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Although graph-databases have been assuming an increasing relevance in applications that exhibit strong dependability requirements, including tolerance to malicious faults, few works have addressed Byzantine fault tolerance in this particular context, and previous attempts suffer from lack of flexibility and poor performance. This article describes and evaluates Fireplug, a flexible architecture to build robust geo-replicated graph databases. Fireplug can be configured to tolerate from crash to Byzantine faults, both within and across different datacenters. Furthermore, Fireplug is robust to bugs in existing graph database implementations, as it allows to combine multiple graph database instances in a cohesive manner. Thus, Fireplug can support many different deployments, according to the performance/robustness trade-offs imposed by the target application. Our evaluation shows that Fireplug is able implement Byzantine fault tolerance without penalty when compared to the built-in replication mechanism of Neo4j, which only supports crash faults. Additionally, performance optimizations introduced by Fireplug improve the overall performance by up to 900 percent in geo-replicated scenarios.

International audience; The advent of next-generation genome sequencing technologies has allowed approaching the sequencing and analysis of large and complex conifer genomes. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is an economically and ecologically important conifer species widely distributed in South-West Europe, which shows a significant genetic and adaptive variability. This chapter takes on the task of reviewing the insights into the maritime pine genome sequencing breakthrough and its impact on downstream analysis. Maritime pine genome sequencing and assembly approaches are described along with the impact of related tools. A section of the state-of-the-art research on comparative, functional, structural, and translational genomics aimed at dissecting the genetic basis and the specific regulation of biological processes underlying the expression of traits of interest in maritime pine and other conifers is also described. Perspectives about the impact of these tools as well as additional research approaches are discussed.

The Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect is a method that allows us to measure the orbital obliquity of planets, which is an important constraint that has been used to understand the formation and migration mechanisms of planets, especially for hot Jupiters. In this paper, we present the RM observation of the Neptune-sized long-period transiting planet HIP41378 d. Those observations were obtained using the HARPS-N/TNG and ESPRESSO/ESO-VLT spectrographs over two transit events in 2019 and 2022. The analysis of the data with both the classical RM and the RM Revolutions methods allows us to confirm that the orbital period of this planet is 278 days and that the planet is on a prograde orbit with an obliquity of $\lambda$ = 57.1+26.4-17.9 degrees, a value which is consistent between both methods. HIP41378 d is the longest period planet for which the obliquity was measured so far. We do not detect transit timing variations with a precision of 30 and 100 minutes for the 2019 and 2022 transits, respectively. This result also illustrates that the RM effect provides a solution to follow-up from the ground the transit of small and long-period planets such as those that will be detected by the forthcoming ESA's PLATO mission., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

We present the discovery and characterization of a transiting sub-Neptune orbiting with a 16.20 day period around a nearby (28 pc) and bright(V=8.37) K0V star HD207897 (TOI-1611). This discovery is based on photometric measurements from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS) mission and radial velocity (RV) observations from the SOPHIE, Automated Planet Finder (APF) and HIRES high precision spectrographs. We used EXOFASTv2 for simultaneously modeling the parameters of the planet and its host star, combining photometric and RV data to determine the planetary system parameters. We show that the planet has a radius of 2.50+/-0.08 RE and a mass of either 14.4+/-1.6 ME or 15.9+/-1.6 ME with nearly equal probability; the two solutions correspond to two possibilities for the stellar activity period. Hence, the density is either 5.1+/-0.7 g cm^-3 or 5.5^{+0.8}_{-0.7} g cm^-3, making it one of the relatively rare dense sub-Neptunes. The existence of such a dense planet at only 0.12 AU from its host star is unusual in the currently observed sub-Neptune (2, Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication in the A&A journal; comments welcome

CHEOPS Consortium: V. Bourrier et al., Much remains to be understood about the nature of exoplanets smaller than Neptune, most of which have been discovered in compact multi-planet systems. With its inner ultra-short period planet b aligned with the star and two larger outer planets d-c on polar orbits, the multi-planet system HD 3167 features a peculiar architecture and offers the possibility to investigate both dynamical and atmospheric evolution processes. To this purpose we combined multiple datasets of transit photometry and radial velocimetry (RV) to revise the properties of the system and inform models of its planets. This effort was spearheaded by CHEOPS observations of HD 3167b, which appear inconsistent with a purely rocky composition despite its extreme irradiation. Overall the precision on the planetary orbital periods are improved by an order of magnitude, and the uncertainties on the densities of the transiting planets b and c are decreased by a factor of 3. Internal structure and atmospheric simulations draw a contrasting picture between HD 3167d, likely a rocky super-Earth that lost its atmosphere through photo-evaporation, and HD 3167c, a mini-Neptune that kept a substantial primordial gaseous envelope. We detect a fourth, more massive planet on a larger orbit, likely coplanar with HD 3167d-c. Dynamical simulations indeed show that the outer planetary system d-c-e was tilted, as a whole, early in the system history, when HD 3167b was still dominated by the star influence and maintained its aligned orbit. RV data and direct imaging rule out that the companion that could be responsible for the present-day architecture is still bound to the HD 3167 system. Similar global studies of multi-planet systems will tell how many share the peculiar properties of the HD 3167 system, which remains a target of choice for follow-up observations and simulations., This work has been carried out in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). D. E. acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation for project 200021_200726. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project SPICE DUNE, grant agreement No 947634; project FOUR ACES, grant agreement 724427; project SCORE, grant agreement No 851555). CHEOPS is an ESA mission in partnership with Switzerland with important contributions to the payload and the ground segment from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The CHEOPS Consortium would like to gratefully acknowledge the support received by all the agencies, offices, universities, and industries involved. Their flexibility and willingness to explore new approaches were essential to the success of this mission. A. C. C. acknowledges support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. S. G. S. acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contract nr. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). A. C. C. and T. G. W. acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant numbers ST/R000824/1 and ST/V000861/1, and UKSA grant number ST/R003203/1. Y. A., M. J. H. and J. A. E. acknowledge the support of the Swiss National Fund under grant 200020_172746. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grants ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, PGC2018-098153-B-C31, ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R, MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu-Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. The MOC activities have been supported by the ESA contract No. 4000124370. S. C. C. B. acknowledges support from FCT through FCT contracts nr. IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004. X. B., S. C., D. G., M. F. and J. L. acknowledge their role as ESA-appointed CHEOPS science team members. A. Br. was supported by the SNSA. This project was supported by the CNES. The Belgian participation to CHEOPS has been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the PRODEX Program, and by the University of Liège through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. L. D. is an F. R. S.-FNRS Postdoctoral Researcher. This work was supported by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacão by these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113, PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953, PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987, O. D. S. D. is supported in the form of work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) funded by national funds through FCT. B. -O. D. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P2-190080). R. D. H. is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)’s Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant number ST/V004735/1). M. F. and C. M. P. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (DNR 65/19, 174/18). D. G. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the CRT foundation under Grant No. 2018.2323 “Gaseous or rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds”. M. G. is an F.R.S.-FNRS Senior Research Associate. S. H. gratefully acknowledges CNES funding through the grant 837319. K. G. I. is the ESA CHEOPS Project Scientist and is responsible for the ESA CHEOPS Guest Observers Programme. She does not participate in, or contribute to, the definition of the Guaranteed Time Programme of the CHEOPS mission through which observations described in this paper have been taken, nor to any aspect of target selection for the programme. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of MesoPSL financed by the Region Île-de-France and the project Equip@Meso (reference ANR-10-EQPX-29-01) of the programme Investissements d’Avenir supervized by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche. M. L. acknowledges support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2_194576. PM acknowledges support from STFC research grant number ST/M001040/1. GSc, GPi, IPa, LBo, VNa and RRa acknowledge the funding support from Italian Space Agency (ASI) regulated by “Accordo ASI-INAF n. 2013-016-R.0 del 9 luglio 2013 e integrazione del 9 luglio 2015 CHEOPS Fasi A/B/C”. This work was also partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127). I. R. I. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grant PGC2018-098153-B- C33, as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. Gy. M. Sz. acknowledges the support of the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grant K-125015, a PRODEX Institute Agreement between the ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and the European Space Agency (ESA-D/SCI-LE-2021-0025), the Lendület LP2018-7/2021 grant of the Hungarian Academy of Science and the support of the city of Szombathely. V.V.G. is an F.R.S-FNRS Research Associate. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Some of the observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument ‘Alopeke obtained under Gemini LLP Proposal Number: GN/S-2021A-LP-105. ‘Alopeke was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. Alopeke was mounted on the Gemini North (and/or South) telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF’s OIR Lab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea).

International audience

Climate and weather conditions influence energy demand. as well as electricity generation, especially due to the strong development of renewable energy. The changes of the European energy mix, together with ongoing climate change, raise a number of questions on impact on the electricity sector. In this paper we present results for the whole of the European power sector regarding on how considering current and future climate variability affects the results of a TIMES energy system model for the whole European power sector (eTIMES-EU) up to 2050. For each member-state we consider six climate projections to generate future capacity factors for wind, solar and hydro power generation. as well as temperature impact on electricity demand for heating and cooling. These are input into the eTIMES-EU model to assess how climate affects the optimal operation of the power system and if current EU-wide RES and emissions target deployment may be affected. Results show that although at EU-wide level there are no substantial changes, there are significant differences in countries RES deployment (especially wind and solar) and in electricity trade.

