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Objective Methods Results Conclusion To conduct a comparative analysis of clinicopathological data between mucinous micropapillary breast carcinoma (MUMPC) and pure mucinous carcinoma (PMC) without a micropapillary structure to elucidate the distinctive clinicopathological characteristics of MUMPC and their impact on prognosis.This retrospective analysis included 325 patients diagnosed with mammary mucinous carcinoma admitted to Tianjin Cancer Hospital between July 2014 and December 2019, including 197 patients with MUMPC and 128 patients with PMC without a micropapillary structure. Clinicopathological features were compared, and factors influencing the prognosis of MUMPC were analyzed. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, and univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses for MUMPC were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.The median follow‐up period was 76 months. In the MUMPC and PMC groups, the disease‐free survival (DFS) rates at 3, 5, and 7 years were 95.4%, 90.4%, 89.8%, and 100%, 98.4%, and 96.9%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.009). Tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, and endocrine treatment were significant factors influencing the prognosis of the MUMPC group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis and endocrine therapy were independent prognostic factors in patients with MUMPC (p < 0.001). Compared with PMC, the MUMPC group exhibited a higher prevalence of HER2 (11.2% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.009) and Ki‐67 overexpression (79.7% vs. 60.2%, p < 0.001).The lymph node stage is the most crucial clinicopathological feature of MUMPC. Endocrine treatment strategy is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of MUMPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Methods Results Conclusions The risk of developing a second primary malignancy differs among colorectal cancer patients in different age groups. This study aimed to investigate the differences in prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with early‐onset colorectal cancer and late‐onset colorectal cancer who developed second primary malignancies.The study included 15 489 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between January 2008 and December 2018. Data pertaining to these patients were derived from the database.A total of 680 (4.5%) patients subsequently developed a second primary malignancy. Considering death as a competing event, the 10‐year cumulative risk of second primary malignancy for early‐onset colorectal cancer was 5.3%, compared with 7.3% for late‐onset colorectal cancer. Cox analysis showed that late‐onset colorectal cancer, colon cancer, smaller tumor size, and fewer tumor nodules without residual lymph node structure, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were independent risk factors for second primary malignancy. In our patient cohort, early‐onset colorectal cancer was associated with better prognosis compared to late‐onset colorectal cancer, for both overall survival and second primary malignancy‐free survival. In addition, there was insufficient evidence that early‐onset colorectal cancer also affected prognosis after the occurrence of second primary malignancies.The risk of early‐onset colorectal cancer subsequently developing second primary malignancy was significantly lower than late‐onset colorectal cancer, and the second primary malignancies of early‐onset colorectal cancer were more likely to be colorectal cancer. Overall survival and second primary malignancy‐free survival of early‐onset colorectal cancer were consistently better than late‐onset colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study investigates the dual role of ALKBH5, an eraser enzyme, in colorectal cancer (CRC), focusing on how N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mutations influence CRC development and progression. Methods We reviewed various studies that highlighted the role of ALKBH5 in colorectal cancer (CRC). This includes the impact of ALKBH5 on tumor cell behavior including immune system interactions, invasion, and proliferation in CRC. We also looked into how ALKBH5 acts as a tumor suppressor under different conditions analyzed clinical data to assess the impact of ALKBH5 expression on outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Key findings In CRC, ALKBH5 plays a dual role. In certain situations, it inhibits the progression of the tumor, but in other circumstances, it promotes tumor growth and immunosuppression. The interaction with RABA5 plays a role in the development of CRC. Having elevated levels of ALKBH5 has been associated with unfavorable patient outcomes, such as reduced survival rates and more advanced cancer stages. Various factors, including tumor differentiation, TNM stages, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, be linked to ALKBH5 expression. Conclusions ALKBH5 plays a complicated and situation-specific role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Targeting ALKBH5 could result in novel therapy options that balance its tumor-promoting and tumor-fighting properties in CRC. Further research into m6A alterations and ALKBH5 could enhance CRC treatment approaches and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-HG-NENs), particularly G3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) relies on histopathological morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biological markers, which are lacking especially in cases with ambiguous histomorphology. In this study to contribute to the development of more targeted treatment strategies, we examined various immunohistochemical and molecular biologicalmarkers and their associationwith clinicopathological features in GEP-HG-NENs. Methods: We included 38 patients with GEP-HG-NENs in this study, with their retrospective follow-up data. The expression of tumour protein p53 (TP53), RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1), somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), clusterin (CLU), and marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67) was immunohistochemically analysed. KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS) and B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) V600E expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationships between immunohistochemical and molecular biological markers and clinicopathological characteristics were examined using a Cox risk regression model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Results: SSTR2, RB, TP53, and CLU expression differed between NET G3 and NECs, with variations among the NET G3 and small- and large-cell NEC (SCNEC and LCNEC, respectively) groups (p < 0.05). The median MKI67 proliferative index was approximately 40% and 70% in G3 NETs and NECs, respectively. The NET G3 group exhibited a median survival of 25 months, indicating a relatively better prognosis than that of the NECs group (median survival, 11 months). Both Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Cox risk regression model indicated a statistical correlation among treatment methods, CLU expression, and prognosis (p < 0.05). The BRAF V600E mutation rate was 32.4% in G3 NETs and SCNEC, demonstrating a significant difference between both types (p = 0.0086). Furthermore, ROC curve analysis highlighted the diagnostic significance of the positive expression of the immunohistochemical markers CLU, SSTR2, and RB in identifying NET G3. Conclusion: To guide more suitable treatment strategies, it is essential to develop and apply valuable and more targeted immunohistochemical and molecular pathological markers for a comprehensive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of detection of chemotin-like factor superfamily (CMTM)3 and CMTM6 in gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: 155 gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital were selected,, and the expression of CMTM3 and CMTM6 in the cancerous and adjacent tissues during surgery was detected. Followed up for 3 years. The relationship between the expression of CMTM3 and CMTM6 and the clinicopathological features and the 3-year overall survival (OS) of gastric adenocarcinoma patients was analyzed. The factors affecting the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed by multivariate COX regression analysis. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, the positive expression rate of CMTM3 was lower and the positive expression rate of CMTM6 was higher in cancer tissues (P < 0.05) and the positive expression rate of CMTM6 was higher than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05) The positive expression of CMTM3 and CMTM6 was related to the degree of differentiation, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05) The 3-year OS rate of CMTM3, CMTM6 positive expression gastric adenocarcinoma patients was lower than that of CMTM3, CMTM6 negative expression gastric adenocarcinoma patients (P < 0.05) The risk factors for poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients include TNM stage III, positive expression of CMTM6, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05) while the protective factor is positive expression of CMTM3 (P < 0.05) Conclusion: The positive expression rate of CMTM3 in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues is decrease, and the positive expression rate of CMTM6 is increase, which are relate to poor differentiation, TNM stage III, lymph node metastasis and low OS of gastric adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: PRKACA alterations have clear diagnostic and biological roles in the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma and a potential predictive role in that cancer type. However, the roles of PRKACA have not been comprehensively examined in gastric and colorectal cancers (GC and CRC). This study, therefore, sought to investigate the roles of PRKACA expression in GC and CRC. Methods: The clinico-genomic data of 441 GC and 629 CRC cases were analyzed for therapeutic, clinicopathological, and biological correlates using appropriate bioinformatics and statistical tools. Furthermore, the deregulation of PRKACA expression in GC and CRC was investigated using correlative and regression analyses. Results: The results showed that PRKACA expression subsets were enriched for gene targets of chemotherapeutics, tyrosine kinase, and β-adrenergic inhibitors. Moreover, high PRKACA expression was associated with adverse clinicopathological and genomic features of GC and CRC. