40 results on '"Dorothea Faulkner"'
Search Results
2. Glycemic Index Versus Wheat Fiber on Arterial Wall Damage in Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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David J.A. Jenkins, Laura Chiavaroli, Arash Mirrahimi, Sandra Mitchell, Dorothea Faulkner, Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth, Melanie Paquette, Judy Coveney, Omodele Olowoyeye, Darshna Patel, Sathish Chandra Pichika, Balachandran Bashyam, Tishan Maraj, Chantal Gillett, Russell J. de Souza, Livia S.A. Augustin, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Stephanie K. Nishi, Lawrence A. Leiter, Robert G. Josse, Gail E. McKeown-Eyssen, Alan R. Berger, Philip W. Connelly, Korbua Srichaikul, Cyril W.C. Kendall, John L. Sievenpiper, and Alan R. Moody
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Male ,Dietary Fiber ,Blood Glucose ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Glycemic Index ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Triticum ,Diet - Abstract
OBJECTIVE High cereal fiber and low-glycemic index (GI) diets are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cohort studies. Clinical trial evidence on event incidence is lacking. Therefore, to make trial outcomes more directly relevant to CVD, we compared the effect on carotid plaque development in diabetes of a low-GI diet versus a whole-grain wheat-fiber diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study randomized 169 men and women with well-controlled type 2 diabetes to counseling on a low GI-diet or whole-grain wheat-fiber diet for 3 years. Change in carotid vessel wall volume (VWV) (prespecified primary end point) was assessed by MRI as an indication of arterial damage. RESULTS Of 169 randomized participants, 134 completed the study. No treatment differences were seen in VWV. However, on the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet, VWV increased significantly from baseline, 23 mm3 (95% CI 4, 41; P = 0.016), but not on the low-GI diet, 8 mm3 (95% CI −10, 26; P = 0.381). The low-GI diet resulted in preservation of renal function, as estimated glomerular filtration rate, compared with the reduction following the wheat-fiber diet. HbA1c was modestly reduced over the first 9 months in the intention-to-treat analysis and extended with greater compliance to 15 months in the per-protocol analysis. CONCLUSIONS Since the low-GI diet was similar to the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet recommended for cardiovascular risk reduction, the low-GI diet may also be effective for CVD risk reduction.
- Published
- 2022
3. Low-carbohydrate vegan diets in diabetes for weight loss and sustainability: a randomized controlled trial
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David J A, Jenkins, Peter J H, Jones, Mohammad M H, Abdullah, Benoit, Lamarche, Dorothea, Faulkner, Darshna, Patel, Sandhya, Sahye-Pudaruth, Melanie, Paquette, Balachandran, Bashyam, Sathish C, Pichika, Meaghan E, Kavanagh, Pooja, Patel, Fred, Liang, Ramon, Brown, Tiffany, Zhao, Mila, Phan, Gajuna, Mathiyalagan, Shilpa, Tandon, Vladmir, Vuksan, Elena, Jovanovski, John L, Sievenpiper, Cyril W C, Kendall, Lawrence A, Leiter, and Robert G, Josse
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Low-carbohydrate, high animal fat and protein diets have been promoted for weight loss and diabetes treatment. We therefore tested the effect of a low-carbohydrate vegan diet in diabetes as a potentially healthier and more ecologically sustainable low-carbohydrate option.We sought to compare the effectiveness of a low-carbohydrate vegan diet with a moderate-carbohydrate vegetarian diet on weight loss and metabolic measures in diabetes.One hundred and sixty-four male and female participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to advice on either a low-carbohydrate vegan diet, high in canola oil and plant proteins, or a vegetarian therapeutic diet, for 3 mo, with both diets recommended at 60% of calorie requirements. Body weight, fasting blood, blood pressure, and 7-d food records, to estimate potential greenhouse gas emissions, were obtained throughout the study with tests of cholesterol absorption undertaken at baseline and end of study on 50 participants.Both low-carbohydrate vegan and vegetarian diets similarly but markedly reduced body weight (-5.9 kg; 95% CI: -6.5, -5.28 kg; and -5.23 kg; 95% CI: -5.84, -4.62 kg), glycated hemoglobin (-0.99%; 95% CI: -1.07, -0.9%; and -0.88%; 95% CI: -0.97, -0.8%), systolic blood pressure (-4 mmHg; 95% CI: -7, -2 mmHg; and -6 mmHg; 95% CI: -8, -3 mmHg), and potential greenhouse gas emissions, but only for potential greenhouse gas emissions was there a significant treatment difference of -0.63 kgCO2/d (95% CI: -0.99, -0.27 kgCO2/d) favoring the low-carbohydrate vegan diet.Low-carbohydrate vegan and vegetarian diets reduced body weight, improved glycemic control and blood pressure, but the more plant-based diet had greater potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.Trial registration number: clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02245399.
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- 2022
4. Flecainide and elevated liver enzymes in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
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Young-In Kim, David J.A. Jenkins, Viranda H. Jayalath, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Alexander D. Romaschin, John L. Sievenpiper, Koruba Srichaikul, Iqwal Mangat, Paul Dorian, Dorothea Faulkner, and Michael R. Freeman
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Liver toxicity ,Drug adverse event ,Elevated liver enzymes ,Case Report ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pharmacology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Flecainide ,business.industry ,Atrial fibrillation ,medicine.disease ,Cardiovascular disease ,α1 antitrypsin ,RC666-701 ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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5. Effect of Lowering the Glycemic Load With Canola Oil on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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Lawrence A. Leiter, Stephanie K. Nishi, Christopher Ireland, Robert G. Josse, Livia S. A. Augustin, Korbua Srichaikul, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Dorothea Faulkner, Arash Mirrahimi, Darshna Patel, Edward Vidgen, Sandra Mitchell, Judy Coveney, Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth, David J.A. Jenkins, Laura Chiavaroli, Cyril W.C. Kendall, John L. Sievenpiper, Balachandran Bashyam, Vladimir Vuksan, and Russell J. de Souza
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood Pressure ,Type 2 diabetes ,law.invention ,Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ,Animal science ,Randomized controlled trial ,Risk Factors ,law ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Glycemic load ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Reactive hyperemia ,Aged ,Glycemic ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Framingham Risk Score ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Rapeseed Oil ,Edible Grain ,Energy Intake ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite their independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) advantages, effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and low-glycemic-load (GL) diets have not been assessed in combination. We therefore determined the combined effect of ALA, MUFA, and low GL on glycemic control and CVD risk factors in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study was a parallel design, randomized trial wherein each 3-month treatment was conducted in a Canadian academic center between March 2011 and September 2012 and involved 141 participants with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 6.5%–8.5% [48–69 mmol/mol]) treated with oral antihyperglycemic agents. Participants were provided with dietary advice on either a low-GL diet with ALA and MUFA given as a canola oil–enriched bread supplement (31 g canola oil per 2,000 kcal) (test) or a whole-grain diet with a whole-wheat bread supplement (control). The primary outcome was HbA1c change. Secondary outcomes included calculated Framingham CVD risk score and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) ratio. RESULTS Seventy-nine percent of the test group and 90% of the control group completed the trial. The test diet reduction in HbA1c units of −0.47% (−5.15 mmol/mol) (95% CI −0.54% to −0.40% [−5.92 to −4.38 mmol/mol]) was greater than that for the control diet (−0.31% [−3.44 mmol/mol] [95% CI −0.38% to −0.25% (−4.17 to −2.71 mmol/mol)], P = 0.002), with the greatest benefit observed in those with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP). Greater reductions were seen in CVD risk score for the test diet, whereas the RHI ratio increased for the control diet. CONCLUSIONS A canola oil–enriched low-GL diet improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, particularly in participants with raised SBP, whereas whole grains improved vascular reactivity.
