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As the yoke of Babylon weighed on the exiled Judeans, music became one of the ways to let off their tension. Although they could not sing the joyful songs of the LORD, they composed lyrics about the depressing condition of being uprooted from their land of identity, Zion. Using the hermeneutics of identification, this article equates the experience of Judeans with the experience of many Zimbabweans in the diaspora, due to the worsening economy spanning from the Mugabe era up to the so-called ‘new dispensation’ under Mnangagwa. Just like the Judeans, some exiled Zimbabwean singers have also composed lyrics which express their pain in the diaspora and their longing to return to Zimbabwe. Despite having developed multiple roots in the diaspora, some still identify themselves with their rukuvute ‘umbilical cord’ back in their motherland, Zimbabwe. It is the argument of this paper that the loss of a structured, consistent and dependable world where cherished symbols of meaning are ridiculed and rejected and where value systems are diminished provides an important point of contact between the ancient texts (Psalm 137) and contemporary experience of diasporic Zimbabweans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GPR method was used to determine the depth and extent of the subsurface archaeological features at the archaeological site of Borsippa. The extensions of the archaeological walls were identified through the creation of three-dimensional maps. The LMX200 device conducted the survey using a 250 MHZ antenna. sixty parallel profiles were collected and processed by GPR Slice software. Several reflections of possible archaeological walls buried at different depths and extensions of 2, 4, 6, 11, and 20 m were identified. The 250 MHz antenna gave clear reflections of the archaeological walls, with a penetration depth of up to 4 meters. The time slice map identified a buried archaeological structure at 1-1.1 m deep, consisting of many rooms with thick walls up to 2-3 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book of Kings offers a detailed description of Hezekiah's reign. Among the episodes recorded, there is the visit of a Babylonian embassy to whom the king shows the treasures of his palace. This act prompts the prophet Isaiah to announce that all these riches will be carried away to Babylon (2 Kgs 20:12–19). Although the plot is relatively straightforward in its broad contours, scholars have struggled to make sense of the relationship between the king's gesture and Isaiah's reaction. This article argues that a semantic-pragmatic phenomenon observed in Akkadian offers a path towards a new understanding of the text's inner logic and meaning. Hezekiah's "showing" and the Babylonian envoys' "seeing" of the royal treasures acquire, in light of the parallel evoked, unexpected "legal overtones": the king's actions constitute a kind of legal symbolic act, whose dire consequences are fully explicated by Isaiah's pronouncement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tablet IM 8790, which comes from Nippur, dates to the 33rd year of Ḫammurapi of Babylon, and deals with the marriage of a nadītum priestess of the god Nergal, is a perfectly preserved document with both case and tablet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the AquaCrop model was employed to analyze the impact of projected future climate changes on the water usage and biomass production of potato crops in Babylon, Iraq, under varying irrigation methods. The irrigation techniques evaluated included sprinkler irrigation, surface drip irrigation, and subsurface drip irrigation at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm. The study involved simulating and forecasting conditions for the year 2050, comparing them to current conditions. The model measured and predicted the evapotranspiration (ETa) and actual biomass of potato crops for 2050 using the RCP 8.5 scenarios, which outline different trajectories for greenhouse gas emissions. The AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated using statistical measures such as the R2, RMSE, CV, EF, and D, achieving a 99% accuracy level in its performance. The findings suggest that using drip irrigation systems and applying the AquaCrop model significantly mitigates the adverse effects of environmental stress on desert soils and enhances sustainable agricultural practices in arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a type of lung infection that people can acquire outside of the hospital. One of the most serious complications of bacterial pneumonia is sepsis. It is a life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection. The aim of this research is to find potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis. Specifically, the study examined the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) and complete blood count (CBC) markers. Methods: One hundred twenty participants were selected and divided into 20 patients with sepsis due to CAP, 60 patients with bacterial CAP, and 40 control patients. All participants were between the ages of 23-95 years old. Blood samples were collected from both male and female patients. All samples were diagnosed by doctors specializing in respiratory and chest diseases and internal medicine. The study was conducted at Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital in Babylon Governorate and Imam Al-Hussein Medical City in Kerbela Governorate from December 2022 to June 2023. Results: The results showed significant differences in PCT, white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), monocyte, granulocyte (GRA), haematocrit, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Haemoglobin also showed significant differences, except for platelets, which did not show significant differences. The study found that PCT, WBC, GRA, NLR, and PLR were valuable markers for diagnosing patients with CAP and sepsis due to CAP. Other CBC parameters were found to be less useful. