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42 results on '"Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales"'

1. Disseminated Histoplasmosis Seasonal Incidence Variations: A Supplementary Argument for Recent Infection?

Author

Matthieu Hanf, Mathieu Nacher, Bernard Carme, Antoine Adenis, Pierre Couppié, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Université des Antilles (UA), and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
Wet season, medicine.medical_specialty, Climate, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Dermatology, Environment, Histoplasmosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Disseminated histoplasmosis, Virology, Epidemiology, Medicine, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, HIV, Seasonality, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Background: In French Guiana, a recent study has shown that a major part of the histoplasmosis incidence temporal fluctuations could be explained by climatic factors and thus postulated that disseminated histoplasmosis cases could be in a large proportion due to new infections. The description of the seasonal pattern of histoplasmosis could potentially help to test this new hypothesis. Patients and methods: A study using prospective data from the French Hospital Database for HIV was conducted in order to determine seasonal variations of the incidence of first cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV persons in Cayenne, French Guiana. Single failure Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results: After adjusting for CD4 counts and antiretroviral treatment, the incidence of disseminated histoplasmosis was significantly higher during the Short Wet Season-Long Dry Season than during the Short Dry Season-Long Wet Season (Adjusted Hazard ratio 1.7 (1.1-2.5), P= 0.01). Conclusion: This result gives both valuable epidemiologic information to clinicians and a supplementary argument in favour of the hypothesis that an important proportion of cases were due to recent exposure. Therefore, the use of a primary prophylaxis must be discussed in French Guiana.

Published
2012
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2. Hierarchy of Determinants Underlying Death among HIV-Infected Patients in French Guiana

Author

Pierre Couppié, Bernard Carme, Mathieu Nacher, Matthieu Hanf, Antoine Adenis, EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Population, Addiction, Dermatology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Mortality, Tree based method, education, media_common, education.field_of_study, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Omics, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV/AIDS, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Objective: In order to determine how risk factors of death among HIV-infected patients in French Guiana interact with one another and to define high risk population segments, an alternative statistical method to Cox proportional hazards models was used. Patients and methods: Data from HIV+ patients followed in the three main hospitals of French Guiana were used. Data were extracted from the prospective French Hospital Database for HIV (FHDH). To examine the nature of the relationships between time of death since the first consultation and a set of predictor variables (age at enrolment, gender, nationality, CD4 count at enrolment, presence or absence of HAART at enrolment, a declared addiction, and mode of acquisition of the virus) a survival tree analysis was used. Survival rates at 5 years and 10 years and their 95% confidence interval were also calculated. Results: This analysis permitted to reveal a new specific subgroup of HIV+ patients particularly at risk in French Guiana not already mentioned in the literature: the HIV+ female patients with a declared addiction. Conclusions: Prevention and care in this vulnerable segment of the HIV+ population identified by this methodology should be reinforced.

Published
2012
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3. Epidémie de toxoplasmose amazonienne en territoire amérindien : analyse d'une situation d'émergence

Author

Blaizot, Romain, Nabet, Cécile, Laghoe, L., Faivre, B., Escotte-Binet, Sandie, Djossou, Félix, Mosnier, Emilie, Henaff, Fanny, Blanchet, Denis, Mercier, Aurélien, Dardé, Marie-Laure, Villena, Isabelle, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Protozooses Transmises par l'Alimentation (Cryptosporidiose, Giardose et Toxoplasmose) : Mode de Contamination et Pathogénie (PROTAL) - EA 3800 (PROTAL), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

4. Caractéristiques épidémiologiques de la tuberculose-maladie au centre hospitalier de Cayenne (CHC), Guyane Française, une étude rétrospective de 2007 à 2017

Author

Boutrou, M., Travers, V., Epelboin, Loïc, Beillard, E., Demar, Magalie Pierre, Mahamat, Aba, Walter, G., Vesin, Guillaume, Melzani, Alessia, Abboud, Philippe, Mosnier, Emilie, Bidaud, Bastien, Guillot, G., Naldjinan, R., Bourbigot, Anne Marie, Couppié, Pierre, Berlioz-Artaud, A., Drogoul, Anne Sophie, Bisser, S., Grenier, C., Prince, C., Ahouanssou, ., Baduel, E., Delaporte, C., Djossou, Félix, Matillon, Mirlène, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Guyane (UG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Unité des Maladies Virales Emergentes (UMVE), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

5. Incidence and Trends in Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With Histoplasma capsulatum Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A 20-Year Case Series and Literature Review

Author

Alessia Melzani, Pierre Couppié, Balthazar Ntab, Antoine Adenis, Magalie Demar, Regis de Reynal de Saint Michel, Félix Djossou, Denis Blanchet, Loïc Epelboin, Mathieu Nacher, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université des Antilles - UFR des sciences médicales Hyacinthe Bastaraud (UA UFR SM), Université des Antilles (UA), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Université de Guyane (UG), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Service de Dermatologie [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], and Centre Hospitalier Andre Rosemon

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Histoplasma, 030106 microbiology, HIV Infections, Histoplasmosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Interquartile range, Humans, Medicine, Disseminated disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Retrospective Studies, Subclinical infection, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, histoplasmosis, Incidence (epidemiology), HIV, medicine.disease, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, incidence, Female, business
Abstract

International audience; Background: Histoplasmosis is among the main acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions in endemic areas. Although histoplasmosis has a worldwide distribution, histoplasmosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is rarely reported.This study aimed to describe the incidence and features of histoplasmosis-associated IRIS in a cohort of PLHIV.Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted in French Guiana from 1 January 1997 to 30 September 2017. The target population was represented by PLHIV who presented an episode of histoplasmosis within 6 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation. We used a consensual IRIS case definition, submitted to the agreement of 2 experts. Each case was described using a standardized questionnaire, and all patients gave informed consent.Results: Twenty-two cases of histoplasmosis-associated IRIS were included (14 infectious/unmasking and 8 paradoxical), with an overall incidence rate of 0.74 cases per 1000 HIV-infected person-years (95% confidence interval, 0.43-1.05). Mean age was 40.5 years. The ratio of males to females was 1:4. Median time to IRIS was 11 days (interquartile range 7-40 days) after antiretroviral therapy initiation. The main clinical presentation was fever, without any specific pattern, and disseminated disease. We reported 2 severe cases and partial or complete recovery at 1 month was the rule. Twenty-two cases were identified in the literature with similar characteristics.Conclusions: Histoplasmosis-associated IRIS incidence was low but generated significant morbidity in PLHIV. In endemic areas, screening for latent or subclinical histoplasmosis should be implemented before antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Published
2019
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6. Central nervous system histoplasmosis in AIDS: a case series in French Guiana

Author

Epelboin, Loïc, Dione, Aïda, Blanchet, Denis, Nacher, Mathieu, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Couppié, Pierre, Djossou, Félix, Adenis, Antoine, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Guyane (UG), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Laboratoire Hospitalier et Universitaire Parasitologie Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Matillon, Mirlène

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

7. Control Rod Depletion in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor: Models and Impact on Reactivity Control

Author

David Blanchet, Bruno Fontaine, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, Nuclear engineering, Control rod, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Design studies, Sodium-cooled fast reactor, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Reactivity (chemistry), Current (fluid), Burnup
Abstract

International audience; The current design studies on sodium-​cooled fast reactors (SFRs) are breaking with the past since they are guided by a new set of design criteria arising from the objectives of Generation IV reactors. The new safety requirements lead to designing reactors with breakeven breeding cores because in terms of reactivity control, they minimize the need to limit the consequences of an inadvertent control rod withdrawal event. Furthermore, as the reactivity control needs are low, a breakeven core enables the use of absorbing materials with reduced efficiency (natural boron, hafnium, etc.)​, which may be less costly than enriched boron. However, control rods designed with low absorbing materials may present the disadvantage of a nonnegligible loss of efficiency due to their consumption under irradn. This paper presents a methodol. to accurately calc. and to analyze the impact of this consumption on reactivity control.

Published
2014
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8. Predictive Factors of HTLV1-HIV Coinfections in French Guiana

Author

Philippe Abboud, Emilie Gaubert-Marechal, Elise Gouhier, Mathieu Nacher, Pierre Couppié, Departement des Maladies infectieuses, Cayenne General Hospital, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, HIV Infections, MESH: Logistic Models, Serology, MESH: HIV-1, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Medicine, Stage (cooking), Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Coinfection, MESH: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Articles, MESH: HIV Infections, Middle Aged, Viral Load, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Female, MESH: Viral Load, Viral load, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: HTLV-I Infections, Virology, Internal medicine, MESH: French Guiana, Humans, Medical prescription, MESH: Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, HTLV-I Infections, MESH: Male, MESH: Coinfection, Logistic Models, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, HIV-1, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parasitology, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; French Guiana, the French territory most affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1.3% of pregnant women), is also endemic for human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV1). The objective of this study was to determine if the HTLV1/HIV coinfected patients had particular characteristics. All HIV-infected patients having a computerized medical file containing an HTLV1 serology were included: there were 1,333 HIV monoinfections and 76 HTLV1/VIH coinfections. The prevalence of HTLV1/HIV coinfections was 5.39%. Women (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91[1.13-3.24]), subjects > 40 years of age, and patients of Surinamese origin (OR = 2.65 [1.25-5.61]) were overrepresented among the coinfected. CD4 count at the time of diagnosis and viral loads were higher among coinfected patients. The clinical stage was not significantly different between the two groups. The number of CD4 cells was not higher among the coinfected, unlike most reports from the literature. Prevalence of HTLV1 among HIV-infected patients is high in French Guiana, and physicians seem to omit the prescription of serology for this potentially serious coinfection.

