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En este texto se analiza a partir de modelos físicos y matemáticos el movimiento y las posibles condiciones de la caída de la Piedra Movediza de Tandil, ocurrida el 29 de febrero de 1912. Si bien se han dado todo tipo de versiones sobre qué provocó la caída, de este monumento natural, optamos por los argumentos científicos, sugeridos por Eduardo Holmberg y Ricardo Rojas en medios de prensa nacionales. Estos célebres personajes sostienen que al impulsar la piedra para que oscilara, existió siempre el riesgo de que esta cayera debido a un fenómeno físico propio de los sistemas oscilantes, que actualmente se conoce como resonancia mecánica. Tomando datos actualizados sobre la morfología de la piedra, se construyen modelos para analizar su estabilidad, describir el movimiento que realizaba y las condiciones de resonancia; que en el caso de superar una amplitud crítica conduciría a la caída. Se simulan diversos escenarios que dan sustento a estas ideas científicas pioneras.

En este trabajo se analiza la interacción y el uso de una pregunta que involucra conocimientos matemáticos propios de la escuela secundaria realizado por 62 profesores de matemática en servicio durante un curso de didáctica de la matemática en la universidad. Se adopta la teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico para analizar la actividad didáctico-matemática de estos profesores y se consideran dos posiciones institucionales diferentes: de estudio y de enseñanza. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la relevancia de la posición de estudio para el paradigma del cuestionamiento y muestran que el cuestionamiento casi desaparece en la posición de enseñanza.

Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) is an approach that integrates relevant summary level data from heterogeneously designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study not only evaluated the predictability of a published MBMA for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and its link to annual exacerbation rate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but also included data from new RCTs. A comparative effectiveness analysis across all drugs was also performed. Aggregated level data were collected from RCTs published between July 2013 and November 2020 (n = 132 references comprising 156 studies) and combined with data used in the legacy MBMA (published RCTs up to July 2013 - n = 142). The augmented data (n = 298) were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the published MBMA using goodness-of-fit plots for assessment. Furthermore, the model was extended including drugs that were not available before July 2013, estimating a new set of parameters. The legacy MBMA model predicted the post-2013 FEV1 data well, and new estimated parameters were similar to those of drugs in the same class. However, the exacerbation model overpredicted the post-2013 mean annual exacerbation rate data. Inclusion of year when the study started on the pre-treatment placebo rate improved the model predictive performance perhaps explaining potential improvements in the disease management over time. The addition of new data to the legacy COPD MBMA enabled a more robust model with increased predictability performance for both endpoints FEV1 and mean annual exacerbation rate.

Purpose The current study aimed to illustrate how a non-linear mixed effect (NLME) model-based analysis may improve confidence in a Phase III trial through more precise estimates of the drug effect. Methods The FULFIL clinical trial was a Phase III study that compared 24 weeks of once daily inhaled triple therapy with twice daily inhaled dual therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patient reported outcome data, obtained by using The Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD (E-RS:COPD) questionnaire, from the FULFIL study were analyzed using an NLME item-based response theory model (IRT). The change from baseline (CFB) in E-RS:COPD total score over 4-week intervals for each treatment arm was obtained using the IRT and compared with published results obtained with a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis. Results The IRT included a graded response model characterizing item parameters and a Weibull function combined with an offset function to describe the COPD symptoms-time course in patients receiving either triple therapy (n = 907) or dual therapy (n = 894). The IRT improved precision of the estimated drug effect compared to MMRM, resulting in a sample size of at least 3.64 times larger for the MMRM analysis to achieve the IRT precision in the CFB estimate. Conclusion This study shows the advantage of IRT over MMRM with a direct comparison of the same primary endpoint for the two analyses using the same observed clinical trial data, resulting in an increased confidence in Phase III.