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of using PCT and CBC markers to diagnose and manage patients with community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics, as plastic fragments less than 5 millimeters (mm), are a global environmental concern that can provide a primary risk related to food contamination. Shellfish are marine organisms that are commonly subjected to microplastic contamination. The objectives of this study were to investigate microplastic contamination in spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata) and green mussels (Perna viridis) from supermarkets, local markets, and wholesale shops in Lampang province, Thailand. The results showed that spotted babylon and green mussels from the wholesale shop had the highest number of contaminated microplastics, with 1.67 ± 2.89 and 0.67 ± 0.58 particles/g wet weight, respectively. The average number of microplastics in the spotted babylon and green mussels were 0.89 ± 0.69 and 0.44 ± 0.19 particles/g wet weight, respectively. However, the number of microplastics was not significantly different among supermarkets, local markets, and wholesale shops (p > 0.05), and there was no significant difference between spotted babylon and green mussels (p > 0.05). The average length of microplastic particles found in spotted babylon and green mussels was 0.13 ± 0.14 and 0.12 ± 0.07 mm, respectively. The predominant fragment shape of microplastics found in spotted babylon and green mussels were 100.00% and 66.67%, respectively. The dominant colors of the microplastics found in spotted babylon and green mussels were blue (50.00%) and black (66.67%), respectively. The major microplastics detected were polypropylene (PP) in spotted babylon; PP and polyethylene terephthalate in green mussels. These polymers are commonly used in protective packaging and containers. Therefore, the findings of this study recommended microplastic prevention policies, especially regarding fishing and aquaculture sources. These policies could include monitoring the concentrations of microplastics in both wild and farmed seafood, encouraging circular design for fishing, evaluating the hazards and effects of microplastics on consumers, marking and tracking fishing gear to discourage discarding and facilitating the recovery of missing gear, and requiring the reporting of lost fishing and aquaculture gear to public authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift towards renewable energies is driven by the shortage of fossil fuels for electricity generation and the associated harmful impacts. Grid-connected PV systems are a reliable and effective choice for power production across different uses, making them a key player in the global renewable energy landscape. Consequently, the careful selection of components for these systems is a crucial and widely studied aspect in this area of research. This paper introduced using gray wolf optimization algorithm GWO & whale optimization algorithm WOA for determining the optimal number of grid - connected bifacial photovoltaic PV systems in Babylon Hilla. The considered factors included available space, desired energy production, radiation, dihedral factor, budget constraints, and grid connectivity requirements. The mathematical formulation of the problem and implementation details of the algorithms are presented. In addition, two cases studied are performed one for a residential area, and the other for a single house. The results demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of both algorithms in identifying optimal solutions for determining the size of systems in the area under study. However, the WOA surpassed the GWO in meeting the optimization criteria. The proper selection of these systems resulted in higher power generation, lower costs, improved energy management, and the advancement of sustainable solar energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how English Catholics imagined Jerusalem and Israel in relation to themselves, their nation and their Church. While English Protestant uses of Jerusalem imagery have been well-studied, their inter-confessional context has received less attention, and yet it was crucial to shaping them. Catholic deployments of Old Testament images and typology were no less sophisticated and significant than Protestant ones; English Catholic texts show how multivalent imagery of Jerusalem and its antithesis, Babylon, could be used both to express and to attempt to resolve tensions between the officially Protestant nation and the "true" Church. Exploring Catholic conceptions of Jerusalem, England and the Church is valuable because it offers insight into the culture that formed English Catholic recusants, missionaries, exiles and politicians, but also because it is important to a properly integrated account of the religious politics of England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Old Hispanic liturgy for Córdoban saints Faustus, Januarius, and Martialis associates the martyrs with the three men thrown into the fiery furnace (Daniel 3). This article explores the compilation choices and musical strategies that establish this biblical parallel, their possible motivations, and how a liturgy emphasizing these biblical heroes would have been received by the community that used it. The chants and prayers for Faustus, Januarius, and Martialis are borrowed from the liturgy for another trio of Iberian saints (Fructuosus, Augurius, and Eulogius), and I argue that these chants may have been selected to capitalize on the layers of cultural associations