Aim Temperate forests are currently facing multiple stresses due to climate change, biological invasions, habitat fragmentation and fire regime change. How these stressors interact with each other influences how, when and whether ecosystems recover, or whether they adapt or transition to a different ecological state. Because forest recovery or collapse may take longer than a human lifetime, predicting the outcomes of different stressor combinations remains difficult. A clearer vision of future forest trajectories in a changing world may be gained by examining collapses of forests in the past. Here, we use long-term ecological data to conduct a post-mortem examination of the decline of maritime pine forests (Pinus pinaster Ait.) on the SW Iberian Peninsula 7000-6500 years ago. Location Portugal and Spain. Methods We compared four palaeoecological records-two with pine declines and two without-using a multiproxy approach. Bioclimatic differences between the four sites were explored. Proxies for past vegetation and disturbance (fire and grazing) were compared with independent palaeoclimatic records. We performed functional traits analysis and used phase plots to examine the causes of pine decline. Results The pine decline represents a critical transition in SW Iberia, which lies close to maritime pine's bioclimatic limits. Prolonged drought likely killed trees and suppressed the fires that normally stimulate pine germination and pinewood recovery. Increased grazing pressure facilitated the rapid spread of resprouter shrubs. These competed with pine trees and ultimately replaced them. Our data highlight complex interactions between climate, fire, grazing and forest resilience. Main Conclusions The pine decline occurred at least a century after post-fire resprouters overtook obligate seeders in the vegetation, constituting an early-warning signal of forest loss. Fire suppression, resprouter encroachment and grazing may threaten the persistence of Mediterranean forests as droughts become more frequent and extreme. PTDC/AAC--CLI/108518/2008 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International audience; A numerical simulation of the upper atmosphere of Venus is carried out with an improved version of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) full-physics Venus General Circulation Model (GCM). This simulation reveals the organization of the atmospheric circulation at an altitude above 80 km in unprecedented detail. Converging flow towards the antisolar point results in supersonic wind speeds and generates a shock-like feature past the terminator at altitudes above 110 km. This shock-like feature greatly decreases nightside thermospheric wind speeds, favoring atmospheric variability on a hourly timescale in the nightside of the thermosphere. A 5-day period Kelvin wave originating in the cloud deck is found to substantially impact the Venusian upper atmosphere circulation. As the Kelvin wave impacts the nightside, the poleward meridional circulation is enhanced. Consequently, recombined molecular oxygen is periodically ejected to high latitudes, explaining the characteristics of the various observations of oxygen nightglow at 1,27 µm. An analysis of the simulated 1,27µm oxygen nightglow shows that it is not necessarily a good tracer of the upper atmospheric dynamics, since contributions from chemical processes and vertical transport often prevail over horizontal transport. Moreover, dayside atomic oxygen abundances also vary periodically as the Kelvin wave momentarily decreases horizontal wind speeds and enhances atomic oxygen abundances, explaining the observations of EUV oxygen dayglow. Despite the nitrogen chemistry not being currently included in the IPSL Venus GCM, the apparent maximum NO nightglow shifted towards the morning terminator might be explained by the simulated structure of winds.

WOS:000600321500002; International audience; Maritime spatial planning (MSP) is a governance approach that has been applauded for its promise to reconcile human uses and conservation, and is now widely implemented in member states of the European Union (EU), as well as in other countries in the Global North, like Canada, the United States and Australia. Five years ago, very few countries in the Global South seemed to be engaged in MSP. The Atlantic Ocean assumes the status of a major ecosystem and has geopolitical importance in the context of EU and is even more strengthened by the long-term political cooperation with the Tropical Atlantic countries regarding maritime affairs. The PADDLE project (EU RISE) aims to assess, in a north-south context, precisely how countries on the "Atlantic Boarder", namely Senegal, Cape Verde and Brazil, encompass this trend towards MSP within their legal, institutional and political frameworks, following blue economy options and blue growth strategies. This contribution is an updated output of an international PADDLE project expert assessment, held in Brazil in February 2019, following two years of research. It intends to summarize the main conclusions on the state of the art and MSP prospects in the Tropical Atlantic, also referring to the ongoing MSP process in several EU countries. Political, legal and institutional frameworks enhancing MSP were presented and future trends for tropical MSP governance discussed.

An improved high-resolution ground-to-thermosphere version of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) Venus General Circulation Model (VGCM), including non-orographic gravity waves (GW) parameterization and fine-tuned non-LTE parameters, is presented here. We focus on the validation of the model built from a collection of data mostly from Venus Express experiments and coordinated ground-based telescope campaigns, in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere of Venus. These simulations result in an overall better agreement with temperature observations above 90 km, compared with previous versions of the VGCM. Density of CO2 and light species (CO and O) are also comparable with observations in terms of trend and order of magnitude. Systematic biases in the temperature structure are found at about 80-100 km and above 130 km at the terminator, possibly due to assumptions on the CO2 mixing ratio made for stellar/solar occultation retrievals and uncertainties on the collisional rate coefficients used in the non-LTE parameterization, respectively. Diurnal and latitudinal distribution of dynamical tracers are also analyzed. Overall, our simulations indicate that a weak westward retrograde wind is present up to about 120 km, producing the CO bulge displacement toward 2h-3h in the morning, instead of piling up at the anti-solar point, as for an idealised SS-AS circulation. This retrograde imbalance is suggested to be produced by perturbations of about 5 days Kelvin wave impacting the mesosphere up to 110 km (see the companion paper Navarro et al. 2021), combined with GW westward acceleration mostly above 110 km. On the whole, these model developments point to the importance of the inclusion of the lower atmosphere, higher resolution and finely tuned parameterizations in GCM of the Venusian upper atmosphere, in order to shed light on existing observations., Comment: Icarus (2021), in press, 24 pages, 17 Figures

Asteroids are involved in understanding several key issues in Solar System science and the space environment of our planet, such as the conditions of the Solar System during its formation, the delivery of water and organic molecules to Earth, the potential danger of NEA and their role in affecting Earth's climate.Stellar occultation events are a unique opportunity to obtain from the ground very accurate asteroid astrometry, close to the performance of Gaia, and shapes/sizes. When an asteroid hides the light of a star, the uncertainty of its instantaneous position can be similar to that of the target star. By exploiting the accuracy of Gaia DR2 on both asteroids and stars, stellar occultation prediction and exploitation becomes an effective method to systematically collect asteroid astrometry.The improvement of predictions through Gaia DR2 is proven via statistics of real predictions and comparison between stellar occultation predictions with Gaia DR2 for asteroids and other, such as Astorb and MPCORB, to verify which fit better to observed chords of past occultations.At the same time, asteroid occultations can offer the possibility to confirm or discover double stars, in a range of small angular separations very complementary to the resolution accessible to Gaia itself. We will present statistics and simulations showing the improvement expected in the prediction of asteroid occultations thanks to Gaia astrometry, in particular regarding the smaller uncertainties on the proper motion of target stars.Through a bayesian approach, the Bayesian Inference Method (BIM), we determine in the parameter space (duration; centre epoch; flux drop; star brightness) the domain of detectable events from a single site. Our study prepares the exploitation of the 0.5-m robotic telescope at "Plateau de Calern" (Southern France) UniversCity, for which we determine the range of asteroid size and star brightness that we expect to reach. This facility will start operations after this work is over. The results obtained regarding the performance were compared with the previously used method to deriving all the relevant parameters (Least Squares Fit), with false positive signals to determine when these are most likely, and with several real observations, to verify the viability of this new method.After this work simulating the expected performance of UniversCity with the available equipment, the plan is to apply these limitations to predicted events and maximize the efficiency of the telescope's use. For that end, and accounting for all these factors, a survey was made to estimate how many events would be observable with a robotic telescope in a 1-year period with the current star and asteroid catalogues. To account for improvements in the asteroid uncertainties thanks to Gaia, for each event we checked what the impact on the likelihood would be if the asteroid had an uncertainty 2, 5, 10 or 20 times smaller, and results for each regime were compiled.We also analyzed the data of the 14 099 asteroids present DR2, how this impacted the semi-major axis (a) uncertainty, and how that would translate into improvements on stellar occultation predictions. This was made for two different weighting schemes, the one used for AstDyS (Farnocchia et al.) and one developed by the team, using observation residuals and occultations from the past to verify that the new weighting scheme would bring an improvement.Thanks to the collaboration with several astronomers, 16 observations were made throughout this work, with the three positives being analyzed with the new bayesian approach, which was also used for a few other observations where the photometric data was shared.; Les astéroïdes participent à la compréhension de plusieurs problèmes clés liés à la science du système solaire et à l’environnement spatial de notre planète, tels que les conditions du système solaire lors de sa formation, l’apport d’eau et de molécules organiques sur la Terre, le danger potentiel des astéroïdes proches de la Terre et leur rôle dans l’influence du climat de la Terre.Les occultations stellaires sont une occasion unique d’obtenir du sol une astrométrie astéroïde très précise, proche de la performance de Gaia, ainsi que des formes pour les astéroïdes. Lorsqu’un astéroïde cache la lumière d’une étoile, l’incertitude de sa position instantanée peut être similaire à celle de l’étoile cible. En exploitant la précision de Gaia DR2 sur les astéroïdes et les étoiles, la prédiction et l’exploitation des occultations stellaires deviennent une méthode efficace pour collecter systématiquement l’astrométrie des astéroïdes.L’amélioration des prévisions via Gaia DR2 est prouvée par des statistiques de prévisions réelles et une comparaison entre les prédictions d’occultations stellaires avec Gaia DR2 pour les astéroïdes et autres données, comme Astorb et MPCORB, afin de vérifier lesquelles correspondent le mieux aux cordes observées d’occultations passées.En même temps, les occultations d’astéroïdes peuvent offrir la possibilité de confirmer ou de découvrir des étoiles doubles, dans une gamme de petites séparations angulaires très complémentaires de la résolution accessible à Gaia elle-même. Nous présentons des statistiques et des simulations montrant l’amélioration attendue de la prédiction des occultations d’astéroïdes grâce à l’astrométrie de Gaia, en particulier en ce qui concerne les incertitudes plus petites sur le mouvement propre des étoiles cibles.Par une approche bayésienne, le Modèle d’Inférence bayésienne, nous déterminons dans l’espace des le domaine des événements détectables à partir d’un site unique. Notre étude prépare l’exploitation du télescope robotique de 0,5 m UniversCity dans le "Plateau de Calern" (sud de la France), pour lequel nous déterminons l’étendue de la taille de l’astéroïde et de la luminosité de l’étoile que nous espérons atteindre. Cette installation ne sera pas opérationnelle qu’après le fin de ce travail. Les résultats obtenus concernant la performance du système sont comparés avec le méthode utilisé avant (Moindres Carrés), avec des signaux faux positifs, pour déterminer quand ils sont plus probables, et avec des observations réelles, pour vérifier la viabilité de de nouveau méthode.Après ce travail de simulation des performances attendues d’UniversCity avec le matériel disponible, il est prévu d’appliquer ces limitations aux événements prévus et d’optimiser l’efficacité de l’utilisation du télescope. Avec cet objectif, et compte tenu de tous ces facteurs, on a fait une estimation du nombre d’événements qui peuvent être observés pendant un période d’1 année avec les catalogues actuels d’étoiles et d’astéroïdes. Pour prendre en compte les améliorations des incertitudes des astéroïdes grâce à Gaia, pour chaque événement, on a vu l’impact sur ça probabilité si l’incertitude de l’astéroïde soit 2, 5, 10 ou 20 fois plus petite, et les résultats sont compilés pour chaque régime.Nous avons aussi analysé les données de DR2 pour les 14 099 astéroïdes sur le catalogue, comment ça impacte leur incertitude du demi-axe majeur, et comment ça change les prévisions d’occultations stellaires. Ça a été fait pour 2 méthodes de pondération, ce qui est utilisé dans AstDyS et un autre développé par l’équipe de Nice. En utilisant des résidus d’observation et occultations archivées, on a vérifié si ce nouveau méthode améliore les orbites.Grâce a des collaborations avec plusieurs astronomes, 16 observations ont été faîtes pendant ce travail, avec 3 occultations positives analysées par le méthode bayésien, qui a été utilisé aussi pour des autres observations avec les données de photométrie partagés avec nous