Background/Objective Data on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) come almost exclusively from cohorts from Asia, Europe, and North America. We conducted this study to describe the clinical presentation, phenotype distribution, and association with sex, ethnicity, and serological markers in a large cohort of Latin American patients with IgG4-RD. Methods We performed a multicenter medical records review study including 184 Latin American IgG4-RD patients. We assigned patients to clinical phenotypes: group 1 (pancreato-hepato-biliary), group 2 (retroperitoneal/aortic), group 3 (head and neck-limited), group 4 (Mikulicz/systemic), and group 5 (undefined). We focused the analysis on how sex, ethnicity, and clinical phenotype may influence the clinical and serological presentation. Results The mean age was 50.8 ± 15 years. Men and women were equally affected (52.2% vs 48.8%). Fifty-four patients (29.3%) were assigned to group 1, 21 (11.4%) to group 2, 57 (30.9%) to group 3, 32 (17.4%) to group 4, and 20 (10.8%) to group 5. Male sex was associated with biliary tract (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-8.26), kidney (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.28-9.25), and retroperitoneal involvement (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.45-20). Amerindian patients presented more frequently with atopy history and gallbladder involvement. Group 3 had a female predominance. Conclusions Latin American patients with IgG4-RD were younger, and men and women were equally affected compared with White and Asian cohorts. They belonged more commonly to group 1 and group 3. Retroperitoneal and aortic involvement was infrequent. Clinical and serological features differed according to sex, ethnicity, and clinical phenotype., Fil: Martín-Nares, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Department of Immunology and Rheumatology; México, Fil: Baenas, Diego Federico. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Servicio de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Cuellar Gutiérrez, María Carolina. Hospital Del Salvador. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Servicio de Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Hernández-Molina, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Department of Immunology and Rheumatology; México, Fil: Ortiz, Alberto Christian. Hospital José María Cullen. Sección de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile. Hospital Del Salvador. Sección Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Neira, Oscar. Clínica Alemana de Santiago-Universidad Del Desarrollo. Unidad Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Gutiérrez, Miguel A. Universidad de Valparaíso. Hospital Naval Almirante Nef. Departamento de Reumatologia; Chile, Fil: Calvo, Romina. Hospital José María Cullen. Sección de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Saad, Emanuel José. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Departamento de Clínica Médica; Argentina, Fil: Elgueta Pinochet, Sergio. Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Sección Reumatología. Departamento de Medicina; Chile, Fil: Gallo, Jesica. Hospital Central de Reconquista. Sección de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Herrera Moya, Alejandra. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Mansilla Aravena, Bellanides Agustina. Hospital Clínico Magallanes; Argentina, Fil: Crespo Espíndola, María Elena. Hospital Señor Del Milagro; Argentina, Fil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Hospital Evangélico. Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes; Brasil, Fil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Centro Asistencial Del Sindicato Médico Del Uruguay. Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes; Uruguay, Fil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Institut Pasteur. Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación e Inflamación; Uruguay, Fil: Bertoli, Ana María. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Servicio de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Córdoba, Mercedes. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Servicio de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Wurmann Kiblisky, Pamela. Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile., Fil: Basualdo Arancibia, Washington Javier. Departamento de Medicina. Sección Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Badilla Piñeiro, María Natalia. Hospital Del Salvador, Universidad de Chile. Sección Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Hospital Córdoba; Argentina, Fil: Berbotto, Guillermo Ariel. Sanatorio Británico. Servicio de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Pisoni, Cecilia N. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno. Sección Reumatología e Inmunología; Argentina, Fil: Juárez, Vicente. Hospital Señor Del Milagro; Argentina, Fil: Cosatti, Micaela Ana. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno. Sección Reumatología e Inmunología; Argentina, Fil: Aste, Nora María. Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Airoldi, Carla. Hospital Provincial. Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Llanos, Carolina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Vergara Melian, Cristian Fabián. Hospital San Martin de Quillota; Chile, Fil: Vergara Melian, Cristian Fabián. Clinica Ciudad Del Mar; Chile, Fil: Erlij Opazo, Daniel. Universidad de Chile. Hospital Del Salvador. Departamento de Medicina Oriente; Chile, Fil: Goecke, Annelise. Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Departamento de Medicina. Servicio de Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Pastenes Montaño, Paula Andrea. Hospital Carlos Van Buren. Servicio de Medicina. Departamento de Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Tate, Patricio. Organización Médica de Investigación; Argentina, Fil: Pirola, Juan Pablo. Sanatorio Argentino; Argentina, Fil: Stange Núñez, Lilith. Clínica Ciudad Del Mar. Centro de Artritis Reumatoide; Chile, Fil: Burgos, Paula I. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Mezzano Robinson, María Verónica. Hospital Del Salvador. Clínica Las Condes; Chile, Fil: Michalland H, Susana. Universidad de Chile. Hospital Del Salvador. Sección Reumatología; Chile, Fil: Silva Labra, Francisco. Hospital Padre Hurtado. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad Del Desarrollo; Chile, Fil: Labarca Solar, Cristián Humberto. Hospital Padre Hurtado. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad Del Desarrollo; Chile, Fil: Lencina, María Verónica. Hospital Señor Del Milagro; Argentina, Fil: Izquierdo Loaiza, Jorge Hernán. Clínica de Occidente S.A. Grupo de Reumatología; Colombia, Fil: Del Castillo Gil, David Julián. Clínica de Occidente S.A. Grupo de Reumatología; Colombia, Fil: Caeiro, Francisco. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba. Servicio de Reumatología; Argentina, Fil: Paira, Sergio. Hospital José María Cullen. Sección de Reumatología; Argentina

espanolEn este trabajo se analizan 168 investigaciones sobre Algebra Lineal (AL) yGeometria Analitica (GA) en la universidad,con el objetivo de conocer si estas abordan el fenomeno de la escision entre estos conocimientos e indagar acerca de los principales topicos que orientan la investigacion sobre estos temas. Se realiza un analisis utilizando tecnicas cualitativas obteniendo una categorizacion de manera inductiva. Los resultados permiten concluir que la escision entre AL y GA que opera en los programas de estudio, no es abordada por los investigadores. La mayoria se enfocan en describir y analizar las dificultades de los estudiantes frente a estos conocimientos, y entre las propuestas para ensenar se destaca la incorporacion de software. Solo una minoria consideran desde un punto de vista epistemologico, las bondades de una ensenanza hibrida entre AL y GA EnglishIn this paper, 168 researches on Linear Algebra (LA) and Analytic Geometry (AG) at the university are analyzed, with the objective of knowing if these researches deal with the phenomenon of the split between this knowledge and to investigate about the main topics that guide the research on these subjects. An analysis is made using qualitative techniques obtaining a categorization in an inductive way. The results allow us to conclude that the split between LA and AG that operates in the study programs is not addressed by the researchers. Most focus on describing and analyzing students' difficulties with this knowledge, and among the proposals for teaching, the incorporation of software stands out. Only a minority consider, from an epistemological point of view, the benefits of a hybrid teaching between LA and AG.

We analyse the study and research carried out by N = 31 teachers in service during an on-line course in Didactics of Mathematics, about a question that could generate a Study and research path (SRP). The teachers studied the question individually and in groups. Then, they had to organize a possible teaching, adapted to an institution well known to them .The written texts produced by the teachers are analysed by means of two types of techniques: one qualitative and one based on lexicometric statistical methods. In the long term, the aim of this research is to understand the potential and difficulties of in-service teachers to organize teaching based on questions. Keywords : Teachers training; Study and research paths Resume Nous analysons l'etude et la recherche menees par N = 31 enseignants en service lors d'un cours en ligne sur la didactique des mathematiques, autour d'une question qui pourrait generer un PER. Les enseignants etudient la question individuellement et en groupe, puis il est propose d'organiser un possible enseignement adapte a une institution bien connue par les enseignants, sur la base de la question etudiee. Les textes ecrits produits par les enseignants sont analyses en utilisant deux types de techniques: une qualitative et l'autre basee sur des methodes statistiques lexico metriques. Dans le long terme, cette recherche essaie de comprendre le potentiel et les difficultes des enseignants pendant l'organisation d'un enseignement base sur des questions. Mots cles : Formation des enseignants; Parcours d'etudes et de recherche.

