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Background: Thiazolepyridine scaffold is considered to be one of the prime constituents of many biologically significant chemical entities. Methods: A set of novel thiazolepyridine derived heterocyclic hybrids, N-phenyl-2-(thiazolo[5,4- b]pyridin-2-yl)benzamides were synthesized by one-pot three-component reaction of 3-aminopyridine-2- thiol, diethyl phthalate, and anilines in a mixture of ethanol and water using HCl as a catalyst. The developed synthetic protocol, which is sustainable and economical, includes the easy work-up procedure, nontoxic, shorter reaction times. This procedure leads to high reaction yields. Results: The synthesized derivatives were screened for their antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis strains, and 4b,4e, and 4f exhibited moderate bacterial growth inhibition. Similarly, physiochemical properties and different target-based bioactivity scores have been predicted, and almost all the synthesized derivatives scores were found in the accepted range when compared with the standard values. Conclusion: Further structural modifications of the titled compounds would help to understand the structure- activity relations, to design safe and effective lead-like antibacterial agents.

Objective Mouthwash is a liquid solution used to improve oral health and breath freshness as well as reduce oral bacteria. This study aims to formulate a Euphorbia hirta L. ethanol extract for mouthwash, evaluate the physical properties, and determine its anti-bacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans. Methods Each mouthwash formula was created by utilising a solubilisation technique. Three mouthwash formulas were created from different concentrations of Euphorbia hirta L. ethanol extract (0.5%, 1%, and 2%), and referred to as F1, F2, and F3. The organoleptic properties, pH levels, specific gravity, viscosity, flow properties, stability, irritation level, contact time, and anti-bacterial effects were evaluated for each concentration. Result The resulting formulas featured a distinctive smell of oleum menthae piperitae and had a sweet and spicy taste. These characteristics remained unaffected during storage. The acidity levels ranged from 4.59 to 6.0, the weight masses ranged from 0.9693 to 1.0710 g/ml, and the viscosity ranged from 1.50 to 3.00 cP. F3 concentration was non-irritating with mucus production at 11.325%, had lower contact time with a neutralisation of 57.14% of Streptococcus mutans colonies in 30 seconds, and showed stable anti-bacterial control against Streptococcus mutans (p = 0.000) within the first week of use. Conclusion The study results offer the first proof of Euphorbia hirta L. used for improving human health. The formulation features the ideal physical and stability characteristics of mouthwash, and possesses anti-bacterial properties that can potentially combat Streptococcus mutans. Clinical use of the formulated mouthwash must be explored in future research.

This study has been initiated to form a silver (Ag)-incorporated titanium oxide (TiO2) outermost layer over a medical-grade 316L stainless steel by subsequent applications of cold spray (CS) and thermal oxidation (TO) processes. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy examination and Raman analysis revealed that TO at 600°C for 60 h in the air formed a 3 μm thick exterior layer composed of the rutile form of titanium oxide and metallic silver over the CS coating fabricated by depositing a mixture of 87 wt.% titanium (Ti), 8 wt.% aluminium (Al) and 5 wt.% silver powder. This exterior layer exhibited superior bioactivity and wear resistance along with a sufficient antibacterial activity, which can further be improved by adjusting the distribution and/or content of silver in its structure.

The study of diseases and their treatment are important part of our ancient time worldwide. The knowledge of medicinal plants must have been accumulated in the course of many centuries. Herbal plants are huge sources of neutraceuticals, prevent the different disease or maintain healthy life. Plant produces primary metabolites for their basic survival and secondary metabolites for their ecological, taxonomical and biochemical differentiation and diversity. Herbal medicine prepare different part of plant are used. Herbal drug is design as the alternative formulation for the external use in the form of ointment. For the clinical use the herbal ointment apply externally on human body. The main aims of this research are preparation of herbal ointment from the Thuja orientalis L.Plants used as antibacterial activity. Under this research work, it is design as herbal ointment with the help of Ethanolic extract of Thuja orientalis L. and determines the anti bacterial capacity on it. In vitro study the antibacterial activity of the Ethanolic extracts of dried leaves of Thuja orientalis L. are determine by using the Agar cup plate method versus different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. By blending the Ethanolic extract of Thuja orientalis L.(10 % w/w) into aqueous cream we formulated herbal ointment. The emulsifying agent and simple ointment bases are added in above herbal ointment for increase the antibacterial effectiveness during in vitro evaluation. Thuja orientalis L. (Family Cupressaceae) are broadly used in traditional system of medicine throughout different part of India, China, Russia, Korea, Japan, India, Florida and Iran. It is used in the treatment of diarrhea, cough, cold, bronchitis, and upper part repertory infection. The current study deals with the determination of formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment using Thuja orientalis leave extract.