Published
2013
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9. In Vitro Sensitivity of Cutaneous Leishmania Promastigote Isolates Circulating in French Guiana to a Set of Drugs

Author

Simon, Stéphane, Nacher, Mathieu, Demar, Magalie, Carme, Bernard, Couppié, Pierre, Scotto, Camille Inès, Burger, Pauline, Khodjet el Khil, Mehdi, Ginouves, Marine, Prévôt, Ghislaine, Blanchet, Denis, Delprete, Piero, Fernandez, Xavier, Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-INP. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de Référence Leishmania [Cayenne, Guyanne Française] (Laboratoire Associé), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Guyanais de Dermatologie Tropicale, E.A. 2188, This work was supported by the University of French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, the Conseil Régional de la Guyane and the European Union (FEDER-Presage N° 31454), and the 'Investissement d’Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC1424, Laboratoires d'excellence - CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia - - CEBA2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0025 - LABX - VALID, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Meglumine antimoniate, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Paromomycin, Drug resistance, Pharmacology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Amphotericin B, parasitic diseases, medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Miltefosine, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Leishmaniasis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Leishmania braziliensis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.drug, Pentamidine
Abstract

International audience; Anti-leishmaniasis drug resistance is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to inventory the general in vitro level of sensitivity of Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana and to highlight potential in vitro pentamidine-resistant isolates. This sensitivity study was conducted on 36 patient-promastigote isolates for seven drugs (amphotericin B, azithromycin, fluconazole, meglumine antimoniate, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine) using the Cell Counting Kit-8 viability test. The IC50 values obtained were heterogeneous. One isolate exhibited high IC50 values for almost all drugs tested. Pentamidine, which is the first-line treatment in French Guiana, showed efficacy at very low doses (mean of 0.0038 μg/mL). The concordance of the in vitro pentamidine results with the patients' clinical outcomes was 94% (K = 0.82).

Published
2016
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10. Le polymorphisme de l’atteinte cutanée dans le chikungunya. Expérience de l’épidémie guyanaise de 2014-2015

Author

Dominique Sainte-Marie, L. Longue, Félix Djossou, E. Sambourg, J. Dufour, Loïc Epelboin, Pierre Couppié, A. Aoun, Narcisse Elenga, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Guyane (UG), Service de Pédiatrie [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Matillon, Mirlène, Unité de Maladie Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)

Subjects
030203 arthritis & rheumatology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Dermatology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 3. Good health
Abstract

Introduction L’epidemie due au virus du chikungunya a debute en Guyane en mars 2014. Le nombre de cas recenses au 5 juin 2015 est de 14 880. L’exantheme maculopapuleux est frequemment decrit mais des signes cutanes plus atypiques sont rapportes. De mai a novembre 2014, le service de dermatologie du centre hospitalier de Cayenne a repertorie les observations des patients avec signes cutanes atypiques. Ces donnees sont completees par l’etude faite par le service des maladies infectieuses (UMIT) de notre hopital de mars a mai 2014. Nous presentons les resultats de ces etudes. Patients et methodes Un medecin dermatologue recueillait entre debut mai et fin novembre 2014 les atteintes cutanees atypiques, c’est-a-dire autre que l’exantheme maculopapuleux presentes chez les patients hospitalises ou vus en consultation pour un chikungunya. Ce recueil se faisait suivant une feuille de donnees standard (date de naissance, sexe, date de debut des signes cutanes, type d’atteinte cutanee et/ou muqueuse) et par photographies. Les cas de chikungunya etaient confirmes par PCR. Par ailleurs, l’equipe de l’ UMIT notait pour les patients hospitalises et/ou suivis en consultation pour un chikungunya durant les trois premiers mois de l’epidemie la presence ou non de signes cutanes, et s’il s’agissait d’un prurit, d’un exantheme maculopapuleux ou d’un autre type d’atteinte cutanee sans precision. Resultats Au total 193 patients adultes etaient suivis et diagnostiques par PCR par l’UMIT. Un prurit etait note dans 24 % des cas. Des signes cutanes existaient chez 32 patients (16,6 %) surtout a type d’exantheme maculopapuleux chez 93,7 % d’entre eux. Le service de dermatologie repertoriait 17 patients. Huit nourrissons (de 1 a 6 mois) examines presentaient un exantheme maculopapuleux avec atteinte palmo-plantaire ; un œdeme des pieds et/ou des mains etait trouve dans 6 cas. Deux nourrissons presentaient des bulles au niveau des membres et un presentait des elements purpuriques. Neuf adultes etaient examines : 8 presentaient un prurit, 3 un purpura des membres inferieurs, 2 une eruption pseudo-urticarienne, 4 un exantheme maculopapuleux avec atteinte palmo-plantaire. Conclusion De ces etudes il ressort qu’il existe des signes ou symptomes cutanes chez environ un quart des patients ayant consulte pour chikungunya dans notre hopital : le prurit est le plus frequent suivi de l’exantheme maculopapuleux. Certains signes cutanes doivent contribuer a un diagnostic precoce, notamment chez le nourrisson a savoir l’œdeme des extremites et la presence de vesiculo-bulles. Le diagnostic de chikungunya etait dans ces cas evoque par le dermatologue.

Published
2015

11. Integrate Study of a Bolivian Population Infected by Trypanosoma cruzi, the Agent of Chagas Disease

Author

Simone Frédérique Brenière, Marie France Bosseno, François Noireau, Nina Yacsik, Pascale Liegeard, Christine Aznar, Mireille Hontebeyrie, UR008 Pathogénie des Trypanosomatidés (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD Bolivie, Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, Immunopathogenèse, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)

Subjects
Male, Chagas disease, Endemic Diseases, polymerase chain reaction, lcsh:QR1-502, Antibodies, Protozoan, POPULATION RURALE, COCHABAMBA, recombinant proteins, lcsh:Microbiology, Serology, DIAGNOSTIC, 0302 clinical medicine, SYMPTOME, Seroepidemiologic Studies, TECHNIQUE PCR, Prevalence, Child, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Transmission (medicine), PREVALENCE, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, MALADIE DE CHAGAS, Acute Disease, Female, ANALYSE GENETIQUE, Antibody, FOYER ENDEMIQUE, Adult, Microbiology (medical), EPIDEMIOLOGIE, Bolivia, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, SEROPOSITIVITE, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, MIZQUE, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, clones, Antigen, TEST ELISA, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Seroprevalence, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Chagas Disease, ANDES, education, SEROLOGIE, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Insect Vectors, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, BOLIVIE, Cross-Sectional Studies, Chronic Disease, Immunology, CLINIQUE, biology.protein, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, PROTEINE RECOMBINANTE
Abstract

International audience; A cross section of a human population (501 individuals) selected at random, and living in a Bolivian community, highly endemic for Chagas disease, was investigated combining together clinical, parasitological and molecular approaches. Conventional serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated an active transmission of the infection, a high seroprevalence (43.3%) ranging from around 12% in < 5 years to 94.7% in > 45 years, and a high sensitivity (83.8%) and specificity of PCR. Abnormal ECG tracing was predominant in chagasic patients and was already present among individuals younger than 13 years. SAPA (shed acute phase antigen) recombinant protein and the synthetic peptide R-13 were used as antigens in ELISA tests. The reactivity of SAPA was strongly associated to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and independent of the age of the patients but was not suitable neither for universal serodiagnosis nor for discrimination of specific phases of Chagas infection. Anti-R-13 response was observed in 27.5% only in chagasic patients. Moreover, anti-R13 reactivity was associated with early infection and not to cardiac pathology. This result questioned previous studies, which considered the anti-R-13 response as a marker of chronic Chagas heart disease. The major clonets 20 and 39 (belonging to Trypanosoma cruzi I and T. cruzi II respectively) which circulate in equal proportions in vectors of the studied area, were identified in patients' blood by PCR. Clonet 39 was selected over clonet 20 in the circulation whatever the age of the patient. The only factor related to strain detected in patients' blood, was the anti-R-13 reactivity: 37% of the patients infected by clonet 39 (94 cases) had anti-R13 antibodies contrasting with only 6% of the patients without clonet 39 (16 cases).

Published
2002
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12. A complementary tool for management of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infections in AIDS patients

Author

Iriart, Xavier, Blanchet, Denis, Ménard, Sandie, Lavergne, Rose-Anne, Chauvin, Pamela, Adenis, Antoine, Cassaing, Sophie, Fillaux, Judith, Magnaval, Jean-François, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Carme, Bernard, Bessieres, Marie-Hélène, Couppié, Pierre, Nacher, Mathieu, Berry, Antoine, Aznar, Christine, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
AIDS, reactivity, cross, histoplasmosis, galactomannan, antibody, parasitic diseases, Diagnosis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, bacterial infections and mycoses, Platelia, Histoplasma capsulatum
Abstract

International audience; In South America, disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (H. capsulatum), is a severe and frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. In areas outside the USA where specific-Histoplasma antigen detection is not available, the diagnosis is difficult. With the galactomannan antigen (GM) detection, a test commonly used for invasive aspergillosis diagnosis, there is a cross-reactivity with H. capsulatum that can be helpful for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the GM detection for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients. The performance of the GM detection was evaluated with serum collected in French Guiana where H. capsulatum is highly endemic. Sera from AIDS patients with disseminated histoplasmosis occurring from 2002 to 2009 and from control HIV-positive patients without histoplasmosis were tested with the GM detection and Histoplasma-specific antibody detection (IEP). In 39 AIDS patients with proven disseminated histoplasmosis, the sensitivity of the Histoplasma IEP was only 35.9% and was linked to the TCD4+ lymphocyte level. For the GM detection, the sensitivity (Se) was 76.9% and specificity (Sp) was 100% with the recommended threshold for aspergillosis diagnosis (0.5). The test was more efficient with a threshold of 0.4 (Se: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.66-0.92], Sp: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.86-1.00], LR+: >10, LR-: 0.18). This study confirms that the GM detection can be a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients in endemic areas where Histoplasma EIA is not available.