In this paper, we present results of an inquiry based teaching implementation carried out on a teacher training course in the University. The framework of the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD) is adopted, and a co-disciplinary Study and Research Path (SRP) whose generative question requires studying physics and mathematics together is carried out by N=25 training teachers of Mathematics at University. Some conclusions concerning the conditions, restrictions and relevance of introducing the RSC in teachers training courses at the university are performed . Keywords : Study and Research Path (SRP), Trainee teachers. Resume Dans ce travail nous presentons des resultats d'un enseignement developpe dans un cours de formation d’enseignants de mathematiques a l'Universite. On adopte le cadre theorique de la Theorie Anthropologique du Didactique (TAD) pour developper un Parcours d'Etude et Recherche (PER) avec N=25 enseignants de Mathematiques en formation a l'universite. La question generatrice demande l’etude conjointe des mathematiques et de la physique. Nous faisons quelques remarques liees aux conditions, restrictions et a l'importance des PER dans la formation des enseignants a l’universite. Mots-cles : Parcours d'etude et de recherche (SRP), Enseignants stagiaires.

Objective.Genetic and environmental backgrounds influence the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In Latin America, epidemiologic data are scarce. We aimed to determine the prevalence of RA in Chile in a population-based study.Methods.The National Health Survey was a cross-sectional household survey with a stratified multistage probability sample of 6233 participants performed between August 2016 and March 2017. A screening instrument for RA was applied to a random sample of 3847 subjects > 30 years old. Positive screening was defined by at least 1 of the following: 2 swollen joints for at least 4 consecutive weeks (past/present), and/or a diagnosis of arthritis in the past. Individuals with positive screening had rheumatoid factor, anticitrullinated protein antibodies, and C-reactive protein measured, as well as clinical examination performed by a rheumatologist. Self-report of doctor-diagnosed RA was also performed.Results.The screening questionnaire was applied to 2998 subjects. A positive screening was found for 783 (22.1%). Among subjects with positive screening, 493 (66%) had a clinical evaluation performed by a rheumatologist. Using the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 classification criteria, prevalence was 0.6% (95% CI 0.3–1.2). Prevalence was higher in women, and 3.3% of subjects self-reported having RA.Conclusion.According to this national population-based study, RA prevalence in Chile is 0.6% (0.3–1.2), a value similar to what has been found in developed countries and slightly lower than some Latin American countries. Self-reporting leads to overestimating RA.

This study aimed to illustrate how a new methodology to assess clinical trial outcome measures using a longitudinal item response theory–based model (IRM) could serve as an alternative to mixed model repeated measures (MMRM). Data from the EXACT (Exacerbation of chronic pulmonary disease tool) which is used to capture frequency, severity, and duration of exacerbations in COPD were analyzed using an IRM. The IRM included a graded response model characterizing item parameters and functions describing symptom-time course. Total scores were simulated (month 12) using uncertainty in parameter estimates. The 50th (2.5th, 97.5th) percentiles of the resulting simulated differences in average total score (drug minus placebo) represented the estimated drug effect (95%CI), which was compared with published MMRM results. Furthermore, differences in sample size, sensitivity, specificity, and type I and II errors between approaches were explored. Patients received either oral danirixin 75 mg twice daily (n = 45) or placebo (n = 48) on top of standard of care over 52 weeks. A step function best described the COPD symptoms-time course in both trial arms. The IRM improved precision of the estimated drug effect compared to MMRM, resulting in a sample size of 2.5 times larger for the MMRM analysis to achieve the IRM precision. The IRM showed a higher probability of a positive predictive value (34%) than MMRM (22%). An item model–based analysis data gave more precise estimates of drug effect than MMRM analysis for the same endpoint in this one case study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1208/s12248-021-00600-1.

In this paper, we present an ethnographic study, which describes the case of a teacher-researcher (TR) who implements five times the same co-disciplinary study and research path (SRP) in mathematics and physics at courses of secondary school in Argentina. Basically, we analysed how the results evolve throughout the implementations depending on the teacher’s performance in the classroom. The results among the first and the last implementation show positive differences in the development of the SRP. We aim to discuss the role of the teacher in the achieved evolution. The differences identified would not be mainly attributable to the characteristics of the study groups, but to the teacher. Regarding the five implementations, the TR seems to have modified progressively: her role in the class, the knowledge introduced by her into the didactic milieu, and the management of certain dialectics. This could be due to the acquired experience with the SRP replications.

In this paper, we analyse how 31 in-service teachers study the question that could generate a Study and Research Path (SRP): How does a parabolic antenna work? We also consider how they design lessons based on this question, by adopting notions of the anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD). The teachers investigated the question individually and in groups during an on-line course on Mathematics Didactics. Then, the teachers were asked to organize a possible instruction oriented to an institution known to them, based on the question they analysed before. The written texts produced by the teachers in both roles, studying the question and planning lessons are analysed using qualitative techniques and the concept of SRP. The results describe the main difficulties of in-service teachers in planning instruction according to the paradigm of research and questioning the world proposed by the ATD.

We present the results of an implementation of an study and research paths (SRP) carried out with pre-service mathematics teacher in a training course at university level. A co-disciplinary SRP, starting from the generating question Q0 about “Why did the Movediza stone in Tandil fall?” requires developing both physic and mathematics models to build a possible answer to this question. We finish by presenting some conclusions about the restrictions and relevance of introducing the SRP in pre-service teachers training courses related to modelling activity at university.