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis also showed that PRKACA-high subsets of the GI cancers were enriched for the biological and molecular functions that are associated with cell motility, invasion, and metastasis but not cell proliferation. Finally, multiple regression analyses identified multiple methylation loci, transcription factors, miRNA species, and PRKACA copy number changes that deregulated PRKACA expression in GC and CRC. Conclusions: This study has identified potential predictive and clinicopathological roles for PRKACA expression in GI cancers and has added to the growing body of knowledge on the deregulation of PRKACA in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: This study aims to analyze potential differences in clinicopathology, efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and clinical outcome among HER2-null, HER2-ultralow and HER2-low breast cancers. Methods: Consecutive cases of HER2-negative breast cancer that received NAT were included. They were classified as HER2-null (no staining), HER2-ultralow (incomplete faint staining in ≤ 10% of tumour cells) and HER2-low (HER2-1 + or HER2-2+, in situ hybridisation negative). Subgroup analysis was performed based on the HER2 expression level. Results: Out of 302 patients, 215 (71.19%) were HER2-low, 59 (19.54%) were HER2-ultralow, and 28 (9.27%) were HER2-null. In comparison to the HER2-ultralow group, the HER2-low group exhibited higher expression frequencies of ER (p < 0.001), PR (p < 0.001), and AR (p = 0.004), along with a greater prevalence of the luminal subtype (p < 0.001). The HER2-ultralow group also demonstrated a higher prevalence of lymph node metastasis compared to the HER2-null group (p = 0.026). Varied rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) were observed among the three subgroups: HER2-null, HER2-ultralow, and HER2-low, with rates of 35.71%, 22.03%, and 12.56%, respectively. Only the HER2-low subgroup exhibited a significant difference compared to HER2-null (p = 0.001). Despite variations in pCR rates, the three subgroups exhibited comparable disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.571). Importantly, we found HER2-low patients with better treatment response (RCB-0/I) exhibited significantly better DFS than those with significant residual disease (RCB-II/III) (P = 0.036). The overall rate of HER2 immunohistochemical score discordance was 45.24%, mostly driven by the conversion between HER2-0 and HER2-low phenotype. Notably, 32.19% of cases initially classified as HER2-0 phenotype on baseline biopsy were later reclassified as HER2-low after neoadjuvant therapy, and it is noteworthy that 22 out of these cases (78.57%) originally had an HER2-ultralow status in the pretreatment biopsy sample. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the distinct clinicopathological features of HER2-low and HER2-ultralow breast tumors and confirm that RCB is an effective predictor of prognosis in HER2-low populations for the first time. Notably, our findings demonstrate high instability in both HER2-low and HER2-ultralow expression from the primary baseline biopsy to residual disease after NAT. Furthermore, this study is the first to investigate the clinicopathological feature and the effectiveness of NAT for HER2-ultralow breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features and diagnostic of metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC). Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 46 patients with pathologically confirmed MpBC admitted to the hospital from January 2014 to December 2022 was performed to analyze their clinicopathological features, outcomes and survival. The median follow-up time was 50. 9 months. Results A total of 46 patients with median age of 52 years were female. The molecular subtype was triple-negative in 80. 4% (37/46) of the patients, with spindle cell carcinoma being the most common histological subtype [32. 6% (15/46)]. All 46 patients underwent surgical treatment, and the most common distant metastasis was to the lungs [57. 1% (8/14)]. The 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 78. 0% and 61. 3%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 82. 9% and 64. 3%, respectively. Tumor pathological grade 3, lymph node metastasis, and Ki-67＞50% were the risk factors for the prognosis of MpBC patients (P＜0. 05). Ki-67＞50% was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of MpBC patients (P＜0. 05). Conclusion MpBC progresses rapidly, and poor overall survival, surgical excision is the treatment excision for MpBC, and Ki-67＞50% is an independent risk factor for its prognostic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (NUAKI) and NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 2 (NUAK2) protein and clinicopathological features and prognosis in non-specific invasive breast cancer (IBC-NST). Methods: 132 patients with IBC-NST admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected. Detected the expression of NUAK2 and NUAKI proteins in cancer tissue and adjacent tissues, the relationship between the expression of NUAK2, NUAK1 protein in cancer tissues and clinicopathological features were analyzed. IBC-NST patients were followed up for 3 years after discharge, the survival difference between patients with negative and positive expression of NUAK1 and NUAK2 were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the factors affecting the prognosis of IBC-NST patients were analyzed by multivariate COX regression analysis. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, IBC-NST had a higher positive expression rate of NUAK2 and NUAKI proteins in cancer tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of NUAK2 and NUAKI proteins in IBC-NST cancer tissue were related to the degree of differentiation, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate in IBC-NST patients with NUAKI positive expression was lower than that in IBC-NST patients with NUAKI negative expression (P<0.05), and the 3-year PFS rate in IBC-NST patients with NUAK2 positive expression was lower than that in IBC-NST patients with NUAK2 negative expression (P<0.05). Risk factors for poor prognosis in IBC-NST patients included NUAKI positive expression, lymph node metastasis, and NUAK2 positive expression (P<0.05). Conclusion: The positive expression rates of NUAKI and NUAK2 proteins in IBC-NST cancer tissue are significantly increased. The positive expression of NUAK1 and NUAK2 proteins is related to the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gut bacteria are related to colorectal cancer (CRC) and its clinicopathologic characteristics. Objective: To develop gut bacterial subtypes and explore potential microbial targets for CRC. Methods: Stool samples from 914 volunteers (376 CRCs, 363 advanced adenomas, and 175 normal controls) were included for 16S rRNA sequencing. Unsupervised learning was used to generate gut microbial subtypes. Gut bacterial community composition and clustering effects were plotted. Differences of gut bacterial abundance were analyzed. Then, the association of CRC‐associated bacteria with subtypes and the association of gut bacteria with clinical information were assessed. The CatBoost models based on gut differential bacteria were constructed to identify the diseases including CRC and advanced adenoma (AA). Results: Four gut microbial subtypes (A, B, C, D) were finally obtained via unsupervised learning. The characteristic bacteria of each subtype were Escherichia‐Shigella in subtype A, Streptococcus in subtype B, Blautia in subtype C, and Bacteroides in subtype D. Clinical information (e.g., free fatty acids and total cholesterol) and CRC pathological information (e.g., tumor depth) varied among gut microbial subtypes. Bacilli, Lactobacillales, etc., were positively correlated with subtype B. Positive correlation of Blautia, Lachnospiraceae, etc., with subtype C and negative correlation of Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, etc., with subtype D were found. Finally, the predictive ability of CatBoost models for CRC identification was improved based on gut microbial subtypes. Conclusion: Gut microbial subtypes provide characteristic gut bacteria and are expected to contribute to the diagnosis of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) in order to analyze its relationship with TROP2 expression and clinicopathological features, as well as to clarify the correlation between TROP2 expression and the prognosis of patients with SACC. Methods With approval from the ethics committee, the expression of TROP2 in 85 SACC and paracancer tissue samples was detected by using the immunohistochemical method, and the relationship between TROP2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the relationship between TROP2 protein expression and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) in 40 patients with SACC. Furthermore, the logistic regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with SACC. Results The low or no expression rate of TROP2 in SACC tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancer tissues (PPPOR = 5.37; 95% CI: 1.03-28.08; P = 0.046) and Ⅲ-Ⅳ clinical staging (OR = 6.89; 95%CI: 1.37~34.77; P = 0.019) were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with SACC. Conclusion Low or no expression of TROP2 protein in SACC tissues leads to poor prognosis of patients and is positively correlated with tumor growth and clinical staging. In addition, low or no expression of TROP2 can be used as an independent prognostic risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with SACC, and TROP2 is a marker of poor prognosis in patients with SACC.

Abstract Background This study aims to analyze potential differences in clinicopathology, efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), and clinical outcome among HER2-null, HER2-ultralow and HER2-low breast cancers. Methods Consecutive cases of HER2-negative breast cancer that received NAT were included. They were classified as HER2-null (no staining), HER2-ultralow (incomplete faint staining in ≤ 10% of tumour cells) and HER2-low (HER2-1 + or HER2-2+, in situ hybridisation negative). Subgroup analysis was performed based on the HER2 expression level. Results Out of 302 patients, 215 (71.19%) were HER2-low, 59 (19.54%) were HER2-ultralow, and 28 (9.27%) were HER2-null. In comparison to the HER2-ultralow group, the HER2-low group exhibited higher expression frequencies of ER (p

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer, a prevalent malignancy worldwide, poses a significant challenge due to the lack of effective prognostic tools. In this study, we aimed to develop a functional gene signature to stratify colorectal cancer patients into different groups with distinct characteristics, which will greatly facilitate disease prediction. Results Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups using a prediction model built based on the functional gene signature. This innovative approach not only predicts clinicopathological features but also reveals tumor immune microenvironment types and responses to immunotherapy. The study reveals that patients in the high-risk group exhibit poorer pathological features, including invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis, as well as unfavorable survival outcomes in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival. The underlying mechanisms for these observations are attributed to upregulated tumor-related signaling pathways, increased infiltration of pro-tumor immune cells, decreased infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells, and a lower tumor mutation burden. Consequently, patients in the high-risk group exhibit a diminished response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, the high-risk group demonstrates enrichment in extracellular matrix-related functions and significant infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Single-cell transcriptional data analysis identifies CAFs as the primary cellular type expressing hub genes, namely ACTA2, TPM2, MYL9, and TAGLN. This finding is further validated through multiple approaches, including multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and western blot analysis. Notably, TPM2 emerges as a potential biomarker for identifying CAFs in colorectal cancer, distinguishing them from both colorectal cancer cell lines and normal colon epithelial cell lines. Co-culture of CAFs and colorectal cancer cells revealed that CAFs could enhance the tumorigenic biofunctions of cancer cells indirectly, which could be partially inhibited by knocking down CAF original TPM2 expression. Conclusions This study introduces a functional gene signature that effectively and reliably predicts clinicopathological features and the tumor immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer. Moreover, the identification of TPM2 as a potential biomarker for CAFs holds promising implications for future research and clinical applications in the field of colorectal cancer.