Asteroids are involved in understanding several key issues in Solar System science and the space environment of our planet, such as the conditions of the Solar System during its formation, the delivery of water and organic molecules to Earth, the potential danger of NEA and their role in affecting Earth's climate.Stellar occultation events are a unique opportunity to obtain from the ground very accurate asteroid astrometry, close to the performance of Gaia, and shapes/sizes. When an asteroid hides the light of a star, the uncertainty of its instantaneous position can be similar to that of the target star. By exploiting the accuracy of Gaia DR2 on both asteroids and stars, stellar occultation prediction and exploitation becomes an effective method to systematically collect asteroid astrometry.The improvement of predictions through Gaia DR2 is proven via statistics of real predictions and comparison between stellar occultation predictions with Gaia DR2 for asteroids and other, such as Astorb and MPCORB, to verify which fit better to observed chords of past occultations.At the same time, asteroid occultations can offer the possibility to confirm or discover double stars, in a range of small angular separations very complementary to the resolution accessible to Gaia itself. We will present statistics and simulations showing the improvement expected in the prediction of asteroid occultations thanks to Gaia astrometry, in particular regarding the smaller uncertainties on the proper motion of target stars.Through a bayesian approach, the Bayesian Inference Method (BIM), we determine in the parameter space (duration; centre epoch; flux drop; star brightness) the domain of detectable events from a single site. Our study prepares the exploitation of the 0.5-m robotic telescope at "Plateau de Calern" (Southern France) UniversCity, for which we determine the range of asteroid size and star brightness that we expect to reach. This facility will start operations after this work is over. The results obtained regarding the performance were compared with the previously used method to deriving all the relevant parameters (Least Squares Fit), with false positive signals to determine when these are most likely, and with several real observations, to verify the viability of this new method.After this work simulating the expected performance of UniversCity with the available equipment, the plan is to apply these limitations to predicted events and maximize the efficiency of the telescope's use. For that end, and accounting for all these factors, a survey was made to estimate how many events would be observable with a robotic telescope in a 1-year period with the current star and asteroid catalogues. To account for improvements in the asteroid uncertainties thanks to Gaia, for each event we checked what the impact on the likelihood would be if the asteroid had an uncertainty 2, 5, 10 or 20 times smaller, and results for each regime were compiled.We also analyzed the data of the 14 099 asteroids present DR2, how this impacted the semi-major axis (a) uncertainty, and how that would translate into improvements on stellar occultation predictions. This was made for two different weighting schemes, the one used for AstDyS (Farnocchia et al.) and one developed by the team, using observation residuals and occultations from the past to verify that the new weighting scheme would bring an improvement.Thanks to the collaboration with several astronomers, 16 observations were made throughout this work, with the three positives being analyzed with the new bayesian approach, which was also used for a few other observations where the photometric data was shared.; Les astéroïdes participent à la compréhension de plusieurs problèmes clés liés à la science du système solaire et à l’environnement spatial de notre planète, tels que les conditions du système solaire lors de sa formation, l’apport d’eau et de molécules organiques sur la Terre, le danger potentiel des astéroïdes proches de la Terre et leur rôle dans l’influence du climat de la Terre.Les occultations stellaires sont une occasion unique d’obtenir du sol une astrométrie astéroïde très précise, proche de la performance de Gaia, ainsi que des formes pour les astéroïdes. Lorsqu’un astéroïde cache la lumière d’une étoile, l’incertitude de sa position instantanée peut être similaire à celle de l’étoile cible. En exploitant la précision de Gaia DR2 sur les astéroïdes et les étoiles, la prédiction et l’exploitation des occultations stellaires deviennent une méthode efficace pour collecter systématiquement l’astrométrie des astéroïdes.L’amélioration des prévisions via Gaia DR2 est prouvée par des statistiques de prévisions réelles et une comparaison entre les prédictions d’occultations stellaires avec Gaia DR2 pour les astéroïdes et autres données, comme Astorb et MPCORB, afin de vérifier lesquelles correspondent le mieux aux cordes observées d’occultations passées.En même temps, les occultations d’astéroïdes peuvent offrir la possibilité de confirmer ou de découvrir des étoiles doubles, dans une gamme de petites séparations angulaires très complémentaires de la résolution accessible à Gaia elle-même. Nous présentons des statistiques et des simulations montrant l’amélioration attendue de la prédiction des occultations d’astéroïdes grâce à l’astrométrie de Gaia, en particulier en ce qui concerne les incertitudes plus petites sur le mouvement propre des étoiles cibles.Par une approche bayésienne, le Modèle d’Inférence bayésienne, nous déterminons dans l’espace des le domaine des événements détectables à partir d’un site unique. Notre étude prépare l’exploitation du télescope robotique de 0,5 m UniversCity dans le "Plateau de Calern" (sud de la France), pour lequel nous déterminons l’étendue de la taille de l’astéroïde et de la luminosité de l’étoile que nous espérons atteindre. Cette installation ne sera pas opérationnelle qu’après le fin de ce travail. Les résultats obtenus concernant la performance du système sont comparés avec le méthode utilisé avant (Moindres Carrés), avec des signaux faux positifs, pour déterminer quand ils sont plus probables, et avec des observations réelles, pour vérifier la viabilité de de nouveau méthode.Après ce travail de simulation des performances attendues d’UniversCity avec le matériel disponible, il est prévu d’appliquer ces limitations aux événements prévus et d’optimiser l’efficacité de l’utilisation du télescope. Avec cet objectif, et compte tenu de tous ces facteurs, on a fait une estimation du nombre d’événements qui peuvent être observés pendant un période d’1 année avec les catalogues actuels d’étoiles et d’astéroïdes. Pour prendre en compte les améliorations des incertitudes des astéroïdes grâce à Gaia, pour chaque événement, on a vu l’impact sur ça probabilité si l’incertitude de l’astéroïde soit 2, 5, 10 ou 20 fois plus petite, et les résultats sont compilés pour chaque régime.Nous avons aussi analysé les données de DR2 pour les 14 099 astéroïdes sur le catalogue, comment ça impacte leur incertitude du demi-axe majeur, et comment ça change les prévisions d’occultations stellaires. Ça a été fait pour 2 méthodes de pondération, ce qui est utilisé dans AstDyS et un autre développé par l’équipe de Nice. En utilisant des résidus d’observation et occultations archivées, on a vérifié si ce nouveau méthode améliore les orbites.Grâce a des collaborations avec plusieurs astronomes, 16 observations ont été faîtes pendant ce travail, avec 3 occultations positives analysées par le méthode bayésien, qui a été utilisé aussi pour des autres observations avec les données de photométrie partagés avec nous