To evaluate the different definition of refractoriness in uveitis in the literature.We systematically searched the literature in order to identify definitions of refractory noninfectious uveitis in adult patients. A search strategy in the databases of MEDLINE and Scopus was used to find articles published between January 2005 and October 2018.Definitions of corticosteroids-refractoriness were related to two main concepts: persistence of inflammation despite the use of corticosteroid and recurrences above a dosage threshold. In terms of immunomodulatory therapy and biologic agents, we observed a great variety of definitions: persistence of inflammation, number of attacks, side effects or complications, symptoms, and best-corrected visual acuity.The results of this systematic review demonstrate the current lack of consensus on the definition for refractory uveitis, regardless of the treatment being used and revealed a new terminology based on a comprehensive and operational definition for each specific category of refractoriness.

Conventional radiography of hands has been the imaging technique used for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, considering its easy access and ability to reveal structural damage. However, it does not provide information about inflammatory activity or prognosis of this disease. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging is becoming the technique of choice for the early diagnosis of this disease and for the assessment of treatment response. It has a better sensitivity for the detection of inflammatory findings that cannot be identified with physical examination, analytical and conventional imaging techniques. This article reports the imaging protocol for magnetic resonance of the hands used at our institution for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We also review the main imaging findings of the disease.

"Elena de la Aldea. Cuidados en tiempos de descuidos. LOM ediciones, 2019, Santiago (93 pp) ISBN: 978-956-00-1151-0

En este trabajo se presentan resultados sobre el desarrollo de un Recorrido de Estudio y de Investigación (REI) que involucra a la Matemática y a la Física, a partir de las acciones o gestos didácticos propuestos por la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD) como propios de un REI, llamados dialécticas (Chevallard, 2013a). El REI fue implementado en cinco cursos de Matemática en escuelas secundarias con N=116 estudiantes en total. Se emplean técnicas cualitativas de análisis y metaanálisis de datos para construir una categorización inductiva conforme al uso de técnicas cuantitativas de estadística multivariada. Los resultados muestran las dificultades del desarrollo de estos gestos en el aula y permiten interpretar la existencia de un funcionamiento conjunto de ciertas dialécticas, puesto que el aumento de frecuencia de ocurrencia de algunas se corresponde con el aumento de las otras. This paper presents results on the development of a Study and Research Path (SRP) that involves mathematics and physics, from the didactic actions or gestures proposed by the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD) as typical of a SRP, called dialectics (Chevallard, 2013a). The SRP was implemented in five secondary school math courses with N=116 students in total. Qualitative techniques for data analysis and meta-analysis are used to construct an inductive categorization according to the use of multivariate quantitative techniques. The results show the difficulties of the development of these gestures in the classroom and allow to interpret the existence of a joint operation of certain dialectics, since the increase in the frequency of occurrence of some corresponds to the increase in the others. Fil: Gazzola Bascougnet, María Paz. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina Fil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina Fil: Llanos, Viviana Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Based on studies showing the potential role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme and has anti-inflammatory properties in SLE development, we decided to explore HO-1 in LN. Accordingly, we evaluated HO-1 levels and function in circulating and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils of LN patients. HO-1 levels were assessed in peripheral monocytes of LN patients and controls by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated to determine the effect of HO-1 in monocyte function. In addition, renal biopsies with proliferative LN were used to identify HO-1 in infiltrating cells and renal tissue by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Biopsies of healthy controls (HC) and patients who underwent nephrectomy were included as controls. Circulating pro-inflammatory monocytes and activated neutrophils were increased in LN patients. HO-1 levels were decreased in all subsets of monocytes and in activated neutrophils. LN monocytes showed increased phagocytosis and higher production of ROS than those of HC. When HO-1 was induced, phagocytosis and ROS levels became similar to those of HC. HO-1 was mostly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC). Renal tissue of LN patients showed lower levels of HO-1 than HC, whereas infiltrating immune cells of LN showed lower levels of HO-1 than biopsies of patients who had renal surgery. HO-1 is decreased in circulating monocytes and activated neutrophils of LN patients. HO-1 levels modulate the phagocytosis of LN monocytes and ROS production. HO-1 expression in RTEC might be an attempt of self-protection from inflammation.

This paper analyses the development of a Study and Research Path (SRP) involving mathematics and physics by means of the theoretical construct proposed by the Anthropological Theory of Didactics (ATD) called dialectics. The SRP was implemented in five secondary school math courses and 116 students participated in total. The data analysis was performed using qualitative techniques and constructing nominal variables and their modalities, which also allows the use of descriptive statistical techniques. In this work, absolute frequencies are analysed and some considerations are made - in the light of the theory - to interpret these results. Fil: Gazzola Bascougnet, María Paz. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina Fil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina Fil: Llanos, Viviana Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unrestrained T‐cell and B‐cell activity towards self‐antigens. Evidence shows that apoptotic cells (ApoCells) trigger an autoreactive response against nuclear antigens in susceptible individuals. In this study, we focus on generating and characterizing tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) to restore tolerance to ApoCells. Monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs) from healthy controls and patients with SLE were treated with dexamethasone and rosiglitazone to induce tolDCs. Autologous apoptotic lymphocytes generated by UV irradiation were given to tolDCs as a source of self‐antigens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a maturation stimulus to induce the expression of co‐stimulatory molecules and secretion of cytokines. TolDCs generated from patients with SLE showed a reduced expression of co‐stimulatory molecules after LPS stimulation compared with mature DCs. The same phenomenon was observed in tolDCs treated with ApoCells and LPS. In addition, ApoCell‐loaded tolDCs stimulated with LPS secreted lower levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐12p70 than mature DCs without differences in IL‐10 secretion. The functionality of tolDCs was assessed by their capacity to prime allogeneic T cells. TolDCs displayed suppressor properties as demonstrated by a significantly reduced capacity to induce allogeneic T‐cell proliferation and activation. ApoCell‐loaded tolDCs generated from SLE monocytes have a stable immature/tolerogenic phenotype that can modulate CD4+ T‐cell activation. These properties make them suitable for an antigen‐specific immunotherapy for SLE.