Published
2014
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13. HIV-Associated Histoplasmosis Early Mortality and Incidence Trends: From Neglect to Priority.: HIV - associated histoplasmosis early mortality

Author

Matthieu Hanf, Magalie Demar, Christine Aznar, Antoine Adenis, Rachida Boukhari, Vincent Vantilcke, Denis Blachet, Bernard Carme, Pierre Couppié, Mathieu Nacher, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie

Subjects
Male, Viral Diseases, Antifungal Agents, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Young adult, Histoplasmosis, 0303 health sciences, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, Incidence, Fungal Diseases, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Histoplasma capsulatum, French Guiana, Death, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Female, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Infectious Disease Control, lcsh:RC955-962, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Retrospective Studies, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, lcsh:RA1-1270, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract

Background Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved in this French overseas territory which offers an interesting model of Amazonian pathogen ecology. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals in French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. Results There were 124 deaths (45.3%) and 46 early deaths (16.8%) among 274 patients. Three time periods of particular interest were identified: 1992–1997, 1998–2004 and 2005–2011. The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths among annual incident histoplasmosis cases significantly declined four fold (χ2, p, Author Summary Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals of French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. Among 274 patients there were 46 early deaths (16.8%). The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths significantly divided four fold and the number of annual incident histoplasmosis cases increased three fold. The present example testifies that rapid progress could be at reach if awareness increases and leads to clinical and laboratory capacity building in order to diagnose and treat this curable disease.

Published
2014
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14. Tuberculosis and Histoplasmosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients: A Comparative Study

Author

Bernard Carme, Christine Aznar, Florence Huber, J. Dufour, Matthieu Hanf, Pierre Couppié, Mathieu Nacher, Antoine Adenis, Célia Basurko, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Investissement d'Avenir from the ANR, and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
Male, Opportunistic infection, MESH: Logistic Models, HIV Infections, Odds Ratio, Medicine, MESH: Histoplasmosis, MESH: Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, MESH: HIV Infections, Articles, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, French Guiana, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, C-Reactive Protein, Absolute neutrophil count, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Population, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Tuberculosis diagnosis, Virology, Internal medicine, MESH: C-Reactive Protein, Humans, education, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, HIV, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Male, Logistic Models, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, Multivariate Analysis, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; In disease-endemic areas, histoplasmosis is the main differential diagnosis for tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, no study has compared the two diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare tuberculosis and histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. A population of 205 HIV-infected patients (99 with tuberculosis and 106 with histoplasmosis) hospitalized in Cayenne, French Guiana during January 1, 1997-December 31, 2008 were selected retrospectively from the French Hospital Database on HIV. Multivariate analysis showed that tuberculosis was associated with cough (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05-0.73) and a C-reactive protein level > 70 mg/L (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). Variables associated with disseminated histoplasmosis were a γ-glutamyl transferase level > 72 IU/L (AOR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.31-18.99), origin from French Guiana (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.30-20.73), disseminated localization (AOR = 6.40, 95% CI = 1.44-28.45), a concomitant opportunistic infection (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI = 1.50-29.96), a neutrophil count < 2,750 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 10.54, 95% CI = 2.83-39.24), a CD4 cell count < 60 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 11.62, 95% CI = 2.30-58.63), and a platelet count < 150,000/mm(3) (AOR = 19.20, 95% CI = 3.35-110.14). Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis have similarities, but some factors show a greater association with one of these diseases. Thus, adapted therapeutic choices can be made by using simple clinical and paraclinical criteria.

Published
2014
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15. How many have died from undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-associated histoplasmosis, a treatable disease? Time to act

Author

Christine Aznar, Antoine Adenis, Denis Blanchet, Mathieu Nacher, Magalie Demar, Vincent Vantilcke, Bernard Carme, Pierre Couppié, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la Lutte contre le VIH, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
Pediatrics, MESH: Erythrocyte Deformability, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, MESH: Logistic Models, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Osteonecrosis, MESH: Risk Assessment, Perspective Piece, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Risk Factors, Prevalence, Medicine, MESH: Histoplasmosis, MESH: Antisickling Agents, MESH: Tuberculosis, MESH: Incidence, Histoplasmosis, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: HIV Infections, MESH: Hydroxyurea, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Anemia, Sickle Cell, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Histoplasma, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, MESH: United States, Humans, MESH: Histoplasma, MESH: Prevalence, MESH: Central America, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Central America, MESH: South America, South America, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, United States, MESH: Male, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum capsulatum infection often mimics tuberculosis. This disease is well know in the United States but is dramatically underdiagnosed in Central and South America. In the Amazon region, given the available incidence data and the regional HIV prevalence, it is expected that, every year, 1,500 cases of histoplasmosis affect HIV patients in that region alone. Given the mortality in undiagnosed patients, at least 600 patients would be expected to die from an undiagnosed but treatable disease. The lack of a simple diagnostic tool and the lack of awareness by clinicians spiral in a vicious cycle and made a major problem invisible for 30 years. The HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome community should tackle this problem now to prevent numerous avoidable deaths from HIV-associated histoplasmosis in the region and elsewhere.

Published
2014
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16. HIV-Associated Histoplasmosis Early Mortality and Incidence Trends: From Neglect to Priority

Author

Adenis, Antoine, Nacher, Mathieu, Hanf, Matthieu, Vantilcke, Vincent, Boukhari, Rachida, Blanchet, Denis, Demar, Magalie Pierre, Aznar, Christine, Carme, Bernard, Couppié, Pierre, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie

Subjects
AIDS, Death, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Histoplasmosis, Histoplasma capsulatum, French Guiana
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved in this French overseas territory which offers an interesting model of Amazonian pathogen ecology. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals in French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: There were 124 deaths (45.3%) and 46 early deaths (16.8%) among 274 patients. Three time periods of particular interest were identified: 1992-1997, 1998-2004 and 2005-2011. The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths among annual incident histoplasmosis cases significantly declined four fold (χ2, p

Published
2014
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17. Disentangling the complexity of infectious diseases: Time is ripe to improve the first-line statistical toolbox for epidemiologists

Author

Matthieu Hanf, Ismaïl Ahmed, Mathieu Nacher, Jean-François Guégan, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, U708, Neuroepidemiology, F-75005, Paris, France, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), ADENIS, ANTOINE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Epidemiology, First line, Multi-level organization, Interactions, Complex system, Biology, Communicable Diseases, Microbiology, Structural equation modeling, Generalized linear mixed model, MESH: Linear Models, Genetics, Humans, Molecular Biology, Nonlinearity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, Generalized additive model, Statistics, Linear model, Complexity, Data science, Toolbox, 3. Good health, MESH: Epidemiology, Complex dynamics, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Linear Models, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract

International audience; Because many biological processes related to the dynamics of infectious diseases are caused by complex interactions between the environment, the host(s) and the agent(s), the necessity to address the methodological implications of this inherent complexity has recently emerged in epidemiology. Most epidemiologists now acknowledge that most human infectious diseases are likely to have complex dynamics. However, this knowledge still percolates with difficulty in their statistical "modus operandi". Indeed, for the study of complex systems, the traditional first-line statistical toolbox of epidemiologists (mainly built around the Generalized Linear Model family), despite its undeniable practicality and robustness, has structural limitations deprecating its usefulness. Three major sources of complexity neglected or not taken into account by this first-line statistical toolbox and having deep statistical implications are the multi-level organization of data, the non-linear relationships between variables and the complex interactions between variables. Three promising candidates to incorporate along with traditional tools for a new first-line statistical toolbox more suitable to apprehend these sources of complexity are the generalized linear mixed models, the generalized additive models, and the structural equation models. The aforementioned methodologies have the advantage to be generalizations of GLM models and are relatively easy to implement. Their assimilation and implementation would thus be greatly facilitated for epidemiologists. More globally, this text underlines that an improved use of other methods as such described here compared to traditional ones has to be performed to better understand the complexity challenging epidemiologists every day. This is particularly true in the field of infectious diseases for which major public health challenges will have to be addressed in the coming decades.