that had accrued to Daniel 3. Contemporary biblical illuminations, illustrated Beatus Apocalypse commentaries, and anti-Islamic polemics alike emphasize the Babylonian location of the three men in the furnace. In anti-Islamic polemic, Babylon becomes Córdoba, the capital of the Umayyad caliphate. These textual and artistic traditions were prominent at the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla, the presumed origin of the earliest witness to the surviving liturgy for Faustus, Januarius, and Martialis. After newly identifying anti-Islamic polemical aspects of the saints’ passio, I propose that the choice to highlight Daniel 3 in Faustus, Januarius, and Martialis’s liturgy emphasized the saints’ Córdoban origin and inscribed their story within the contemporary contexts of Muslim-Christian relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the role of workers' comprehension level in agricultural extension centers through their knowledge of administrative processes when providing agricultural extension services in some central governorates of Iraq, as well as, some of the respondents' characteristics and the relationship between the studied independent variables. The research area has 220 employees, with a sample of 50% selected in four governorates (Babylon, Anbar, Baghdad, and Salah al-Din) using simple random sampling. A number of agricultural extension workers selected from each of the studied governorates came from outside the research sample as a pretest to express the opinion of the sample members regarding the provision of agricultural extension services to these centers. Their number reached 25 agricultural extension workers. The reliability coefficient was 0.89 degrees, and the respondents provided data in October 2022. The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, simple and multiple correlation coefficients, and frequency distribution tables helped analyze and interpret the research results. The findings indicated that 44.55% of respondents had no knowledge about extension centers' instructional, planning, and promotional roles in agricultural extension services. It also appears from the results that there is a weakness in the role of the respondents in the processes studied, namely, planning, coordination, communication, training, and education. The research suggests holding extension meetings to inform extension workers of their role in understanding the administrative processes of agricultural extension centers while providing extension services and the importance of that to them, as well as, training workers in their roles and using their knowledge to understand the administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the little-studied period between the 30th and 38th years of King Samsu-iluna's reign in Babylon (1720-1712 BCE). The author examines the year names of Samsu-iluna and their context, shedding new light on Babylonian policies and history during this transitional period. The article also discusses the scarcity of available texts from this time period and their provenance in Sippar and Pī-Kasî. This document contains a list of various tablets and inscriptions from ancient Mesopotamia, specifically from the reign of King Samsu-iluna. The tablets and inscriptions provide valuable insights into the architectural activities and royal patronage during this period. This document contains a list of texts from different locations, including Sippar and Pī-Kasī, that mention King Samsu-iluna. The texts describe various events, such as the destruction of walls, the defeat of towns, and the overthrow of troops. The texts also mention the strength and heroism given to King Samsu-iluna by his king Enlil. The document provides valuable information for researchers studying the reign of King Samsu-iluna and the historical events of that time. This text provides information about King Samsu-iluna and his reign in ancient Mesopotamia. After his 30th regnal year, Samsu-iluna lost control over territories in the south to the Sealand Dynasty. However, [Extracted from the article]

One of the most problematic and devastating diseases affecting cucumber production is Fusarium wilt (Cucumis sativus L.). The present study aimed to characterize Fusarium species isolated from three different regions of cucumber fields in Babylon province, Iraq and identify them based on morphological features and phylogenetic analyses. This study showed the presence of Fusarium incarnatum, F. solani and F. oxysporum in cucumber roots. Fusarium species were phylogenetically analyzed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. All Fusarium isolates were pathogenic to cucumber cultivars but varied significantly in their growth and pathogenicity toward cucumber seeds during the experiment. F. solani-2 was greater in growth and pathogenicity than all other Fusarium species. In contrast, F. solani-1 was the lowest. The data obtained from morphological and molecular studies sufficiently supported each other, and the phylogenetic trees based on ITS were distinguished. Closely related species and distinctly separated all morphological taxa. These findings are reported for the first time for the cucumber plant in Babylon province. All these ITS sequences showed homologous to those of Fusarium species isolates in the GenBank database with a similarity percentage of 99%. To the best of present knowledge, this is the first molecular record of F. incarnatum on the cucumber plants in Iraq. The study concluded that F. incarnatum was reported for the first time in Iraq and worldwide as a causal agent of wilt disease in cucumber plants. The three species of Fusarium have different pathogenic abilities, highlighting their disease incidence, growth, and pathogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conflict