- Published
- 2014
6. Effect of almonds on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in nondiabetic hyperlipidemic subjects: a randomized controlled crossover trial
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William Singer, Dorothea Faulkner, Augustine Marchie, Andrea R. Josse, Karen G. Lapsley, David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, and Tri H. Nguyen
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Saturated fat ,Hyperlipidemias ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Creatinine ,Cross-Over Studies ,C-Peptide ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,food and beverages ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Crossover study ,Diet ,chemistry ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Female ,Prunus ,Metabolic advantage ,Insulin Resistance ,business - Abstract
Nuts appear to have a marked effect in cohort studies in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but their demonstrated ability to lower cholesterol can only explain a proportion of the reduction in risk. Our aim was to assess whether improvement in carbohydrate metabolism provides a further explanation for the effect of nuts in reducing CHD. The effects of whole almonds, taken as snacks, were compared with the effects of low saturated fat (
- Published
- 2008
7. Long-term effects of a plant-based dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods on blood pressure
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E. Vidgen, Karen G. Lapsley, Robert G. Josse, Azadeh Emam, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Elke A. Trautwein, Thomas Kemp, Julia M W Wong, R. J. de Souza, Tri H. Nguyen, David J.A. Jenkins, Lawrence A. Leiter, Augustine Marchie, William Singer, and Dorothea Faulkner
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Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diastole ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,Hemodynamics ,Blood Pressure ,Hyperlipidemias ,Diet Records ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Weight Loss ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cholesterol ,business.industry ,Body Weight ,Weight change ,Phytosterols ,Middle Aged ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Hypertension ,Soybean Proteins ,Female ,Prunus ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
To determine the effect on blood pressure of dietary advice to consume a combination of plant-based cholesterol-lowering foods (dietary portfolio).For 1 year, 66 hyperlipidemic subjects were prescribed diets high in plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal), soy protein (22.5 g/1000 kcal), viscous fibers (10 g/1000 kcal) and almonds (22.5 g/1000 kcal). There was no control group. Seven-day diet record, blood pressure and body weight were monitored initially monthly and later at 2-monthly intervals throughout the study.Fifty subjects completed the 1-year study. When the last observation was carried forward for non-completers (n=9) or those who changed their blood pressure medications (n=7), a small mean reduction was seen in body weight 0.7+/-0.3 kg (P=0.036). The corresponding reductions from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 1 year (n=66 subjects) were -4.2+/-1.3 mm Hg (P=0.002) and -2.3+/-0.7 mm Hg (P=0.001), respectively. Blood pressure reductions occurred within the first 2 weeks, with stable blood pressures 6 weeks before and 4 weeks after starting the diet. Diastolic blood pressure reduction was significantly related to weight change (r=0.30, n=50, P=0.036). Only compliance with almond intake advice related to blood pressure reduction (systolic: r=-0.34, n=50, P=0.017; diastolic: r=-0.29, n=50, P=0.041).A dietary portfolio of plant-based cholesterol-lowering foods reduced blood pressure significantly, related to almond intake. The dietary portfolio approach of combining a range of cholesterol-lowering plant foods may benefit cardiovascular disease risk both by reducing serum lipids and also blood pressure.
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- 2007
8. The effect of a dietary portfolio compared to a DASH-type diet on blood pressure
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Jiri Frohlich, C. Pellini, Robert G. Josse, Balachandran Bashyam, Patrick Couture, Christopher Ireland, Lawrence A. Leiter, R. J. de Souza, Benoît Lamarche, Arash Mirrahimi, P. Galange, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Vanu Ramprasath, Viranda H. Jayalath, John L. Sievenpiper, Dorothea Faulkner, Peter B. Jones, L. S. A. Augustin, David J.A. Jenkins, Korbua Srichaikul, and Stephanie K. Nishi
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mean arterial pressure ,Canada ,Mediterranean diet ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Diastole ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Hyperlipidemias ,Diet, Mediterranean ,Diet Records ,Risk Assessment ,Plant protein ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,Hyperlipidemia ,medicine ,Humans ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Aged ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Sodium ,Coronary heart disease risk ,Blood Pressure Determination ,Diet, Sodium-Restricted ,Middle Aged ,Cardiovascular disease ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,Treatment Outcome ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Decreased blood pressure ,Hypertension ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Energy Intake ,Vegetable protein ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background and aim Compared to a DASH-type diet, an intensively applied dietary portfolio reduced diastolic blood pressure at 24 weeks as a secondary outcome in a previous study. Due to the importance of strategies to reduce blood pressure, we performed an exploratory analysis pooling data from intensively and routinely applied portfolio treatments from the same study to assess the effect over time on systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the relation to sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), and portfolio components. Methods and results 241 participants with hyperlipidemia, from four academic centers across Canada were randomized and completed either a DASH-type diet (control n = 82) or a dietary portfolio that included, soy protein, viscous fibers and nuts (n = 159) for 24 weeks. Fasting measures and 7-day food records were obtained at weeks 0, 12 and 24, with 24-h urines at weeks 0 and 24. The dietary portfolio reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure compared to the control by 2.1 mm Hg (95% CI, 4.2 to −0.1 mm Hg) (p = 0.056), 1.8 mm Hg (CI, 3.2 to 0.4 mm Hg) (p = 0.013) and 1.9 mm Hg (CI, 3.4 to 0.4 mm Hg) (p = 0.015), respectively. Blood pressure reductions were small at 12 weeks and only reached significance at 24 weeks. Nuts, soy and viscous fiber all related negatively to change in mean arterial pressure (ρ = −0.15 to −0.17, p ≤ 0.016) as did urinary potassium (ρ = −0.25, p = 0.001), while the Na + /K + ratio was positively associated (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.010). Conclusions Consumption of a cholesterol-lowering dietary portfolio also decreased blood pressure by comparison with a healthy DASH-type diet. Clinical Trial Reg. No. NCT00438425, clinicaltrials.gov.
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- 2015
9. Development and Validation of a Dietary Portfolio Score for use Among Hypercholesterolemic Individuals
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Krisitie Srichaikul, Viranda H. Jayalath, John L. Sievenpiper, Benoît Lamarche, Peter B. Jones, Patrick Couture, Dorothea Faulkner, David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Christopher Ireland, Jiri Frohlich, Russell J. de Souza, and Arash Mirrahimi
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Gerontology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genetics ,Portfolio ,Medicine ,business ,Molecular Biology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,030304 developmental biology ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2015
10. Effect on hematologic risk factors for coronary heart disease of a cholesterol reducing diet
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A Y Taha, David J.A. Jenkins, Candice Holmes, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Karen G. Lapsley, R. J. de Souza, William Singer, M Chiu, Dorothea Faulkner, Robert G. Josse, Elke A. Trautwein, J Teitel, Augustine Marchie, Tri H. Nguyen, Thomas Kemp, Lawrence A. Leiter, Julia M W Wong, and Azadeh Emam
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Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neutrophils ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,Coronary Disease ,Gastroenterology ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Risk Factors ,Erythrocyte Deformability ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Phytosterol ,Phytosterols ,Middle Aged ,Coronary heart disease ,Endocrinology ,Hematocrit ,chemistry ,Soybean Proteins ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Dietary fiber ,Prunus ,business ,Plant sterols ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
A dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering ingredients has proved effective in reducing serum cholesterol. However, it is not known whether this dietary combination will also affect hematologic risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Reductions in hematocrit and polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been reported to improve cardiovascular risk. We, therefore, report changes in hematological indices, which have been linked to cardiovascular health, in a 1-year assessment of subjects taking an effective dietary combination (portfolio) of cholesterol-lowering foods.For 12 months, 66 hyperlipidemic subjects were prescribed diets high in plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal), soy protein (22.5 g/1000 kcal), viscous fibers (10 g/1000 kcal) and almonds (23 g/1000 kcal). Fifty-five subjects completed the study.Over the 1 year, data on completers indicated small but significant reductions in hemoglobin (-1.5+/-0.6 g/l, P=0.013), hematocrit (-0.007+/-0.002 l/l, P0.001), red cell number (-0.07+/-0.02 10(9)/l, P0.001) and neutrophils (-0.34+/-0.13 10(9)/l, P=0.014). Mean platelet volume was also increased (0.16+/-0.07 fl, P=0.033). The increase in red cell osmotic fragility (0.05+/-0.03 g/l, P=0.107) did not reach significance.These small changes in hematological indices after a cholesterol-lowering diet are in the direction, which would be predicted to reduce CHD risk. Further research is needed to clarify whether the changes observed will contribute directly or indirectly to cardiovascular benefits beyond those expected from reductions previously seen in serum lipids and blood pressure.
- Published
- 2006
11. Direct comparison of dietary portfolio vs statin on C-reactive protein
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Robert G. Josse, Tina Parker, Philip W. Connelly, Andrea R. Josse, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Augustine Marchie, Dorothea Faulkner, T J Li, Azadeh Emam, Lawrence A. Leiter, Julia M W Wong, R. J. de Souza, William Singer, and David J.A. Jenkins
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Statin ,medicine.drug_class ,Diet therapy ,Saturated fat ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Hyperlipidemias ,soy protein ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Article ,plant sterols ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Aged ,Inflammation ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,national cholesterol education program diet ,biology ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,C-reactive protein ,almonds ,Middle Aged ,low saturated fat ,3. Good health ,C-Reactive Protein ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,viscous dietary fiber ,Saturated fatty acid ,biology.protein ,Female ,Lovastatin ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,business ,Biomarkers ,medicine.drug ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Background: 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) markedly reduce serum cholesterol and have anti-inflammatory effects. The effect of cholesterol-lowering diets on inflammatory biomarkers is less well known. Objective: To compare the efficacy of a dietary combination (portfolio) of cholesterol-lowering foods vs a statin in reducing C-reactive protein (CRP) as a biomarker of inflammation linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: In all, 34 hyperlipidemic subjects completed three 1-month treatments as outpatients in random order: a very low-saturated fat diet (control); the same diet with 20 mg lovastatin (statin); and a diet high in plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal), soy protein (21.4 g/1000 kcal), viscous fibers (9.8 g/1000 kcal), and almonds (14 g/1000 kcal) (portfolio). Fasting blood samples were obtained at weeks 0, 2, and 4. Results: Using the complete data, no treatment reduced serum CRP. However, when subjects with CRP levels above the 75th percentile for previously reported studies (>3.5 mg/l) were excluded, CRP was reduced similarly on both statin, −16.3±6.7% (n=23, P=0.013) and dietary portfolio, −23.8±6.9% (n=25, P=0.001) but not the control, 15.3±13.6% (n=28, P=0.907). The percentage CRP change from baseline on the portfolio treatment (n=25) was greater than the control (n=28, P=0.004) but similar to statin treatment (n=23, P=0.349). Both statin and portfolio treatments were similar in reducing CRP and numerically more effective than control but only the change in portfolio was significant after the Bonferroni adjustment. Conclusions: A combination of cholesterol-lowering foods reduced C-reactive protein to a similar extent as the starting dose of a first-generation statin.