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) containing various contents of peppermint essential oil (PEO), as a volatile bioactive agent, were prepared in order to inv...

Interest in phage-based therapeutics is increasing, at least in part due to the need for new treatment options for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It is possible to use wild-type (WT) phages to treat bacterial infections, but it is also possible to modify WT phages to generate therapeutics with improved features. Here, we will discuss features of Phico Therapeutics’ SASPject technology, which modifies phages for use as targetable nano-delivery vehicles (NDV), to introduce antibacterial Small Acid Soluble Spore Protein (SASP) genes into specific target bacteria.

Most of us know turmeric (Curcuma longa) as the vibrant orange powder located in the spice section between thyme and vanilla beans. And many of us use turmeric root powder in our cooking, particularly if we have an affinity for preparing Indian–inspired dishes. Similar to the root–like component of its cousin ginger, turmeric has been a staple of Indian food traditions for millennia and has a long history of healing use (over 4000 years) in Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese, and Siddhic medicinal traditions. Turmeric’s role in Hindu devotional and sacred ceremonies is alluded to by one of its Sanskrit names: Kanchani, the “Golden Goddess,” perhaps so called because its beautiful golden hue generously bestows healing to a wide range of ailments (Gallant, n.d.). Indeed, traditional Ayurvedic use includes turmeric as healing agent for skin abrasions, GI tract inflammation, aches and pains, and liver disorders, while modern research confirms the anti–bacterial, anti–inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of turmeric. The characteristic golden hue is produced by curcumin, the constituent in turmeric most isolated and studied by scientists, but the whole herb is used in herbal traditions and has also been the subject of many favorable studies. Turmeric’s Herbal Actions: Antioxidant and Anti–Inflammatory: Antioxidants scavenge free radicals and help to reduce or prevent damage and inflammation caused by free radicals, and anti–inflammatory agents block enzymes that promote inflammation and pain. Turmeric is often used in an Ayurvedic approach to reduce inflammation of the throat and tonsils, and as an anti–inflammatory herb for many other aches and pains. You will find that a number of culinary herbs also have antioxidant and anti–inflammatory properties, including sage, ginger, and garlic. Antimicrobial: Antimicrobial herbs inhibit the growth of pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Cholerectic: Cholerectics stimulate production of bile, thereby supporting digestion. In Ayurveda, turmeric is a warming herb that kindles digestive fire, or agni. Like other bitter–flavored herbs that stimulate bile production, turmeric is used to promote digestion and alleviate symptoms in the GI tract. Turmeric offers such a dynamic array of health benefits that it’s even being studied in regards to its potential effect on serious diseases like cancer, Alzheimer’s, and heart disease. Cardiac specific benefits are its effects on cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood sugar. While studies do not show that it would be a good substitute for cholesterol and diabetes medications, long–term use may help reduce the amount of other medications used in a treatment level. How to Use Turmeric: Topical and External Use: Because of its antibacterial properties, when combined with a little salt and mixed together as a paste, turmeric can be applied to the skin in response to abrasions and swelling. This remedy is also used to help resolve bruises. Gargling with salt water is often thought to help relieve a sore throat. But turmeric, when paired with salt, has the potential to be even more effective! You can find turmeric at this link or at your local grocery store. Gargle With Turmeric and Salt: Ingredients: A pinch or two of turmeric, A pinch or two of salt, Add to warm water and gargle as you would regular salt water. Internal Use: The medicinal properties of turmeric may not be absorbed well due to its rapid metabolism in the liver and intestines unless it is consumed with black pepper. In a validating example of the time–tested concept of herbal catalysts (herbs that enhance the activity of other herbs), it turns out that the piperine in black pepper enhances the bioavailability of the curcumin in turmeric by 2000%. Whether by incorporating it into cooking or taking it as one of several herbs in a tea, turmeric is at the heart of many different remedies and continues to prove its value after thousands of years of use. One such tried and true recipe is “Golden Milk,” a traditional Ayurvedic concoction. Here is our take on this age–old recipe, with the addition of black pepper for enhanced curcumin bioavailability. This yummy, warming drink is delicious in the winter and can be served room temperature or slightly warmed if desired. turmeric for health – golden milk Turmeric Recipes: Traditional instructions recommend making a turmeric paste first, which can be spread on toast or added to other dishes, but you can also simply add turmeric powder into the milk. Turmeric Paste: Ingredients: ¼ cup ground turmeric, ½ cup water Directions: Combine turmeric powder and water in a saucepan. Simmer until mixture forms a thick paste. Let cool, then store in fridge. turmeric for health – golden milk Golden Milk: Serves one Ingredients: 1 cup unsweetened coconut, rice, or almond milk, ¼ – 1/2 teaspoon turmeric paste (or just add powder), 1 teaspoon coconut oil, Few shakes of ground black pepper, Generous dash of vanilla, Raw local honey or maple syrup to taste, Sprinkle of cinnamon Directions: Place 1 cup milk with turmeric paste, oil, black pepper, vanilla, and honey/maple syrup into a blender. Blend on high briefly until combined and foamy. Pour into cup, sprinkle with cinnamon, and serve. Safety: Turmeric eaten in food is considered safe. For some individuals, turmeric should not be used at high doses long term as overuse may cause gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., diarrhea, nausea, ulcers) in some susceptible people Turmeric is considered contraindicated in the case of biliary tract obstruction due to potential bile–stimulating activity, and those with a history of biliary tract obstruction should gain professional advice before using turmeric at therapeutic doses. Because turmeric may have antiplatelet and blood–thinning activity, individuals on blood–thinning medications should exercise caution when considering therapeutic use and speak with their healthcare professional or pharmacist prior to self–administration. For similar reasons, it is also generally advised that individuals undergoing surgery stop consuming therapeutic doses of turmeric at least two weeks prior to their procedure. Eating foods with turmeric during pregnancy is generally considered safe, however turmeric should not be taken in high doses by pregnant women due to its potential emmenagogic effects. Lastly, one small study concluded that consumption of supplemental doses of turmeric can significantly increase urinary oxalate excretion which may subsequently increase risk of kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals.