Lopez, U., Trujillo, L., Silva, S., Vanneschi, L., & Legrand, P. (2020). Unlabeled multi-target regression with genetic programming. In GECCO 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (pp. 976-984). (GECCO 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3377930.3389846 Machine Learning (ML) has now become an important and ubiquitous tool in science and engineering, with successful applications in many real-world domains. However, there are still areas in need of improvement, and problems that are still considered difficult with off-the-shelf methods. One such problem is Multi Target Regression (MTR), where the target variable is a multidimensional tuple instead of a scalar value. In this work, we propose a more difficult variant of this problem which we call Unlabeled MTR (uMTR), where the structure of the target space is not given as part of the training data. This version of the problem lies at the intersection of MTR and clustering, an unexplored problem type. Moreover, this work proposes a solution method for uMTR, a hybrid algorithm based on Genetic Programming and RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC). Using a set of benchmark problems, we are able to show that this approach can effectively solve the uMTR problem. authorsversion published

We produced an anatomically and dielectrically realistic phantom of the axillary region to enable the experimental assessment of Axillary Lymph Node (ALN) imaging using microwave imaging technology. We segmented a thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) scan and created a computer-aided designed file containing the anatomical configuration of the axillary region. The phantom comprises five 3D-printed parts representing the main tissues of interest of the axillary region for the purpose of microwave imaging: fat, muscle, bone, ALNs, and lung. The phantom allows the experimental assessment of multiple anatomical configurations, by including ALNs of different size, shape, and number in several locations. Except for the bone mimicking organ, which is made of solid conductive polymer, we 3D-printed cavities to represent the fat, muscle, ALN, and lung and filled them with appropriate tissue-mimicking liquids. Existing studies about complex permittivity of ALNs have reported limitations. To address these, we measured the complex permittivity of both human and animal lymph nodes using the standard open-ended coaxial-probe technique, over the 0.5 GHz&ndash, 8.5 GHz frequency band, thus extending current knowledge on dielectric properties of ALNs. Lastly, we numerically evaluated the effect of the polymer which constitutes the cavities of the phantom and compared it to the realistic axillary region. The results showed a maximum difference of 7 dB at 4 GHz in the electric field magnitude coupled to the tissues and a maximum of 10 dB difference in the ALN response. Our results showed that the phantom is a good representation of the axillary region and a viable tool for pre-clinical assessment of microwave imaging technology.

To investigate the amount of data recently acquired by the Venus Express (VEx) and Akatsuki missions as well as from ground-based telescopes, Venus Global Climate Models (GCM) are powerful tools. Our understanding of the Venusian climate has increased with recent progresses with these models.The IPSL Venus GCM has been used recently to investigate all regions of the Venusian atmosphere, as it covers the surface up to the thermosphere (150 km). It involves a photochemical module with a simplified cloud scheme that enables the study of the composition and the coupling with the upper atmosphere, where composition plays a crucial role on the non-LTE and EUV heating processes. Other relevant physical processes in the thermosphere (e.g. molecular diffusion and thermal conduction) are taken into account. Below 100 km, the infrared energy budget is computed based on a Net Exchange Rate formalism. The cold collar structure has been modeled when taking into account the latitudinal distribution of the cloud structure. Globally averaged profiles (e.g spatially and temporally) extracted from the state-of-the-art IPSL Venus GCM provide realistic templates of the atmosphere of Venus. VEx observations revealed a more variable atmosphere than expected, in particular the “transition” region (~70-120 km) between the retrograde superrotating zonal flow and the day-to-night circulation showed latitude and day-to-day variations of temperature up to 80 K above 100 km at the terminator, and apparent zonal wind velocities measured around 96 km on the Venus nightime highly changing in space and time. Those variations are not fully explained by current 3D models and specific processes (e.g. gravity wave propagation, thermal tides, large scale planetary waves) responsible for driving them are still under investigation. The role of convectively-generated gravity waves and their impact on zonal wind and temperature in the region of aerobraking can be explored with the IPSL-VGCM, thanks to the inclusion of a stochastic non-orographic gravity waves parameterization, based on the Earth GCM. Data-model comparison of distribution of dynamical tracers above the clouds (e.g O2(1Δ) nightglow, CO and O density) will be crucial to shed a light on a region where no direct wind measurements are available.Akatsuki’s LIR camera revealed the presence of planetary-scale mountain waves at the cloud top in the afternoon. Simulations of the upper atmosphere suggest that mountain waves can easily reach the upper atmosphere, to polar latitudes and the nightside, thus affecting atmospheric dynamics as high as 130 km.

A big challenge of sustainable power systems is the integration of climate variability into the operational and long-term planning processes. In this paper, we focus on the run-of-river based hydropower generation on a European scale. In particular, we deal with the modeling of this form of power production based on climate variables. Translating time series of climate data (precipitation and air temperature) into time series of run-of-river based hydropower generation is not an easy task as it is necessary to capture the complex relationship between the availability of water and the generation of electricity. Indeed, this kind of electricity generation is limited by the flow of the river in which the power plants are located. Moreover, the water flow is a nonlinear function of the climate variables and the geographical characteristics of the river basins. Finally, the impact of the climate variables on the runoff may occur with a certain delay, whose determination depends on physically based phenomena (e.g., melting snow-local temperature). In this work, we first compare well-established machine learning regression algorithms to be used for modeling the run-of-river hydropower generation. Then, the technique showing to have the best performance is used for producing long-term estimates of hydropower capacity factors based on future climate scenarios for each European country.

Small intra-plate volcanic islands (total height above seafloor

The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the integration of land use change (LUC) in regional climate models (RCMs) and to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe: two idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo, which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This results in a winter warming effect, with values ranging from +0.2 to +1 K on average over Scandinavia depending on models. However, there are also a number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a widespread cooling from forestation (well below −2 K in most regions), a widespread warming (around +2 K or above in most regions) or a mixed response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of uncertainty in summer. Atmospheric processes, such as changes in incoming radiation due to cloud cover feedbacks, also influence the simulated response in most seasons. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended consequences of LUC on regional climates.

International audience; The target of this study is the Fogo Island in Cape Verde, where the hazards (caldera and/or flank collapse) and the timing (120 ka or younger?) are still controversial. Using high-resolution DEM, field geological and structural analysis, and high-precision K-Ar dating, we produced an age-calibrated volcanic stratigraphy of Fogo’s summit (Chã das Caldeiras, for the last ca. 220 ka). From this, we infer the following evolution and associated processes: (1) the Fogo Volcano formed during seven stages of construction and partial destruction; (2) three flank collapses can be recognised, the biggest of which occurred between 60 and 43 ka; (3) this collapse occurred retrogressively, producing at least two distinct collapse blocks; (4) the innermost collapse was only partial, forming a flat step where a new volcano (Pico do Fogo) grew and formed the Chã das Caldeiras (literally Flat of the Calderas); (5) the removal of the buttressing eastern flank by the outermost collapse can be responsible for the seemingly “caldera” structure; (6) the growing load of the young volcano can produce a new flank failure following the innermost fault; (7) the young and closely spaced collapse ages here reported indicate a significant risk for the inhabitants of Fogo, in particular, and for the whole Cape Verde archipelago (and Atlantic seaboard) if a tsunami is produced by a future catastrophic flank collapse.

Naturally and artificially breached tidal inlets can promote fast morphological changes along the adjacent detrital barriers, as they evolve in response to the contemporaneous wave regime. Inlet migration results in downdrift barrier erosion, while updrift sand accumulation and concomitant barrier extension are commonly observed. This study addresses the performance of placement of a sandfill designed to create an artificial dune along the updrift tip of a sand barrier aiming to constrain inlet migration, stabilize its location and reduce sand transfers from the ocean into the lagoon induced by storm overtopping of the barrier. Herein, we investigate the patterns of inlet drifting and processes regulating the progressive loss of efficiency of this soft engineering solution. We show that, besides updrift inlet migration, which occurs with temporary reversal of the prevailing direction of drift currents, meandering of the ebb-channels that envelop the flood delta is quite effective in triggering or enhancing erosion of the updrift barrier tip in periods when the inlet main channel is migrating in the opposite direction. This additional erosional process, which acts along the back-barrier facade, is responsible for the increase of the erosion rate of the artificial dune and regardless of the direction of wave-induced drift direction of the inlet. This finding discloses the relevance of taking into account not only the oceanic processes (waves) but also processes operating on the lagoonal side of the barriers in future engineering operations designed for tidal inlet management.