Conventional radiography of hands has been the imaging technique used for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, considering its easy access and ability to reveal structural damage. However, it does not provide information about inflammatory activity or prognosis of this disease. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging is becoming the technique of choice for the early diagnosis of this disease and for the assessment of treatment response. It has a better sensitivity for the detection of inflammatory findings that cannot be identified with physical examination, analytical and conventional imaging techniques. This article reports the imaging protocol for magnetic resonance of the hands used at our institution for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We also review the main imaging findings of the disease.

Durante un curso on-line de Didáctica de las Matemáticas, realizado por n=31 profesores en servicio, se analiza cómo ellos estudian una pregunta que podría engendrar un Recorrido de estudio e Investigación (REI). Los profesores investigaron la pregunta de manera individual y grupal, y luego se les propuso organizar una posible enseñanza adaptada a una institución conocida por ellos, basada en la pregunta. Los textos escritos producidos por los profesores se analizan empleando dos tipos de técnicas: una cualitativa y otra basada en métodos estadísticos lexicométricos. Los resultados describen las dificultades de los profesores en servicio para organizar una enseñanza conforme al paradigma de la investigación y el cuestionamiento del mundo. During an on-line course on Mathematics Didactics, carried out by n = 31 professors in service, it is analyzed how they study a question that could generate a Research and Study Path (RSP). The teachers investigated the question individually and in groups, and then they were asked to organize a possible teaching adapted to an institution known to them, based on the question. Written texts produced by teachers are analysed using two types of techniques: one qualitative and one based on lexicometric statistical methods. The results describe the difficulties of in-service teachers to organize a teaching according to the paradigm of research and the questioning of the world. Fil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina Fil: Llanos, Viviana Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina

Background: Genetic and environmental backgrounds influence the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its frequency has regional variations. In Latin America epidemiologic data are scarce. Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of RA in Chile as part of the National Health Survey (ENS, Encuesta Nacional de Salud). Methods: ENS was a cross-sectional household survey with a stratified multistage probability sample of 6,233 participants performed between August 2016 and March 2017. A screening instrument for RA was applied to a random sample of 3,700 subjects >30 years old.1, 2 Positive screening was defined by at least one of the following: (i) 2 swollen joints for at least 4 consecutive weeks (past or present) and/or (ii) a diagnosis of arthritis in the past. Individuals with positive screening had Rheumatoid Factor, Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, and C-reactive protein measured and clinical examination was performed by a rheumatologist. Self-report of doctor-diagnosed RA was also performed. Results: The screening questionnaire was applied to 2,998 subjects. Seven hundred and thirty-eight (22.1%) had a positive screening. Among the subjects with a positive screening 493 (66%) had consulted a rheumatologist. Thirty-one subjects had RA according to the ACR/EULAR 2010 classification criteria, which corresponds to 0.6% (95%CI 0.3, 1.2). Three point three per cent reported having RA. Prevalence was higher in women and in high SES. Conclusion: According to this national population-based study RA prevalence in Chile is 0.6% (0.3, 1.2). This is similar to the prevalence previously reported in developed countries, which is noteworthy given the differences in sociodemographic characteristics which exist compared to Chile. Self-reporting leads to an important overestimation of RA. Our study suggests there is a higher risk of RA in subjects with high SES in this region. References [1] MacGregor AJ, Riste LK, Hazes JMW, Silman AJ. Low prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Black Caribbeans compared with Whites in inner city Manchester. Ann Rheum Dis 1994;53:293–7 [2] Carmona L, et al. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the general population of Spain. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41(1):88-95. Disclosure of Interests: josefina duran: None declared, loreto massardo Speakers bureau: Werfen, carolina llanos: None declared, sergio iacobelli: None declared, Paula Burgos: None declared, Raquel Aguilera: None declared, maria eugenia martinez: None declared, marcela cisternas: None declared, macarena armstrong: None declared, mirentxu iruretagoyena: None declared, francisco radrigan: None declared, alvaro passi: None declared, pablo riedemann: None declared, camila cifuentes: None declared, lucero hagedorn: None declared, natalia crisostomo: None declared, alvaro cisternas: None declared, paula margozzini: None declared

Background: Teaching rheumatology to undergraduate students is every day more challenging. In order to motivate new generations and use time more efficiently, we explored new methods to incorporate active learning in our rheumatology course. Therefore, we developed a video library and turned the classical lectures into flipped classrooms. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of this new teaching method of rheumatology in a cohort of medical students at Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile School of Medicine. Methods: Fundamental lectures of rheumatology were recorded, edited and uploaded to YouTube, so the students were able to easily access the lessons from different electronic devices. A total of 10 videos were created, with an average duration of 6 minutes. A cohort of 120 fourth-year medical students took the rheumatology course between May 28th and June 11th of 2018. They were asked to watch the videos before the class, and during the classroom time the teacher could work on clinical classes, complement the information about the topic and answer questions. At the end of the course, the students evaluated this new methodology with a final online and anonymous survey. Performance analysis of each video was obtained from YouTube Analytics. Results: Seventy-two students completed the survey at the end of the course (60%). One hundred percent thought that watching the videos before the class was useful for their learning. Moreover, 70 students (97%) would like to continue using flipped classrooms in the future, and 1/3 of them would even use them to replace traditional lectures. Overall, the rheumatology was evaluated with a 6.8 score in a 1 – 7 scale. A 100% of this cohort approved the course. Average view duration of all videos was 4:37 minutes. Twenty-two students added positive comments about the use of flipped classroom in this course, and appreciated the videos were short enough to watch them before attending lectures. Conclusion: Advances in technology have allowed developing innovating ways to teach. Flipped classroom encourages students to adopt a more active role in the learning process. This new methodology seems to be well accepted by students and shows a promising way to motivate new generations to learn rheumatology. Acknowledgement: Supported by FONDEDOC Grant, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Disclosure of Interests: None declared