Antibiotics have played a crucial role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Past few decades are marked with advancement of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, which have endangered antibiotic’s therapeutic efficacy. Scientific world is now struggling with the crisis of MDR pathogens. This supreme matter demands careful attention or otherwise it would jeopardize clinical management of infectious diseases. Implication of alternative approaches can pave a new way in the treatment of these troublesome bacteria. Tea leaves are known to pose antibacterial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms. This review has summarized the antibacterial potential of tea leave’s extracts against resistant bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Acenitobacter spp, Campylobacter spp. Consumption of natural products such as tea may very well replace, minimize or obliterate this complicated situation. Keywords: Anti-bacterial, Tea, Camellia sinensis, Drug resistant bacteria, Antibiotic resistant bacteria, Synergism, Polyphenols.

Onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) are edible herbs but they contain many chemicals which can be used as medicine. These herbs also contain many antibiotic molecules that are capable to inhibit or reduce growth of many types of microbes including bacteria. Due to the development of resistance of bacteria against synthetic antibiotic now there is a need to have natural antibiotic which must be harmless, cheap and easily available. To know the effectiveness of garlic, onion, and cinnamon on disease causing bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, extracts of each sample was made in water and ethanol. Antibacterial potential of plant extracts was observed at two different stages: at the time of inoculation and after growth of pathogen on media. Results showed extracts applied on all the bacteria before growth inhibited maximum bacterial growth as compared to applied after growth. Moreover, cinnamon extract in ethanol effectively control bacterial growth than onion and garlic extracts. Maximum inhibition zone was shown by ethanolic extract of cinnamon before growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (7.333 mm), Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (7.83 mm) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (5.1 mm). After 24 hours, maximum growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and Xanthomonas axonopodis was inhibited by ethanolic extracts of cinnamon (2.82 and 3.35 mm, respectively) while Xanthomonas campestris was inhibited by ethanolic extract of onion (6.55 mm). Extract diluted from 66mg/ml to 0.01mg/ml showed different minimum inhibitory concentration against pathogens. As concentration decreases inhibition of bacteria also decreases. Ethanolic extracts of cinnamon showed maximum MIC against Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (3.5 mm to 1.5 mm) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (5 mm to 2 mm) while for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ethanolic extract of garlic (3 mm to 1 mm) was effective ranging between 66mg/ml to 33 mg/ml. This study highlighted that natural products possess ability to inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth and would also be helpful in medicinal field for further study.