International audience; Hydro power production strictly depends on the geography and weather peculiarity of locations where power plants are settled. In this paper, we produce long term estimates of hydro power capacity factors for all European countries based on future climate scenarios. We use machine learning techniques for formalizing models able to capture the complex relation between climate variables and energy production on a European scale and use the results of regional and global climate models for future projections.

In this work, we aimed to understand the biological activity and the mechanism of action of three polymer-'ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl' conjugates (RuPMC) and a low molecular weight parental compound (Ru1) in cancer cells. Several biological assays were performed in ovarian (A2780) and breast (MCF7, MDA-MB-231) human cancer derived cell lines as well as in A2780cis, a cisplatin resistant cancer cell line. Our results show that all compounds have high activity towards cancer cells with low IC50 values in the micromolar range. We observed that all Ru-PMC compounds are mainly found inside the cells, in contrast with the parental low molecular weight compound Ru1 that was mainly found at the membrane. All compounds induced mitochondrial alterations. PMC3 and Ru1 caused F-actin cytoskeleton morphology changes and reduced the clonogenic ability of the cells. The conjugate PMC3 induced apoptosis at low concentrations comparing to cisplatin and could overcame the platinum resistance of A2780cis cancer cells. A proteomic analysis showed that these compounds induce alterations in several cellular proteins which are related to the phenotypic disorders induced by them.Our results suggest that PMC3 is foreseen as a lead candidate to future studies and acting through a different mechanism of action than cisplatin. Here we established the potential of these Ru compounds as new metallodrugs for cancer chemotherapy., This work was financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, FCT) within the scope of projects UID/QUI/00100/2013 and PTDC/QUI-QIN/28662/2017. This work was supported by the strategic program UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P. and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI). Andreia Valente acknowledges the COST action CM1302 (SIPs), the Investigator FCT2013 Initiative for the project IF/01302/2013 (acknowledging FCT, as well as POPH and FSE - European Social Fund) and the Royal Society of Chemistry's Research Fund. Pierre Falson and Elisabeta Comsa warmly acknowledge Thibault Andrieu from the cytometry plateau of SFR bioscience -UMS 3444- at Lyon-Gerland, France for assistance on CytoF. This work was also supported by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network: FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN proposal no 317297 - acronym GLYCOPHARM and PITN-GA-2012-317297. The high resolution mass spectrometer at CIRE-PAIB was financed (SMHART project no3069) by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Conseil Regional du Centre, the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) and the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm).

We characterized the transport pathways of pharmaceuticals released from wastewater outfalls in one of Europe’s largest estuarine systems (Tagus estuary, Portugal), to identify areas of ecological relevance prone to environmental degradation due to increased exposure to these emerging contaminants. Particle source, Lagrangian trajectories and arrivals over time (1, 6, and 10 days) were used as a proxy to determine the exposure potential and vulnerability of different habitats to an array of pharmaceuticals with different environmental degradation rates and half-lives. Then, exposure potential was combined with information on sensitive habitats to identify vulnerable areas in the estuary. Three different freshwater inflow scenarios were considered simulating Medium flow, No flow and flood conditions (High flow). Model results for areas with higher particle density were concordant with concentration hotspots of pharmaceuticals. Higher potential exposure in a larger area of the estuary was observed for the High freshwater flow; yet reduced particles export to adjacent coastal areas highlights the potential of estuaries and bays as particle sinks. In all modeled scenarios, vulnerable areas were predominantly located in the southern bays up to day 6, and later in eastern areas, which include a nature reserve. These areas are largely composed of intertidal soft substratum and salt marshes habitats, and thus warrant prioritization for monitoring and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals exposure in the Tagus estuary due to the higher risk of exposure of a wealth of vertebrate and invertebrate species that use them. This framework allowed the identification of vulnerable areas to pharmaceutical contamination and can be a valuable instrument to plan the location for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in estuaries and coastal areas.

Coastal areas have been increasingly affected by human activities, marine pollution and climate change are among the most important pressures affecting these environments. Human-induced pressures occur in a cumulative way and generate additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects. Knowledge on synergistic effects is crucial to coastal zone management, since they may imply a change in human uses of these systems, as well as dedicated action plans in order to reduce hazards and environmental risks. In this work, we provide an overview of the available literature on synergistic effects between climate change and chemical pollution, and discuss current knowledge, methodological approaches, and research gaps and needs. Interactions between these two pressures may be climate change dominant (climate change leads to an increase in contaminant exposure or toxicity) or contaminant-dominant (chemical exposure leads to an increase in climate change susceptibility), but the mechanistic drivers of such processes are not well known. Results from a few meta-analyses studies and reviews showed that synergistic interactions tend to be more frequent compared to additive and antagonistic ones. However, most of the studies are individual-based and assess the cumulative effects of a few contaminants individually in laboratory settings together with few climate variables, particularly temperature and pH. Nevertheless, a wide diversity of contaminants have already been individually tested, spanning from metals, persistent organic pollutants and, more recently, emergent pollutants. Population and community based approaches are less frequent but have generated very interesting and more holistic perspectives. Methodological approaches are quite diverse, from laboratory studies to mesocosm and field studies, or based on statistical or modelling tools, each with their own potential and limitations. More holistic comparisons integrating several pressures and their combinations and a multitude of habitats, taxa, life-stages, among others, are needed, as well as insights from meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

Modern fault-tolerant distributed architectures can be configured to tolerate a wide-range of faults. For instance, Fireplug is a distributed BFT graph database, based on n-version programming, that can be configured to tolerate crash or Byzantine faults, uncorrelated faults in individual machines, correlated faults that affect all replicas running a given software version, or correlated faults that affect an entire datacenter. Interestingly, in such a system, fault handling heavily depends on the type of faults the system is configured to tolerate. To hardwire all possible behaviours in the fault-handling code is inflexible and may even be impractical. In this paper, we explore a different alternative that consists in specifying not only the system configuration, but also the fault-handling behaviour, and how the system adapts to changes in the workload, in a policy language, that is processed externally to the managed system. We show that, using this approach, a single simplified codebase of the managed system can be used effectively to address a wide range of dependability constraints.

International audience; The S. Jorge Island in the Azores lies on a peculiar setting, the southern shoulder of the Terceira Rift (TR), which raises a series of questions that we address in this study. We first established the main volcanic stratigraphy by recognizing, in the field, the main unconformities/discontinuities and their meaning (major erosion surfaces and faults), then we collected critical samples, and finally dated them by K/Ar to calibrate the stratigraphy and the age of inferred large-scale flank collapses. Based on field, geochronological and marine geophysical data: (1) we found much older rocks in S. Jorge than in previous studies (ca. 1.85 Ma), and established a new volcanic stratigraphy (from bottom to top): Old Volcanic Complex (ca. 1.9–1.2 Ma), cropping out in the eastern third of the island; Intermediate Volcanic Complex (ca. 0.8–0.2 Ma), cropping out in the western two thirds of the island and separated from the underlying complex by a major fault; Young Volcanic Complex (

Twelve combined wide-angle refraction and coincident multi-channel seismic profiles were acquired in the Jequitinhonha-Camamu-Almada, Jacuipe, and Sergipe-Alagoas basins, NE Brazil, during the SALSA experiment in 2014. Profiles SL11 and SL12 image the Jequitinhonha basin, perpendicularly to the coast, with 15 and 11 four-channel ocean-bottom seismometers, respectively. Profile SL10 runs parallel to the coast, crossing profiles SL11 and SL12, imaging the proximal Jequitinhonha and Almada basins with 17 ocean-bottom seismometers. Forward modelling, combined with pre-stack depth migration to increase the horizontal resolution of the velocity models, indicates that sediment thickness varies between 3.3 km and 6.2 km in the distal basin. Crustal thickness at the western edge of the profiles is of around 20 km, with velocity gradients indicating a continental origin. It decreases to less than 5 km in the distal basin, with high seismic velocities and gradients, not compatible with normal oceanic crust nor exhumed upper mantle. Typical oceanic crust is never imaged along these about 200 km-long profiles and we propose that the transitional crust in the Jequitinhonha basin is a made of exhumed lower continental crust.

Variations in the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) may not be included as external forcing when running regional climate models (RCMs); at least, this is a non-regulated, non-documented practice. Here we investigate the so far unexplored impact of considering the rising evolution of the CO2, CH4, and N2O atmospheric concentrations on near-surface air temperature (TAS) trends, for both the recent past and the near future, as simulated by a state-of-the-art RCM over Europe. The results show that the TAS trends are significantly affected by 1–2 K century−1, which under 1.5 °C global warming translates into a non-negligible impact of up to 1 K in the regional projections of TAS, similarly affecting projections for maximum and minimum temperatures. In some cases, these differences involve a doubling signal, laying further claim to careful reconsideration of the RCM setups with regard to the inclusion of GHG concentrations as an evolving external forcing which, for the sake of research reproducibility and reliability, should be clearly documented in the literature., The inclusion of greenhouse gas forcing in regional climate model experiments is a non-regulated, non-documented practice. Here, the authors demonstrate the significant of the impact of this lack of regulation on simulated regional warming trends, which can double climate change signals under 1.5 °C global warming.