Published
2013
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18. Primary Prophylaxis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in HIV Patients in French Guiana: Arguments for Cost Effectiveness

Author

Vincent Vantilcke, Célia Basurko, Antoine Adenis, Mathieu Nacher, Christine Aznar, Pierre Couppié, Bernard Carme, Denis Blanchet, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Antifungal Agents, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, HIV Infections, MESH: Hospitalization, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Histoplasmosis, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Cohort Studies, Histoplasmosis, health care economics and organizations, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Incidence, MESH: HIV Infections, Articles, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Female, Itraconazole, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Disseminated histoplasmosis, Virology, MESH: French Guiana, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, MESH: Humans, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Euros, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Surgery, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Hiv patients, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parasitology, business, MESH: Itraconazole, MESH: Female, MESH: Cost-Benefit Analysis
Abstract

International audience; Histoplasmosis is the first cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related deaths in French Guiana. Cohort data were used to determine whether primary prophylaxis with 100 mg itraconazole for patients with CD4 counts < 150/mm(3) was cost-effective with different scenarios. For a scenario where 12% of patients died, 60% were aware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and adherence was only 50%, primary prophylaxis would prevent 1 death and 9 cases of histoplasmosis for a cost of 36,792 Euros per averted death, 1,533 per life-year saved, 4,415 Euros per averted case, when only counting the costs of itraconazole prophylaxis. Taking into account the total costs of hospitalization showed that primary prophylaxis would allow a savings of 185,178 Euros per year. Even in a scenario of low adherence, primary prophylaxis would be cost-effective in French Guiana, and presumably in the rest of the Guianas and the Amazon.

Published
2013
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19. The burden of Plasmodium vivax relapses in an Amerindian village in French Guiana

Author

Muriel Ville, Mathieu Nacher, Delphine Lemonnier, Félix Djossou, Célia Basurko, Narcisse Elenga, Magalie Demar, Paul Brousse, Bernard Carme, Aurélia Stefani, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Pharmacie Centrale, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Service de Pédiatrie, Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and BMC, Ed.

Subjects
Male, Opinion, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Primaquine, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Drug Prescriptions, Cohort Studies, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Retrospective Studies, First episode, biology, business.industry, Indians, South American, Public health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Child, Preschool, Tropical medicine, Immunology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, business, Malaria, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; : Malaria is a public health problem in French Guiana. Plasmodium vivax is the most frequent parasite. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the proportion of relapses in the burden of vivax malaria using the statistical rule stating that any case of vivax malaria occurring less than 90 days following a first episode is a relapse.A total of 622 subjects were followed for 2,9 years with 336 first single episodes of P. vivax malaria, and a total of 1,226 episodes of vivax malaria among which 559 were relapses (45.5%). For 194 patients having had falciparum malaria followed by vivax malaria it was estimated that 19% of the vivax episodes occurred less than 90 days following the falciparum episode and thus were possibly relapses due to the activation of latent hypnozoites. Despite the number of vivax cases and the number of relapses, there were only 28 recorded primaquine prescriptions (3.4% of vivax episodes, 4.5% of subjects).The present study points out that despite the fact that nearly half of the P. vivax cases, many of which in children, are caused by latent hypnozoites, only a minority of them benefit from primaquine radical cure. The obstacles to this are discussed and suggestions are made to reduce the burden of vivax malaria in Camopi and other remote health centres in French Guiana.

Published
2013
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20. Climate and Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Author

J. Dufour, Matthieu Hanf, Antoine Adenis, Amaury Roger, Célia Basurko, Dominique Sainte Marie, Pierre Couppié, Stéphane Simon, Denis Blanchet, Bernard Carme, Mathieu Nacher, Anne Sophie Drogoul, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
Multivariate statistics, MESH: Leishmaniasis, Multivariate analysis, MESH: Leishmania, Climate, Rain, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: DNA, Protozoan, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, MESH: French Guiana, MESH: Humidity, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Weather, MESH: Incidence, Leishmaniasis, Weather, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Leishmania, MESH: El Nino-Southern Oscillation, MESH: Humans, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Temperature, Climatic variables, Humidity, Articles, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, MESH: Climate, MESH: Temperature, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Geography, El Niño Southern Oscillation, El Niño, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 13. Climate action, Multivariate Analysis, Parasitology, MESH: Rain, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Demography
Abstract

International audience; To study the link between climatic variables and the incidence of leishmaniasis a study was conducted in Cayenne, French Guiana. Patients infected between January 1994 and December 2010. Meteorological data were studied in relation to the incidence of leishmaniasis using an ARIMA model. In the final model, the infections were negatively correlated with rainfall (with a 2-month lag) and with the number of days with rainfall > 50 mm (lags of 4 and 7 months). The variables that were positively correlated were temperature and the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index with lags of 8 and 4 months, respectively. Significantly greater correlations were observed in March for rainfall and in November for the Multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation Index. Climate thus seems to be a non-negligible explanatory variable for the fluctuations of leishmaniasis. A decrease in rainfall is linked to increased cases 2 months later. This easily perceptible point could lead to an interesting prevention message.

Published
2013
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21. Land cover, land use and malaria in the Amazon: a systematic literature review of studies using remotely sensed data

Author

Eduardo S. Moreno, Ana Paula Sales de Andrade Corrêa, Alana C. S. Soares, Nadine Dessay, Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo, Emmanuel Roux, Clicia Denis Galardo, Isabelle Dusfour, Lise Musset, Helen da Costa Gurgel, Romain Girod, Aurélia Stefani, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes, Mathieu Nacher, Ana Cristina da Silva Ferreira Lima, Bernard Carme, Manoel C. B. Cruz, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), STRonGer programme - Strenghtening Transdisciplinary Research on Infectious and Emerging Diseases in French Guiana [Cayenne, Guyane française] (STRonGer), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'entomologie médicale, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Oiapoque, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Amapá (LACEN-AP), Gerência de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Institucional - Saúde Pública, Department of Geography, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena - Amapá e Norte do Pará, Ministerio da Saude-Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena, Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Agência de Desenvolvimento do Amapá, Macapá, The study was supported by OSE-Guyamapá, a cross-border cooperation project funded by the operational program 'Amazonie' of the European Regional Development Fund in French Guiana. This work has benefited from an 'Investissement d'Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01). AS was partially funded by the CAPACITY specific programme (call STRonGer) FP7-REGPOT- 2011-1 (Grant agreement REGPOT-CT-2011-285837). This work is also supported by the Oyapock Human-Environment Observatory of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)., BMC, Ed., Instituto de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]

Subjects
Time Factors, Review, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Human Activities, 030212 general & internal medicine, Geography, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Malária, Agriculture, Remote sensing, Solos - uso, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), Systematic review, Infectious Diseases, Remote sensing (archaeology), [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Sensoriamento remoto, Land cover, Florestas - Amazônia, 030231 tropical medicine, Landscape ecology, Plant Development, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Environmental factors, Animals, Humans, Amazon, Ecosystem, Land use, business.industry, South America, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, Ecologia, Malaria, Typology, Culicidae, Remote Sensing Technology, Parasitology, business
Abstract

International audience; The nine countries sharing the Amazon forest accounted for 89% of all malaria cases reported in the Americas in 2008. Remote sensing can help identify the environmental determinants of malaria transmission and their temporo-spatial evolution. Seventeen studies characterizing land cover or land use features, and relating them to malaria in the Amazon subregion, were identified. These were reviewed in order to improve the understanding of the land cover/use class roles in malaria transmission. The indicators affecting the transmission risk were summarized in terms of temporal components, landscape fragmentation and anthropic pressure. This review helps to define a framework for future studies aiming to characterize and monitor malaria.

Published
2013
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22. Disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-Infected patients in South America: a neglected killer continues on its rampage

Author

Stephen Vreden, Vincent Vantilcke, Denis Blanchet, Maria Calvacante, Sandra Hermelijn, Angela Restrepo, Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão, Christine Aznar, Silvia Helena Marques da Silva, Cristina E. Canteros, Marja Van Eer, Rachida Boukhari, Antoine Adenis, Sigrid Mc Donald, Monika Roy, Ángela Urrego Tobón, Tom Chiller, Maurimelia Mesquita Da Costa, Mathieu Nacher, Pierre Couppié, Marizette Silva, Rosilene Malcher Leite, Ivina Lopes Lima, Angela M. Ahlquist, Merril Wongsokarijo, Cyrille Vautrin, Beatriz L. Gómez, Olivier Lortholary, Shanti Singh, Bernard Carme, Christina M. Scheel, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Academisch Ziekenhuis, Paramaribo Hospital, Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Amapa, Hospital de Clinicas Dr. Alberto Lima, National AIDS Program, Ministary of Health, Public Health Central Laboratory of Suriname, Public health, Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Médico clínico, Departamento de Saude Comunitaria, Universidade Federal do Ceará = Federal University of Ceará (UFC)-Faculdade de Medicina, Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporacion para Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB), SERVICIO ANTIMICROBIANOS, Dpto. Bacteriología-Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Context (language use), medicine.disease_cause, Histoplasmosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Disseminated histoplasmosis, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Hiv infected patients, Amphotericin, Epidemiologia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cause of death, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Neglected Disease, Neglected Diseases, HIV, lcsh:RA1-1270, Am?rica do Sul / epidemiologia, South America, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Clinical laboratories, Diagnostic medicine, 3. Good health, Histoplasmose, Infectious Diseases, Editorial, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, HIV epidemiology, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Brazil
Abstract

Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Epid?miologie Clinique Antilles Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana, France. / Universite? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana. Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Epid?miologie Clinique Antilles Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana, France. / Universite? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana. Academisch Ziekenhuis Paramaribo Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. National AIDS Program. Georgetown, Guyana. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Academisch Ziekenhuis Paramaribo Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname. Public Health Central Laboratory of Suriname. Paramaribo, Suriname. Diakonessenhuis Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Hospital de Clinicas Dr. Alberto Lima. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Hospital de Clinicas Dr. Alberto Lima. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Cear? - Faculdade de Medicina - Departamento de Sa?de Comunitaria. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Corporaci?n para Investigaciones Biol?gicas. Medell?n, Colombia. Corporaci?n para Investigaciones Biol?gicas. Medell?n, Colombia Corporaci?n para Investigaciones Biol?gicas. Medell?n, Colombia INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbr?n". Buenos Aires, Argentina Universit? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Universit? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais. Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana, France Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais. Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana, France Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais. Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana, France Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Institut Pasteur. National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals. Molecular Mycology Unit. Paris, France Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Epid?miologie Clinique Antilles Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana, France. / Universite? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Universit? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Academisch Ziekenhuis Paramaribo Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname

Published
2013
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23. Discriminating malaria from dengue fever in endemic areas: clinical and biological criteria, prognostic score and utility of the C-reactive protein: a retrospective matched-pair study in French Guiana

Author

Matthieu Hanf, Bernard Carme, Mathieu Nacher, Philippe Dussart, Loïc Epelboin, Félix Djossou, Charlotte Boullé, S. Ouar-Epelboin, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), French National Reference Centre for Arboviruse, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
Male, Multivariate analysis, Epidemiology, Dengue fever, Dengue Fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, Plasmodium Vivax, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, Aged, 80 and over, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Plasmodium Falciparum, C-Reactive Protein, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Biomarker (medicine), Medicine, Female, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, Anemia, 030231 tropical medicine, Sensitivity and Specificity, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, Infant, Tropical Diseases (Non-Neglected), lcsh:RA1-1270, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Malaria, Biomarker Epidemiology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Clinical Medicine, business
Abstract

Background Dengue and malaria are two major public health concerns in tropical settings. Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne diseases differ, their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific. During dengue epidemics, several hundred patients with fever and diffuse pain are weekly admitted at the emergency room. It is difficult to discriminate them from patients presenting malaria attacks. Furthermore, it may be impossible to provide a parasitological microscopic examination for all patients. This study aimed to establish a diagnostic algorithm for communities where dengue fever and malaria occur at some frequency in adults. Methodology/Principal Findings A sub-study using the control groups of a case-control study in French Guiana – originally designed to compare dengue and malaria co-infected cases to single infected cases – was performed between 2004 and 2010. In brief, 208 patients with malaria matched to 208 patients with dengue fever were compared in the present study. A predictive score of malaria versus dengue was established using .632 bootstrap procedures. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, age, tachycardia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and CRP>5 mg/l were independently associated with malaria. The predictive score using those variables had an AUC of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.82–0.89), and the CRP was the preponderant predictive factor. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP>5 mg/L to discriminate malaria from dengue were of 0.995 (95%CI: 0.991–1) and 0.35 (95%CI 0.32–0.39), respectively. Conclusions/Significance The clinical and biological score performed relatively well for discriminating cases of dengue versus malaria. Moreover, using only the CRP level turned to be a useful biomarker to discriminate feverish patients at low risk of malaria in an area where both infections exist. It would avoid more than 33% of unnecessary parasitological examinations with a very low risk of missing a malaria attack., Author Summary The authors present a retrospective matched-pair study on dengue and malaria performed in French Guiana. These two infections are major public health concerns in tropical regions, especially in South America and Southeast Asia, where they affect neglected populations which makes them interesting to be published in a journal aiming to publish about neglected tropical diseases. Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne differ, their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific. During dengue epidemics, hundreds of patients are admitted weekly with diffuse pains and fever at the emergency room. Among them, it is difficult to accurately distinguish malaria attacks, which are far less frequent than dengue fever cases. Moreover, it may be impossible to provide a parasitological microscopic examination for all patients. We believe the results of the present study, based on a sample of n = 416 individual are worthwhile as they support evidence that biological factors can help to discriminate between the two, in areas where they co-exist in endemic areas. A simple prognostic score based on clinical and biological criteria was built, interesting and easy-to-use for physicians in tropical areas.

Published
2012
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24. Characterisation of multi-scale of Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence in children of Camopi, French Guiana, by means of remotely sensed data

Author

Roux, Emmanuel, Stefani, Aurelia, Carme, Bernard, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
EPIDEMIOLOGIE, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, VECTEUR, COMMUNAUTE AMERINDIENNE, PALUDISME, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, GEOGRAPHIE DE LA SANTE, ENFANT, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, ANALYSE FACTORIELLE, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, TELEDETECTION, DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE, INCIDENCE
Abstract

International audience; Malaria remains a major health problem in French Guiana despite the decrease in the number of cases since 2010. A previous study in Camopi, an Amerindian village on the Oyapock River, revealed that Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence was significantly related to landscape features and that its spatial distribution exhibited some obvious patterns. In the present study, we first identified the spatial patterns that exhibit a significant Moran's index of spatial auto-correlation and that significantly explain P. falciparum malaria incidence within the multiple linear regression framework. Secondly, we linked these patterns with remotely sensed environmental features. The selected model is composed of five spatial components: three patterns, representing 50.7% of the total variance, are associated with large scale variations of the incidence, and the remaining patterns are associated with local scale variations and represent 28.7% of the total variance. Different hamlet clusters that have specificities in terms of P. falciparum malaria incidence rate, environmental characteristics and mosquito control strategies have been identified. The methodology proposed in the present study can provide useful knowledge on the spatial distribution of the P. falciparum malaria incidence in Camopi at different scales and on possible explanation of such distribution, as a function of the scale.

Published
2012

25. Helminth-infected patients with malaria: a low profile transmission hub?

Author

Mathieu Nacher, BMC, Ed., Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]

Subjects
Opinion, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Helminthiasis, Context (language use), Biology, Parasite load, Parasite Load, law.invention, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Immunomodulation, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, Gametocyte, Prevalence, Animals, Humans, Transmission, lcsh:RC109-216, Worms, Coinfection, Incidence, Anemia, medicine.disease, Malaria, Asymptomatic, Disease Models, Animal, Transmission (mechanics), Infectious Diseases, Vector (epidemiology), Immunology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Parasitology, Vector, Demography
Abstract

International audience; ABSTRACT: Eclipsed by the debates about malaria incidence and severity in individual patients, malaria transmission in helminth-infected persons has so far received very little attention. Studies in humans have shown increased malaria incidence and prevalence, and a trend for a reduction of symptoms in patients with malaria. This suggests that such patients could possibly be less likely to seek treatment thus carrying malaria parasites and their gametocytes for longer durations, therefore, being a greater potential source of transmission. In addition, in humans, a study showed increased gametocyte carriage, and in an animal model of helminth-malaria co-infection, there was increased malaria transmission. These elements converge towards the hypothesis that patients co-infected with worms and malaria may represent a hub of malaria transmission. The test of this hypothesis requires verifying, in different epidemiological settings, that helminth-infected patients have more gametocytes, that they have less symptomatic malaria and longer-lasting infections, and that they are more attractive for the vectors. The negative outcome in one setting of one of the above aspects does not necessarily mean that the other two aspects may suffice to increase transmission. If it is verified that patients co-infected by worms and malaria could be a transmission hub, this would be an interesting piece of strategic information in the context of the spread of anti-malarial resistance and the malaria eradication attempts.

Published
2012
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26. Hyperparasitaemia during bouts of malaria in French Guiana

Author

Bernard Carme, Magalie Demar, BMC, Ed., Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (U. M. I. T.), and Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Plasmodium falciparum, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Parasitemia, Parasite load, Parasite Load, law.invention, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Severe malaria, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, Hyperparasitaemia, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, business.industry, Research, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, Blood, Tropical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Parasitology, business
Abstract

Background High circulating parasite load is one of the WHO criteria for severe falciparum malaria. During a period of 11 years (2000–2010), the frequency of hyperparasitaemia (HP) (≥4% infected erythrocytes) during bouts of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae in patients referred to Cayenne General Hospital (CGH) in French Guiana and the frequency of their admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were evaluated. Methods A mean of 1,150 malaria cases were referred to the Parasitology Laboratory of CGH each year over the last decade. During this period, malaria diagnostic (microscopy) and parasitaemia evaluation have remained unchanged: determination of the parasitized erythrocytes percentage with asexual forms on thin blood smears for all cases of parasitaemia exceeding 0.1%. Patients admitted to the ICU can be counted by origin of the request for malaria testing. All the data collected retrospectively were anonymized in a standardized case report form and in database. Results Between 2000 and 2010, 12,254 bouts of malaria were confirmed at the Parasitology Laboratory of CHG: P. vivax: 56.2%, P. falciparum: 39.5%, co-infection with both species: 3.4%, P. malariae: 0.9%. HP was observed in 262 cases, at a frequency of 4.9% for P. falciparum and only 0.041% for P. vivax, with no recorded cases for P. malariae. The need for intensive care was correlated with P. falciparum parasite load: 12.3% of cases for parasitaemia of 4-9%, 21.2% for parasitaemia 10-19%, 50% for parasitaemia 20-29% and 77.8% for parasitaemia ≥30% (n=9). The patient with the highest parasitaemia (75% infected erythrocytes with asexual form) presented a major concomitant lupus flare-up treated with corticoids. He survived without obvious sequelae. Conclusions In French Guiana during bouts of malaria, HP was observed at a frequency of ~ 5% for P. falciparum and two orders of magnitude less frequent for P. vivax. HP is a severity criterion for falciparum malaria in this endemic area. However, two of the patients with HP ≥30% were not admitted to the ICU and sequel-free cure in malaria patients with 75% parasitaemia is, therefore, possible.