management is an essential skill that nursing staff need to acquire and practice, since conflict is inevitable, whether in learning environments or clinical settings that dealing with conflict and to prevent the mistakes, barrier of communication and nursing care. another important aspect to dealing with conflict is communication skills are the important feature for nursing staff to enhance communication between nursing staff, to reduce barrier of communication and conflict. Methodology: The descriptive study was used to perform this design of study . Data were collected for the period from 6 of November,2022 until the 26 of February, 2023 the study was carried out through the tow teaching hospitals in Babylon city Marjan teaching hospital and Imam al-sadiq teaching hospital to assess the relationship between communication skills and conflict management styles used by nursing staff . probability sampling ( systemic Random sample). A sample of study 300 nurses was chosen to obtain the data. Results : The study results reveal that the that the collaborating style has the high mean ( 28.99) will the accommodating style mean is (22.39 ) when the mean of competing Style is (18.63) the compromising style has the lower mean (16.37). also study results display that most of participants have satisfactory interpersonal communication skills (n = 236; 78.7%), followed by those who have good interpersonal communication skills (n = 22; 7.3%), and those who have poor skills (n = 42; 14%). Conclusion : The current study most of participants are use the collaborating style and the lower use is compromising style. This style is used to solve the problem and that investing to collaborating of nursing staff, most of participants have satisfactory interpersonal communication skills. And there is significant relationship between communication skills section and type of conflict management style (collaborating, Accommodating, Competing, Avoiding, Compromising). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interdisciplinary study integrates spatial theory and trauma studies to explore Jeremiah's Temple Sermon (7:1–8:3) as a literary landscape in the context of cultural trauma. This study reads the Temple Sermon as a traumascape: a literary landscape constructed to shape and contain trauma stemming from Babylon's subjugation of Judah. This reading proceeds in four parts structured around the metaphor of the phantasmagoria: the first analyses how the Sermon navigates the politics of memory to legitimise its interpretation of Judah's past; the second explores how the Sermon constructs Judah's past as a geography of national failure culminating in divine punishment; the third examines the rhetorical techniques which position the reading community to affirm YHWH's rejection of their past selves. The final part integrates the findings of the prior three to read the Sermon as a traumascape wherein the tension between remembering and repressing trauma is navigated in the act of reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amoebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), affecting various hosts, such as humans, birds, and pigs. This study aimed to investigate Entamoeba spp. in monkeys (Macaca spp.) diagnose them using molecular methods. A total of 33 fecal samples were collected from monkeys (Macaca spp.) aged 3-5 years in Babylon province to investigate a common and zoonotic parasitic disease. Initially, microscopic examination was conducted on all samples, and those yielding positive results were preserved for molecular study. The DNA was extracted, and conventional PCR was carried out with a pair of primers to detect the 857 bp fragment of E. histolytica SSU rRNA gene. PCR results for 19 fecal samples, previously identified as positive by the direct smear method, from monkeys in the reserves of Babylon province indicated that the presence of the SSUrRNA gene with an 857 bp was 45% in only 15 samples. Sequencing of the SSUrRNA gene revealed 98-100% similarity with E.histolytica sequences deposited in International GenBank, which have the sequence numbers OP522013, OP522014, OP522015, OP522016, OP522017, Op626161, Op626162, Op626163, Op626164, and Op626165. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research focused on the use of some geotechnical characteristics for the initial assessment of soil liquefaction at sites in the city of Hilla, Babylon Governorate. Five sites were chosen in the city centre and relatively close to the Shatt Al-Hilla. Geotechnical properties data were used to separate soils that can be classified as liquefiable from those that are not. The criteria used in this study were of two types: the Second Chinese Criteria, which is based on the natural water content and liquid limit; and the Modified Chinese Criteria, which depends on the clay content and liquid limit for the liquefaction potential of the soil. The results of this study showed that in the Second Chinese Criteria the risk of soil increases with an increase in the natural water content and a decrease in the liquid limit; however, in the Modified Chinese Criteria, the liquefaction potential increases with a decrease in the clay content to less than 10% and in the liquid limit to less than or equal to 32%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the venture capital-driven process of making intangible assets in platform start-up firms. By examining the case study of the rise and fall of a venture capital-backed 'unicorn' firm developing a digital health platform, this paper argues that the process of real valorization of capital invested in platform start-up firms involves the making of algorithmic systems and data as intangible assets as well as the experimentation with strategies of exploitation and appropriation, which are inherently