International audience; Efficiency targets proposed as part of international commitments to reduce CO 2 emissions include future changes in individual patterns of energy consumption. This goal is presently being addressed in France through the installation of smart meters. Considering that public resistance or blatant opposition could jeopardize the grid modernization in the whole country, this study focused on the responses of groups of citizens from the two French communities where the new meters were first installed: Château-Renault (rural) and Lyon (urban). This study used the method of reconvened focus groups to inform policymakers about the reasoning of citizens in this situation. The discussions and the material generated by the groups provided very concrete elements on how the participants tried to make sense of the meter device itself and the policy goals, in relation to their daily and social life. The exchanges between participants seemed to fit into three main dialogical pairs, or themata: collective vs. individual (daily life); private (my behaviour) vs. public spheres (others' behaviours); and consumption: individualist vs. collectivist. The collective elaboration throughout the group sessions reinforced the empowerment of the groups and led to considering more collectively-oriented approaches in contrast to the prevailing individualistic lifestyles.

The paper describes and evaluates Fireplug, a flexible architecture to build robust geo-replicated graph databases. Fireplug can be configured to tolerate from crash to Byzantine faults, both within and across different datacenters. Furthermore, Fireplug is robust to bugs in existing graph database implementations, as it allows to combine multiple graph databases instances in a cohesive manner. Thus, Fireplug can support many different deployments, according to the performance/robustness tradeoffs imposed by the target application. Our evaluation shows that Fireplug can implement Byzantine fault tolerance in geo-replicated scenarios and still outperform the built-in replication mechanism of Neo4j, which only supports crash faults.

Islands harbour evolutionary and ecologically unique biota, which are currently disproportionately threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic factors, including habitat loss, invasive species and climate change. Native forests on oceanic islands are important refugia for endemic species, many of which are rare and highly threatened. Long-term monitoring schemes for those biota and ecosystems are urgently needed: (i) to provide quantitative baselines for detecting changes within island ecosystems, (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management actions, and (iii) to identify general ecological patterns and processes using multiple island systems as repeated ‘natural experiments’. In this contribution, we call for a Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) for monitoring the remaining native island forests, using bryophytes, vascular plants, selected groups of arthropods and vertebrates as model taxa. As a basis for the GIMS, we also present new, optimized monitoring protocols for bryophytes and arthropods that were developed based on former standardized inventory protocols. Effective inventorying and monitoring of native island forests will require: (i) permanent plots covering diverse ecological gradients (e.g. elevation, age of terrain, anthropogenic disturbance); (ii) a multiple-taxa approach that is based on standardized and replicable protocols; (iii) a common set of indicator taxa and community properties that are indicative of native island forests’ welfare, building on, and harmonized with existing sampling and monitoring efforts; (iv) capacity building and training of local researchers, collaboration and continuous dialogue with local stakeholders; and (v) long-term commitment by funding agencies to maintain a global network of native island forest monitoring plots., We would like to thank all colleagues who supported this work for their inspiration in discussing the importance of island biodiversity monitoring within the project MACDIV (FCT-PTDC/BIABIC/0054/2014). Data were derived from previous projects NETBIOME-MOVECLIM (M2.1.2/F/04/2011/NET), NETBIOME-ISLANDBIODIV (NETBIOME/0003/2011). For the development of this paper the work of CR, MB, AG and IRA was partly supported respectively by grants FCT-SFRH/BPD/91357/2012, FCT-SFRH/BPD/86215/2012, FCT-SFRH/BPD/100017/2014 and FCT-SFRH/BPD/102804/2014. AMCS was supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship (IEF 331623 ‘COMMSTRUCT’) and by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship (IJCI-2014-19502) funded by the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’. MF was funded by the Direcção Regional da Ciência, Tecnologia e Comunicações (DRCT) (M3.1.7/F/002/2011) and by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq (401045/2014-5), program Ciência sem Fronteiras funded by the University of Alcalá (Spain). SPR is supported by CNPq/Brazil. LBA’s worked on this manuscript within the project MOMENTOS (PTDC/BIA-BIC/5558/2014). GIMS will be implemented in La Réunion, with the DIVINES project (POE 2014-2020 FEDER) granted to DS and CAP at the University of La Réunion and to BL at the National Park of La Réunion.

Processes regulating population connectivity are complex, ranging from extrinsic environmental factors to intrinsic individual based features, and are a major force shaping the persistence of fish species and population responses to harvesting and environmental change. Here we developed an integrated assessment of demographic and genetic connectivity of European flounder Platichthys flesus in the northeast Atlantic (from the Norwegian to the Portuguese coast) and Baltic Sea. Specifically, we used a Bayesian infinite mixture model to infer the most likely number of natal sources of individuals based on otolith near core chemical composition. Simultaneously, we characterised genetic connectivity via microsatellite DNA markers, and evaluated how the combined use of natural tags informed individual movement and long-term population exchange rates. Individual markers provided different insights on movement, with otolith chemistry delineating Norwegian and Baltic Sea sources, whilst genetic markers showed a latitudinal pattern which distinguished southern peripheral populations along the Iberian coast. Overall, the integrated use of natural tags resulted in outcomes that were not readily anticipated by individual movement or gene flow markers alone. Our ecological and evolutionary approach provided a synergistic view on connectivity, which will be paramount to align biological and management units and safeguard species’ biocomplexity Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UID/MAR/04292/2013 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. PTDC/AAG-GLO/5849/2014 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. PTDC/MAR-EST/2098/2014

The processes associated with infragravity waves (IGW) and their role on the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of a wave-dominated inlet are investigated using field observations collected at the Albufeira Lagoon (Portugal) during storm Leslie in October 2018. During the storm, significant IGW heights reached up to 1.0 m in the surf zone and 0.4 m inside the lagoon. IGW frequencies were blocked by ebb currents at the flood-delta and this effect was stronger for higher IGW frequencies. Therefore, low-frequency IGW were able to propagate further into the inner lagoon. The application of a 1D energy balance equation suggests that depth-induced breaking and bottom friction contributed equally to dissipate IGW energy at the flood-delta and that this dissipation was stronger during the flood than during the ebb. Large horizontal velocities under IGW crests increased the instantaneous suspended sediment transport rate by up to two orders of magnitude during flood at the flood-delta. The net suspended sediment transport rate and its variability, associated with the wave motion, was positive (landward) during flood and negligible during ebb. These positive values were associated with large wave-induced orbital velocities, suggesting that waves were more effective than tidal currents in inducing suspended sediment transport. The oscillatory suspended sediment transport rate was directed towards the lagoon and dominated by IGW frequencies. The observed sediment accretion of the northern channel occurred during the most energetic IGW. The measurements presented in this study and their analyses demonstrate how IGW play a major role in the sedimentary dynamics of wave-dominated inlets during storm conditions.

International audience; With very few exceptions, M > 4 tectonic earthquakes in the Azores show normal fault solution and occur away from the islands. Exceptionally, the 1998 shock was pure strike-slip and occurred within the northern edge of the Pico-Faial Ridge. Fault plane solutions show two possible planes of rupture striking ENE-WSW (dextral) and NNW-SSE (sinistral). The former has not been recognised in the Azores, but is parallel to the transform direction related to the relative motion between the Eurasia and Nubia plates. Therefore, the main question we address in the present study is: do transform faults related to the Eurasia/Nubia plate boundary exist in the Azores? Knowing that the main source of strain is related to plate kinematics, we conclude that the sinistral strike-slip NNW-SSE fault plane solution is not consistent with either the fault dip (ca. 65°, which is typical of a normal fault) or the ca. ENE-WSW direction of maximum extension; both are consistent with a normal fault, as observed in most major earthquakes on faults striking around NNW-SSE in the Azores. In contrast, the dextral strike-slip ENE-WSW fault plane solution is consistent with the transform direction related to the anticlockwise rotation of Nubia relative to Eurasia. Altogether, tectonic data, measured ground motion, observed destruction, and modelling are consistent with a dextral strike-slip source fault striking ENE-WSW. Furthermore, the bulk clockwise rotation measured by GPS is typical of bookshelf block rotations observed at the termination of such master strike-slip faults. Therefore, we suggest that the 1998 earthquake can be related to the WSW termination of a transform (ENE-WSW fault plane solution) associated with the Nubia-Eurasia diffuse plate boundary.

Large-scale flank collapses are common in the geological evolution of volcanic ocean islands in the Atlantic. To date, catastrophic lateral collapses in the Azores Islands have been difficult to identify, leading to suggestions that a lack of events may relate to the relatively small size of the islands. Here we show evidence for two major collapses on the northern flank of Pico Island (Pico–Faial volcanic ridge, central Azores), suggesting that this island had a collapse incidence similar to that of other Atlantic volcanic islands. The study is based on the analysis of: (1) offshore and onshore high-resolution digital elevation models; (2) field data focused on the N flank; and (3) new K–Ar ages on selected lava flow samples. Pico sub-aerial northern flank is marked by two conspicuous arcuate shaped depressions concave towards the sea, here interpreted as landslide scars. A main debris field is observed offshore the largest depression. This deposit has 20 km of maximum length, covers ca. 150 km2, is composed of meter to hectometer blocks, and has an exposed volume here estimated between 4 and 10 km3, though the actual volume probably exceeds 10 km3. Debris flow towards the ESE was apparently determined by the slope of the narrow WNW–ESE S. Jorge channel. Young lava flows cascade over the interpreted scars, thus concealing the older volcanic sequence(s) affected by the landslide(s). New K–Ar ages measured on these lava flows provide a minimum age of ca. 70 ka for the large-scale collapse(s) in Pico's northern flank.