Published
2012
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27. Acute lung, heart, liver, and pancreatic involvements with hyponatremia and retinochoroiditis in a 33-year-old French Guianan patient

Author

Matthieu Groh, Patrick Yeni, Daniel Ajzenberg, Magalie Demar, Véronique Joly, Dominique Aubert, Isabelle Villena, Sandrine Houze, Bernard Carme, Cécile Charlois-Ou, Alexandra Faussart, Stéphane Simon, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Recherche en Pathologie Infectieuse, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) ( CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane ( CIC - Antilles Guyane ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU de la Martinique-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales ( UMIT ), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales ( MERIT - UMR_D 216 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Travel-Associated Diseases, Pathology, Choroiditis, RC955-962, Lung pathology, MESH: Choroiditis, 0302 clinical medicine, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, MESH : Myocardium, Neuroepidemiology, MESH : Pancreas, Lung, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Guinea, 0303 health sciences, MESH : Guinea, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH : Adult, MESH : Hyponatremia, MESH: Pancreas, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Liver, MESH: Toxoplasmosis, language, Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Liver pathology, Toxoplasmosis, Hyponatremia, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Myocardium, Infectious Disease Control, MESH : Lung, MESH : Male, 030231 tropical medicine, Old French, MESH : Toxoplasmosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Parasitic Diseases, Lung heart, medicine, Humans, MESH: Lung, Pancreas, 030304 developmental biology, Symposium, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Myocardium, General surgery, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH : Liver, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, language.human_language, MESH: Hyponatremia, Guinea, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH : Choroiditis, MESH: Liver
Abstract

1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Hopital Bichat, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France, 2 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Hopital Bichat, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France, 3 National Reference Centre on Toxoplasmosis and Biological Resource Centre Toxoplasma, EA3800, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU Maison Blanche, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France, 4 INSERM UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France, 5 EA 3593, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Cayenne Hospital, University of the Antilles and Guyana, Cayenne, French Guiana

Published
2012
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28. THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND MALARIA

Author

Nacher, Mathieu, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine-Tulane University, and non

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Le numéro ISSN inscrit dans ce dépôt est en fait le numéro ISBN, nous n'avons pas le numéro ISSN ISBN: 978-0-470-97247-2

Published
2012

29. Acute toxoplasmoses in immunocompetent patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit in French Guiana

Author

Bernard Carme, Anne Marie Bourbigot, Magalie Demar, Daniel Ajzenberg, Marie-Laure Dardé, C. Peneau, Didier Hommel, Dominique Louvel, Rachida Boukhari, Félix Djossou, Valéry Nasser, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicale, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais (CHOG), CHOG-Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), and Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, Pneumonia severity index, 030231 tropical medicine, Severity of Illness Index, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Severity of illness, medicine, Amazonian toxoplasmosis, Humans, atypical Toxoplasma gondii, Prospective Studies, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, Intensive care medicine, disseminated infection, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, life-threatening pneumonia, General Medicine, Toxoplasmoses, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Survival Analysis, Toxoplasmosis, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Pneumonia, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, business, Toxoplasma, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Atypical Toxoplasma gondii strains, unrelated to archetypal clonal lineages (I, II, III), have been reported more frequently over the last decade in areas other than Europe and North America. A newly described form of toxoplasmosis, 'Amazonian toxoplasmosis' (AT), has been reported since 2002 in French Guiana. It is characterized by severe cases and atypical strains linked to a neotropical forest-based cycle. We report on the cases of AT that required intensive care management. We performed a prospective observational study on hospitalized adults in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from 2002 to 2008. Clinical and laboratory data, microbiological findings and outcomes were recorded. Data, including the ICU simplified acute physiology score and the pneumonia severity index, were calculated. Epidemiological risk factors for AT were assessed through questionnaires. Eleven non-immunodeficient patients were admitted to the ICU in Cayenne for life-threatening pneumonia associated with disseminated toxoplasmosis. Mechanical ventilation was necessary in seven patients, four of whom required immediate orotracheal intubation. Cardiac and ophthalmological abnormalities were found in five and four patients, respectively. One patient died from multiple organ failure. The genetic characterization of Toxoplasma DNA using six microsatellite markers revealed unique and atypical genotypes in eight patients. All patients presented epidemiological risk factors for AT. In French Guiana, significant T. gondii-related infectious syndrome associated with the lungs, a high level of LDH activity and the reported risk factors for AT was strongly suggestive of disseminated toxoplasmosis with a possible trend toward life-threatening pneumonia.

Published
2011
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30. Human impact on genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii: example of the anthropized environment from French Guiana

Author

D. Blanchet, Sébastien Devillard, Marie-Laure Dardé, Henri Bonnabau, Daniel Ajzenberg, B. de Thoisy, Stéphane Simon, Frédéric Collinet, Magalie Demar, Rachida Boukhari, Bernard Carme, Aurélien Mercier, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Ecologie et évolution des populations, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité Fonctionnelle de Recherche Clinique et de Biostatistique (UFRCB), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais (CHOG), CHOG-Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais-CHOG-Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
MESH: Genotype, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Models, Genetic, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Principal Component Analysis, MESH: Toxoplasmosis, Animal, biology, MESH: Toxoplasma, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Phylogeography, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Phylogeography, MESH: Toxoplasmosis, Microsatellite, Inbreeding, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Bayes Theorem, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, MESH: French Guiana, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Genotyping, MESH: Mice, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Principal Component Analysis, Genetic diversity, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, Molecular epidemiology, Models, Genetic, Toxoplasma gondii, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, Anthropization, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: Wilderness, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Wilderness, MESH: Microsatellite Repeats, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

International audience; In French Guiana, severe cases of toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients are associated with atypical strains of Toxoplasma gondii linked to a wild neotropical rainforest cycle and a higher genetic diversity than usually observed for T. gondii isolates from anthropized environment. This raises the question of the impact of anthropization of the natural environment, on genetic diversity and on the population structure of T. gondii. However, few data are available on strains circulating in the anthropized areas from French Guiana. Seropositive animals originating mainly from anthropized sub-urban areas and punctually from wild environment in French Guiana were analyzed for T. gondii isolation and genotyping. Thirty-three strains were obtained by bioassay in mice and compared with 18 previously reported isolates chiefly originating from the Amazon rainforest. The genotyping analysis performed with 15 microsatellite markers located on 12 different chromosomes revealed a lower genetic diversity in the anthropized environment. Results were analyzed in terms of population structure by clustering methods, Neighbor-joining trees reconstruction based on genetic distances, F(ST,) Mantel's tests and linkage disequilibrium. They clearly showed a genetic differentiation between strains associated to the anthropized environment and those associated to the wild, but with some inbreeding between them. The majority of strains from the anthropized environment were clustered into additional lineages of T. gondii that are common in the Caribbean. In conclusion the two environmental populations "wild" and "anthropized" were genetically well differentiated. The anthropization of the environment seems to be accompanied with a decreased diversity of T. gondii associated with a greater structure of the populations. We detected potential interpenetration and genetic exchanges between these two environmental populations. As a higher pathogenicity in human of "wild" genotypes has been described, the interpenetration of both environments leads to hybridization between strains that may be at risk for human health.

Published
2011
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31. Studying relationships between environment and malaria incidence in Camopi (French Guiana) through the objective selection of buffer-based landscape characterisations

Author

Emmanuel Roux, Aurélia Stefani, Bernard Carme, Jean-Marie Fotsing, Expertise et spatialisation des connaissances en environnement (ESPACE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], The study was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the Fonds Social Européen (FSE), BMC, Ed., Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]

Subjects
Male, Multivariate analysis, Plasmodium vivax, Business, Management and Accounting(all), environmental risk factors, Trees, remote sensing, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Bites and Stings, Malaria, Falciparum, Socioeconomics, Child, landscape modelling, biology, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Anopheles, French Guiana, Geography, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, lcsh:R858-859.7, buffer, Computer Science(all), Akaike information criterion, Plasmodium falciparum, medicine.medical_specialty, model selection, General Computer Science, Health geography, 030231 tropical medicine, Environment, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Age Distribution, parasitic diseases, medicine, Malaria, Vivax, Animals, Humans, Sex Distribution, Selection (genetic algorithm), Models, Statistical, Public health, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, General Business, Management and Accounting, Health Surveys, Insect Vectors, Malaria, Socioeconomic Factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Multivariate Analysis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Background Malaria remains a major health problem in French Guiana, with a mean of 3800 cases each year. A previous study in Camopi, an Amerindian village on the Oyapock River, highlighted the major contribution of environmental features to the incidence of malaria attacks. We propose a method for the objective selection of the best multivariate peridomestic landscape characterisation that maximises the chances of identifying relationships between environmental features and malaria incidence, statistically significant and meaningful from an epidemiological point of view. Methods A land-cover map, the hydrological network and the geolocalised inhabited houses were used to characterise the peridomestic landscape in eleven discoid buffers with radii of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 metres. Buffer-based landscape characterisations were first compared in terms of their capacity to discriminate between sites within the geographic space and of their effective multidimensionality in variable space. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was then used to select the landscape model best explaining the incidences of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria. Finally, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for the relationships between environmental variables and malaria incidence, by species, for the more relevant buffers. Results The optimal buffers for environmental characterisation had radii of 100 m around houses for P. vivax and 400 m around houses for P. falciparum. The incidence of P. falciparum malaria seemed to be more strongly linked to environmental features than that of P. vivax malaria, within these buffers. The incidence of P. falciparum malaria in children was strongly correlated with proportions of bare soil (r = -0.69), land under high vegetation (r = 0.68) and primary forest (r = 0.54), landscape division (r = 0.48) and the number of inhabited houses (r = -0.60). The incidence of P. vivax malaria was associated only with landscape division (r = 0.49). Conclusions The proposed methodology provides a simple and general framework for objective characterisation of the landscape to account for field observations. The use of this method enabled us to identify different optimal observation horizons around houses, depending on the Plasmodium species considered, and to demonstrate significant correlations between environmental features and the incidence of malaria.

