISA using rat-insulin enzyme immunoassay kit (SPI-BIO) and blood glucose was assayed by glucose analyzer at 3 days after burn. Insulin sensitivity index was calculated by using slightly modified formula. The rat was injected with 5% glucose (2g/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) to observe the change of glucose tolerance at 3 days after burn. Euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps were performed at 4 days after burn. Insulin sensitivity index of burn group was significantly reduced compared with control group at 3 days after burn (0.58±0.23 versus 1.23±0.16, P <0.01). The significant difference of glucose tolerance was observed between the two groups and the glucose infused rate measured in burned rats was significantly decreased compared with that in control at 4 days after injury (7.23±1.35 versus 12.31±0.54, P <0.01). Conclusion: Burn causes the significant change of glucose metabolism and results in insulin resistance in rats. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new neutral α-Keggin polyoxometalate, [{Cu(phen)2}2SiW12O40] (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound is monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 26.065(5), b = 11.867(2), c = 23.385(5) Å, β = 113.78(3)°, V = 6619 Å3, Z = 4. X-ray analysis showed that both [Cu(phen)2]2+ units are supported on the α-Keggin polyoxoanion [SiW12O40]4- via the surface bridging and terminal oxygen atoms of two non-adjacent WO6 octahedra; these show unusual coordination environments. One Cu ion displays distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry and the other square pyramidal. The unusual coexistence of complexes with different geometries is most likely caused by steric effects involving surface oxygen atoms of the heteropolytungstate and phen, which prevent the presence of a sixth coordinating atom. Weak π-π stacking interactions between phen groups give a 1D chain-like structure and hydrogen bonds are responsible for extended 2D and 3D motifs in the crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the expression and regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by sera from severely burned patients.DESIGN Controlled laboratory study.SETTINGS Research laboratory in a university hospital.SUBJECTS HUVECs.INTERVENTIONS HUVECs were incubated with serum from eight healthy controls and eight patients with thermal injuries of >50% total body surface area. The experiment was repeated after pretreatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitory effect on nuclear factor-κB activation, SB203580, a specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, and PD98059, a mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Protein and messenger RNA expression of VCAM-1 was measured by flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction respectively. Soluble VCAM-1 level in HUVECs culture supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera from severely burned patients showed a stimulatory effect on VCAM-1 messenger RNA levels and an increased VCAM-1 expression on the endothelial cell surfaces. The soluble form of VCAM-1 molecules was also elevated by the stimulation of burn sera. In vitro peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes adherence to HUVECs incubated with burn sera was significantly increased compared with those incubated with control sera. Finally, these events were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with antioxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or SB203580, whereas PD98059 had no significant effect.CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that sera from severely burned patients induced up-regulation of VCAM-1 expressions in HUVECs, and this process might be largely dependent on oxidant-mediated nuclear factor-κB activation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research on the design and development of an epidermal electronic system for continuous monitoring and acquisition of human physiological information. Topics explored include the selection of carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films for the system due to their mechanical flexibility and electrical properties, the integrated flexible flash memory array of the system for physiological data storage, and the health care and clinical applications of the epidermal system.

Studies the changes in cardiac contractile function and myocardial intercellular calcium levels after burn trauma. Mechanical performance of perfused hearts; Myocardial energy metabolism; Calculated left ventricular developed pressure.

[Display omitted] • A novel photocatalyst (D-cys/Au NPs-TiO 2 , DAT) was successfully fabricated. • The highest degradation rate of DAT for chlorpyrifos reaches 96.7%. • The degradation pathway of OPPs involved oxidation of P = S, cleavage of O-P and C-O. • This study provides a potential approach to remove OPPs in fruits and vegetables. The widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in foods, poses a serious threat to human and environmental health, it is crucial to develop methods that can efficiently degrade residual OPPs. Herein, a chiral TiO 2 photocatalyst was developed by modification TiO 2 with D-cys/Au NPs (DAT) for the simultaneous degradation of four OPPs (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, malathion, and parathion) by natural light. The influence of D-Au NPs concentration on the degradation process was optimized, along with the initial pesticide concentration. Under optimal conditions, the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of DAT for four OPPs were 96.7 %, 56.9 %, 42.6 %, and 49.2 %, respectively, after 12 h of natural light exposure. 12 degradation products of OPPs were identified, among which three products were identified for the first time. The degradation pathway revealed that the degradation of OPPs by DAT involves the oxidation of the P═S bond and the cleavage of the P-O bond and C-O bond. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for applying chiral TiO 2 nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of OPPs in foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions between proteins and polysaccharides can be used to design food ingredients with potential functional properties. However, the effects of the products formed through different interactions on the gut microbiota remain unclear. In this study, the functional properties and gut microbiota regulation of whey protein isolate (WPI), gum Arabic (GA), their physical mixture (WPI-GA-M) and Maillard conjugates (WPI-GA-C) were investigated in vitro , aiming to understand the effects of protein-polysaccharide conjugation on gut microbiota and to promote the potential applications of conjugates in the food industry. The results showed that WPI-GA-C prepared by Maillard reaction showed improved antioxidant, emulsifying, and anti-inflammatory properties than WPI, GA and WPI-GA-M. Moreover, WPI-GA-C showed unique effects in regulating the gut microbiota by significantly increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroides eggerthii and B. ovatus and enriching the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and other amino acids metabolism. In brief, the conjugates showed better functional properties with the potential to improve human health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. [Display omitted] • Maillard reaction confers unique properties to protein-polysaccharide conjugates. • Whey protein isolate-gum Arabic conjugates (WPI-GA-C) showed improved bioactivities. • Bacteroides eggerthii and Bacteroides ovatus were enriched by WPI-GA-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]