Objective To analyze the relationship between immune-related markers ［A proliferation-inducing ligand/tumor necrosis factor superfamily 13(APRIL/TNFSF13), B lymphocyte activating factor (BAFF) and lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3)］ and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 120 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from March 2020 to March 2021. Streptavidin-perosidase (SP) was used to detect the expressions of APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF and LAG-3 in cancer tissues and adjacent tissue specimens obtained by surgeries. Follow-up for 3 months after operation, the expressions of APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF and LAG-3 in patients with different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were compared, and the correlation between the above three indexes and clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis was analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of APRIL/TNFSF13 (90.83% vs 17.50%, χ2=129.969, P＜0.01), BAFF (85.83% vs 12.50%, χ2=147.590, P＜0.01) and LAG-3 (84.17% vs 14.17%, χ2=117.633, P＜0.01) in colorectal cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues. There were statistically significant differences in the positive expression rates of APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF and LAG-3 in colorectal cancer patients with different pathological stages, differentiation degrees, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the positive expressions of APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF and LAG-3 were independently correlated with lymph node metastasis, pathological stage, differentiation degree and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion The immune-related markers APRIL/TNFSF13, BAFF and LAG-3 are highly expressed in the tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients, and their positive expression can be the risk factors for lymph node metastasis, high pathological stage, low differentiation and poor prognosis.

Ziyun Wang, Hua Wang Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hua Wang, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20, Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, 226001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 137 062 92250, Email wanghua12083@163.comPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the expression of Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8 (ACOT8) in breast cancer (BC) and its association with clinicopathological characteristics, patient survival, and immune infiltration.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive analysis of ACOT8 mRNA differential expression across various cancer types, followed by survival analysis. We focused on BC, where ACOT8 expression was evaluated at both the mRNA and protein levels using online databases, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Associations between ACOT8 expression and clinicopathological parameters were assessed using different databases. Additionally, we investigated the prognostic significance of ACOT8 in BC patients by analyzing various cohorts and databases. Furthermore, we predicted a potential signaling pathway and identified miR-1-3p as a possible upstream regulator of ACOT8. Finally, the relationship between ACOT8 and immune system infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint molecules, was examined.Results: Our findings demonstrated upregulated ACOT8 mRNA and protein levels in BC. Elevated ACOT8 expression correlated positively with various clinicopathological characteristics, indicating an unfavorable prognosis for patients. Functional enrichment analysis suggested ACOT8 involvement in lipid metabolism, mitochondrial components, and ribosomal functions. Moreover, we identified connections between ACOT8 and immune system markers, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoints.Conclusion: This study provides compelling evidence for ACOT8 upregulation in BC and its association with clinicopathological features and patient outcomes. Additionally, our findings suggest that targeting ACOT8 and immune checkpoints might enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy in BC patients.Keywords: ACOT8, breast cancer, clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, immunotherapy

Background and Aims: Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignant vascular tumor that phenotypically and functionally recapitulate normal endothelium. They constitute approximately 2–4% of soft tissue sarcomas. We present 36 cases of head and neck AS diagnosed for 11 years at a tertiary care hospital in South India to analyze the clinical, pathological, and immunophenotypic profiles with special emphasis on their differential diagnoses and diagnostic pitfalls. Materials and Methods: Head and neck AS diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2017 were included. Clinical characteristics, treatment received, and follow-up data were obtained from electronic medical records. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides and immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides were reviewed, and the histomorphological features, immunohistochemical staining, and their utility in resolving differential diagnosis were assessed. Results: Twenty-two females and 14 males were diagnosed with head and neck AS in the study period. Histomorphological patterns observed were mixed vasoformative and solid (n = 22), pure vasoformative (n = 13), and pure solid (n = 1). Neoplastic cells showed epithelioid, spindly, signet cell-like, clear cell, and rhabdoid morphology. CD31 was positive in 100% of cases, and CD34 was positive in 40% of cases. Differential diagnoses included melanoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and large-cell lymphoma. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the treatment modalities used. Twelve patients developed local recurrence, and 12 patients developed metastasis on follow-up. Twenty-five patients died of disease, on an average of 24 months after diagnosis. Conclusion: Head and neck AS pose a significant diagnostic challenge due to their broad morphologic spectrum. Proper clinicopathologic correlation is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis.

Abstract Background Cerebral echinococcosis is relatively rare, and it is important to distinguish cerebral cystic echinococcosis (CCE) from cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (CAE) in terms of pathological diagnosis. We aim to describe the different clinicopathological features among patients with CCE and CAE. Methods We collected 27 cases of cerebral echinococcosis which were diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2023. We compared the patients’ clinical characteristics, MRI features, and pathologic manifestations of CCE and CAE. Results Among 27 cases of cerebral echinococcosis, 23 cases were CAE and 4 cases were CCE. The clinical manifestations of both CCE and CAE patients mainly included headache (21 patients, 77.78%), limb movement disorders (6 patients, 22.22%), epileptic seizures (4 patients, 14.81%) and visual disturbances (2 patients, 7.41%). The average onset age of CAE cases was 34.96 ± 11.11 years, which was 9.00 ± 7.26 years in CCE cases. All CAE patients presented with multiple involvements in the brain and extracranial organs while all CCE patients observed a solitary lesion in the brain and 3 CCE cases had no extracranial involvement. Lesions of CCE in MRI showed a single isolated circular, which was well demarcated from the surrounding tissues and with no obvious edema around the lesions, whereas CAE lesions presented as multiple intracranial lesions, with blurred edges and edema around the lesions, and multiple small vesicles could be observed in the lesions. The edge of CAE lesions could be enhanced, while CCE lesions have no obvious enhancement. CCE foci were clear cysts with a wall of about 0.1 cm. Microscopically, the walls of the cysts were characterized by an eosinophilic keratin layer, which was flanked on one side by basophilic germinal lamina cells, which were sometimes visible as protocephalic nodes. While the CAE lesion was a nodular structure with a rough and uneven nodule surface, and the cut section was cystic and solid; microscopically, the CAE lesion had areas of coagulative necrosis, and the proto-cephalic nodes were barely visible. Inflammatory cell areas consisting of macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasma cells, eosinophils, and fibroblasts can be seen around the lesion. Brain tissues in the vicinity of the inflammatory cell areas may show apoptosis, degeneration, necrosis, and cellular edema, while brain tissues a little farther away from the lesion show a normal morphology. Conclusions With the low incidence of brain echinococcosis, the diagnosis of echinococcosis and the differential diagnosis of CAE and CCE are challenging for pathologists. Grasping the different clinical pathology characteristics of CAE and CCE is helpful for pathologists to make accurate diagnoses.

Abstract Objective Pulmonary papillary adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor. It is derived from type II lung cells and club cells, suggesting that it may originate from stem cells with two-way differentiation. Only one case has been reported with FGFR2-IIIb overexpression. Methods Two cases of pulmonary papillary adenoma with available data on clinical features, histological morphology, immunophenotype and molecular characteristics were analyzed. Results Both tumors were well-circumscribed unencapsulated nodules composed of papillary structures with fibrovascular cores lined by a single layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium without necrosis, nuclear atypia and mitoses, or invasion. But malignant transformation features include complex branching structures and significantly enlarged, irregular, and crowded malignant cells in one case. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for TTF1, NapsinA, EMA and CK7 and negative for CEA and P63, with a low Ki-67 proliferation index. The EGFR somatic mutation exon19:c.2236_2256delinsATC (p.E746_S752delinsI) was found in one case by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Conclusion Pulmonary papillary adenoma is very rare. Virtually all papillary adenomas are clinically silent and discovered incidentally. They are benign tumors, and resection is curative. An EGFR 19 exon deletion mutation in a patient with this tumor type was detected for the first time by NGS, and our results suggest that the malignant transformation of pulmonary papillary adenoma may be mediated by EGFR mutation.

