1. Topical drug delivery: History, percutaneous absorption, and product development.
- Author
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Roberts MS, Cheruvu HS, Mangion SE, Alinaghi A, Benson HAE, Mohammed Y, Holmes A, van der Hoek J, Pastore M, and Grice JE
- Subjects
- Animals, Drug Development, History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient, History, Medieval, Humans, Models, Biological, Skin metabolism, Skin Absorption, Administration, Topical, Drug Delivery Systems history
- Abstract
Topical products, widely used to manage skin conditions, have evolved from simple potions to sophisticated delivery systems. Their development has been facilitated by advances in percutaneous absorption and product design based on an increasingly mechanistic understanding of drug-product-skin interactions, associated experiments, and a quality-by-design framework. Topical drug delivery involves drug transport from a product on the skin to a local target site and then clearance by diffusion, metabolism, and the dermal circulation to the rest of the body and deeper tissues. Insights have been provided by Quantitative Structure Permeability Relationships (QSPR), molecular dynamics simulations, and dermal Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetics (PBPK). Currently, generic product equivalents of reference-listed products dominate the topical delivery market. There is an increasing regulatory interest in understanding topical product delivery behavior under 'in use' conditions and predicting in vivo response for population variations in skin barrier function and response using in silico and in vitro findings., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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