- Published
- 2005
12. Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants1–3
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Azadeh Emam, Russell J. de Souza, Lawrence A. Leiter, Karen G. Lapsley, William Singer, Robert G. Josse, Dorothea Faulkner, Philip W. Connelly, Augustine Marchie, Edward Vidgen, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Elke A. Trautwein, David J.A. Jenkins, Tina Parker, and Julia M W Wong
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Statin ,biology ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,Psyllium ,Crossover study ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,HMG-CoA reductase ,medicine ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Lovastatin ,business ,Soy protein ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA)reductaseinhibitorsreduceserumcholesterolandareincreasinglyadvocatedinprimarypreventiontoachievereductionsinLDL cholesterol. Newer dietary approaches combining cholesterolloweringfoodsmayofferanotheroption,buttheseapproacheshave not been compared directly with statins in the same persons. Objective: The objective was to compare, in the same subjects, the cholesterol-loweringpotentialofadietaryportfoliowiththatofastatin. Design:Thirty-fourhyperlipidemicparticipantsunderwentallthree 1-mo treatments in random order as outpatients: a very-lowsaturated-fat diet (control diet), the same diet plus 20 mg lovastatin (statin diet), and a diet high in plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal), soyprotein foods (including soy milks and soy burgers, 21.4 g/1000 kcal), almonds (14 g/1000 kcal), and viscous fibers from oats, barley, psyllium, and the vegetables okra and eggplant (10 g/1000 kcal) (portfolio diets). Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, and 4 wk. Results:LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased by 8.51.9%, 33.3 1.9%, and 29.6 1.3% after 4 wk of the control, statin, and portfolio diets, respectively. Although the absolute difference between the statin and the portfolio treatments was significant at 4 wk (P 0.013), 9 participants (26%) achieved their lowest LDLcholesterol concentrations with the portfolio diet. Moreover, the statin (n 27) and the portfolio (n 24) diets did not differ significantly (P 0.288) in their ability to reduce LDL cholesterol below the 3.4-mmol/L primary prevention cutoff. Conclusions: Dietary combinations may not differ in potency from first-generation statins in achieving current lipid goals for primary prevention.Theymay,therefore,bridgethetreatmentgapbetweencurrent therapeutic diets and newer statins. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81
- Published
- 2005
13. A dietary portfolio approach to cholesterol reduction: Combined effects of plant sterols, vegetable proteins, and viscous fibers in hypercholesterolemia
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Augustine Marchie, David J.A. Jenkins, Robert G. Josse, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Tina Parker, Karen G. Lapsley, Edward Vidgen, Philip W. Connelly, George Koumbridis, Lawrence A. Leiter, Elke A. Trautwein, and Dorothea Faulkner
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Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet therapy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Saturated fat ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Blood lipids ,Biology ,Plant Proteins, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Soy protein ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Viscosity ,Cholesterol ,Phytosterol ,Phytosterols ,Middle Aged ,Lipids ,Diet ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,C-Reactive Protein ,chemistry ,Plant protein ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Plant sterols, soy proteins, and viscous fibers are advised for cholesterol reduction but their combined effect has never been tested. We therefore assessed their combined effect on blood lipids in hyperlipidemic subjects who were already consuming a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet before starting the study. The test (combination) diet was 1 month in duration and was very low in saturated fat and high in plant sterols (1 g/1,000 kcal), soy protein (23 g/1,000 kcal), and viscous fibers (9 g/1,000 kcal) obtained from foods available in supermarkets and health food stores. One subject also completed 2 further diet periods: a low-fat control diet and a control diet plus 20 mg/d lovastatin. Fasting blood lipids, blood pressure, and body weight were measured prior to and at weekly intervals during the study. The combination diet was rated as acceptable and very filling. The diet reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol by 29.0% +/- 2.7% (P
- Published
- 2002
14. Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women
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Dorothea Faulkner, Robert G. Josse, Chung-Ja C. Jackson, Stephen C. Cunnane, David J.A. Jenkins, Tina Parker, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Lawrence A. Leiter, Edward Vidgen, and Philip W. Connelly
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Apolipoprotein B ,Saturated fat ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Hemodynamics ,Blood lipids ,Blood Pressure ,Coronary Disease ,Hyperlipidemias ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Homocysteine ,Soy protein ,Cross-Over Studies ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cholesterol ,Middle Aged ,Isoflavones ,Lipids ,Postmenopause ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Soybean Proteins ,biology.protein ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Dietary Proteins - Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the benefits of soy have been attributed to soy isoflavones. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the effects of high- and low-isoflavone soy-protein foods on both lipid and nonlipid risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Forty-one hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women participated in a study with three 1-mo diets: a low-fat dairy food control diet and high- (50 g soy protein and 73 mg isoflavones daily) and low- (52 g soy protein and 10 mg isoflavones daily) isoflavone soyfood diets. All 3 diets were very low in saturated fat (< 5% of energy) and cholesterol (< 50 mg/d). Fasting blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured at the start and end of each diet. RESULTS No significant differences were seen between the high- and low-isoflavone soy diets. Compared with the control diet, however, both soy diets resulted in significantly lower total cholesterol, estimated CAD risk, and ratios of total to HDL cholesterol, LDL to HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B to A-I. No significant sex differences were observed, except for systolic blood pressure, which in men was significantly lower after the soy diets than after the control diet. On the basis of blood lipid and blood pressure changes, the calculated CAD risk was significantly lower with the soy diets, by 10.1 +/- 2.7%. CONCLUSION Substitution of soyfoods for animal products, regardless of isoflavone concentration, reduces the CAD risk because of both modest reductions in blood lipids and reductions in oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure.
- Published
- 2002
15. Effects of high- and low-isoflavone (phytoestrogen) soy foods on inflammatory biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines in middle-aged men and women
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Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J.A. Jenkins, Tina Parker, Dorothea Faulkner, Chung-Ja C. Jackson, Philip W. Connelly, and Edward Vidgen
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet therapy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Saturated fat ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Administration, Oral ,Phytoestrogens ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ,Serum amyloid A ,Soy protein ,Serum Amyloid A Protein ,Inflammation ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Middle Aged ,Dietary Fats ,Isoflavones ,Diet ,Apolipoproteins ,C-Reactive Protein ,chemistry ,Cytokines ,Female ,Plant Preparations ,Soybeans ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
This study sought to determine effects of high- and low-isoflavone soy protein foods on acute-phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines and whether isoflavone phytoestrogens might act as estrogens, which enhance the immune response. Forty-one hypercholesterolemic men and postmenopausal women underwent three 1-month diets consisting of a low-fat dairy food control phase and high- and low-isoflavone soy food test phases (50 g/d and 52g/d soy protein, respectively, and 73 mg/d and 10 mg/d isoflavone, respectively). Diets were low in saturated fat (
- Published
- 2002
16. Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial
- Author
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Cyril W. C. Kendall, David J.A. Jenkins, Dorothea Faulkner, Mary Ann Ryan, Tina Parker, Edward Vidgen, Vladimir Vuksan, Christine C. Mehling, Giulio Testolin, Paul Corey, Stephen C. Cunnane, and Marcella Garsetti
- Subjects
Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Status ,Population ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood Pressure ,Risk Assessment ,Gastroenterology ,Psyllium ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Framingham Heart Study ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,education ,Drug Approval ,Glucans ,Completely randomized design ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Cross-Over Studies ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Framingham Risk Score ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Middle Aged ,Lipids ,Crossover study ,Apolipoproteins ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Solubility ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved health claims for 2 dietary fibers, beta-glucan (0.75 g/serving) and psyllium (1.78 g/serving), on the assumption that 4 servings/d would reduce cardiovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE We assessed the efficacy of this dose of fibers in reducing serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Sixty-eight hyperlipidemic adults consumed a test (high-fiber) and a control low-fat (25% of energy), low-cholesterol (
- Published
- 2002
17. Consumption of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods improves blood lipids without affecting concentrations of fat soluble compounds
- Author
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Darshna Patel, Russell J. de Souza, Peter B. Jones, Shahad Abdulnour, Benoît Lamarche, Korbua Srichaikul, Jiri Frohlich, Christopher Ireland, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Robert G. Josse, Balachandran Bashyam, Lawrence A. Leiter, Luba Cermakova, David J.A. Jenkins, Vanu Ramprasath, Patrick Couture, Edward Vidgen, Dorothea Faulkner, Philip W. Connelly, and University of Manitoba