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN [ADD1_IRSTEA]Adaptation des territoires au changement global [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN [ADD1_IRSTEA]Adaptation des territoires au changement global; International audience; Changes in wildfire activity in the Mediterranean area over recent decades increase the need for a better understanding of the fire weather relationships and for the development of reliable models to improve fire danger prediction. This study analyses daily synoptic and local weather conditions associated with the occurrence of summer large fires (LFs) in Mediterranean France during recent decades (1973-2013). The links between large fire occurrence and synoptic conditions are analysed with composites of sea level pressure and winds at 925 hPa and a parsimonious synoptic weather type (WT) classification based on these variables. A cluster analysis is used to identify five homogeneous regions with similar inter-annual variations in lire activity. Our results reveal a dominant wind-driven lire regime, i.e. wind conditions are the main factor explaining why fire become large, though substantial temporal and spatial variations are observed. Thus, most LFs occur under the `Atlantic Ridge' WT that combines an anticyclonic ridge over eastern Atlantic and a cyclonic anomaly stretched from the North Sea to Central/Eastern Europe and Mediterranean basin. This pattern is significantly related at local scale to fast continental dry winds. By contrast, only few LFs occur under WT's characterized by anomalously warm local-scale conditions ('Blocking'), except under very warm and dry conditions such as during the outstanding 2003 summer. These results offer promising developments for the improvement of fire danger predictions and operational management.

International audience

WOS: 000313348700006, …, Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-04-01476, 11-04-01247-a]; Program of Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences [12-Pi-4-1018]; Vologda Department of the Russian Geographic Society; TUBITAK; Myndel Botanica Fundation; CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas) [PIP 2012-2014]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [NN 303 796 940, N N 303 469 338]; Development for Innovations' Operational Programme [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0100]; Structural Funds of the European Union; state budget of the Czech Republic; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CGL2010-15693, GL2011-28857]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK [111T359]; [TAMOP-4.2.2.B-10/1-2010-0018], The research of M. V. Dulin had the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects no. 12-04-01476) and the Program of Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (no. 12-Pi-4-1018). The research of L. E. Kurbatova was financially supported by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 11-04-01247-a). D. A. Philippov is grateful to the Vologda Department of the Russian Geographic Society for support. M. Kirmaci and E. Agcagil are very grateful to TUBITAK for providing a student scholarship to the second author and to Beata Papp (Hungarian Natural History Museum) for confirming the species.; J. R. Flores and G. M. Suarez had Financial support from the Myndel Botanica Fundation and PIP 2012-2014 CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas). The contributions by H. Bednarek-Ochyra and R. Ochyra have been financially supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through grants no. NN 303 796 940 for H. Bednarek-Ochyra and no. N N 303 469 338 for R. Ochyra. They also thank the Curators at BM, PC and S for kindly allowing them to examine the herbarium material used in their study. The field work of R. Ochyra and Marc Leboubier on Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen was organised within the programme 136 ECOBIO of the French Polar Institute (IPEV). The investigations of P. Szucs and A. Bidlo have been carried out with the sponsorship of TAMOP-4.2.2.B-10/1-2010-0018. The contribution by V. Plasek, G. J. Wolski and J. Sawicki is part of a research project of the Institute of Environmental Technologies, reg. no. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0100, supported by the 'Research and Development for Innovations' Operational Programme financed by the Structural Funds of the European Union and by the state budget of the Czech Republic.; B. Vigalondo, F. Lara, I. Draper & R. Garilleti are grateful to Belen Albertos, Rafael Medina and Belen Estebanez for their valuable field work and to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for financial support (projects CGL2010-15693 and CGL2011-28857). T. Ezer and R. Kara are indebted to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK (project no. 111T359).

International audience; Six localities in western France contain deposits of mid Cretaceous age that have yielded small assemblages of megaspores. These are Archingeay-Les Nouillers, Puy-Puy, Les Renardières, La Buzinie and Le Brouillard quarries, and Fouras tidal flat. With one exception, all are within the Charente and Charente-Maritime regions; Le Brouillard is further north in Anjou Province. The productive horizons are in sub-units of previously defined stratigraphic units A, B and C, and range in age from latest Albian or earliest Cenomanian to earliest mid Cenomanian. Owing to a scarcity of records of mid Cretaceous megaspores that can be relied upon for comparison with those recovered in this study, a cautious approach to identification has been adopted. Most forms are only compared to previously described species or referred to in open nomenclature. The most productive sample was from the lower part of sub-unit A1 at Puy-Puy. The assemblage recovered is dominated by spores referable to isoetalean Minerisporites and Paxillitriletes, with a few baculate, rugulate and other lycopsid spores and marsilealean Molaspora rugosa in association. The occurrence of the last of these in particular might indicate that this lowermost unit of the mid Cretaceous succession is earliest Cenomanian rather than latest Albian in age, but the evidence is equivocal. The composition of the assemblages from sub-unit B2 (Fouras tidal flat) and higher levels (La Buzinie, Le Brouillard) is consistent with a Cenomanian age determination and, in common with those from Puy-Puy, Archingeay-Les Nouillers and Les Renardières, indicates a bias towards parent plants that lived in and adjacent to water bodies. Among the forms recorded are species of Ariadnaesporites, Dijkstraisporites and Tenellisporites. The mixed character of the assemblages and the presence of damaged specimens and fragments in all of them lend support to previous interpretations of lacustrine to paralic environments of deposition for the sedimentary units concerned.

Vegetation fires have been acknowledged as an environmental process of global scale, which affects the chemical composition of the troposphere, and has profound ecological and climatic impacts. However, considerable uncertainty remains, especially concerning intra and inter-annual variability of fire incidence. The main goals of our global-scale study were to characterise spatial-temporal patterns of fire activity, to identify broad geographical areas with similar vegetation fire dynamics, and to analyse the relationship between fire activity and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. This study relies on 10 years (mid 1996–mid 2006) of screened European Space Agency World Fire Atlas (WFA) data, obtained from Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) and Advanced ATSR (AATSR) imagery. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset. Regions of homogeneous fire dynamics were identified with cluster analysis, and interpreted based on their eco-climatic characteristics. The impact of 1997–1998 El Niño is clearly dominant over the study period, causing increased fire activity in a variety of regions and ecosystems, with variable timing. Overall, this study provides the first global decadal assessment of spatio-temporal fire variability and confirms the usefulness of the screened WFA for global fire ecoclimatology research.

International audience; Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis and high morbidity due to its invasiveness. Hypoxia-driven motility and concentration-driven motility are two mechanisms of glioblastoma multiforme invasion in the brain. The use of anti-angiogenic drugs has uncovered new progression patterns of glioblastoma multiforme associated with significant differences in overall survival. Here, we apply a mathematical model of glioblas- toma multiforme growth and invasion in humans and design computational trials using agents that target angiogenesis, tumor replication rates, or motility. The findings link highly- dispersive, moderately-dispersive, and hypoxia-driven tumors to the patterns observed in glioblastoma multiforme treated by anti-angiogenesis, consisting of progression by Expand- ing FLAIR, Expanding FLAIR + Necrosis, and Expanding Necrosis, respectively. Further- more, replication rate-reducing strategies (e.g. Tumor Treating Fields) appear to be effective in highly-dispersive and moderately-dispersive tumors but not in hypoxia-driven tumors. The latter may respond to motility-reducing agents. In a population computational trial, with all three phenotypes, a correlation was observed between the efficacy of the rate- reducing agent and the prolongation of overall survival times. This research highlights the potential applications of computational trials and supports new hypotheses on glioblastoma multiforme phenotypes and treatment options.

International audience; The evolution of hyperslow oceanic rifts, like the Terceira Rift (TR) in the Azores, is still poorly understood. Here we examine the distribution of strain and magmatism in the portion of the TR making up the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary. We use São Miguel Island because it stretches most of the TR width, which allows to investigate the TR's architecture and shedding light on TR's age and mode of deformation. From topography and structural analysis, and new measurements of 380 faults and dikes, we show that (1) São Miguel has two main structural directions, N150 and N110, mostly concentrated in the eastern part of the island as an onshore continuation of the faults observed offshore in the NE (N110 faults) and SW (N140) TR walls; (2) a new N50-N80 fault system is identified in São Miguel; (3) fault and dike geometries indicate that eastern São Miguel comprises the TR's northern boundary, and the lack of major faults in central and western São Miguel indicates that rifting is mostly concentrated at master faults bounding the TR. Based on TR's geometry, structural observations and plate kinematics, we estimate that the TR initiated between 1.4 and 2.7 Ma ago and that there is no appreciable seafloor spreading associated with rifting. Based on plate kinematics, on the new structural data, and on São Miguel's structural and volcanic trends, we propose that the eastern two thirds of São Miguel lie along a main TR-related transform fault striking N70-N80, which connects two widely separated N130-N150 TR-trending segments.