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by excessive growth of myeloid cells and their progenitors. The incidence of CML is approximately 1–2/100,000 population per year. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to determine the clinicopathological features of patients with CML and their risk stratification by the Sokal score at a tertiary care hospital in North-East India. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center prospective study conducted for 5 years (2018–2022). A total of 109 cases diagnosed with CML by qualitative analysis of BCR-ABL1 transcript reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. The Sokal score was calculated using previously published formulae to classify the patients into different risk groups. The outcome (dead or alive) of CML patients was compared with their individual risk groups using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Out of 109 CML patients, 73 were males and 36 were females. At the end of the study, 85 patients were alive whereas 24 died. The mean age at presentation was 42.08±15.06 years. The pediatric age group comprises 1.84% of total cases. The percentages of death were higher (79.17%) in patients aged 18–59 years, followed by 20.83% in ≥60 years age group, whereas no death was recorded in the pediatric age group (

\nIntroduction: Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation (PAED) without thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression is an extremely rare variant of lung cancer. Due to its rarity, few clinicopathological and molecular studies have been performed on PAED, particularly in Caucasian patients. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain clinicopathological data of Caucasian PAED patients without TTF-1 expression, their systemic therapy options, and the efficacy of their systemic treatment. Methods: We examined the clinicopathological features of 121 cases of TTF-1-negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma at a certified German lung cancer center including 79 cases without a PAED and 42 cases with a PAED, compared these subgroups, and investigated patients’ response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy as first-line treatment. By using endoscopy and/or a PET-CT, a primary adenocarcinoma of the digestive tract was excluded in all PAED patients. Results: A comparison of clinicopathological data of TTF-1-negative PAED and non-PAED patients revealed a significantly lower frequency of high programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PAED resulting in the lack of single-agent immunotherapy (p = 0.032) in this subgroup. Frequencies of an activating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation were high in both groups (46.7% and 50.0%), but G12C gene mutations were seldomly noted (in 6.7% and 18.5% of patients with evaluable data). Median overall survival (OS) was poor in both groups (10 and 12 months). The majority of PAED patients received platinum-based and taxane-containing chemotherapy or chemo-/immunotherapy with an objective response rate (ORR) of 31.6% and a disease control rate of 57.9%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS of PAED patients with systemic therapy were very poor (3.9 months and 5.9 months). Conclusions: Caucasian patients with TTF-1 negative PAED have a poor prognosis with a reduced ORR to standard first-line systemic therapy and short survival times (PFS and OS). Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation (PAED) without expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is an extremely rare and hard-to-treat variant of lung cancer. We collected clinicopathological data of 121 Caucasian patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma without TTF-1 expression, their systemic therapy options, and the efficacy of their systemic treatment including 79 cases without a PAED and 42 cases with a PAED, compared these subgroups, and investigated patients’ response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy as first-line treatment. A comparison of clinicopathological data of TTF-1-negative PAED and non-PAED patients revealed a significantly lower frequency of high programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in PAED resulting in the lack of single-agent immunotherapy (p = 0.032) in this subgroup. Frequencies of an activating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene mutation were high in both groups (46.7% and 50.0%), but a G12C gene mutation was seldomly noted (in 6.7% and 18.5% of patients with evaluable data). Median overall survival (OS) was poor in both groups (10 and 12 months). The majority of PAED patients received platinum-based and taxane-containing chemotherapy or chemo-/immunotherapy with an objective response rate of 31.6% and a disease control rate of 57.9%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS of PAED patients with systemic therapy were very poor (3.9 months and 5.9 months). Caucasian patients with a TTF-1-negative PAED have a poor prognosis with reduced response rates to standard first-line systemic therapy and short survival times (PFS and OS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is an extremely rare and unique malignant gastric tumor with a significantly worse prognosis than non‐hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (non‐HAS). The present study explored the clinicopathological features of HAS and non‐HAS patients to provide insights into HAS treatment strategies. Methods: From December 26, 2023, we performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase.com databases for relevant studies. Two authors independently screened the studies, evaluated their quality, extracted data, and performed the analyses. This study was registered with PROSPERO on January 2, 2024. Results: Nine retrospective studies were included for analysis after screening 833 articles. A total of 350 and 924 patients were enrolled in the HAS and non‐HAS groups, respectively. While no significant differences were observed in age, sex, tumor size, T3 or T4 stage, and N2 or N3 stage between the two groups, the HAS group exhibited higher rates of lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.19–3.13, p = 0.007), liver metastasis (OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 2.26–5.28, p < 0.001), and vascular invasion (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 2.05–3.71, p < 0.001). Additionally, the HAS group had lower 3‐year survival rates (HR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.70–3.25, p < 0.001) and 5‐year survival rates (HR = 3.63, 95% CI: 1.49–8.88, p = 0.005), but lower rates of lymphatic permeation (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47–0.99, p = 0.040). Conclusion: Based on the current clinical evidence, patients with HAS present distinct clinicopathological features, greater invasiveness, and poorer prognosis than non‐HAS patients. Further research is warranted to develop optimal treatment strategies for HAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the expression of mi R-195 and mi R-3653 in glioma tissue and to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of glioma. Methods: Collected paraffin specimens of 42 glioma patients who underwent surgical resection at The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2016 to June 2019 as the glioma group, and another 30 patients with traumatic brain injury who underwent surgical treatment during the same period were selected, and the paraffin specimens of the frontal or temporal lobe tissue removed during surgery were used as the control group. The relative expression of mi R-195 and mi R-3653 in glioma group and control group were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerization chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the relationship between the expression of mi R-195 and mi R-3653 and the clinicopathological characteristics of glioma were analyzed. The relationship between mi R-195, mi R-3653 expression and prognosis in glioma patients was analysised by Kaplan Meier survival curve. The factors affecting the prognosis of glioma patients were analysised by Multivariate Cox regression. Results: The expression level of mi R-195 and mi R-3653 in glioma group were lower than those in control group (P＜0.001). There were significant differences in mi R-195 expression among patients with different pathological grades and distant metastasis (P ＜0.001). There were significant differences in mi R-3653 expression among patients with different tumor diameter,pathological grade and distant metastasis (P＜0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the three years survival rate of mi R-195and mi R-3653 low expression group were lower than those of mi R-195 and mi R-3653 high expression group (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that distant metastasis, pathological grade III-IV level, low mi R-195 expression, and low mi R-3653expression were risk factors for the prognosis of glioma patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The low expression of mi R-195 and mi R-3653 in glioma patients is associated with distant metastasis, pathological grading of grade III-IV level, and low survival rate, mi R-195 and mi R-3653 may become prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression of ANXA8, PGRMC1, and miR-92a in cervical cancer tissues and their relationship with clinicopathological features. Methods A total of 69 cervical cancer patients treated at the Second People’s Hospital of Yibin City from January 2020 to March 2022 were included in this study. Cervical cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues from these patients were collected for analysis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positivity of ANXA8 and PGRMC1. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expression of ANXA8 and PGRMC1. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of ANXA8 and PGRMC1, as well as the expression level of miR-92a.The linear correlation among ANXA8, PGRMC1, and miR-92a expression levels, as well as their relationships with the clinical pathological features of cervical cancer patients, were analyzed. Results The positive rates of ANXA8 and PGRMC1 in cervical cancer tissues (76.81%, 72.46%) were significantly higher than adjacent tissues (4.35% and 7.25%), and the expression level of miR-92a was significantly higher than adjacent tissues (P < 0.05) . With higher FIGO stage, lower differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, and parametrial infiltration, the positivity rates of ANXA8 and PGRMC1 as well as the expression level of miR-92a were higher (P < 0.05) . Conclusion ANXA8, PGRMC1, and miR-92a are highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues, and are related to the pathological characteristics such as tumor staging, differentiation degree, metastasis, and invasion. They can provide a reliable basis for the pathological evaluation of cervical cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological and molecular features of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs), compare the differences bewteen the LAMN and HAMN. Methods 32 cases of AMNs were collected between January 2015 and September 2021. They were hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. 