Published
2011
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32. Environmental, entomological, socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors for malaria attacks in Amerindian children of Camopi, French Guiana

Author

Matthieu Hanf, Mathieu Nacher, Romain Girod, Aurélia Stefani, Bernard Carme, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité d'entomologie médicale, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], The study was supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), and BMC, Ed.

Subjects
Male, Entomology, Climate, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Environmental protection, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Bites and Stings, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Geography, biology, Transmission (medicine), Anopheles, French Guiana, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Socioeconomic status, Models, Statistical, Research, Indians, South American, Public health, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Feeding Behavior, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Malaria, Socioeconomic Factors, Tropical medicine, Parasitology
Abstract

Background Malaria is a major health issue in French Guiana. Amerindian communities remain the most affected. A previous study in Camopi highlighted the predominant role of environmental factors in the occurrence of malaria. However, all parameters involved in the transmission were not clearly identified. A new survey was conducted in order to clarify the risk factors for the presence of malaria cases in Camopi. Methods An open cohort of children under seven years of age was set up on the basis of biologically confirmed malaria cases for the period 2001-2009. Epidemiological and observational environmental data were collected using two structured questionnaires. Data were analysed with a multiple failures multivariate Cox model. The influence of climate and the river level on malaria incidence was evaluated by time-series analysis. Relationships between Anopheles darlingi human biting rates and malaria incidence rates were estimated using Spearman's rank correlation. Results The global annual incidence over the nine-year period was 238 per 1,000 for Plasmodium falciparum, 514 per 1,000 for Plasmodium visa and 21 per 1,000 for mixed infections. The multivariate survival analysis associated higher malaria incidence with living on the Camopi riverside vs. the Oyapock riverside, far from the centre of the Camopi hamlet, in a home with numerous occupants and going to sleep late. On the contrary, living in a house cleared of all vegetation within 50 m and at high distance of the forest were associated with a lower risk. Meteorological and hydrological characteristics appeared to be correlated with malaria incidence with different lags. Anopheles darlingi human biting rate was also positively correlated to incident malaria in children one month later. Conclusions Malaria incidence in children remains high in young children despite the appearance of immunity in children around three years of age. The closeness environment but also the meteorological parameters play an important role in malaria transmission among children under seven years of age in Camopi.

Published
2011
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33. Laboratory-based surveillance for Cryptosporidium in France, 2006-2009

Author

D. Haouchine, Sandrine Houzé, Didier Basset, Adela Angoulvant, C. Chartier, Eric Dannaoui, Christine Aznar, Francis Derouin, Gabriela Certad, Frédéric Dalle, B. Degeilh, Jean-Marc Dewitte, Françoise Botterel, Marie-Laure Dardé, Chantal Duhamel, A. Berry, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, M. Cambon, Patrice Agnamey, G. Belkadi, B. Couprie, Bernard Carme, Patrice Bourée, Pierre Buffet, Pascal Beaudeau, E. Dei Cas, Thanh Hai Duong, Alain Bonnin, Karine Guyot, Dominique Aubert, Frédéric Grenouillet, Pierre Flori, Jean Dupouy-Camet, Loïc Favennec, Gilles Gargala, N. Desbois, Nausicaa Gantois, Ml Grillot, Alexandra Faussart, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lapeyronnie, Département santé environnement, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de parasitologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France, CHU Fort de France, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), The ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (ACNN) is supported by a grant from InVS and ANOFEL. The genotyping was also supported financially by the French Ministry of Research (EA 3609)., We thank Nathalie Lelieur for providing useful assistance in data analysis, Anthony Pinon for his advice on statistics and Annie Sulahian for English revision of the manuscript., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR113-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204 ( CIIL ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -IFR142-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Rouen-Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles ( UA ), Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Hôpital Necker, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) ( CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée ( NETEC ), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST FR CNRS 3503 ) -Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes ( GIMAP ), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition ( ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
Male, Veterinary medicine, MESH: Cryptosporidium, Epidemiology, MESH : Aged, Cryptosporidiosis, MESH : Child, Preschool, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, Genotype, MESH : Population Surveillance, MESH : Female, Child, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Incidence (epidemiology), MESH: Infant, Newborn, Cryptosporidium, MESH : Infant, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, MESH : Cryptosporidium, Canis, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Female, France, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH : Male, MESH: Disease Notification, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH : Young Adult, Biology, MESH : Infant, Newborn, MESH: Population Surveillance, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, MESH : Adolescent, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : France, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH : Cryptosporidiosis, Disease Notification, Genotyping, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Public health, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Cryptosporidiosis, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, MESH : Disease Notification, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, MESH: France, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract

International audience; In 2002, the French Food Safety Agency drew attention to the lack of information on the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the country. Two years later, the ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (ACNN) was set up to provide public health authorities with data on the incidence and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Constituted on a voluntary basis, ACNN includes 38 hospital parasitology laboratories (mainly in university hospitals). Each laboratory is engaged to notify new cases of confirmed human cryptosporidiosis, store specimens (e.g. stools, duodenal aspirates or biopsies) and related clinical and epidemiological data, using data sheet forms. From January 2006 to December 2009, 407 cryptosporidiosis cases were notified in France and 364 specimens were collected. Of the notified cases, 74 were children under four years of age, accounting for 18.2%. HIV-infected and immunocompetent patients represented 38.6% (n=157) and 28% (n=114) of cases, respectively. A marked seasonal pattern was observed each year, with increased number of cases in mid to late summer and the beginning of autumn. Genotyping of 345 isolates from 310 patients identified C. parvumin 168 (54.2%) cases, C. hominis in 113 (36.4%) and other species in 29 (9.4%), including C. felis (n=15), C. meleagridis (n=4), C. canis (n=4), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype (n=1), Cryptosporidium rabbit genotype (n=1) and new Cryptosporidium genotypes (n=4). These data represent the first multisite report of laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis in France.

Published
2010
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34. Leishmania species identification by PCR-RFLP analysis and its applications in FrenchGuiana

Author

Simon, Stéphane, Véron, Vincent, Carme, Bernard, veron, vincent, EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NUMEA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Leishmania, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, diagnosis, species identification, [SDV.MHEP.DERM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, PCR, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RFLP, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology
Abstract

International audience; Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis was for many years the only species commonly identified in French Guiana, but precise species identifications were quite rare. We describe a new RFLP-PCR technique using a 615 bp fragment of the RNA polymerase II gene and two restriction enzymes, TspR1 and Hga1. Seven reference strains (L.(L)amazonensis, L.(V)lainsoni, L.(V)braziliensis, L.(V)guyanensis, L.(V)naiffi, L.(L)major / L.(L)infantum) and 112 clinical samples from positive lesions were used for the development of the technique. The rates of positive species identification were 85.7% for punch skin biopsy specimens, 93.1% for positive Giemsa-stained smears and 100% for positive culture supernatants. In the framework of cutaneous leismaniasis species surveillance for the 2006-2008 period, parasite identification was carried out for 199 samples from different patients. The prevalence of the various Leishmania species was 84.4% for L.(V)guyanensis, 8.0% for L.(V)braziliensis, 5.0% for L.(V)amazonensis and 2.6% for L.(V)lainsoni. L.(V)braziliensis seems to be locally an emerging pathogen.

Published
2009
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35. First case of emergence of atovaquone resistance in Plasmodium falciparum during second-line atovaquone-proguanil treatment in South America

Author

Béatrice Volney, Eric Legrand, Philippe Esterre, Marc Quinternet, Christophe Rogier, Bernard Carme, Odile Puijalon, Magalie Demar, Marie-Thérèse Ekala, Christiane Bouchier, Thierry Fandeur, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales-Hygiène hospitalière (EA 3593), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Immunologie moléculaire des parasites, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique (Plate-Forme) - Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Immunologie parasitaire (TOURS UMR IMMUNOLOGIE PARASIT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de Recherche en Biologie et Epidémiologie Parasitaires, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Génomique (Plate-Forme), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Drug Resistance, Drug resistance, Pharmacology, MESH: Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, Treatment failure, 0302 clinical medicine, Second line, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, Pharmacology (medical), MESH: Animals, Malaria, Falciparum, Letter to the Editor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum, MESH: Proguanil, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Proguanil, Combination, MESH: Drug Resistance, Drug Therapy, Combination, Atovaquone, medicine.drug, Falciparum, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Atovaquone, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Drug Therapy, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: South America, South America, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Atovaquone/proguanil, Virology, MESH: Antimalarials, Malaria, MESH: Drug Therapy, Combination, human activities
Abstract

The atovaquone-proguanil combination (Malarone) has been introduced in French Guiana for prophylaxis and second-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in 2002. We report here a treatment failure in a patient who was given a second-line atovaquone-proguanil treatment. A nonimmune P.