- Subjects
Dietary Fiber ,Male ,Fat soluble vitamins ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,Tocopherols ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Portfolio diet ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lycopene ,Hyperlipidemia ,Nuts ,Single-Blind Method ,Food science ,Vitamin A ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Retinol ,Phytosterols ,Vitamins ,Middle Aged ,beta Carotene ,3. Good health ,Cholesterol ,Biochemistry ,Intestinal cholesterol absorption ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Adult ,Canada ,Campesterol ,education ,Hyperlipidemias ,Clinical nutrition ,Plant sterols ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Triglycerides ,business.industry ,Research ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Lutein ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Feeding Behavior ,medicine.disease ,Carotenoids ,Sitosterols ,Diet ,Fat-Soluble Vitamin ,chemistry ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background Consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio including plant sterols (PS), viscous fibre, soy proteins and nuts for 6 months improves blood lipid profile. Plant sterols reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and concerns have been raised whether PS consumption reduces fat soluble vitamin absorption. Objective The objective was to determine effects of consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio on circulating concentrations of PS and fat soluble vitamins. Methods Using a parallel design study, 351 hyperlipidemic participants from 4 centres across Canada were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Participants followed dietary advice with control or portfolio diet. Participants on routine and intensive portfolio involved 2 and 7 clinic visits, respectively, over 6 months. Results No changes in plasma concentrations of α and γ tocopherol, lutein, lycopene and retinol, but decreased β-carotene concentrations were observed with intensive (week 12:p = 0.045; week 24:p = 0.039) and routine (week 12:p = 0.031; week 24:p = 0.078) portfolio groups compared to control. However, cholesterol adjusted β-carotene and fat soluble compound concentrations were not different compared to control. Plasma PS concentrations were increased with intensive (campesterol:p = 0.012; β-sitosterol:p = 0.035) and routine (campesterol: p = 0.034; β-sitosterol: p = 0.080) portfolio groups compared to control. Plasma cholesterol-adjusted campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations were negatively correlated (p
- Published
- 2014
18. Effect of a 6-month vegan low-carbohydrate ('Eco-Atkins') diet on cardiovascular risk factors and body weight in hyperlipidaemic adults: a randomised controlled trial
- Author
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Elaine S Krul, Ratna Mukherjea, Tracy C. K. Leong, David J.A. Jenkins, Vivian Ng, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Gregory Paul, Amin Esfahani, E. Vidgen, Julia M W Wong, William Singer, and Dorothea Faulkner
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,food.diet ,Hyperlipidemias ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Overweight ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,food ,Randomized controlled trial ,Weight loss ,law ,Risk Factors ,Hyperlipidemia ,Weight Loss ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Vegans ,Atkins diet ,Nutrition and Metabolism ,Triglyceride ,business.industry ,Research ,Body Weight ,Vegan Diet ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Gluten ,3. Good health ,Diet ,Treatment Outcome ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Objective Low-carbohydrate diets may be useful for weight loss. Diets high in vegetable proteins and oils may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. The main objective was to determine the longer term effect of a diet that was both low-carbohydrate and plant-based on weight loss and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Design, setting, participants A parallel design study of 39 overweight hyperlipidaemic men and postmenopausal women conducted at a Canadian university-affiliated hospital nutrition research centre from April 2005 to November 2006. Intervention Participants were advised to consume either a low-carbohydrate vegan diet or a high-carbohydrate lacto-ovo vegetarian diet for 6 months after completing 1-month metabolic (all foods provided) versions of these diets. The prescribed macronutrient intakes for the low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets were: 26% and 58% of energy from carbohydrate, 31% and 16% from protein and 43% and 25% from fat, respectively. Primary outcome Change in body weight. Results 23 participants (50% test, 68% control) completed the 6-month ad libitum study. The approximate 4 kg weight loss on the metabolic study was increased to −6.9 kg on low-carbohydrate and −5.8 kg on high-carbohydrate 6-month ad libitum treatments (treatment difference (95% CI) −1.1 kg (−2.1 to 0.0), p=0.047). The relative LDL-C and triglyceride reductions were also greater on the low-carbohydrate treatment (treatment difference (95% CI) −0.49 mmol/L (−0.70 to −0.28), p
- Published
- 2014
19. Effect of soy protein foods on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and ex vivo sex hormone receptor activity—A controlled crossover trial
- Author
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Vladimir Vuksan, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Tina Parker, Edward Vidgen, Chung-Ja C. Jackson, Marcella Garsetti, A. Venket Rao, David J.A. Jenkins, Sanjiv Agarwal, Rachel S. Rosenberg-Zand, Dorothea Faulkner, and Cyril W.C. Kendall
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet therapy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hyperlipidemias ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Sex hormone-binding globulin ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Gonadal Steroid Hormones ,Soy protein ,Aged ,Cross-Over Studies ,biology ,Cholesterol ,Vitamin E ,Estrogen analog ,Middle Aged ,Isoflavones ,Lipids ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,chemistry ,Soybean Proteins ,biology.protein ,Female ,Phytoestrogens ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
Plant-derived estrogen analogs (phytoestrogens) may confer significant health advantages including cholesterol reduction, antioxidant activity, and possibly a reduced cancer risk. However, the concern has also been raised that phytoestrogens may be endocrine disrupters and major health hazards. We therefore assessed the effects of soy foods as a rich source of isoflavonoid phytoestrogens on LDL oxidation and sex hormone receptor activity. Thirty-one hyperlipidemic subjects underwent two 1-month low-fat metabolic diets in a randomized crossover study. The major differences between the test and control diets were an increase in soy protein foods (33 g/d soy protein) providing 86 mg isoflavones/2,000 kcal/d and a doubling of the soluble fiber intake. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the start and at weeks 2 and 4, with 24-hour urine collections at the end of each phase. Soy foods increased urinary isoflavone excretion on the test diet versus the control (3.8+/-0.7 v 0.0+/-0.0 mg/d, P.001). The test diet decreased both oxidized LDL measured as conjugated dienes in the LDL fraction (56+/-3 v 63+/-3 micromol/L, P.001) and the ratio of conjugated dienes to LDL cholesterol (15.0+/-1.0 v 15.7+/-0.9, P = .032), even in subjects already using vitamin E supplements (400 to 800 mg/d). No significant difference was detected in ex vivo sex hormone activity between urine samples from the test and control periods. In conclusion, consumption of high-isoflavone foods was associated with reduced levels of circulating oxidized LDL even in subjects taking vitamin E, with no evidence of increased urinary estrogenic activity. Soy consumption may reduce cardiovascular disease risk without increasing the risk for hormone-dependent cancers.
- Published
- 2000
20. Effect of Wheat Bran on Serum Lipids: Influence of Particle Size and Wheat Protein
- Author
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Robert G. Josse, Lawrence A. Leiter, Tina Parker, Philip W. Connelly, Vladimir Vuksan, Brenda Lee, Christine C. Mehling, Dorothea Faulkner, David J.A. Jenkins, Livia S. A. Augustin, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Hilda Seyler, Edward Vidgen, and Victor L. Fulgoni
- Subjects
Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,Glutens ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,Hyperlipidemias ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Humans ,Food science ,Particle Size ,Triglycerides ,Aged ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cross-Over Studies ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Bran ,Triglyceride ,Cholesterol ,Cholesterol, HDL ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,Bread ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,Lipids ,Crossover study ,Gluten ,chemistry ,Plant protein ,Female ,Particle size ,Edible Grain - Abstract
Wheat fiber appears to protect from cardiovascular disease despite its lack of consistent effect on serum lipids. We therefore wished to determine whether reported inconsistencies in the effect of wheat bran resulted from differences in particle size or its high gluten content.Two studies were conducted. In one-month metabolic diets, 24 hyperlipidemic subjects consumed breads providing an additional 19 g/d dietary fiber as medium or ultra-fine wheat bran and extra protein (10% of energy as wheat gluten). In two-week ad libitum diets, 24 predominantly normolipidemic subjects consumed breakfast cereals providing an additional 19 g/d of dietary fiber as coarse or a mixture of ultra-fine and coarse wheat bran with no change in gluten intake. Both studies followed a randomized crossover design with control periods when subjects ate low-fiber breads and cereals respectively with no added gluten. Fasting blood lipids were measured on day zero and at the end of each phase.Wheat bran had no effect on total, LDL or HDL cholesterol irrespective of particle size or level of gluten in the diet. However, consumption of increased gluten in the metabolic study was associated with a 13+/-4% reduction in serum triglycerides (p = 0.005) which was not seen in the normal-gluten ad libitum study.The protective effect of wheat fiber in cardiovascular disease cannot be explained by an effect of wheat bran in reducing serum cholesterol although in hyperlipidemic subjects displacement of carbohydrate by gluten on the high-fiber phases was associated with lower serum triglycerides.