10 samples of them were selected for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis of 425 genes. Results The majority of AMNs were female (68.8%) . Most patients had positive tumor markers. The proportion of distant metastasis, recurrence and death in HAMN patients were higher than those in LAMN patients. KRAS, GNAS and BRAF gene mutations were common in AMNs patients. The SNP of MTHFR and NQO1 were common in AMNs patients. The TMB of LAMN and HAMN patients were both lower, and there was no statistical significance between them ( P > 0.05). Conclusion AMNs have special clinical pathological and molecular pathological changes, but there is no significant difference between HAMN and LAMN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral echinococcosis is relatively rare, and it is important to distinguish cerebral cystic echinococcosis (CCE) from cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (CAE) in terms of pathological diagnosis. We aim to describe the different clinicopathological features among patients with CCE and CAE. Methods: We collected 27 cases of cerebral echinococcosis which were diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2023. We compared the patients' clinical characteristics, MRI features, and pathologic manifestations of CCE and CAE. Results: Among 27 cases of cerebral echinococcosis, 23 cases were CAE and 4 cases were CCE. The clinical manifestations of both CCE and CAE patients mainly included headache (21 patients, 77.78%), limb movement disorders (6 patients, 22.22%), epileptic seizures (4 patients, 14.81%) and visual disturbances (2 patients, 7.41%). The average onset age of CAE cases was 34.96 ± 11.11 years, which was 9.00 ± 7.26 years in CCE cases. All CAE patients presented with multiple involvements in the brain and extracranial organs while all CCE patients observed a solitary lesion in the brain and 3 CCE cases had no extracranial involvement. Lesions of CCE in MRI showed a single isolated circular, which was well demarcated from the surrounding tissues and with no obvious edema around the lesions, whereas CAE lesions presented as multiple intracranial lesions, with blurred edges and edema around the lesions, and multiple small vesicles could be observed in the lesions. The edge of CAE lesions could be enhanced, while CCE lesions have no obvious enhancement. CCE foci were clear cysts with a wall of about 0.1 cm. Microscopically, the walls of the cysts were characterized by an eosinophilic keratin layer, which was flanked on one side by basophilic germinal lamina cells, which were sometimes visible as protocephalic nodes. While the CAE lesion was a nodular structure with a rough and uneven nodule surface, and the cut section was cystic and solid; microscopically, the CAE lesion had areas of coagulative necrosis, and the proto-cephalic nodes were barely visible. Inflammatory cell areas consisting of macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasma cells, eosinophils, and fibroblasts can be seen around the lesion. Brain tissues in the vicinity of the inflammatory cell areas may show apoptosis, degeneration, necrosis, and cellular edema, while brain tissues a little farther away from the lesion show a normal morphology. Conclusions: With the low incidence of brain echinococcosis, the diagnosis of echinococcosis and the differential diagnosis of CAE and CCE are challenging for pathologists. Grasping the different clinical pathology characteristics of CAE and CCE is helpful for pathologists to make accurate diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma (AM) patients and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from 2010 to 2024. The search terms used were specific to BRAF and AM. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. The incidence of BRAF mutation and corresponding clinicopathological features in AM patients were subjected to Bayesian network analyses and diagnostic accuracy evaluation. Results: A total of 937 AM patients from 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of BRAF mutations in AM patients was 72%. According to the Bayesian network analysis, BRAF mutations are more likely to occur in younger (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; credible interval [CrI]: 1.2–4.5), mandible site (OR, 3.6; 95% CrI: 2.7–5.2), and unicystic (OR, 1.6; 95% CrI: 1.1–2.4) AM patients. Similarly, higher diagnostic accuracy was found in the younger, mandible, and unicystic AM groups. Conclusions: The incidence, risk, and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation in AM were greater in younger patients, those with mandible involvement, and those with unicystic AM than in patients with other clinicopathological features. In addition, there was a strong concordance in the diagnostic accuracy between molecular tests and immunohistochemical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pulmonary papillary adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor. It is derived from type II lung cells and club cells, suggesting that it may originate from stem cells with two-way differentiation. Only one case has been reported with FGFR2-IIIb overexpression. Methods: Two cases of pulmonary papillary adenoma with available data on clinical features, histological morphology, immunophenotype and molecular characteristics were analyzed. Results: Both tumors were well-circumscribed unencapsulated nodules composed of papillary structures with fibrovascular cores lined by a single layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium without necrosis, nuclear atypia and mitoses, or invasion. But malignant transformation features include complex branching structures and significantly enlarged, irregular, and crowded malignant cells in one case. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for TTF1, NapsinA, EMA and CK7 and negative for CEA and P63, with a low Ki-67 proliferation index. The EGFR somatic mutation exon19:c.2236_2256delinsATC (p.E746_S752delinsI) was found in one case by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Conclusion: Pulmonary papillary adenoma is very rare. Virtually all papillary adenomas are clinically silent and discovered incidentally. They are benign tumors, and resection is curative. An EGFR 19 exon deletion mutation in a patient with this tumor type was detected for the first time by NGS, and our results suggest that the malignant transformation of pulmonary papillary adenoma may be mediated by EGFR mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the expression of mitosis-associated kinase 2 (NEK2) and erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor A5 (EPHA5) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, and to analyze their relationship with clinicopathological features, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and prognosis. 151 NSCLC patients who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2020 were selected as research objects, the cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (more than 5cm from the cancer tissues) were taken during the operation. The expression of EGFR gene was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of NEK2 and EPHA5 in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of NEK2 and EPHA5 in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was compared. The expression of NEK2 and EPHA5 in NSCLC patients with different clinicopathological features was analyzed. The expression of NEK2 and EPHA5 in different EGFR mutant and wild type was analyzed. The prognosis of NSCLC patients with different NEK2 and EPHA5 expression were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Compared with adjacent tissues, the positive expression rates of NEK2 and EPHA5 in cancer tissues were significantly higher (all P<0.05). The positive expression rates of NEK2 and EPHA5 in patients with TNM stage IIIA, lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm were significantly higher than those in patients with TNM stage I～II, no lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter<5 cm (all P<0.05). The positive expression rates of NEK2 and EPHA5 in EGFR mutant group were significantly higher than those in EGFR wild type group (all P<0.05). The 3-year overall survival rate (OS) in NEK2 positive expression group and negative expression group were 40.40% (40/99) and 57.69% (30/52) respectively. The 3-year OS in EPHA5 positive expression group and negative expression group were 41.90% (44/105) and 56.52% (26/46) respectively, the cumulative survival of patients in each negative expression group were significantly higher than those in positive expression group (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of NEK2 and EPHA5 in NSCLC cancer tissues are increase, which are relate to TNM stage IIIA, lymph node metastasis, tumor diameter, and may also lead to EGFR mutation and poor prognosis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the relationship between the expression of micro-93-5p (miR-93-5p) and microRNA-98-5p (miR-98-5p) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and clinicopathological features, proliferation and invasion gene expression. Methods: 153 PTC patients who were underwent surgical resection in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2020 to October 2023 were selected as the research objects, and the intraoperatively resected cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were collected. The expression levels of miR-93-5p, miR-98-5p, proliferation gene and invasion gene mRNA in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected and compared, and the relationship between the expression of miR-93-5p and miR-98-5p and the clinicopathological features of PTC patients were analyzed. The correlation between the expression levels of miR-93-5p and miR-98-5p and the mRNA expression of proliferation genes and invasion genes were analyzed by Pearson method. Results: The expression level of miR-93-5p in cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the expression level of miR-98-5p was lower than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The proportion of TNM stage III-IV, lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation in PTC patients with high expression of miR-93-5p were higher than those in PTC patients with low expression of miR-93-5p (P<0.05). The proportion of TNM stage III-IV, lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation in PTC patients with low expression of miR-98-5p were higher than those in PTC patients with high expression of miR-98-5p (P<0.05). The levels of proliferation gene programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) and protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit (PP4R1) in cancer tissues were lower than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05), and the levels of invasion gene metalloprotease disintegrin 9(ADAM9) and Bcl-6 co-inhibitor-like protein (BCORL1) were higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that, the expression of miR-93-5p was negatively correlated with the expression levels of proliferation genes PDCD4 and PP4R1, and positively correlated with the expression levels of invasion genes ADAM9 and BCORLI. The expression level of miR-98-5p was positively correlated with the levels of proliferation genes PDCD4 and PP4R1, and negatively correlated with the expression levels of invasion genes ADAM9 and BCORL1. Conclusion: The expression of miR-93-5p in cancer tissues of PTC patients is increase, and the expression of miR-98-5p is decrease, which are relate to clinicopathological features such as TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and differentiation degree, and can also promote the proliferation and invasion of PTC cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rearrangements involving the neurotrophic-tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene family (NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3) have been identified as drivers in a wide variety of human cancers. However, the association between NTRK rearranged