In this paper, low-cost and industrially scalable γ-Zn-Ni/Gr composite coatings were electro-codeposited from an acid-sulphate based electrolyte bath. The microstructure, morphology, composition, m...

The application of silver nanoparticles in various sectors including health related field is remarkably profound. Nowadays, the research of synthesizing metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts is fascinating field as it offers the eco-friendly and cost-effective method for nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using methanolic extract of B.asiatica and C. fistula regarding their ethnomedical importance. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). UV-vis spectroscopy exhibited the characteristic Surface Plasmon Peak of silver nanoparticle~420 nm.FTIR data were measured to get a preliminary idea on the functional groups responsible for the stabilization of AgNPs. XRD data confirmed the natural crystal structure with a face centered cubic of AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed by testing promptly available gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strain and antioxidant activity was calculated by DPPH assay. The overall outcomes of the studies concluded that the application of the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs of B. asiaticaas an antioxidant and antibacterial agent is more potent showing IC50 value 65.1±1.30 μg/mL and the highest zone of inhibition 15 mm in diameter against S. aureus.

Bones are mineralized connecting tissues consisting of 70% of Hydroxyapatite (HAP); it is the major component of the bone. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is most important biomaterial possessing all distinguish features such as antibacterial activity, bioactive and non-inflammatory behavior. Hydroxyapatite is mainly synthesized by two routes i.e. i) using inorganic substances and ii) by exploiting natural sources. The aim of this study is to extract hydroxyapatite using solid waste (animal bones) and to investigate its antibacterial activity. The extraction consisted of alkaline technique and calcination methods. During alkaline process bones became very soft and were easily converted into powder using mortar and pestle without utilizing any milling process and anti-bacterial response was higher when compared to previous studies. The characterization techniques that were utilized are; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to reveal phase composition, functional groups and surface morphology of HAP. Antibacterial activity was checked by zone of inhibition

Contact surfaces represent a liability for the transmission of microbial contamination, leading to high consumption of detergents and biocides for their care and further increasing the already problematic antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms. This issue could be addressed by the use of antimicrobial nanocomposite coatings. In this research, a polymer nanocomposite of inert poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymers with molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanowires (NWs) was designed and characterised for to its surface properties and antimicrobial potential. The nanocomposite has an inhomogeneous structure with a positively charged and hydrophilic surface. The nanofiller reduces the surface roughness, changes the zeta potential from negative to positive, increases the wetting angle and thermal stability of the blend and maintains the polar β-phase in PVDF-HFP. The high specific surface area of the NWs leads to rapid release into water and causes pH decrease, followed by hydrolysis of PVP polymer and formation of carboxyl acid and ammonium salt. The antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposite inactivates both bacteria and fungi, indicating that the novel nanocomposite is a stable nanostructured coating unfavourable for microorganism colonisation. The antimicrobial activity of this nanocomposite is activated by water, which makes it an intriguing candidate for antimicrobial coating of contact surfaces.

The study evaluates the antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities of different extracts of Menthapiperitaleaves against the MCF-7 cell line. The leaves of Menthapiperitawere extracted with aqueous, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. These extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity, cytotoxic activity, and AO/ErBr assay for cells' apoptotic effect against the MCF-7 cell line. Qualitative analysis of the leaves' different extracts revealed glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannin, and saponin. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts was examined against four different bacterial species (Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonasfluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The aqueous extract exhibited a high level of antibacterial activity (18.66mm ±1.1 in Bacillus cereus).Free‑radicalscavenging activity of chloroform extractof M. piperita leaves was found to be more than aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts. Further, aqueous, ethyl acetate,and chloroform extracts exerted a cytotoxic effect with the IC50value of 45±1.5μg/ml, 29±1.2μg/ml, and 24±1.0μg/ml, respectively.From this study, we have observed that chloroform extract showed a concentration-dependent apoptotic effect against MCF-7 cellsdetermined by AO/EtBr assay.The resultsfurther depicted that the selected traditionalMentha piperita could be used as a potential anticancer, antibacterial, and good antioxidant agent against the MCF-7 cell line.