- Published
- 1999
21. The effect of a plant-based low-carbohydrate ('Eco-Atkins') diet on body weight and blood lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic subjects
- Author
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Tracy C. K. Leong, David J.A. Jenkins, Gregory Paul, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Amin Esfahani, Julia M W Wong, E. Vidgen, Kathryn A Greaves, William Singer, Dorothea Faulkner, and Vivian Ng
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calorie ,food.diet ,Blood lipids ,Blood Pressure ,Hyperlipidemias ,Plant Proteins, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ,Animal science ,High-density lipoprotein ,food ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Weight Loss ,Internal Medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Caloric Restriction ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Atkins diet ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,Overweight ,Gluten ,Lipids ,Vegetable oil ,Endocrinology ,C-Reactive Protein ,chemistry ,Female ,Dietary Proteins ,medicine.symptom ,Insulin Resistance ,business - Abstract
Background Low-carbohydrate, high–animal protein diets, which are advocated for weight loss, may not promote the desired reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. The effect of exchanging the animal proteins and fats for those of vegetable origin has not been tested. Our objective was to determine the effect on weight loss and LDL-C concentration of a low-carbohydrate diet high in vegetable proteins from gluten, soy, nuts, fruits, vegetables, cereals, and vegetable oils compared with a high-carbohydrate diet based on low-fat dairy and whole grain products. Methods A total of 47 overweight hyperlipidemic men and women consumed either (1) a low-carbohydrate (26% of total calories), high–vegetable protein (31% from gluten, soy, nuts, fruit, vegetables, and cereals), and vegetable oil (43%) plant-based diet or (2) a high-carbohydrate lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (58% carbohydrate, 16% protein, and 25% fat) for 4 weeks each in a parallel study design. The study food was provided at 60% of calorie requirements. Results Of the 47 subjects, 44 (94%) (test, n = 22 [92%]; control, n = 22 [96%]) completed the study. Weight loss was similar for both diets (approximately 4.0 kg). However, reductions in LDL-C concentration and total cholesterol–HDL-C and apolipoprotein B–apolipoprotein AI ratios were greater for the low-carbohydrate compared with the high-carbohydrate diet (−8.1% [ P = .002], −8.7% [ P = .004], and −9.6% [ P = .001], respectively). Reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also seen (−1.9% [ P = .052] and −2.4% [ P = .02], respectively). Conclusion A low-carbohydrate plant-based diet has lipid-lowering advantages over a high-carbohydrate, low-fat weight-loss diet in improving heart disease risk factors not seen with conventional low-fat diets with animal products. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00256516
- Published
- 2009
22. Long Term Effectiveness of A Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol‐Lowering Foods in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects
- Author
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Andrea R. Josse, David J.A. Jenkins, Robert G. Josse, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Lawrence A. Leiter, Nishant Fozdar, Candice Holmes, Julia Mw Wong, William D. Singer, Edward Vidgen, Augustine Marchie, Kristie Srichaikul, Tri H. Nguyen, and Dorothea Faulkner
- Subjects
business.industry ,Environmental health ,Genetics ,Cholesterol lowering ,Medicine ,Portfolio ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,Term (time) - Published
- 2008
23. The effect of strawberries in a cholesterol-lowering dietary portfolio
- Author
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Robert G. Josse, Britt Burton-Freeman, Edward Vidgen, In Joo Kim, Darshna Patel, William Singer, Tri H. Nguyen, Howard D. Sesso, David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Balachandran Bashyam, Lawrence A. Leiter, Dorothea Faulkner, Christopher Ireland, and Andrea R. Josse
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antioxidant ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Blood lipids ,Blood Pressure ,Biology ,Fragaria ,Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ,law.invention ,Endocrinology ,law ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Palatability ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Aged ,Bran ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,food and beverages ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Crossover study ,Cholesterol ,Patient Compliance ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Phytotherapy ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Algorithms ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Effective diets reduce blood lipids and oxidative damage, both of which have been linked to the complications of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Our objective was to assess the effect of adding strawberries, as a source of antioxidants, to improve the antioxidant effect of a cholesterol-lowering diet (dietary portfolio). To this end, 28 hyperlipidemic subjects who had followed the dietary portfolio consisting of soy, viscous fiber, plant sterol, and nuts for a mean of 2.5 years were randomized to receive supplements of strawberries (454 g/d, 112 kcal) or additional oat bran bread (65 g/d, 112 kcal, approximately 2 g beta-glucan) (control) in a randomized 1-month crossover study with a 2-week washout. Strawberry supplementation resulted in a greater reduction in oxidative damage to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the LDL fraction (P = .014). At the end of the strawberry period, reductions in LDL cholesterol and in the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were maintained close to 1-year values at -13.4% +/- 2.1% and -15.2% +/- 1.7%, respectively (P < .001), and were similar to the post-oat bran bread values. Strawberries also improved the palatability of the diet. We conclude that strawberry supplementation reduced oxidative damage to LDL while maintaining reductions in blood lipids and enhancing diet palatability. Added fruit may improve the overall utility of diets designed to lower coronary heart disease risk.
- Published
- 2008
24. Comparison of a dietary portfolio diet of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL particle size phenotype in hypercholesterolaemic participants
- Author
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Iris Gigleux, Tina Parker, Philip W. Connelly, Julia M W Wong, Russell J. de Souza, Azadeh Emam, David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Karen G. Lapsley, Dorothea Faulkner, Augustine Marchie, Elke A. Trautwein, and Benoît Lamarche
- Subjects
Dietary Fiber ,Male ,Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Statin ,medicine.drug_class ,Saturated fat ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Lovastatin ,Particle Size ,National Cholesterol Education Program ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Aged ,Analysis of Variance ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,Cholesterol ,C-reactive protein ,Phytosterols ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,Crossover study ,Dietary Fats ,Lipids ,Endocrinology ,C-Reactive Protein ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,medicine.drug ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
The effect of dietv. statins on LDL particle size as a risk factor for CVD has not been examined. We compared, in the same subjects, the impact of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL size electrophoretic characteristics. Thirty-four hyperlipidaemic subjects completed three 1-month treatments as outpatients in random order: a very-low saturated fat diet (control); the same diet with 20 mg lovastatin; a dietary portfolio high in plant sterols (1 g/4200 kJ), soya proteins (21·4 g/4200 kJ), soluble fibres (9·8 g/4200 kJ) and almonds (14 g/4200 kJ). LDL electrophoretic characteristics were measured by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of fasting plasma at 0, 2 and 4 weeks of each treatment. The reductions in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels with the dietary portfolio and with statins were comparable and were largely attributable to reductions in the estimated concentration of cholesterol within the smallest subclass of LDL (portfolio − 0·69 (se0·10) mmol/l, statin − 0·99 (se0·10) mmol/l). These were significantly greater (P se0·08) mmol/l). Finally, baseline C-reactive protein levels were a significant predictor of the LDL size responsiveness to the dietary portfolio but not to the other treatments. The dietary portfolio, like the statin treatment, had only minor effects on several features of the LDL size phenotype, but the pronounced reduction in cholesterol levels within the small LDL fraction may provide additional cardiovascular benefit over the traditional low-fat diet of National Cholesterol Education Program Step II.
- Published
- 2007
25. Effect of plant sterols in combination with other cholesterol-lowering foods
- Author
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Tri H. Nguyen, Robert G. Josse, Edward Vidgen, Andrea R. Josse, William Singer, Karen G. Lapsley, Dorothea Faulkner, Augustine Marchie, Lawrence A. Leiter, David J.A. Jenkins, Elke A. Trautwein, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Philip W. Connelly, Candice Holmes, and Christopher Ireland
- Subjects
Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Complete data ,Meat ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Biology ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Patient Education as Topic ,Internal medicine ,Vegetables ,medicine ,Humans ,Soy protein ,National Cholesterol Education Program ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cholesterol ,Phytosterol ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Cholesterol lowering ,Phytosterols ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,Sterol ,Diet ,chemistry ,Soybean Proteins ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Energy Intake ,Plant sterols - Abstract
The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines advocate effective combinations of cholesterol-lowering dietary components. This approach (dietary portfolio) produces large reductions in serum cholesterol, but the contribution of individual components remains to be established. We therefore assessed the effect of eliminating one out of the 4 dietary portfolio components. Plant sterols were selected because at 2 g/d, they have been reported to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 9% to 14%. Forty-two hyperlipidemic subjects were prescribed diets high in soy protein (22.5 g/1000 kcal), viscous fibers (10 g/1000 kcal), and almonds (23 g/1000 kcal) for 80 weeks. Subjects were instructed to take these together with plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal) except between weeks 52 and 62. While taking the full dietary portfolio, including plant sterols, mean LDL-C reduction from baseline was 15.4% +/- 1.6% (P < .001). After sterol elimination, mean LDL-C reduction was 9.0% +/- 1.5% (P < .001). Comparable LDL-C reductions were also seen for the 18 subjects with a complete data set: on plant sterols, 16.7% +/- 3.1% (P < .001) and off plant sterols, 10.3% +/- 2.6% (P < .001), resulting in a 6.3% +/- 2.0% (P = .005) difference attributable to plant sterols. Compliance in this group of 18 was 67.0% +/- 5.9% for plant sterols and 61.9% +/- 4.8% for the other components. In combination with other cholesterol-lowering foods and against the background of a low-saturated fat diet, plant sterols contributed over one third of the LDL-C reduction seen with the dietary portfolio after 1 year of following dietary advice.
