Solar radiation energy estimation in babylon city during (1-7-2021) based on GIS techniques.

The energy of solar radiation is distributed outside the planet continuously in the range from ultraviolet to infrared. It is natural that the value of solar radiation decreases outside the planet due to its interaction with the components of the atmosphere and results in a net solar radiation value. Several methodologies are available for this goal directly (with a radiometer) or indirectly as will be presented in this research. The digital elevation model (DEM) was used and spatial analysis in software Arc-GIS (10.3) to prepared maps for the distribution of the solar radiation energy in (1-7-2021)for Babylon city and it is located in the middle of Iraq: between latitude 32 ˚ 6ˋ N to 33 ˚ 8ˋ N, and longitude 43 ˚ 57ˋ E to 45 ˚ 12ˋ E. Four time periods for day that Started in the moment of sunrise and for four hours in each period until sunset. Thus, four maps were constructed to present the distribution of the solar radiation energy. Each map contains different radiation values with different time period due to the angle of incidence and the length of the beam of the sun. the maximum solar radiation in the second period is about 11 am. and since Babylon is almost flat, so most of the radiation energies for a certain period of the day are approximately equal. The smallest values that were calculated were during the fourth period of the day, due to the approach of sunset from the greatest angle of incidence of the sun's rays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]