linked to the future-oriented financial valorization process of equity shares since unprofitable start-up firms continuously require outside capital to expand operations. While the fetish of 'artificial intelligence' posing the firm's chatbot for self-diagnosis as an intelligent 'doctor in your pocket' plays an important role in financial valorization, it is the failed real valorization process in making profits that ultimately leads to the platform start-up's financial collapse. The conceptual contribution of the paper centres on the contradictory nature of assetization processes which sheds light on how class domination operates in and through venture capital-driven accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from the marriage of paleomagnetism and archaeology (archaeomagnetism) are the backbone of attempts to create geomagnetic field models for ancient times. Paleointensity experimental design has been the focus of intensive efforts and the requirements and shortcomings are increasingly well understood. Some archaeological materials have excellent age control from inscriptions, which can be tied to a given decade or even a specific year in some cases. In this study, we analyzed fired mud bricks used for the construction of the Ishtar Gate, the entrance complex to the ancient city of Babylon in Southern Mesopotamia. We were able to extract reliable intensity data from all three phases of the gate, the earliest of which includes bricks inscribed with the name of King Nebuchadnezzar II (605 to 562 BCE). These results (1) add high quality intensity data to a region relatively unexplored so far (Southern Mesopotamia), (2) contribute to a better understanding of paleosecular variation in this region, and the development of an archaeomagnetic dating reference for one of the key regions in the history of human civilizations; (3) demonstrate the potential of inscribed bricks (glazed and unglazed), a common material in ancient Mesopotamia, to archaeomagnetic studies; and (4) suggest that the gate complex was constructed some time after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, and that there were no substantial chronological gaps in the construction of each consecutive phase. The best fit of our data (averaging 136±2.1 ZAm2) with those of the reference curve (the Levantine Archaeomagnetic Curve) is 569 BCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on designing a conservation indigenous Awassi sheep breeding program based on the analysis of genetic variation using the simple sequence repeat markers (SSR). The allele frequency distribution of six SSR markers distributed on three different chromosomes was used to determine the genetic variation among 50 Awassi sheep (15 from the north, 20 from the middle, and 15 from the south of Babylon city) that were collected from the private herds. The results showed that the RM32 marker exhibited high frequency and the most genotypes existed compared to other markers. The mean number of alleles (NA), the effective number of alleles (NE), the Shannon index (I), and the polymorphism information content (PIC) values per loci were 2.66 ± 0.81, 2.05 ± 0.87, 0.73 ± 0.42, and 0.37± 0.26 respectively. Also, the average observed (Obs_Hom), expected (Exp_Hom) homozygosity, observed (Obs_Het), expected (Exp_Het) heterozygosity, Nei's expected heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were 0.77± 0.18, 0.56 ±0.25, 0.23 ± 0.18, 0.44 ±0.25, 0.43± 0.24, and 0.41± 0.12, respectively. The results of the Bayesian analysis revealed that all populations were homogenous there was a clear overlap between the individuals of the three distinct clusters were formed. On this basis, we conclude that the indigenous Awassi sheep in Babylon city have reasonable genetic variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assyrians had a monarchical structure in which a king, who came to power through inheritance from a specific family, held absolute authority. At times, this form of governance manifested as a theocratic monarchy, where every political action found its legitimacy on religious grounds. Regarding succession, it is evident that practices were carried out with divine approval and request as guiding principles. The heir in question could be any of the king's natural children, but children born to kings from their second wives or slaves could not ascend to the throne through conventional means. Periodically, kings appointed their children as administrators in various cities, including Babylon, to gain experience in state affairs. The permanence of the designated heir's position and their ascension to the throne upon the king's death were not guaranteed.Additionally, historical records reveal instances where kings changed the crown prince for various reasons. These changes might be attributed to the inadequacy of the crown prince or could result from the influence of queens, as the mother of the chosen crown prince held a significant position within the Assyrian hierarchy. In this study, which is based on cuneiform texts and modern works, the objective is to comprehensively examine the role of the heir apparent in the Assyrian state system, providing insights through periodic examples. Additionally, it seeks to unveil the complex relationships between heirs, kings, queens, and other princes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of research has concentrated on H. pylori alone, ignoring the positive or negative interactions with other pathogenic microbes. A common herpesvirus that infects 40% to 70% of the general population is cytomegalovirus (CMV). So, the aim of this study was to find this possible correlation. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in Babylon, Iraq, from January to March, 2022. A total of 90 people suspected with H. pylori as abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite, and bloating. These persons were engaged in this study divided to two groups as IgG positive H pylori (positive group) and IgG negative H pylori (negative group). Antibody screening assays on blood samples were used to look for antibodies against H. pylori. IgG antibody titer in blood samples for CMV was detected by mini vidas biomerieux. One‑way ANOVA, independent T, and Chi‑square tests were used to examine the data using SPSS 23 software. Results: The CMV titer was significantly different between negative group 52.41 ± 24.107 and positive group 70.39 ± 29.048 (P = 0.002) with positive significant correlation was found at the 0.01 level (r = 0.323; P = 0.003) between these two groups regarding CMV. Males (63.16%) were more infected with H. pylori compared to females (38.5%). Thus, the gender of males considered as a risk factor regarding this infection at odds ratio 2.74 (95% CI: 1.15‑6.5; P = 0.032). Whereas, no significant difference between males 61 ± 23.85 and females 61.35 ± 30.88 was observed regarding CMV titer. Conclusion: Males considered as a risk factor regarding H. pylori infection at odds ratio 2.74 (P = 0.002). There is strong positive correlation between infection of H. pylori and CMV (r = 0.323; P = 0.003). The question that remains to resolve if H. pylori were favor the reactivation of latent infection by CMV or vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes is the most common disease caused by carbohydrate metabolism disorder that causes damage to many organs including kidney, eyes and heart. Increasing the knowledge and attitude of nurses can reduce the chronic complications of the disease. Objectives: the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge and attitude of nurses regarding hypoglycemia of diabetic patients admitted to Marjan teaching hospital in the year. Methodology: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 172 nurses working in Marjan teaching hospital in Babylon city were selected by available purposive sampling method. Information was collected using three parts of questionnaire, including first part of demographic data, and tow part about knowledge assessment, and last part of questionnaire to assess nurses' attitudes regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Results: results of the study showed that among 172 participating nurses, the majority were women (55.8%), with the largest number falling into the age group of 20-29 years. Regarding knowledge assessment, nurses scored an average of 57.47 out of a total possible score ranging from 41 to 70, indicating a moderate level of knowledge about hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. Specifically, nurses in this department scored an average of 59.86% of knowledge points related to hypoglycemia. The average score among nurses regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients was 17.41 out of a possible range of 9 to 24, suggesting a generally positive attitude towards managing hypoglycemic episodes in diabetic patients. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of improving nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. While most nurses showed moderate knowledge levels, there's room for enhancement, especially in managing hypoglycemic episodes effectively. Although nurses generally displayed a positive attitude, continuous education could bolster their confidence and skills in diabetic care, potentially reducing chronic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction are the most common causes of death in the world, and nurses play a key role in the management of these patients. Adequate attitude of health care workers towards the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction using thrombolytic agents is very important and this issue is part of patients' rights. Objectives: The present study was conducted with the aim of study investigate the attitude of nurses and doctors regarding the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction using thrombolytic agents in the teaching hospitals of Babylon, Iraq in 2022. Methodology: In this comparative study, 103 nurses and 13 doctors were selected in 2022 by available sampling method the type of sample was purposive and was conducted on nurses and doctors working in cardiac and coronary resuscitation units in Babylon Specialized Hospitals. Information was collected using two questionnaires including demographic questionnaire and attitude measurement questionnaire the attitudes questionnaire contained parts that included nurses and doctors, and a section specific to nurses only. Results: Among the studied nurses, the largest number were university nurses (36.9% bachelor, 8.7% master). (89.3%) of the nurses had work experience in the coronary care department and (73.8%) of them were currently working in the coronary care department. (78.6%) worked in the morning shift. (76.7%) of the nurses did not have a history of passing the training course in the coronary care department. (54.4%) of the nurses have a diploma and only (2.9%) of them have completed an academic course. The score of doctor’s attitude about the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction using thrombolytic agents was in the range of 68 to 98 with a mean and standard deviation of 83.62 ± 9.62. Based on the results of the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between nurses and doctors regarding the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction using thrombolytic agents (p=0.210). Conclusion: The study concludes that both nurses and doctors in Babylon Teaching Hospitals show a positive attitude towards managing acute myocardial infarction patients using thrombolytic agents. Despite variations in experience and training, both