- Published
- 2007
26. Strawberries to improve palatability of a cholesterol lowering diet
- Author
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Tri H. Nguyen, Dorothea Faulkner, Kathy Galbraith, Chris M. Ireland, Chris Christian, Augustine Marchie, David J.A. Jenkins, and Cyril W.C. Kendall
- Subjects
business.industry ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Food science ,Palatability ,Cholesterol-lowering diet ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2007
27. Assessment of the longer-term effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods in hypercholesterolemia
- Author
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Robert G. Josse, Tri H. Nguyen, Candice Holmes, William Singer, Dorothea Faulkner, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Edward Vidgen, Augustine Marchie, Julia M W Wong, Elke A. Trautwein, Thomas Kemp, David J.A. Jenkins, Russell J. de Souza, Karen G. Lapsley, Lawrence A. Leiter, Azadeh Emam, and Philip W. Connelly
- Subjects
Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Statin ,medicine.drug_class ,Saturated fat ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Metabolic diet ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Cholesterol lowering ,Phytosterols ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Endocrinology ,Treatment Outcome ,chemistry ,Saturated fatty acid ,Soybean Proteins ,Portfolio ,Patient Compliance ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Prunus ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,business - Abstract
Background: Cholesterol-lowering foods may be more effective when consumed as combinations rather than as single foods. Objectives: Our aims were to determine the effectiveness of consuming a combination of cholesterol-lowering foods (dietary portfolio) under real-world conditions and to compare these results with published data from the same participants who had undergone 4-wk metabolic studies to compare the same dietary portfolio with the effects of a statin. Design: For 12 mo, 66 hyperlipidemic participants were prescribed dietshighinplantsterols(1.0g/1000kcal),soyprotein(22.5g/1000 kcal),viscousfibers(10g/1000kcal),andalmonds(23g/1000kcal). Fifty-five participants completed the 1-y study. The 1-y data were also compared with published results on 29 of the participants who had also undergone separate 1-mo metabolic trials of a diet and a statin. Results: At 3 mo and 1 y, mean (SE) LDL-cholesterol reductions appeared stable at 14.0 1.6% (P 0.001) and 12.8 2.0% (P 0.001), respectively (n66). These reductions were less than those observed after the 1-mo metabolic diet and statin trials. Nevertheless, 31.8% of the participants (n 21 of 66) had LDL-cholesterol reductions of 20% at 1y( x SE: 29.7 1.6%). The LDLcholesterol reductions in this group were not significantly different from those seen after their respective metabolically controlled portfolio or statin treatments. A correlation was found between total dietary adherence and LDL-cholesterol change (r 0.42, P 0.001). Only 2 of the 26 participants with 55% compliance achieved LDL-cholesterol reductions 20% at 1 y. Conclusions: More than 30% of motivated participants who ate the dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods under real-world conditions were able to lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations 20%, which was not significantly different from their response to a first-generation statin taken under metabolically controlled conditions. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:582–91.
- Published
- 2006
28. Assessment of the Longer Term Effects of a Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol Lowering Foods in Hypercholesterolemia
- Author
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David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W. C. Kendall, and Dorothea Faulkner
- Subjects
business.industry ,Environmental health ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Portfolio ,Cholesterol lowering ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Biotechnology ,Term (time) - Published
- 2006
29. Effect of antibiotics as cholesterol-lowering agents
- Author
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Thomas M.S. Wolever, Peter Kopplin, Maryam S. Hamidi, Andrew B. Onderdonk, Ignatius W. Fong, Tina Parker, Nalini Irani, A. Venket Rao, David J.A. Jenkins, Edward Vidgen, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Dorothea Faulkner, and Philip W. Connelly
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Apolipoprotein B ,medicine.drug_class ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Antibiotics ,Blood lipids ,Blood Pressure ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Feces ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Antibacterial agent ,Aged ,Cholesterol Measurement ,biology ,Chemistry ,Cholesterol ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Metronidazole ,C-Reactive Protein ,Breath Tests ,biology.protein ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Antibiotics were once proposed as hypercholesterolemic agents although the mechanism is unclear, despite broad implications, including providing an alternative approach to cholesterol reduction, with potential relevance for current trials of antibiotics to reduce cardiovascular disease, and possible confounding of routine diagnostic cholesterol measurements. The effect on serum lipids of antibiotics against aerobes and anaerobes, together with possible mechanisms, was therefore explored. Twenty-two men and women took antibiotics for 10 days (either ciprofloxacin for 13 subjects or metronidazole for 10 subjects), with 10 days control in random order separated by 2-week washout periods. Subjects maintained low-fat diets throughout the study. Blood samples and blood pressure were obtained on days 0 and 10 of each phase with 3-day fecal collections and 12-hour breath gas collections at the end of each phase. The results indicated that metronidazole markedly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-14.0 +/- 4.0%, P = .006), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (-23.0 +/- 5.1%, P = .002), and the apolipoprotein B/A-I ratio (-18.0 +/- 2.8%, P < .001), whereas the reduction with ciprofloxacin was less pronounced (apolipoprotein B/A-I, -5.0 +/- 1.8%, P = .017). Neither antibiotic altered C-reactive protein or blood pressure. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction related to an increase in bifidobacteria (r = -0.46, P = .029), but not to markers of colonic fermentation. We conclude that antibiotics can reduce serum lipids acutely. These effects may confound diagnostic measurements but indicate possible links between colonic microflora and blood lipids and the need to study ways of altering colonic microflora by nonantibiotic means as a potential therapeutic option.
- Published
- 2004
30. The effect of combining plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and almonds in treating hypercholesterolemia
- Author
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David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Dorothea Faulkner, Augustine Marchie, Robert G. Josse, Lawrence A. Leiter, Tina Parker, Elke A. Trautwein, Edward Vidgen, Philip W. Connelly, and Karen G. Lapsley
- Subjects
Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Statin ,Diet therapy ,medicine.drug_class ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Saturated fat ,Hypercholesterolemia ,Hyperlipidemias ,Biology ,Satiety Response ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Food Preferences ,Endocrinology ,Weight loss ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Erythrocyte Deformability ,medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Humans ,Soy protein ,Homocysteine ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cholesterol ,Phytosterols ,Middle Aged ,Dietary Fats ,chemistry ,Plant protein ,Soybean Proteins ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Prunus ,medicine.symptom ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Reductions in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) result from diets containing almonds, or diets that are either low in saturated fat or high in viscous fibers, soy proteins, or plant sterols. We have therefore combined all of these interventions in a single diet (portfolio diet) to determine whether cholesterol reductions could be achieved of similar magnitude to those reported in recent statin trials which reduced cardiovascular events. Twenty-five hyperlipidemic subjects consumed either a portfolio diet (n = 13), very low in saturated fat and high in plant sterols (1.2 g/1,000 kcal), soy protein (16.2 g/1,000 kcal), viscous fibers (8.3 g/1,000 kcal), and almonds (16.6 g/1,000 kcal), or a low—saturated fat diet (n=12) based on whole-wheat cereals and low-fat dairy foods. Fasting blood, blood pressure, and body weight were obtained at weeks 0, 2, and 4 of each phase. LDL-C was reduced by 12.1% ± 2.4% (P < .001) on the low-fat diet and by 35.0% ± 3.1% (P < .001) on the portfolio diet, which also reduced the ratio of LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly (30.0% ± 3.5%; P < .001). The reductions in LDL-C and the LDL:HDL-C ratio were both significantly lower on the portfolio diet than on the control diet (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Mean weight loss was similar on test and control diets (1.0 kg and 0.9 kg, respectively). No difference was seen in blood pressure, HDL-C, serum triglycerides, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], or homocysteine concentrations between diets. Combining a number of foods and food components in a single dietary portfolio may lower LDL-C similarly to statins and so increase the potential effectiveness of dietary therapy.