Published
2007
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36. Predictive Factors of Herpes Zoster HIV-Infected Patients: Another Adverse Effect of Crack Cocaine

Author

Emilie Mosnier, Célia Basurko, Benoit Tressières, Sophie Edouard, Emilie Gaubert-Marechal, Pierre Couppié, André Cabié, Sindou Sivapregassam, Antoine Adenis, Vincent Vantilcke, Mathieu Nacher, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], and ADENIS, ANTOINE

Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, Herpesvirus 3, Human, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Prognosis, 3. Good health, Quartile, Crack Cocaine, Female, Viral load, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Herpes Zoster, Cocaine-Related Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Humans, Protease Inhibitors, Adverse effect, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, lcsh:R, HIV, Retrospective cohort study, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, lcsh:Q, Virus Activation, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, CD8
Abstract

International audience; A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1541 HIV-infected patients to determine variables associated with the incidence of herpes zoster. A single failure Cox model showed that herpes zoster incidence increased following the first 6 months of antiretroviral treatment adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=5 (95%CI=2.6-9.2), P60 years age group AHR=2 (95%CI=1-4), P=0.04; in patients in the top CD8 quartile AHR=2.1 (95%CI=1.3-3.6), P

Published
2013
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37. [Ocular loaiasis in a young Caucasian tourist (author's transl)]

Author

Fleury, P., Liotet, S., Carme, Bernard, Sainte-Laudy, J., Haut, J., Gentilini, M., ISARA-Lyon, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Carme, Bernard

Subjects
Adult, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Diethylcarbamazine, Conjunctival Diseases, Filariasis, MESH: Loiasis, Loiasis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Filariasis, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Diethylcarbamazine, Humans, Female, MESH: Conjunctival Diseases, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; This observation perfectly illustrates the main epidemiological, clinical and biological peculiarities of this parasitic disease. Particularly, as it concerns a tourist who travelled across Africa for a short period of time it is possible to assess the time of exposure to infecting mosquito bites, the maturation period of time as well as the time of clinical incubation. On the other hand the value of the immunological techniques to make the diagnosis of loaiasis as well as the difficulties to treat this affection are stressed upon.

Published
1980

38. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: revising epidemiology with PCR-RFLP

Author

Mathieu Nacher, Marine Ginouves, Célia Basurko, Stéphane Simon, Pierre Couppié, Magalie Demar, Antoine Adenis, Amaury Roger, Bernard Carme, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane] (COREVIH), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM] (CIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie [Cayenne, French Guiana], Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, Leishmania braziliensis, 03 medical and health sciences, PCR-RFLP, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, Species identification, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Leishmania species, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Virology, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Background The development of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique for species identification among patients presenting leishmaniasis allowed to better determine the main circulating species in French Guiana. Methods A descriptive study of the Leishmania species was identified, and their spatiotemporal distribution was conducted using patient records between 2006 and 2013, with 1017 new cases of leishmaniasis diagnosed. Identification was realized by PCR-RFLP on 745 cases. Results The average proportions for different species were 86.2% for Leishmania (Vianna) guyanensis; 9.7% for Leishmania (Vianna) braziliensis; 2.8% for Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis; and 1.3% for Leishmania (Vianna) lainsoni, and no case of Leishmania (Vianna) naiffi was identified. Over this period, the proportion of cases due to L. (V.) braziliensis seemed to increase from 8.9% in 2006 to 13.0% in 2013 notably near the gold mining zones. Conclusions The use of molecular tools has transformed the view of the local epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana.

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39. Determination of the Plasmodium vivax relapse pattern in Camopi, French Guiana

Author

Matthieu Hanf, Mathieu Nacher, Aurélia Stéphani, Célia Basurko, Bernard Carme, BMC, Ed., Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)

Subjects
Male, Primaquine, Time Factors, Plasmodium vivax, Cohort Studies, Chloroquine, MESH: Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Recurrence, Risk Factors, MESH: Animals, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Cohort Studies, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Incidence, MESH: Infant, Newborn, MESH: Chloroquine, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, MESH: Primaquine, MESH: Plasmodium vivax, French Guiana, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Antimalarials, MESH: French Guiana, parasitic diseases, medicine, Malaria, Vivax, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, Public health, Research, MESH: Time Factors, Infant, Newborn, MESH: Malaria, Vivax, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: Antimalarials, MESH: Male, MESH: Recurrence, Parasitology, Vivax malaria, Tropical medicine, MESH: Female, Malaria, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background Malaria is a major public health problem in French Guiana, where Plasmodium vivax has become the dominant malaria species since 2000. As in others endemic areas, it is important to specify the pattern of vivax malaria relapses and to try to discriminate efficiently re-infections from relapses. Methods This study was conducted in children born between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2008 in Camopi, an Amerindian village located in the Amazon forest (n = 325), using an open cohort design. Primary and secondary attack rates of P. vivax were calculated using survival analysis. With the difference between the primary and secondary rates, this study aimed to estimate indirectly P. vivax relapse rate and evaluate its time evolution. Results Of the 1042 malaria attacks recorded, 689 (66%) were due to P. vivax (without mixed infection). One hundred and fifty one children had their primary attack with P. vivax and 106 had their two first attacks with P. vivax. In the absence of primaquine treatment, it was shown that P. vivax relapses mainly occurred during the first three months after the first attack. Thirty percent of children never had a relapse, 42% had a relapse before the first month after primary attack, 59% before the second month and 63% before the third month. Conclusion This study confirmed that the relapse pattern in Camopi was compatible with the pattern described for the P. vivax Chesson (tropical) strain. In addition, due to the relapse rate time evolution, a simple arbitrary classification rule could be constructed: before 90 days after the primary attack, the secondary attack is a relapse; after 90 days, it is a re-infection. Adapted management of malaria cases based on these results could be devised.

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40. Interactions between worms and malaria: Good worms or bad worms?

Author

Mathieu Nacher, BMC, Ed., Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Department of Tropical Medicine, and School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine-Tulane University

Subjects
Ancylostomatoidea, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, ANCYLOSTOMATOIDEA, lcsh:RC955-962, Comorbidity, Review, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Hookworm Infections, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Ascariasis, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Malaria epidemiology, biology, Ascaris, Incidence, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, Malaria incidence, Cerebral Malaria, Immunology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; ABSTRACT: In the past decade, there has been an increasing number of studies on co-infections between worms and malaria. However, this increased interest has yielded results that have been at times conflicting and made it difficult to clearly grasp the outcome of this interaction. Despite the heterogeneity of study designs, reviewing the growing body of research may be synthesized into some broad trends: Ascaris emerges mostly as protective for malaria and its severe manifestations, whereas hookworm seems to increase malaria incidence. As efforts are made to de-worm populations in malaria endemic areas, there is still no clear picture of the impact these programmes have in terms of quantitative and qualitative changes in malaria.

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41. Helminth-infected patients with malaria: a low profile transmission hub?

Author

Nacher M

Subjects
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Incidence, Malaria pathology, Parasite Load, Prevalence, Helminthiasis complications, Malaria epidemiology, Malaria transmission
Abstract

Eclipsed by the debates about malaria incidence and severity in individual patients, malaria transmission in helminth-infected persons has so far received very little attention. Studies in humans have shown increased malaria incidence and prevalence, and a trend for a reduction of symptoms in patients with malaria. This suggests that such patients could possibly be less likely to seek treatment thus carrying malaria parasites and their gametocytes for longer durations, therefore, being a greater potential source of transmission. In addition, in humans, a study showed increased gametocyte carriage, and in an animal model of helminth-malaria co-infection, there was increased malaria transmission. These elements converge towards the hypothesis that patients co-infected with worms and malaria may represent a hub of malaria transmission. The test of this hypothesis requires verifying, in different epidemiological settings, that helminth-infected patients have more gametocytes, that they have less symptomatic malaria and longer-lasting infections, and that they are more attractive for the vectors. The negative outcome in one setting of one of the above aspects does not necessarily mean that the other two aspects may suffice to increase transmission. If it is verified that patients co-infected by worms and malaria could be a transmission hub, this would be an interesting piece of strategic information in the context of the spread of anti-malarial resistance and the malaria eradication attempts.

Published
2012
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42. Worms and malaria: blind men feeling the elephant?

Author

Nacher M

Subjects
Animals, Comorbidity, Helminthiasis complications, Helminthiasis parasitology, Helminthiasis pathology, Humans, Incidence, Malaria, Falciparum complications, Malaria, Falciparum parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum pathology, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Thailand epidemiology, Biological Evolution, Helminthiasis epidemiology, Malaria, Falciparum epidemiology
Abstract

For thousands of years the deadliest human parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has been evolving in populations also infected by the most prevalent parasites, worms. This is likely to have shaped the genome of all 3 protagonists--man, worms and malaria. Observational studies in Thailand have shown that although P. falciparum malaria incidence increased two-fold in helminth-infected patients, there was a 64% reduction of cerebral malaria and an 84% reduction of acute renal failure in helminth-infected patients relative to those without helminths. In addition, it was suggested that mixed infections, anaemia and gametocyte carriage were more frequent in helminth-infected patients. On the contrary, fever was lower in helminth-infected patients. The present hypotheses, their implications and the limitations of the results described and of those from studies in Africa are discussed.

Published
2008
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