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease, represents a significant challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. Patients with SLE in Latin America face special problems that should be considered when therapeutic guidelines are developed. The objective of the study is to develop clinical practice guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus. Two independent teams (rheumatologists with experience in lupus management and methodologists) had an initial meeting in Panama City, Panama, in April 2016. They selected a list of questions for the clinical problems most commonly seen in Latin American patients with SLE. These were addressed with the best available evidence and summarised in a standardised format following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All preliminary findings were discussed in a second face-to-face meeting in Washington, DC, in November 2016. As a result, nine organ/system sections are presented with the main findings; an 'overarching' treatment approach was added. Special emphasis was made on regional implementation issues. Best pharmacologic options were examined for musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, kidney, cardiac, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, haematological manifestations and the antiphospholipid syndrome. The roles of main therapeutic options (ie, glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressant agents, therapeutic plasma exchange, belimumab, rituximab, abatacept, low-dose aspirin and anticoagulants) were summarised in each section. In all cases, benefits and harms, certainty of the evidence, values and preferences, feasibility, acceptability and equity issues were considered to produce a recommendation with special focus on ethnic and socioeconomic aspects. Guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus have been developed and could be used in similar settings. Fil: Pons Estel, Bernardo A.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina Fil: Bonfa, Eloisa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Soriano, Enrique R.. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Cardiel, Mario H.. Centro de Investigación Clínica de Morelia; México Fil: Izcovich, Ariel. Hospital Alemán; Argentina Fil: Popoff, Federico. Hospital Aleman; Argentina Fil: Criniti, Juan M.. Hospital Alemán; Argentina Fil: Vásquez, Gloria. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Massardo, Loreto. Universidad San Sebastián; Chile Fil: Duarte, Margarita. Hospital de Clínicas; Paraguay Fil: Barile Fabris, Leonor A.. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; México Fil: García, Mercedes A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Amigo, Mary Carmen. Centro Médico Abc; México Fil: Espada, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; Argentina Fil: Catoggio, Luis J.. Hospital Italiano. Instituto Universitario. Escuela de Medicina; Argentina Fil: Sato, Emilia Inoue. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Levy, Roger A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Acevedo Vásquez, Eduardo M.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Perú Fil: Chacón Díaz, Rosa. Policlínica Méndez Gimón; Venezuela Fil: Galarza Maldonado, Claudio M.. Corporación Médica Monte Sinaí; Ecuador Fil: Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio J.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombia Fil: Molina, José Fernando. Centro Integral de Reumatología; Colombia Fil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile; Chile Fil: Silva, Clóvis A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Vargas Peña, Andrea. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; Uruguay Fil: Gómez Puerta, José A.. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; España Fil: Scolnik, Marina. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Pons Estel, Guillermo J.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Ugolini Lopes, Michelle R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Savio, Verónica. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Drenkard, Cristina. University of Emory; Estados Unidos Fil: Alvarellos, Alejandro J.. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Ugarte Gil, Manuel F.. Universidad Cientifica del Sur; Perú. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; Perú Fil: Babini, Alejandra. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; Argentina Fil: Cavalcanti, André. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil Fil: Cardoso Linhares, Fernanda Athayde. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; Uruguay Fil: Haye Salinas, Maria Jezabel. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Fuentes Silva, Yurilis J.. Universidad de Oriente - Núcleo Bolívar; Venezuela Fil: Montandon De Oliveira E Silva, Ana Carolina. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil Fil: Eraso Garnica, Ruth M.. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: Herrera Uribe, Sebastián. Hospital General de Medellin Luz Castro de Gutiérrez; Colombia Fil: Gómez Martín, DIana. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; México Fil: Robaina Sevrini, Ricardo. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Quintana, Rosana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas; Argentina Fil: Gordon, Sergio. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; Argentina Fil: Fragoso Loyo, Hilda. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; México Fil: Rosario, Violeta. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República Dominicana Fil: Saurit, Verónica. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Appenzeller, Simone. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Cieza, Jorge. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; Perú Fil: González Naranjo, Luis A.. Universidad de Antioquia; Colombia Fil: González Bello, Yelitza C.. Ceibac; México Fil: Collado, María Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Sarano, Judith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; Argentina Fil: Retamozo, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina Fil: Sattler, María E.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; Argentina Fil: Gamboa Cárdenas, Rocio V.. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; Perú Fil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Universidad de la República; Uruguay Fil: Conti, Silvana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Amezcua Guerra, Luis M.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; México Fil: Silveira, Luis H.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; México Fil: Borba, Eduardo F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Pera, Mariana A.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Alba Moreyra, Paula B.. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina Fil: Arturi, Valeria. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Berbotto, Guillermo A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva Perón"; Argentina Fil: Gerling, Cristian. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; Argentina Fil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Gervasoni, Viviana L.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina Fil: Scherbarth, Hugo R.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de Reumatología y Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas; Argentina Fil: Brenol, João C. Tavares. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Brasil Fil: Cavalcanti, Fernando. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Brasil Fil: Costallat, Lilian T. Lavras. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil Fil: Da Silva, Nilzio A.. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasil Fil: Monticielo, Odirlei A.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Brasil Fil: Seguro, Luciana Parente Costa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Xavier, Ricardo M.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; Brasil Fil: Llanos, Carolina. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Montúfar Guardado, Rubén A.. Instituto Salvadoreño de la Seguridad Social; El Salvador Fil: Garcia De La Torre, Ignacio. Hospital General de Occidente; México Fil: Pineda, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación; México Fil: Portela Hernández, Margarita. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; México Fil: Danza, Alvaro. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; Uruguay Fil: Guibert Toledano, Marlene. Medical-surgical Research Center; Cuba Fil: Reyes, Gil Llerena. Medical-surgical Research Center; Cuba Fil: Acosta Colman, Maria Isabel. Hospital de Clínicas; Paraguay Fil: Aquino, Alicia M.. Hospital de Clínicas; Paraguay Fil: Mora Trujillo, Claudia S.. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; Perú Fil: Muñoz Louis, Roberto. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; República Dominicana Fil: García Valladares, Ignacio. Centro de Estudios de Investigación Básica y Clínica; México Fil: Orozco, María Celeste. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; Argentina Fil: Burgos, Paula I.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Betancur, Graciela V.. Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica; Argentina Fil: Alarcón, Graciela S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos

Un conjunto de dataciones, sintesis de excavaciones y analisis de materiales asociados de la cuenca alta del valle de Azapa, en torno al rio Tignamar (2.800 - 3.800 msm) nos permiten discutir la ocurrencia de procesos socio-culturales, entre cal. 1.500 a.C.-650 d.C., en la precordillera del extremo norte de Chile. Definido, en general, a partir de referencias provenientes de otros nucleos de desarrollo como los Valles costeros o el Altiplano, el Formativo local es evaluado y discutido a la luz de los datos de tres localidades arqueologicas: Pampa El Muerto, Pampa Oxaya y Mullipungo. Se propone la continuidad de grupos moviles con un modo de vida basado en la caza-recoleccion, quienes habrian progresivamente incorporado la ceramica y gestion de recursos animales, evidenciado por el arte rupestre. Se afirma, en consecuencia, la existencia de una trayectoria historica local particular durante tiempos Formativo en la Precordillera de Arica, de los Andes Centro Sur.

Esta investigación estudia los problemas que surgen en torno a la argumentación matemática empleada por los libros detexto para la educación media. Se analizan (N = 137) textos escolares realizando una categorización inductiva que tomaen cuenta diversos aspectos de la argumentación: tradiciones, inicio de la argumentación, grado de la argumentación,relación entre las imágenes externas y la argumentación.Se analiza y discute la forma en que los textos han modificado la forma de argumentar en matemática a lo largo deltiempo con las consecuencias didácticas que esto supone. Además, se analiza como el nivel educativo al que estándirigidos, influye en el tipo de argumentación empleada y las propiedades matemáticas con que se realizan lasargumentaciones. Se describen y discuten las categorías construidas y se presentan algunos resultados preliminares quepodrían resultar de interés educativo.

Se presentan algunos resultados de una investigación que propone estudiar matemática en la Escuela Secundaria en Argentina por medio de un Recorrido de Estudio y de Investigación (REI). El REI permite reconstruir distintas Organizaciones Matemáticas (OM) del programa de estudio de la secundaria; pero en este trabajo sólo describimos una primera parte, correspondiente a las funciones polinómicas de segundo grado. Las implementaciones se realizaron en cursos de 4to Año de la Secundaria, y en total participaron 163 estudiantes. Se describen aquí los resultados obtenidos en las distintas implementaciones, a partir de las funciones didácticas topogénesis, mesogénesis y cronogénesis. Se adopta como referencial teórico la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD) de Yves Chevallard. We present some research results on a proposal of study mathematics, on secondary school in Argentina, by Research and Study Paths (RSP). The RSP allows us reconstruct the different Mathematical Organizations (MO) of secondary syllabus. In this paper we describe just the first part of the RSP, the one related to second grade polynomial functions. The didactic experiences were carried out with 163 students, on their 4th year course. The results on the different experiences are described using the didactic functions of topogenesis, mesogenesis and chronogenesis, based on Yves Chevallard’s Anthropologic Theory of Didactic (ATD). Apresentam-se alguns resultados de uma investigação que propõe estudar matemática na Escola Secundária em Argentina por médio de um Percurso de Estudo e de Investigação (PEI). O PEI permite reconstruir diferentes Organizações Matemáticas (OM) do programa de estudo da secundária; mas neste trabalho só descrevemos uma primeira parte, correspondente às funções polinomiais de segundo grau. As implementações realizaram-se em cursos de 4to Ano da Secundária, e ao todo participaram 163 alunos. Neste artigo escrevem-se os resultados obtidos nas diferentes implementações, a partir das funções didácticas topogenèse, mésogenèse e chronogenèse. Adopta-se como referencial teórico a Teoria Antropológica do Didáctico (TAD) de Yves Chevallard. Ce travail présente quelques résultats d'une recherche qui vise à étudier les mathématiques au moyen d'un Parcours d'Étude et de Recherche (PER), dans l'École Secondaire en Argentine. Le PER a permis de reconstruire les différentes Organisations Mathématiques (OM) du programme d'étude de l'école secondaire; mais dans cet article nous décrivons seulement la première partie, correspondant aux fonctions polynômes du second degré. Les implémentations ont été développées dans les cours de 4éme année de collège, et au total ont participé 163 étudiants. Les résultats des différents implémentations, des fonctions d'enseignement de topogenèse, mésogenèse et chronogenèse on été ici décrits. On a adopté la Théorie Anthropologique du Didactique d'Yves Chevallard (TAD) comme référentiel théorique. Fil: Llanos, Viviana Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación En Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil; Argentina Fil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación En Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tandil; Argentina