International audience; Several processes concur to shape an oceanic volcanic island, in particular the insular shelves, but the dominant process will be the one with the highest rate for a given period of time. Therefore, one has to estimate rates in order to conclude for the dominant process. We take advantage of the contrasting tectonic settings of two islands in the Azores, Pico (on the active diffuse Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary) and Santa Maria (on the oldest and inactive eastern end of the Azores Plateau), in order to estimate two main rates and their effects on shaping insular shelves: subsidence and wave erosion rates. We conclude that, for subsidence rates ≥ 1 mm/yr and lava flow dips ≤ 5º, as in Pico Island, the subsidence rate can dominate. Despite the likely dominant effect of island subsidence, Quartau et al. (2015) recognized its existence in Pico but did not estimate its magnitude or use the subsidence rate to discuss the wave erosion rates reported in the paper. Therefore, the wave erosion rates reported in Quartau et al. (2015) may be greatly overestimated by incorporating indiscriminately two rates, island subsidence and wave erosion. The effects of subsidence on shaping insular shelves as discussed here can potentially be applied to other subsiding islands mostly made of shield volcanoes, like the Big Island in Hawaii. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

International audience; The critical taper theory of Coulomb wedges has been classically applied to compressive regimes (accretionary prisms/fold-and-thrust belts), and more recently to gravitational instabilities. Following the initial hypothesis of the theory, we provide an alternative expression of the exact solution for a non-cohesive wedge by considering the balance of forces applied to the external surfaces. Then, we use this approach to derive a solution for the case of cohesive wedges. We show that cohesion has conspicuous structural effects, including a minimum length required for sliding and the formation of listric faults. The stabilizing effect of cohesion is accentuated in the foremost thin domain of the wedge, defining a required Minimum Failure Length (MFL), and producing sliding of a rigid mass above the detachment. This MFL decreases with less cohesion, a smaller coefficient of internal friction, larger fluid overpressure ratio, and steeper upper and basal surfaces for the wedge. Listricity of the normal faults depends on the fluid overpressure magnitude within the wedge. For moderate fluid overpressure, normal faults are curved close to the surface, and become straight at depth. In contrast, where fluid overpressure exceeds a critical value corresponding to the fluid pressure required to destabilize the surface of a noncohesive wedge, the state of stress changes and rotates at depth. The faults are straight close to the surface and listric at depth, becoming parallel to the upper surface if the wedge is thick enough. We tested some of these structural effects of a cohesive wedge on gravitational instabilities using analogue models where cohesive material was subjected to pore-fluid pressure. The shape of the faults obtained in the models is consistent with the predictions of the theory.

International audience; Gossip protocols have emerged as a powerful technique for implementing highly scalable and robust services, such as information dissemination and aggregation. The fact that gossip protocols require very little or no structure to operate makes them particularly appealing to apply in dynamic systems, where topology changes are common (for instance, due to frequent faults or high churn rates). Therefore, gossip protocols seem particularly well fit to operate in wireless self-organizing networks. Unfortunately, these networks have a number of characteristics that impede the deployment of gossip protocols designed for wired networks. In this work we identify the inherent differences in communication between wired and wireless networks and their impact on the design and implementation of gossip protocols. In particular, our comparison includes drawing a distinction between the gossiping primitives suitable for each of these environments. In the context of this analysis, we conclude by presenting a list of open research questions.

International audience; The evolution of volcanic islands is generally marked by fast construction phases alternating with destruction by a variety of mass-wasting processes. More specifically, volcanic islands located in areas of intense regional deformation can be particularly prone to gravitational destabilisation. The island of S. Miguel (Azores) has developed during the last 1 Myr inside the active Terceira Rift, a major tectonic structure materializing the present boundary between the Eurasian and Nubian lithospheric plates. In this work, we depict the evolution of the island, based on high-resolution DEM data, stratigraphic and structural analyses, high-precision K–Ar dating on separated mineral phases, and offshore data (bathymetry and seismic profiles). The new results indicate that: (1) the oldest volcanic complex (Nordeste), composing the easternmost part of the island, was dominantly active between ca. 850 and 750 ka, and was subsequently affected by a major south-directed flank collapse. (2) Between at least 500 ka and 250 ka, the landslide depression was massively filled by a thick lava succession erupted from volcanic cones and domes distributed along the main E-W collapse scar. (3) Since 250 kyr, the western part of this succession (Furnas area) was affected by multiple vertical collapses; associated plinian eruptions produced large pyroclastic deposits, here dated at ca. 60 ka and less than 25 ka. (4) During the same period, the eastern part of the landslide scar was enlarged by retrogressive erosion, producing the large Povoação valley, which was gradually filled by sediments and young volcanic products. (5) The Fogo volcano, in the middle of S. Miguel, is here dated between ca. 270 and 17 ka, and was affected by, at least, one southwards flank collapse. (6) The Sete Cidades volcano, in the western end of the island, is here dated between ca. 91 and 13 ka, and experienced mutliple caldera collapses; a landslide to the North is also suspected from the presence of a subtle morphologic scar covered by recent lava flows erupted from alignments of basaltic strombolian cones. The predominance of the N150° and N75° trends in the island suggest that the tectonics of the Terceira Rift controlled the location and the distribution of the volcanism, and to some extent the various destruction events.

International audience; The stress induced lift-off method (SLIM) -cut technique allows the detachment of thin silicon foils using a stress inducing layer. In this work, results of SLIM-cut foils obtained using an epoxy stress inducing layer at room temperature are presented. Numerical analyses were performed in order to study and ascertain the important experimental parameters. The experimental and simulation results are in good agreement. Indeed, large area (5 × 5 cm2) foils were successfully detached at room temperature using an epoxy thickness of 900 μm and a curing temperature of 150 °C. Moreover, three foils (5 × 3 cm2) with thickness 135, 121 and 110 μm were detached from the same monocrystalline substrate. Effective minority carrier lifetimes of 46, 25 and 20 μs were measured using quasi-steady-state photoconductance technique in these foils after iodine ethanol surface passivation.

The ongoing rise in sea level affects tidal propagation and circulation in estuaries, and these changes can have far reaching consequences on the sediment dynamics, water quality and extreme water levels. This study aims at anticipating the evolution of the tidal dynamics in the Tagus (Portugal) in the 21st century, in particular due to sea level rise (SLR). The existence of a resonance mode of about 8 hours in this estuary, that selectively amplifies both semi-diurnal and quarter-diurnal tidal constituents, makes the response of the Tagus estuary to SLR unique. The study was conducted with a shallow water model, forced by present and future conditions, namely higher mean sea levels and an extrapolated bathymetry based on present sedimentation rates. Model results showed that SLR will significantly affect tidal asymmetry, in particular because the intertidal area can decrease by up to 40% by the end of the 21st century. As a result, the strong ebb-dominance of this estuary will decrease significantly. This evolution of tidal asymmetry will be counteracted by the effect of sedimentation of the salt-marsh areas. Also, SLR will enhance the resonance in the Tagus estuary. As a consequence, extreme water levels will be higher than the sum of present levels with the SLR. Evolução da hidrodinâmica do estuário do Tejo (Portugal) no século XXI A subida do nível médio do mar afeta a propagação da maré e a circulação em estuários, podendo estas alterações ter consequências significativas na dinâmica sedimentar, na qualidade da água e nos níveis de água extremos. O presente estudo visa antecipar a evolução da dinâmica de maré no estuário do Tejo (Portugal) no século XXI, em particular devido à subida do nível médio do mar (NMM). A existência de um modo de ressonância de cerca de 8 horas neste estuário, que amplifica seletivamente as constituintes semi-diurnas e quarto-diurnas, torna a resposta do estuário do Tejo à subida do NMM única. O estudo foi efetuado com um modelo hidrodinâmico, forçado por condições presentes e futuras, nomeadamente níveis médios do mar mais elevados e uma batimetria extrapolada com base em taxas de assoreamento atuais. Os resultados do modelo mostram que a subida do NMM irá afetar significativamente a assimetria da maré, em particular porque as áreas intertidais podem diminui até 40% até ao final do século. Em consequência, a forte dominância de vazante deste estuário irá diminuir significativamente. Esta evolução da assimetria da maré será parcialmente compensada pelo efeito da sedimentação nas áreas intertidais. A subida do NMM irá também amplificar o efeito de ressonância no estuário do Tejo, o que resultará em níveis extremos superiores à soma dos níveis extremos atuais com a subida do NMM.

This paper describes the effect of missing sounding reports on temperature and pressure mean values for mandatory levels using the aerological information from the Camagüey Meteorological Centre. Also it is described the effect of missing data on mean temperature and pressure values at the multiple tropopause levels. The case study belongs to one station for a time lag of eight years. Up to the present these types of studies have been conducted using simulated datasets. The present one uses a real inhomogeneous radiosonde dataset. The main reason for missing reports were transmission problems and possible encoding-decoding difficulties. It has been found that profiles of the mean temperature and altitude show little differences between the complete and incomplete datasets. Moreover, no statistical significant differences were found for the mean values of the variables for the complete and incomplete datasets. The most probable reason for those results is that the cause of the missing reports has a random behaviour. Finally we have found that the only two effects noticed on the statistics were slightly higher values of the mean temperatures in the complete dataset and the decrease in the percent of multiple tropopause reports for the incomplete dataset.