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- 2003
31. Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein
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Russell J. de Souza, Lawrence A. Leiter, Karen G. Lapsley, Robert G. Josse, Dorothea Faulkner, Elke A. Trautwein, David J.A. Jenkins, Augustine Marchie, Julia M W Wong, Tina Parker, Azadeh Emam, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Philip W. Connelly, and Edward Vidgen
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Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Statin ,medicine.drug_class ,Saturated fat ,Blood lipids ,Hyperlipidemias ,Cholesterol, Dietary ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,Humans ,Lovastatin ,Soy protein ,National Cholesterol Education Program ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Diet, Vegetarian ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Lipids ,Endocrinology ,C-Reactive Protein ,chemistry ,Diet, Atherogenic ,Female ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
ContextTo enhance the effectiveness of diet in lowering cholesterol, recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program emphasize diets low in saturated fat together with plant sterols and viscous fibers, and the American Heart Association supports the use of soy protein and nuts.ObjectiveTo determine whether a diet containing all of these recommended food components leads to cholesterol reduction comparable with that of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins).DesignRandomized controlled trial conducted between October and December 2002.Setting and ParticipantsForty-six healthy, hyperlipidemic adults (25 men and 21 postmenopausal women) with a mean (SE) age of 59 (1) years and body mass index of 27.6 (0.5), recruited from a Canadian hospital-affiliated nutrition research center and the community.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to undergo 1 of 3 interventions on an outpatient basis for 1 month: a diet very low in saturated fat, based on milled whole-wheat cereals and low-fat dairy foods (n = 16; control); the same diet plus lovastatin, 20 mg/d (n = 14); or a diet high in plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal), soy protein (21.4 g/1000 kcal), viscous fibers (9.8 g/1000 kcal), and almonds (14 g/1000 kcal) (n = 16; dietary portfolio).Main Outcome MeasuresLipid and C-reactive protein levels, obtained from fasting blood samples; blood pressure; and body weight; measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4 and compared among the 3 treatment groups.ResultsThe control, statin, and dietary portfolio groups had mean (SE) decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 8.0% (2.1%) (P = .002), 30.9% (3.6%) (P
- Published
- 2003
32. Dose response of almonds on coronary heart disease risk factors: blood lipids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and pulmonary nitric oxide: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial
- Author
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Karen G. Lapsley, David J.A. Jenkins, Tina Parker, James S. Haight, Gene A. Spiller, Wei Qian, Philip W. Connelly, Augustine Marchie, Edward Vidgen, Cyril W. C. Kendall, and Dorothea Faulkner
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Homocysteine ,Blood lipids ,Coronary Disease ,Hyperlipidemias ,Nitric Oxide ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Eating ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Risk Factors ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Hyperlipidemia ,Medicine ,Humans ,Nuts ,Lung ,Aged ,Cross-Over Studies ,biology ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Lipoprotein(a) ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Effective dose (pharmacology) ,Crossover study ,Lipids ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,biology.protein ,Female ,Prunus ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background— Although recent studies have indicated that nut consumption may improve levels of blood lipids, nuts are not generally recommended as snacks for hyperlipidemic subjects because of their high fat content. Furthermore, the effective dose is still unknown. Methods and Results— The dose-response effects of whole almonds, taken as snacks, were compared with low-saturated fat (P =0.018, and 9.4±1.9%, P P =0.001, and 12.0±2.1%, P P =0.034) and oxidized LDL concentrations (14.0±3.8%, P Conclusions— Almonds used as snacks in the diets of hyperlipidemic subjects significantly reduce coronary heart disease risk factors, probably in part because of the nonfat (protein and fiber) and monounsaturated fatty acid components of the nut.
- Published
- 2002
33. Effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
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Robert G. Josse, Livia S. A. Augustin, Jerome Teitel, Arthur C. Vandenbroucke, Tina Parker, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Lawrence A. Leiter, Edward Vidgen, Philip W. Connelly, Mette Axelsen, Herb Lau, David J.A. Jenkins, William Singer, Dorothea Faulkner, and Margaret C. Martini
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Blood Glucose ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet therapy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood lipids ,Coronary Disease ,Type 2 diabetes ,Gastroenterology ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Treatment Failure ,Risk factor ,Glycemic ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Clotting factor ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Cross-Over Studies ,Bran ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Hyperglycemia ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE—Cohort studies indicate that cereal fiber reduces the risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we assessed the effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 23 subjects with type 2 diabetes (16 men and 7 postmenopausal women) completed two 3-month phases of a randomized crossover study. In the test phase, bread and breakfast cereals were provided as products high in cereal fiber (19 g/day additional cereal fiber). In the control phase, supplements were low in fiber (4 g/day additional cereal fiber). RESULTS—Between the test and control treatments, no differences were seen in body weight, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum lipids, apolipoproteins, blood pressure, serum uric acid, clotting factors, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, magnesium, calcium, iron, or ferritin. LDL oxidation in the test phase was higher than that seen in the control phase (12.1 ± 5.4%, P < 0.034). Of the subjects originally recruited, more dropped out of the study for health and food preference reasons from the control phase (16 subjects) than the test phase (11 subjects). CONCLUSIONS—High-fiber cereal foods did not improve conventional markers of glycemic control or risk factors for CHD in type 2 diabetes over 3 months. Possibly longer studies are required to demonstrate the benefits of cereal fiber. Alternatively, cereal fiber in the diet may be a marker for another component of whole grains that imparts health advantages or a healthy lifestyle.
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- 2002
34. Effect of high vegetable protein diets on urinary calcium loss in middle-aged men and women
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A C Vandenbroucke, Robert G. Josse, Dorothea Faulkner, Reinhold Vieth, E. Vidgen, Tina Parker, Livia S. A. Augustin, David J.A. Jenkins, and Cyril W.C. Kendall
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Osteoporosis ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Hyperlipidemias ,Urine ,Calcium ,Bone remodeling ,Excretion ,Feces ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,Vegetables ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Gluten ,Urinary calcium ,Diet ,Postmenopause ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Plant protein ,Female ,Dietary Proteins ,business - Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of high-protein diets, which have recently been promoted for their health benefits, on urinary calcium losses and bone turnover in older subjects. Design: Randomized controlled cross-over study. Setting: Teaching hospital and university. Subjects: Twenty hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women (age 56±2 y) completed the study. Interventions: One-month test and control phases during which subjects consumed equi-energy metabolic diets high in calcium (1578 and 1593 mg/day, respectively). On the test diet 11% of total dietary energy from starch in the control bread was replaced by protein (wheat gluten), resulting in 27% of energy from protein on the test diet vs 16% on the control diet. Main outcome measure: Urinary calcium excretion. Results: Compared with the control diet, at week 4, the test diet increased mean (±s.e.m.) 24 h urinary output of calcium (139±15 vs 227±21 mg, P=0.004). The treatment difference in urinary calcium loss correlated with the serum anion gap as a marker of metabolic acid production (r=0.57, P=0.011). Serum calcium levels were marginally lower 2.41±0.02 vs 2.38±0.02 mmol/l (P=0.075), but there was no significant treatment difference in calcium balance, possibly related to the high background calcium intake on both diets. Conclusions: In the presence of high dietary calcium intakes the vegetable protein gluten does not appear to have a negative effect on calcium balance despite increased urinary calcium loss. Sponsorship: The University-Industry Research Partnership Program of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Loblaw Brands Limited, Toronto, ON, and Kraft Canada Inc. Don Mills, ON. DJAJ is funded as a Canada Research Chair in Metabolism and Nutrition at the University of Toronto by the Federal Government of Canada, Ottawa.