thyroid carcinoma and clinicopathological characteristics has not yet been established. In our study, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of thyroid cancer patients and identified 2 cases with NTRK rearrangement, no additional molecular alterations were observed in either of these cases. The fusion of the rearrangement in both cases was ETV6(E4)::NTRK3(E14). By analyzing the clinicopathological features of these two cases, we found that both were characterized by multiple tumor nodules, invasive growth, and central lymph node metastases, indicating the follicular subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining profiles showed CD56-, CK19+, Galectin-3+, HBME1+. These clinicopathological features suggest the possibility of ETV6-NTRK3 rearranged thyroid carcinoma and highlight the importance of performing gene fusion testing by FISH or NGS for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunotherapy improves the prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer. The expression level of PD-L1 in lung cancer tissue is the most reliable marker for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the relationship between PD-L1 expression level and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with lung adenocarcinoma is unclear. The paper aims to analyze the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features in surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathological data of 100 patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of our hospital from January 2021 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemistry showed that 36 patients had positive PD-L1 results in postoperative tumor tissues (incidence rate, 36.0%). The tumor-node-metastasis stage, tumor stage, node stage, degree of differentiation, smoking history, and intravascular cancer embolus were statistically different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative pathological stages above stage II, T3-4, N1-2, poorly differentiated tumors, and positive intravascular cancer embolus were independent factors for PD-L1 positive in lung adenocarcinoma tissue. Therefore, these patients require more attention in the clinic to increase the efficiency of immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the relationship between Yes-associated protein (YAP), nuclear matrix binding region binding protein 1 (SATB1), receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphanin receptor 2 (ROR2) of papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues and clinicopathological features and recurrence. 198 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected, the resected cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were taken, and the expression of YAP, SATB1 and ROR2 proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. After 2 years of follow-up, the recurrence was counted, and the patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to the recurrence. The differences of YAP, SATB1 and ROR2 protein expression between different clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma were compared, the factors affecting postoperative recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The positive expression rates of YAP, SATB1 and ROR2 in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of YAP, SATB1 and ROR2 in cancer tissues of patients with low differentiation, TNM stage III and lymph node metastasis were higher than those in patients with moderate to high differentiation, TNM stage I～II and no lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). 198 patients were followed up for 2 years, 1 case was lost to follow-up, 21 cases recurred, and the recurrence rate was 10.66%. The positive expression rates of YAP, SATB1 and ROR2 in recurrence group were higher than those in the non-recurrence group (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low differentiation, TNM stage III, no lymph node cleaning, YAP positive expression, SATB1 positive expression, and ROR2 positive expression were risk factors for postoperative recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of YAP, SATB1 and ROR2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma are significantly increase, the positive expression of YAP, SATB1 and ROR2 are relate to low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, late TNM stage and postoperative recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the expression of zinc finger transcription factor (Slug), terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT), Y chromosome sex determination region related high-speed swimming frame factor 9 (SOX9) protein and clinicopathological features and prognosis of thymoma patients was analyzed. 113 cases of thymoma tissues and adjacent tissues surgically resected in our hospital were selected from May 2016 to November 2018. The positive expression of Slug, TdT and SOX9 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of Slug, TdT and SOX9 protein and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of thymoma patients was analyzed. The positive expression rates of Slug, TdT and SOX9 protein in thymoma tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive expression of Slug, TdT and SOX9 protein in thymoma tissues in terms of age, gender, tumor diameter, whether combined with myasthenia gravis and whether accompanied by macrovascular invasion (P>0.05). The positive expression of Slug, TdT and SOX9 protein in thymoma tissues was significantly different in Masaoka-Koga stage and WHO classification (P<0.05). The positive expression of Slug, TdT and SOX9 protein in thymoma tissues was positively correlated with Masaoka-Koga stage and WHO classification (P<0.05). The 5-year overall survival rate in 113 thymoma patients was 81.42% (92/113), the 5-year survival rate in Slug positive group was lower than that in Slug negative group (70.18% VS 92.86%). the 5-year survival rate in TdT positive group was lower than that in TdT negative group (79.790% VS 89.57%), the 5-year survival rate in SOX9 positive group was lower than that in SOX9 negative group (79.35% VS 90.48% ) (χ² =9.669, 9.515, 17.008, P<0.05). Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that, Masaoka-Koga stage (stageIII/stageIV), WHO classification (B2/B3), positive expression of Slug protein, positive expression of TdT protein and positive expression of SOX9 protein were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of thymoma patients (HR: 3.518, 2.921, 4.536, 1.402, 2.921, P<0.05). The expression of Slug, TdT and SOX9 in thymoma tissues are high, the expression of the three proteins are relate to the Masaoka-Koga stage and WHO classification, and they are independent risk factor affecting the 5-year survival rate of thymoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by excessive growth of myeloid cells and their progenitors. The incidence of CML is approximately 1-2/100,000 population per year. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to determine the clinicopathological features of patients with CML and their risk stratification by the Sokal score at a tertiary care hospital in North-East India. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center prospective study conducted for 5 years (2018-2022). A total of 109 cases diagnosed with CML by qualitative analysis of BCR-ABL1 transcript reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction were included in the study. The Sokal score was calculated using previously published formulae to classify the patients into different risk groups. The outcome (dead or alive) of CML patients was compared with their individual risk groups using Fisher's exact test. Results: Out of 109 CML patients, 73 were males and 36 were females. At the end of the study, 85 patients were alive whereas 24 died. The mean age at presentation was 42.08±15.06 years. The pediatric age group comprises 1.84% of total cases. The percentages of death were higher (79.17%) in patients aged 18-59 years, followed by 20.83% in ≥60 years age group, whereas no death was recorded in the pediatric age group (<18 years). The abdominal hard lump was the most common clinical presentation, followed by abdominal fullness, weakness, and pain abdomen. The Sokal score assigns the majority (66.06%) of patients to the intermediate risk (IR) category, followed by 25.69% and 8.26% in the high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) categories, respectively. It was observed that the majority (28.57%) of patients died in the HR group, followed by 20.83% in the IR group and 11.11% in the LR group. Conclusion: The mean age of CML patients is lower than that observed in many Western countries. The Sokal score assigns the majority of patients to IR category and the maximum death were seen in the HR group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor found worldwide. mRNA turnover 4 homolog (MRTO4) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and we explored its relationship with HCC. All cancer data were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Cancer Immune Atlas (TCIA), and the Human Protein Atlas (THPA). Stromal scores, immune scores, and ESTIMATE scores were calculated by “ESTIMATE” R package. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT were used to evaluate the immune status and infiltration of cancer tissues. pRRophetic R package was used to predict the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of different drugs in each sample. MRTO4 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC, and positively correlated with the stage and grade of HCC patients. The average immunophenoscore (IPS) of the low MRTO4 group was significantly higher than that of the high MRTO4 group. Tumor microenvironment (TME) scores were significantly higher in the low MRTO4 group than in the high MRTO4 group in HCC. MRTO4 expression was positively correlated with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and was positively correlated with most immune checkpoint gene expressions in HCC. Drug sensitivity analysis showed significantly higher IC50 values for 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, and sorafenib in patients with low MRTO4 expression than in those with high MRTO4 expression. MRTO4 acts as an independent prognostic and immunological biomarker and is correlated with clinical stage, tumor grade, and drug sensitivity in HCC. It may serve as a putative therapeutic target and potential biomarker for prognosis of HCC.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) coexisting with pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC) is rare. Herein, we report a new case and review the cases published previously in the English literature. The clinicopathological features of similar cases reported in the English literature were summarized, and a putative association between DIPNECH and pulmonary ADC was suggested.Among the 22 cases studied, the majority of patients were female and older adults. DIPNECH lesions were usually recognized beyond the lobe or segment in which the ADC was located. Most ADCs were of a low- or intermediate-grade. DIPNECH and pulmonary ADC were interspersed in six patients. In particular, two cases of ADC showed neuroendocrine differentiation.We consider that DIPNECH accompanied by ADC is not coincidental, and that the two lesions may have a causal relationship. Analogous to the tumor histogenesis association of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma/small cell carcinoma with ADC, we hypothesized that DIPNECH may also arise from a multipotent precursor cell and associate with a subgroup of ADC. However, further studies are required to explore this possibility.