groups are prepared to provide effective care for these patients. The findings suggest a readiness within the medical staff to handle cases of AMI with thrombolytic therapy, highlighting the importance of continued education and training in coronary care management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Radioactive pollution is caused when radioactive materials are deposited in the environment or atmosphere, particularly when their presence is inadvertent, and poses harm to the environment owing to the radioactive decay of the radioactive elements. Exposure to uranium in the workplace or environment can damage cells and increase cancer risk. Uranium, a heavy metal of the actinide family, has negative consequences due to its chemical and radioactive toxicity. The fission-track method with CR-39 evaluated the uranium content in blood samples collected from healthy persons and cancer patients. This method counted the fission tracks in a detector after the nuclear reaction. The data reveal that the lowest value in the group of people with cancer is 1.84±0.36 ppb, while the highest is 2.95±0.32 ppb. This population has an average uranium content of 2.52± 0.32 ppb. The highest result was 1.88± 0.22 ppb, while the lowest was 0.39±0.15 ppb in the healthy group. This population has a mean uranium content of 1.09±0.27 ppb. The statistics show that the uranium content in cancer patients' blood is much higher than that in the blood of healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Suffering in Babylon: Ludlul bēl nēmeqi and the Scholars, Ancient and Modern" by Alan Lenzi is a comprehensive exploration of the Poem of the Righteous Sufferer, a prominent Babylonian literary masterpiece. Lenzi offers various approaches to understanding the poem, delving into its historical context and analyzing its themes and language. The book also examines the poem's place in Babylonian education and its relationship to other texts. Lenzi's work is well-researched and respectful of the Babylonian culture, making it a valuable resource for anyone studying this ancient text. [Extracted from the article]

Maize (Zea mays L.) field experiments commenced during crop season 2022 at the Experimental Farm, Al-Mahnawiya, Extension Training Center, Babylon, Iraq. The study examined the impacts of water stress tolerance on four maize cultivars' AP2 gene expression, physiology, and yield. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Four irrigation treatments applied on the main plots comprised 1) full irrigation (control), 2) withholding irrigation during elongation (Gs-V7), 3) non-irrigation during grain-filling (Gs-R2), and 4) suppressing irrigation during both elongation and grain-filling (Gs-V7+R2). The subplots included four maize cultivars: Furat, Dijlah, ZP, and Konsens. The results showed that withholding water during maize plants' elongation stage (GS-V7) significantly reduced leaf water and chlorophyll content. However, withholding irrigation increased peroxidase and catalase enzyme concentrations significantly. Suppressing irrigation at the elongation stage (GS-V7) and the elongation and grainfilling stages (GS-V7+R2) resulted in a considerable drop in cycle threshold (CT) values, with average CT values of 31.68 and 31.69 cycles, respectively. The AP2 gene expression and CT values indicated a negative correlation. The study found that the AP2 gene increases maize's water stress tolerance, and the gene expression in maize cultivar "Furat" confirms this. Maize cultivar Furat achieved recommendations for cultivation in desert regions because of its superior ability to survive and adapt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment set out during the winter of 2022-2023 availed one of the Holy Kerbala Governorate's agricultural experimental fields. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some herbicides in controlling the wild radish weeds accompanying the wheat crop, as well as, diagnosing genetic mutations in the PDS gene responsible for resistance to herbicides in wild radish. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. The main plots included five groups of wild radish seeds taken from five Iraqi Governorates, i.e., Najaf, Kerbala, Babel, Diwaniyah, and Wasit. The subplots contained four herbicides: Navigator, Tatsteler, Mark zone, and Decimate, in addition to the treatment of spraying with water only. Wild radish seeds serve for artificially infecting wheat seeds after field preparation. The study also measured wheat yield components, with the weeds appraised twice after 60 and 90 days of management. Genomic alterations in the PDS gene caused herbicide resistance in wild radish. The global herbicide-resistant cultivar has two missense mutations in codons 69 and 330 (TGT → TAT and CGT → GGT), encoding for Cys → Tyr and Arg → Gly. These alterations were identical in all weeds studied, but some Governorates had new mutations, such as, in the seeds of the Babylon Governorate's weed. The evaluation of the efficiency of chemical pesticides comes after 60 and 90 days. Wild radish seeds in the targeted Governorates differed in all features. The herbicides Navigator and Decimate are vital in giving the best percentages of control and inhibition in wild radish weeds. Chemical herbicides have enhanced wheat production by eradicating weeds, specifically difficult ones. Genetic changes in wild radish weeds in wheat crops make some chemical herbicides less effective. Herbicide-resistant radish weed seeds are genetically mutated. Thus, herbicides can target gene variants and be diversified to prevent weed resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A maize (Zea mays L.) field experiment conducted during the crop season 2022 at the Experimental Farm, Al-Mahnawiya, Extension Training Center, Babylon, Iraq, sought to evaluate the water stress tolerance of four maize cultivars under different irrigation regimes. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Four irrigation treatments comprised the main plots: full irrigation (control), no irrigation during elongation (Gs-V7), no irrigation during grain-filling (Gs-R2), and no irrigation during elongation and grain-filling (Gs-V7+R2). The subplots included four maize cultivars: Furat, Dijlah, ZP, and Konsens. Leaf area decreased by 1873.76 cm2 plant-1 during the elongation stage (Gs-V7) due to non-irrigation. Nonirrigation during elongation (Gs-V7) and both elongation and grain-filling (Gs-V7+R2) reduced rows per ear, grains per row, and 500-grain weight at 11.65 and 11.02 rows ear-1, 26.77 and 23.23 grains row-1, and 54.90 and 63.94 g, respectively. Withholding irrigation during the elongation stage (Gs-V7), the filling (Gs-R2), and the elongation and filling phases all had decreased grain output. The lack of irrigation during the elongation stage (Gs-V7) boosted the ZmMYBE1 gene expression in vegetative phases. However, irrigation suppression did not impact the ZmMYBE1 gene expression in reproductive stages. The cultivar Furat had the most rows (17.58) and grains per row (37.58), and the cultivar Konsens had the maximum mean of 500-grain weight (84.36 g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land surface temperature (LST) is crucial for determining the region's environmental quality because a significant temperature rise causes disasters, which cause environmental imbalance, reducing biodiversity and hastening desertification. In this study, remote sensing and geographic information systems were used to estimate the change in the LST of Babylon, Iraq, using two satellite images taken 20 years apart (2002, 2022). The temperature was extracted using a specific mathematical model in ArcMap10.8 software. The findings demonstrated a significant variation in temperatures and the concentration in various regions of Babylon between 2002 and 2022 and the relationship between LST and Normalized difference vegetation index. The most significant element that causes a shift in the LST is the spread of urbanization in Babylon at the expense of vegetation and unused land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) is a non-destructive method with good efficiency to detect shallow subsurface features. The archeological subsurface features were investigated with this method in most cases with the assistance of other methods such as GPR method. Eleven 2D ERI profiles were carried out to investigate the subsurface archeological features in the Kish site in the Babylon area. The 2D electrical resistivity survey was achieved with ABEM Terrameter-LS2 Device and 30 electrodes with 1-meter spacing between the adjacent electrodes along each profile. The length of the profile is 29 meters and the spacing between the adjacent profiles is 3 meters. The software RES2DINV was used to obtain the final inverted models. The resistivity value of the study site is low, not exceeding 10 ohm.m. The variation in the resistivity anomalies values indicates many possible buried walls on the site. The clearest anomaly, which shows relatively high resistivity at the distance range of 8-11 m, appeared in all profiles nearly at the same position and extended in depth from 0.25-4 meters. This anomaly is interpreted as an ancient wall. Profiles 1, 5, and 10 to check the resistivity result. The GPR survey result generally confirms the resistivity result. The 2D ERI and GPR methods successfully detect the buried wall in the study site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced guidelines with respect to hygiene practices, quarantine policies, and medical practices for health institutions to follow. Most studies examining compliance with WHO guidelines have been conducted at individual level but not at institutional level. This study investigates the availability of resources of health institutions in Iraq and their compliance with WHO COVID‐19 guidelines. A total of 234 health workers, including physicians, nurses and medical technicians, were recruited in Babylon, Iraq. Self‐reported number of health workers available in the health centre and the levels of compliance with the WHO's guidelines were assessed. Implementation of preventive measures for infected persons, fogging procedures, and having a crisis management team in the health centre were the top three common practices as recommended by WHO. There was a weak but significant positive relationship between the number of health workers in the healthcare centre and the levels of compliance with the WHO's COVID‐19 guidelines (ρ = 0.243, p < 0.05), indicating that manpower may determine the implementation of these guidelines. There is a correlation between the quantity of health workers and the levels of compliance with the WHO's COVID‐19 guidelines, showing that it is important to ensure sufficient human resources available in the health centre to implement the standard practices. In addition, more financial resources are needed to provide sufficient protective equipment and disposable supplies to health workers in Iraq. Key points: There was a weak but significant positive relationship between the number of health workers in the healthcare centre and the levels of compliance with the WHO's COVID‐19 guidelines.Implementation of preventive measures for infected persons, fogging procedures, and having a crisis management team in the health centre were the top three common practices as recommended by WHOMore financial resources are needed to provide sufficient protective equipment and disposable supplies to health workers in Iraq [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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