- Published
- 2001
35. The effect on serum lipids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein of supplementing self-selected low-fat diets with soluble-fiber, soy, and vegetable protein foods
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Mary Ann Ryan, Robert G. Josse, Philip W. Connelly, Stephen C. Cunnane, David J.A. Jenkins, Hilda Seyler, Edward Vidgen, Marcella Garsetti, Vladimir Vuksan, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Sanjiv Agarwal, Larry C. Griffin, Tina Parker, Lawrence A. Leiter, A. Venket Rao, Christine C. Mehling, and Dorothea Faulkner
- Subjects
Adult ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Diet therapy ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Lipoproteins ,Blood lipids ,Hyperlipidemias ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,High-density lipoprotein ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Soy protein ,Diet, Fat-Restricted ,Triglycerides ,Aged ,Cross-Over Studies ,Cholesterol ,Middle Aged ,Lipids ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,Postmenopause ,chemistry ,Plant protein ,Low-density lipoprotein ,Dietary Supplements ,Soybean Proteins ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
An increased intake of soluble fiber and soy protein may improve the blood lipid profile. To assess any additional benefit on serum lipids of providing soy protein and soluble-fiber foods to hyperlipidemic subjects already consuming low-fat, low-cholesterol therapeutic diets, 20 hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women completed 8-week test and control dietary treatments in a randomized crossover design as part of an ad libitum National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) step 2 therapeutic diet (7% saturated fat and200 mg/d cholesterol). During the test phase, foods high in soy, other vegetable proteins, and soluble fiber were provided. During the control phase, low-fat dairy and low-soluble-fiber foods were provided. Fasting blood lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured at 4 and 8 weeks of each phase. On the test diet, 12 +/- 2 g/d soy protein was selected from the foods chosen. Direct comparison of test and control treatments indicated an elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration on the test diet (6.4% +/- 2.4%, P = .013) and a significantly reduced total to HDL cholesterol ratio (-5.9% +/- 2.3%, P = .020). The proportion of conjugated dienes in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol fraction was significantly reduced (8.5% +/- 3.3%, P = .020) as a marker of oxidized LDL. A combination of acceptable amounts of soy, vegetable protein, and soluble-fiber foods as part of a conventional low-fat, low-cholesterol therapeutic diet is effective in further reducing serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
- Published
- 2000
36. Th-W55:7 Effect of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods on blood pressure
- Author
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Thomas Kemp, Dorothea Faulkner, Azadeh Emam, Carl Kendall, R. J. de Souza, Julia Mw Wong, E. Vidgen, Augustine Marchie, and David J.A. Jenkins
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Blood pressure ,business.industry ,Internal Medicine ,Portfolio ,Medicine ,Cholesterol lowering ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Published
- 2006
37. Th-W55:1 The portfolio diet: The role of vegetable protein and other dietary components in hypercholesterolemia
- Author
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Azadeh Emam, Julia Mw Wong, Robert G. Josse, William Singer, Thomas Kemp, Lawrence A. Leiter, Dorothea Faulkner, Karen G. Lapsley, Augustine Marchie, Philip W. Connelly, Elke A. Trautwein, E. Vidgen, Carl Kendall, R. J. de Souza, Thanh N. Nguyen, and David J.A. Jenkins
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Internal Medicine ,Portfolio ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Biology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2006
38. Una dieta intensiva baja en grasas basada en el consumo de proteínas de soja, fibra soluble y fitosteroles puede ser una alternativa al tratamiento farmacológico en hipercolesterolémicos sanos
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Augustine Marchie, Dorothea Faulkner, David J.A. Jenkins, Julia Mw Wong, Carl Kendall, Ana Espínola, and R. De Souza
- Subjects
Community and Home Care ,Gastroenterology - Abstract
Objetivo Comparar la efectividad de una dieta rica en proteinas de soja, fitosteroles y fibra frente a la utilizacion de una estatina de primera generacion en la reduccion de colesterol Diseno Ensayo clinico aleatorizado de 2 meses de seguimiento Emplazamiento Clinicas de nutricion y modificacion de factores de riesgo de Canada Poblacion de estudio Seleccion de 55 pacientes adultos sanos (25 varones y 21 mujeres posmenopausicas) con valores de lipoproteinas de baja densidad (LDL) > 4,1 mmol/l (158 mg/dl). Criterios de exclusion : enfermedad cardiovascular previa, hipertension arterial no tratada, diabetes, nefropatia, utilizacion de farmacos con potencial de modificar valores de lipidos Intervencion Un mes antes del estudio todos los pacientes siguieron una dieta baja en grasas de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de nivel II del National Cholesterol Education Program (un 7% de grasas saturadas y portafolio dietetico , n = 16). El seguimiento fue de un mes. Todas las dietas fueron vegetarianas y todos los alimentos fueron proporcionados, excepto frutas y vegetales frescos. El analisis se hizo por intencion de tratar Medicion del resultado Valores lipidicos, proteina C reactiva y presion arterial Resultados principales En todos los grupos se observo disminucion de LDL: grupo control, 8% (desviacion estandar [DE]: 2,1%; p = 0,002); grupo estatina, 30,9% (DE: 3,6%; p portafolio , 28,6% (DE: 3,2%; p portafolio (–1,52 [DE: 0,22] y –1,36 [DE: 0,18]) respecto al grupo control (–0,40 [DE: 0,11] y –0,37 [DE: 0,09]; portafolio respecto al control (–1,50 [DE: 0,42], –1,25 [DE: 0,62] y –0,28 [DE: 0,16], respectivamente; p portafolio . No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en la presion arterial Conclusion Una dieta baja en grasas basada en el consumo de fibra, fitosteroles, proteinas vegetales y almendras puede reducir los valores lipidicos de manera similar a la lovastatina
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- 2003
39. High-protein diets in hyperlipidemia: Effect of wheat gluten on serum lipids, uric acid, and renal function
- Author
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Robert G. Josse, M. van Erk, Anouk Geelen, Lawrence A. Leiter, Tina Parker, Livia S. A. Augustin, Philip W. Connelly, David J.A. Jenkins, Dorothea Faulkner, Cyril W.C. Kendall, Edward Vidgen, and Vladimir Vuksan
- Subjects
Male ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood lipids ,High-protein diet ,medicine.disease_cause ,Toxicology ,Kidney ,Oxidized LDL cholesterol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Wheat gluten ,Urea ,Triticum ,Human Nutrition & Health ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,Humane Voeding & Gezondheid ,Middle Aged ,Cardiovascular disease ,Lipids ,Hyperlipidemia ,Plant protein ,Creatinine ,Female ,Dietary Proteins ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Glutens ,Functional foods ,Renal function ,Hyperlipidemias ,Triacylglycerol ,High-protein diets ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Toxicologie ,VLAG ,Aged ,Cholesterol ,Gluten ,Uric Acid ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Uric acid ,Vegetable protein - Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic effects of diets high in vegetable protein have not been assessed despite much recent interest in the effect of soy proteins in reducing serum cholesterol. OBJECTIVE We assessed the metabolic effects of diets high in vegetable protein (specifically, wheat gluten) on serum lipids, uric acid concentrations, and renal function. DESIGN Twenty hyperlipidemic men and women consumed isoenergetic test (high-protein) and control metabolic diets for 1 mo in a randomized crossover design. In the high-protein diet, 11% of the total dietary energy from starch in the control bread was replaced by vegetable protein (wheat gluten), resulting in 27% of total energy from protein compared with 16% in the control diet. In other respects, the 2 diets were identical. RESULTS Compared with the control, the high-protein diet resulted in lower serum concentrations of triacylglycerol (by 19.2 +/- 5.6%; P = 0.003), uric acid (by 12.7 +/- 2.0%; P < 0.001), and creatinine (by 2.5 +/- 1.1%; P = 0.035) and higher serum concentrations of urea (by 42.2 +/- 5.8%; P < 0.001) and a higher 24-h urinary urea output (by 99.2 +/- 17.2%; P < 0.001). No significant differences were detected in total or HDL cholesterol or in the renal clearance of creatinine. LDL oxidation, assessed as the ratio of conjugated dienes to LDL cholesterol in the LDL fraction, was lower with the high-protein diet (by 10.6 +/- 3.6%; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS High intakes of vegetable protein from gluten may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk by reducing oxidized LDL, serum triacylglycerol, and uric acid. Further studies are required to assess the longer-term effects on renal function.
40. Effect of a Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol-Lowering Foods Given at 2 Levels of Intensity of Dietary Advice on Serum Lipids in Hyperlipidemia A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Cheryl Collier, David J.A. Jenkins, Robert G. Josse, Balachandran Bashyam, Vanu Ramprasath, Lawrence A. Leiter, Chris M. Ireland, Cyril W. C. Kendall, Darshna Patel, Sandy Hoshizaki, Iris Gigleux, Jiri Frohlich, Philip W. Connelly, Luba Cermakova, Korbua Srichaikul, Benoît Lamarche, Shahad Abdulnour, Dorothea Faulkner, Peter B. Jones, and Russell J. de Souza
- Subjects
Counseling ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Saturated fat ,education ,Blood lipids ,Context (language use) ,Hyperlipidemias ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Hyperlipidemia ,medicine ,Humans ,Nuts ,Fisher's exact test ,Cholesterol ,business.industry ,Phytosterols ,General Medicine ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Confidence interval ,Diet ,chemistry ,symbols ,Soybean Proteins ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,business - Abstract
Combining foods with recognized cholesterol-lowering properties (dietary portfolio) has proven highly effective in lowering serum cholesterol under metabolically controlled conditions.To assess the effect of a dietary portfolio administered at 2 levels of intensity on percentage change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among participants following self-selected diets.A parallel-design study of 351 participants with hyperlipidemia from 4 participating academic centers across Canada (Quebec City, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Vancouver) randomized between June 25, 2007, and February 19, 2009, to 1 of 3 treatments lasting 6 months.Participants received dietary advice for 6 months on either a low-saturated fat therapeutic diet (control) or a dietary portfolio, for which counseling was delivered at different frequencies, that emphasized dietary incorporation of plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and nuts. Routine dietary portfolio involved 2 clinic visits over 6 months and intensive dietary portfolio involved 7 clinic visits over 6 months.Percentage change in serum LDL-C.In the modified intention-to-treat analysis of 345 participants, the overall attrition rate was not significantly different between treatments (18% for intensive dietary portfolio, 23% for routine dietary portfolio, and 26% for control; Fisher exact test, P = .33). The LDL-C reductions from an overall mean of 171 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], 168-174 mg/dL) were -13.8% (95% CI, -17.2% to -10.3%; P.001) or -26 mg/dL (95% CI, -31 to -21 mg/dL; P.001) for the intensive dietary portfolio; -13.1% (95% CI, -16.7% to -9.5%; P.001) or -24 mg/dL (95% CI, -30 to -19 mg/dL; P.001) for the routine dietary portfolio; and -3.0% (95% CI, -6.1% to 0.1%; P = .06) or -8 mg/dL (95% CI, -13 to -3 mg/dL; P = .002) for the control diet. Percentage LDL-C reductions for each dietary portfolio were significantly more than the control diet (P.001, respectively). The 2 dietary portfolio interventions did not differ significantly (P = .66). Among participants randomized to one of the dietary portfolio interventions, percentage reduction in LDL-C on the dietary portfolio was associated with dietary adherence (r = -0.34, n = 157, P.001).Use of a dietary portfolio compared with the low-saturated fat dietary advice resulted in greater LDL-C lowering during 6 months of follow-up.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438425.
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