The Aegle marmelos commonly known as BAEL belongs to family Rutaceae plays a role in traditional culture and medication from ancient periods. This plant lacks sufficient evidences regarding the values and components it has. Therefore, we framed out our studies to evaluate the phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity. These studies are evaluated using different solvents like methanol, acetone, chloroform, toluene leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos. We evaluated the potency of different solvents leaf extracts using Agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity was also evaluated using ELISA plate assay. The potency of different solvents extracts to inhibit biofilm of selected microbial strains. In accordance to results, the leaf extracts revealed the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals with highest quantities of carbohydrates, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, aminoacids etc. The antibacterial activity was found significant against microbial strains of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. These strains showed susceptibility nature towards the different solvents extracts with zone of inhibitions (mm). On the other hand, the inhibition of biofilm was also significant at all tested concentrations. The biofilm inhibition of microbial strains was found significant at 1 XMIC, 2 XMIC, 3 XMIC. Based on our studies here we conclude that the different solvents leaf extracts possessed inhibitory activity against selected human pathogenic organisms.

Infectious diseases are becoming popular with every passing day and viral infections among them are the cause for a large number of fatalities since last two decades. All the factors including the lifestyle pave the way to reduced immunity making the human population susceptible to infections. Management of diseases is not only important; prevention of further diseases should also be of prime concern. Infectious diseases that spread through a variety of mediums like air, water etc. requires preventive measures that controls the spread of the microorganisms and keep the preventive aspect intact. Ayurveda treatment has succeeded in achieving both treatment aspect as well as preventative aspect of diseases. Dhoopana Karma is an important modality & primitive method of sterilization which can be used in preventive and curative aspect. The yoga “Bhootastagandha” is taken from the Ayurvedic compilation Sarvaroga Chikitsa Ratnam”. Learning about the practical application of the formulation, the formulation is mentioned among a group of formulations used as fumigating agents. The formulation consists of a group of 8 drugs and all the drugs on pharmacological screening is found to possess Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal properties among other pharmacological actions. The details about the pharmacological activity of the drugs are collected from various research articles published. This review article mainly focuses on the phytochemical properties of the ingredient drugs as per Ayurveda classics and the utility of the formulation as an effective fumigant keeping in mind the Antimicrobial, Anti-viral, Anti –Fungal and Anti- Bacterial action of the plants.

Objective: In medicinal chemistry, biochemical research and the drug distribution mechanism are crucial. Many common illnesses are caused by bacteria and viruses.The findings of this analysis may be very beneficial to the pharmacy and drug development processes.Material and Method: Experimental UV-Vis spectroscopy was recorded and compared with the computed results. Reactive sites are analyzed using molecular electrostatic potential and dual descriptor’s analysis. Toxicity and druglikeness parameters are explored. Docking study was performed using Autodock tool software.Result and Discussion: Calculated C11-O19 bond length value is found as 1.226. Calculated band gap energy from molecular orbitals is 4.39 eV. Experimentally recorded and computationally predicted UV-VIS spectrum values are comparable with the biomaterial. Binding energy is computed as -6.18 and -5.36 from PL interaction studies. Hydrogen bonds are found between the title ligand and bacterial, viral protein receptors., Amaç: Medisinal kimyada biyokimyasal araştırma ve ilaç dağılım mekanizması çok önemlidir. Bakteri ve virüsler pek çok hastalığa neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları eczacılık ve ilaç geliştirme süreçleri için çok faydalı olabilir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kaydedilen deneysel UV-Vis spektrumu hesaplanan sonuçlarla karşılaştırıldı. Reaktif bölgeler, moleküler elektrostatik potansiyeli ve ikili tanımlayıcılar analizi kullanılarak analiz edildi. Toksisite ve ilaç benzerliği parametreleri araştırıldı. Docking çalışması, Autodock programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi.Sonuç ve Tartışma: Hesaplanan C11-O19 bağ uzunluğu değeri 1.226 olarak bulundu. Moleküler orbitallerin hesaplanan bant aralığı enerjisi 4.39eV'dir. Deneysel olarak kaydedilen ve hesaplanan tahmini UV-VIS spektrum değerleri, biyomateryal ile karşılaştırılabilir düzeydedir. Bağlanma enerjileri, PL etkileşim çalışmaları ile -6.18 ve -5.36 olarak hesaplandı. Başlık ligandı ile bakteriyel ve viral protein reseptörleri arasında hidrojen bağları bulundu.