Abstract Background Gut bacteria are related to colorectal cancer (CRC) and its clinicopathologic characteristics. Objective To develop gut bacterial subtypes and explore potential microbial targets for CRC. Methods Stool samples from 914 volunteers (376 CRCs, 363 advanced adenomas, and 175 normal controls) were included for 16S rRNA sequencing. Unsupervised learning was used to generate gut microbial subtypes. Gut bacterial community composition and clustering effects were plotted. Differences of gut bacterial abundance were analyzed. Then, the association of CRC‐associated bacteria with subtypes and the association of gut bacteria with clinical information were assessed. The CatBoost models based on gut differential bacteria were constructed to identify the diseases including CRC and advanced adenoma (AA). Results Four gut microbial subtypes (A, B, C, D) were finally obtained via unsupervised learning. The characteristic bacteria of each subtype were Escherichia‐Shigella in subtype A, Streptococcus in subtype B, Blautia in subtype C, and Bacteroides in subtype D. Clinical information (e.g., free fatty acids and total cholesterol) and CRC pathological information (e.g., tumor depth) varied among gut microbial subtypes. Bacilli, Lactobacillales, etc., were positively correlated with subtype B. Positive correlation of Blautia, Lachnospiraceae, etc., with subtype C and negative correlation of Coriobacteriia, Coriobacteriales, etc., with subtype D were found. Finally, the predictive ability of CatBoost models for CRC identification was improved based on gut microbial subtypes. Conclusion Gut microbial subtypes provide characteristic gut bacteria and are expected to contribute to the diagnosis of CRC.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) and FOXR2 expression in breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) tissues and clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods: 248 breast ILC patients were selected, and the relationship between FOXP1 and FOXR2 expression in breast ILC tissues and clinicopathological features were analyzed. According to the FOXP1 and FOXR2 expression in breast ILC tissues, breast ILC patients were divided into positive/negative expression groups, survival curves of each group were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, the factors affecting the prognosis of breast ILC patients was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, the FOXP1 positive expression rate in breast ILC tissues was decreased, and the FOXR2 positive expression rate was increased (P<0.05). The FOXP1 and FOXR2 expression in breast ILC tissues were related to the differentiation degree, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). 3 years after follow-up, the overall survival rate of 248 breast ILC patients was 69.11%. The overall survival rate in FOXP1 positive expression group was higher than that in negative expression group, and the overall survival rate in FOXR2 positive expression group was lower than that in negative expression group (P<0.05). The independent risk factors for death in breast ILC patients included TNM stage III-IV, triple negative and FOXR2 positive, and the independent protective factor was FOXP1 positive (P<0.05). Conclusions: The FOXP1 positive expression in breast ILC tissues is decreased, and the FOXR2 positive expression is increased, its abnormal expression is related to the differentiation degree, TNM stage and other malignant pathological features and poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been reported to play crucial roles in various malignancies. However, the clinical significance of TRIM proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between TRIM proteins and the clinicopathological features and survival outcomes in patients with CRC. Methods We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether TRIM is a prognostic factor in CRC. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Weipu databases were searched to identify eligible studies that evaluated the association between TRIM proteins and overall survival (OS), as well as the clinicopathological features of patients with CRC. Hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived and pooled using a fixed-effects model. Results From inception to March 2023, we extracted study characteristics and prognostic data for each identified study. Twelve studies enrolling 1608 patients were eligible for inclusion. Data on OS and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were available for 12 and 2 studies, respectively. The pooled analysis results showed a significant correlation between the elevated TRIM proteins and shorter OS (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.96–2.99) and worse RFS (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.78–3.54) in patients with CRC. The combined ORs indicated that TRIM protein over-expression was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.25–4.10), deep tumor invasion (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.04–3.88), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.19–4.09) and perineural invasion (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.18–3.23). Conclusions Our findings suggest that TRIM proteins can predict tumor progression and poor prognosis in CRC. Therefore, TRIM proteins may be promising therapeutic targets for patients with CRC. Graphical Abstract

Background: Although the incidence of double primary cancers (DPCs) involving lung cancer is rising, they have not been studied sufficiently. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of DPC patients with lung cancer and developed a survival nomogram to predict the individual OS rates. Methods: We included 103 DPC patients with lung cancer from Shengjing Hospital between 2016 and 2021. Based on the 6‐month cancer occurrence interval, the cases were categorized as synchronous DPCs (sDPCs) or metachronous DPCs (mDPCs). Furthermore, the mDPCs were subdivided based on whether the lung cancer occurred first (LCF cohort) or the other cancer occurred first (OCF cohort). Results: Among the patients, 35 (33.98%) and 68 (66.02%) had sDPCs and mDPCs, respectively. In the mDPCs cohort, 18 (26.47%) belonged to the LCF cohort and 50 (73.53%) to the OCF cohort. The most frequent primary cancer sites were the breast (27.18%), colorectum (22.33%), and urinary system (18.45%). Independent risk factors for progression‐free survival were Stage IV lung cancer (p = 0.008) and failure to undergo radical lung cancer surgery (p = 0.028). The risk factors for OS included squamous carcinoma (p = 0.048), Stage IV lung cancer (p = 0.001), single cancer resection plus drug therapy (p < 0.001), drug therapy alone (p = 0.002), failure to undergo radical lung cancer surgery (p = 0.014), and chemotherapy (p = 0.042). The median OS was 37 months, with 3‐ and 5‐year rates of 50.9% and 35.9%, respectively. Conclusion: DPCs involving lung cancer account for 1.11% of cases. The breast, colorectum, and urinary system were the most common extra‐pulmonary sites, and mDPCs were more frequent than sDPCs. Radical lung cancer surgery significantly affects prognosis, and drug therapy alone may be preferable when only one tumor is operable. The developed nomogram can accurately predict individual 3‐year and 5‐year OS rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obejective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of dicortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2), human mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3 (hMTERF3) and clinicopathological features and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma tissue. Methods: 125 lung adenocarcinoma patients who were admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical Universityy from June 2017 to June 2020 were selected, the cancer tissues and adjacent tissues (more than 5cm from the cancer tissues) were taken. The expression of DCLK1, GPD2 and hMTERF3 in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of DCLK1, GPD2, hMTERF3 and the clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of lung adenocarcinoma patients with different DCLK1, GPD2 and hMTERF3 expression were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The positive expression rates of DCLK1, GPD2 and hMTERF3 in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of DCLK1, GPD2 and hMTERF3 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues with low differentiation, TNM stage IIIA and lymph node metastasis were higher than those in lung adenocarcinoma tissues with middle and high differentiation, TNM stage I, II and no lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The 3-year OS rate and 3-year PFS rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive expression of DCLK1, GPD2 and hMTERF3 were lower than those of lung adenocarcinoma patients with negative expression of DCLK1, GPD2 and hMTERF3 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The positive expression rates of DCLK1, GPD2 and hMTERF3 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues are increase, which are relate to the malignant pathological characteristics and short-term poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of Bcl-2-related transcription factor-1 (BCLAF1) and histone methylase SET domain branch type 1 (SETDB1) in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and clinicopathological features and prognosis after operation. Methods: 127 patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma underwent radical resection in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University and Gaozhou People's Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were selected, the resected cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were taken, and the expression of BCLAF1 and SETDB1 were detected by immunohistochemistry, the relationship between the expression of BCLAF1 and SETDB1 and clinicopathological features were analyzed. 3 years after follow up, the survival differences of patients with different expressions of BCLAF1 and SETDB1 were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: The positive expression rates of BCLAF1 and SETDB1 in cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of BCLAF1 and SETDB1 in cancer tissues of patients with poor differentiation, TNM stage IIIa, portal vein invasion and lymph node metastasis were higher than those in cancer tissues of patients with moderate to high differentiation, TNM stage I~II, no portal vein invasion and no lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate in HBV-related HCC patients with BCLAF1 positive expression and SETDB1 positive expression were lower than those in HBV-related HCC patients with BCLAF1 negative expression and SETDB1 negative expression (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis, BCLAF1 positive expression and SETDB1 positive expression were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion: The positive expression rates of BCLAF1 and SETDB1 in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma tissues are increase, the positive expression of BCLAF1 and SETDB1 are relate to poor differentiation, TNM stage, portal vein invasion, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, increasing data have suggested that the lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) were aberrantly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the association between the prognosis of HCC and their expression remained unclear. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to determine the prognostic significance of lncRNA SNHGs in HCC. Methods: We systematically searched Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for eligible articles published up to February 2024. The prognostic significance of SNHGs in HCC was evaluated by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the clinicopathological features of SNHGs. Results: This analysis comprised a total of 25 studies covering 2314 patients with HCC. The findings demonstrated that over‐expressed SNHGs were associated with larger tumor size, multiple tumor numbers, poor histologic grade, earlier lymphatic metastasis, vein invasion, advanced tumor stage, portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT), and higher alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level, but not with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and cirrhosis. In terms of prognosis, patients with higher SNHG expression were more likely to have shorter overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), and disease‐free survival (DFS). Conclusions: In conclusion, upregulation of SNHGs expression correlates with shorter OS, RFS, DFS, tumor size and numbers, histologic grade, lymphatic metastasis, vein invasion, tumor stage, PVTT, and AFP level, suggesting that SNHGs may serve as prognostic biomarkers in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate expression and clinical value of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cervical cancer (CC) tissues. Methods: 153 HPV positive CC patients and 60 HPV negative CC patients who were admitted to the Gynecology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to May 2020 were selected, HPV positive CC tissues and HPV negative CC tissues and paracancerous tissues were collected during operation, the expression of LPCAT1 and SOCS2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of LPCAT1 and SOCS2 in HPV positive CC tissues and clinicopathological features was analyzed. Patients were divided into LPCAT1 and SOCS2 positive/negative expression groups according to the positive/negative expression of LPCAT1 and SOCS2 in HPV positive CC tissues. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves of HPV infection CC patients with positive/negative expression of LPCAT1 and SOCS2 were drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, the factors affecting the prognosis of HPV infection CC patients were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results: The positive expression rate of LPCAT1 in paracancerous tissues, HPV negative CC tissues and HPV positive CC tissues increased in turn, and the positive expression rate of SOCS2 decreased in turn (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of LPCAT1 and SOCS2 in HPV infected CC tissues with different degrees of differentiation, depth of interstitial infiltration, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and lymph node metastasis were different (P<0.05). After 3 years of follow-up, the OS and DFS of 153 CC patients with HPV infection were 78.43% (120/153) and 61.44% (94/153). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that, OS and DFS in LPCAT1 positive expression group were lower than those in LPCAT1 negative expression group, and OS and DFS in SOCS2 positive expression group were higher than those in SOCS2 negative expression group (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that, the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of HPV infection CC patients were poor differentiation, depth of interstitial infiltration≥3 mm, FIGO stage III, lymph node metastasis and LPCAT1 positive, and the independent protective factor was SOCS2 positive (P<0.05). Conclusions: High expression of LPCAT1 and low expression of SOCS2 in HPV positive CC tissues are relate to the degrees of differentiation, depth of interstitial infiltration, FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis and prognosis, which may be a prognostic indicator for HPV positive CC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of long chain non-coding ribonucleic acid (LncRNA) HOX transcriptional antisense RNA (HOTAIR) and microribonucleic acid (miR)-17-5p and proliferation genes, clinicopathological features and prognosis in cervical cancer tissues. Methods: 157 cervical cancer patients who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected, cervical cancer tissues and cancer adjacent tissues were collected, the expression levels of LncRNA HOTAIR, miR-17-5p and cervical cancer-related proliferation genes PRDX4, NEK2, FHIT and BLCAP were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The correlation between the expression of LncRNA HOTAIR, miR-17-5p and the expression of proliferation genes in cervical cancer tissues were analyzed by Pearson, the difference in 5-year survival rate of cervical cancer patients with different LncRNA HOTAIR and miR-17-5p expression were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The transcriptional levels of LncRNA HOTAIR, miR-17-5p, PRDX4, NEK2, FHIT and BLCAP in cervical cancer tissues were higher than those in cancer adjacent tissues(P<0.05). The expression of LncRNA HOTAIR and miR-17-5p in cervical cancer tissues was positively correlated with the transcription levels of PRDX4, NEK2, FHIT and BLCAP (P<0.05), the expression of LncRNA HOTAIR was positively correlated with the expression of miR-17-5p (P<0.05). The expression of LncRNA HOTAIR and miR-17-5p in cancer tissues of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIA, low differentiation, muscular invasion≥1/2 and lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that of FIGO stage I, moderate to high differentiation, muscular invasion<1/2 and no lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). 3 cases were lost during the follow-up period, and 132 cases survived. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of patients with high expression of LncRNA HOTAIR was lower than that of patients with low ex-pression of LncRNA HOTAIR (P<0.05), and the 5-year OS rate of patients with high expression of miR-17-5p was lower than that of patients with low expression of miR-17-5p (P<0.05). Conclusions: The expression of LncRNA HOTAIR and miR-17-5p in cervical cancer tissues are up-regulate, which are relate to the up-regulation of proliferation gene expression, poor differentiation, high FIGO stage, deep myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis and low survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relation of clinicopathological characteristics and RCN1 and GRP78 expression levels in colorectal cancer, and explore their prognostic value. Methods: The expression of RCN1 and HSPA5 mRNA in colorectal cancer( CRC) was examined using the TCGA and UALCAN databases, and clinical samples were obtained for immunohistochemistry to confirm the expression of both. Then, the correlation with clinicopathological features and its prognostic value were analyzed. Results: According to a bioinformatics analysis, RCN1 and HSPA5 mRNA were both significantly overexpressed in CRC and had a positive correlation.The expression of RCN1 was correlated with N stage and TP53 mutations, the expression of HSPA5 was higher in mucinous adenocarcinomas. In CRC tissues, RCN1 and GRP78 protein were both strongly expressed and localized in the cytoplasm. GRP78 expression was significantly correlated with T stage. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis curve indicates that patients with higher RCN1 expression had significantly shorter DFS than those with lower expression and a tendency toward shorter OS.According to COX regression analysis,DFS in CRC was found to be independently associated with tumor nerve invasion, TNM stage, and high RCN1 expression, Correlation analysis: RCN1 and GRP78 expression were positively associated in CRC. Conclusion: RCN1 is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has a positive correlation with GRP78 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is associated with the progression and metastasis of numerous malignant tumors. However, its relationship with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Grade 3 (GEP-NENs G3) is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of CXCR4 in GEP-NENS and to explore the clinical and prognostic value of CXCR4. Methods: This study retrospectively collected clinical and pathological data from patients with GEP-NENs who receiving surgery in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2013 to April 2021, and obtained the overall survival of the patients based on follow-up. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on pathological paraffin sections to observe CXCR4 staining. Groups were made according to pathological findings. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve was used to evaluate prognosis. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: 100 GEP-NENs G3 patients were enrolled in this study. There was a significant difference in primary sites (P=0.002), Ki-67 index (P<0.001), and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) elevation (P=0.008) between neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G3 and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). CXCR4 was highly expressed only in tumors, low or no expressed in adjacent tissues (P<0.001). The expression level of CXCR4 in NEC was significantly higher than that in NET G3 (P=0.038). The K-M curves showed that there was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with high CXCR4 expression and patients with low CXCR4 expression, either in GEP-NEN G3 or NEC (P=0.920, P=0.842. respectively). Conclusion: Differential expression of CXCR4 was found between tumor and adjacent tissues and between NET G3 and NEC. Our results demonstrated that CXCR4 can be served as a new IHC diagnostic indicator in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of GEP-NENs G3. Further studies with multi-center, large sample size and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the correlation between CXCR4 expression level and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the fifth edition of the WHO classification recognized the thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) as a separate entity from conventional non-small cell lung cancer with SMARCA4 deficiency because of the different clinicopathological characteristics of these two diseases. SMARCA4-UT mainly occurs in young to middle-aged adults and involves a large mass compressing the tissues surrounding the mediastinum and lung parenchyma. Unfortunately, SMARCA4-UT shows a high probability of recurrence after upfront surgery as well as radiotherapy resistance; moreover, chemotherapy has low efficacy. Moreover, given the recent classification of SMARCA4-UT, no data concerning specific clinical trials are currently available. However, several case reports show immunotherapy efficacy in patients with this disease not only in a metastatic setting but also in a neoadjuvant manner, supporting the development of clinical trials. In addition, preclinical data and initial clinical experiences suggest that inhibiting pathways such as CDK4/6, AURKA, ATR, and EZH2 may be a promising therapeutic approach to SMARCA4-UT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]