Ce travail présente un résumé des recherches développées dans le Núcleo de Investigación en Educación en Ciencias y Tecnología (NIECyT) pendant les huit dernières années. Ont été réalisées, au total, 17 implémentations, dans lesquelles (N=234) étudiants ont participé. On utilise la Théorie anthropologique du didactique (TAD) comme cadre théorique, plus particulièrement, les notions de pédagogie de l’enquête et du questionnement du monde (PRQM) et les parcours d’étude et de recherche (PER). On présente une synthèse de quelques résultats obtenus après d’avoir introduit, d’une manière locale et contrôlée, différents PER dans des cours réguliers de Mathématiques à l’école secondaire en Argentine. On présente les questions génératrices et son arborescence, les différentes organisations mathématiques et extra-mathématiques que les parcours permettraient d’étudier, et les dialectiques développées dans des PRQM., Review of Science, Mathematics and ICT Education, Vol 8, No 1 (2014): Trends in Mathematics Education

This work analyses the changes in the relationship between arguing and images from the mathematics textbooks for the secondary school in Argentina (students 12-17 years old) along 67 years. The textbooks have been published in the period 1940 thru 2007. The analysis is done by (N=137) textbooks based on three meta-categories in an inductive way. These meta-categories are: characteristics of the arguing, relationship between images and arguing as well as characteristics of the textbooks (the date of publishing, the epistemological conceptions about mathematics and the educational level which the textbook is oriented). A factorial analysis of multiple correspondences was performed to find the main similarities and differences between the textbooks and to make a cluster analysis and one possible classification. The main differences are given by the changes in the epistemological conception of mathematics and in the characteristics of the images, especially in the newest edition books. Fil: Llanos, Viviana Carolina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Otero, Maria Rita. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Núcleo de Investigación en Educacion Ciencia y Tecnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Background Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody synthesis and inflammation. During disease course, up to 70% of SLE patients will develop LN. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that infiltrating monocytes and macrophages are associated with LN pathogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that HO-1, a haem-degrading enzyme with anti-inflammatory properties is decreased in peripheral monocytes of SLE patients. Therefore, we decided to explore the contribution of HO-1 expression to LN pathogenesis. Objectives To explore the role of HO-1 in modulating innate immunity through a cytoprotective effect in monocytes of LN nephritis patients. Accordingly, we examined the expression of HO-1 in circulating monocytes, and the effect of HO-1 induction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the phagocytic activity of monocytes from peripheral blood of LN patients and healthy controls (HC). Methods SLE patients with proliferative LN confirmed by renal biopsy (Class III, IV or V ISN/RPS) were recruited at Hospital Clinico of PUC. All individuals signed an informed consent form. Monocytes were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of LN patients and HC using pan-monocytes MACS kit. Subpopulations of monocytes and HO-1 expression were measured by FACS. ROS was determined using CellRox Kit. The phagocytic ability of monocytes was assessed by FACS and the total phagocytosis was calculated as the percentage of cells with engulfed beads. Results We found that monocytes from LN patients show significant differences when compared to HC in all the parameters analyzed. The percentage of CD16+ inflammatory monocytes was higher in LN patients (6.72±0.98%) compared to HC (4.07±0.48%) (p Conclusions Decreased HO-1 expression in circulating monocytes of LN patients leads to higher ROS production and phagocitic activity. ROS level and phagocytosis are reduced when we induce HO-1 expression with CoPP. We propose that HO-1 induction might exert a cytoprotective role in LN by regulating innate immunity. FONDECYT N° 1150173. Acknowledgements We would like to extend our appreciation to all the volunteers that participated in this study. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Ce travail présente quelques résultats d’une recherche qui essaie d’introduire les PER dans l’école secondaire en Argentine. Le PER développéa permis de « couvrir » le programme de mathématiques des trois dernières années de l’école secondaire, mais ici on décrit seulement les résultats de la première partie, laquelle est liée à l’étude des fonctions polynomiales de deuxième degré. On analyse quelques caractéristiques de l’Organisation Praxéologique de Référence (OPR) et de l’activité mathématique développée dans le PER. Mots clés: Parcours d’Étude et de Recherche (PER). Fonctions Polynomiales du Second Degré. Fonctions Didactiques. École Secondaire.AbstractThis work presents some results of a research that try to introduce Study and Research Course (SRC) in the secondary school in Argentina. The RSC allows to “cover” the program of mathematics of the last three years of the secondary school, but this work describes the results of the first report, which allows reconstructing the Mathematical Organization (MO) of the polynomial functions of the second. The characteristics of the Mathematical Organization effectively Reconstructed (MOER) and the mathematical activity developed in the RSC are analyzed. Keywords: Study and Research Course (SRC). Polynomial Functions of the Second Degree. Didactic Functions. Secondary School.

International audience; Accumulating evidence suggests a close bidirectional communication and regulation between the neu-roendocrine and immune systems. Thyroid hormones (THs) can exert responses in various immune cells, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes, affecting several inflammation-related processes (such as, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species generation, and cytokines production). The interactions between the endocrine and immune systems have been shown to contribute to pathophysiological conditions, including sepsis, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and viral infections. Under these conditions, TH therapy could contribute to restoring normal physiological functions. Here we discuss the effects of THs and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) on the immune system and the contribution to inflammation and pathogen clearance, as well as the consequences of thyroid pathologies over the function of the immune system.

One of the major goals in the research of autoimmune diseases is to develop specific therapies to regulate the expression and function of gene products that could contribute to restoring tolerance to self-constituents and replace conventional systemic immunosuppression, which is associated with important undesired side effects. Although significant progress has been made on the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, therapies for these ailments have not seen a change. During the last decade, different strategies such as pharmacologic or gene therapy modulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the administration of its metabolic product, carbon monoxide (CO), have been shown to display beneficial immunoregulatory and cytoprotective properties. In different experimental autoimmune conditions, such as Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, type-1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus, genetic or pharmacological modulation of HO-1, as well as delivery of CO have shown to ameliorate disease progression. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that dendritic cell and monocyte function can be modulated by HO-1 and/or CO. In this article, recent data related to the immunoregulatory properties of HO-1/CO will be discussed, focusing on their potential therapeutic use to treat autoimmune diseases.