A New Schiff base (o-hydroxy benzylidene trimethoprim) derived from trimethoprim (known as a drug) was used as a ligand in this study, has been synthesized by condensation reaction from equal amounts of ortho hydroxybenzaldehyde and trimethoprim. This was then used for the preparation of new complexes by the reaction with Zinc and Manganese salts. The synthesized complexes were in the formula [M(OHTMP)2]X2 in the natural medium and [M(OHTMP)2-H] in basic medium (M=Zn, Mn, OHTMP = o-hydroxy benzylidene trimethoprim X= CH3COO, NO3, Cl2). The prepared complexes were diagnosed and characterized by employing FT-IR, 1H- NMR, CHN element analysis, molar conductivity, Molar refraction and flame atomic absorption techniques. Spectroscopic results proved the chelation behavior of this ligand. It coordinated to the metal ions as a tridentate ligand, via the imine nitrogen, azo methine, and phenolic oxygen atoms. According to the obtained results, octahedral geometry has been suggested for prepared complexes. The biological activities of the prepared ligand and complexes against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella spp.) have being conducted. Both, the ligand and complexes showed anti-bacterial activities, beter than that of the Trimethoprim.

Plant extract mediated metal or metal oxide nanoparticles is a promising alternate to the chemical and physical methods. Application of nanoparticles in various fields get increased widely due to their properties. Current study involves the eco-friendly method of synthesis and pharmacological applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using the aqueous beetroot (Beta vulgaris) extract. Aqueous Beta vulgaris extract has multiple bio-active phytochemicals especially antioxidants like anthocyanins and betacyanins, also reported a rich source of minerals. Synthesized ZnONPs were characterized with the aid of UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, XRDand EDX. Antibacterial results suggests that, Beta vulgaris mediated ZnONPspossessthe maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli then Staphylococcus aureus. On anti-fungal activity synthesized ZnONPS revealed greater inhibitory effect against Candida albicans fungi than the Aspergillusflavus. Synthesized ZnONPs exhibits the noticeable pharmacological activities against the anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities (MCF-7 cell line, IC50=35.4µg/ml). This study has suggested an effective replacement for the hazardous chemical methods and lead to a cost-effective, environmentally -friendly method which can also be used as an antimicrobial, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer agents.

Wearable gas sensors can improve early warning provision for workers in special worksites and can also be used as flexible electronic platforms. Here, the flexible multifunctional gas sensor was prepared by grafting graphene oxide (GO)-Ag onto cotton fabric after swelling. The maximum bacterial inhibition rate of GO-150/cotton fabric was 95.6% for E. coli and 87.6% for S. aureus, while retaining the original high moisture permeability of cotton fabric. So GO/cotton fabric can resist the multiplication of bacteria. At the same time, GO can greatly improve the UV protection performance of cotton fabric used in garments. With increase of the GO concentration, the UV protection ability of composite fabric is enhanced. Finally, GO-Ag/cotton fabric sensors had stable NH3 gas-sensitive properties and good washing stability. In conclusion, these cotton fabric sensors with antibacterial properties, UV resistance and highly sensitive gas-sensitive properties have potential applications in wearable early warning devices and textile products.

This review covers up synthesis, characterization and Pharmacological activities of various derivatives of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one, including recent mechanistic advances, new building blocks and new pharmacological disclosures. Tetrahydropyrimidines (THPs) are one of the most important systems among the heterocycles. These compounds reported to have less toxicity to human and animals. Various synthesis strategies have been reported for different derivatives of Tetrahydropyrimidines, mainly these involves Biginelli reaction (condensation) consisting of one pot synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives using urea, β-keto ester and aldehyde. These derivatives also forms important part as intermediate in the manufacture of various Pharmaceuticals. Techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectrometry along with single crystal X-ray diffraction has been reported for structural characterization of these derivatives. U.S. National Library of Medicines, NIH and European PMC have reported many these derivatives. Some of derivatives have reported to have promising anti-bacterial, cytotoxic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activities. Recently Ultrasound and Microwave promoted synthesis has shown promising results in synthesis of these derivatives. Many exciting prospects await for its exploitation in this fields.

Ayurveda is a traditional medicinal system which has been used consistently. Asoka is one of India's most holy and legendary trees. Ashoka, also known as Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Wilde, is an indigenous plant that belongs to the Caesalpiniaceae subfamily of the Legume. It is an evergreen tree of medium size. The objective of this review is to provide detailed description of botany, phytochemicals, medicinal value and pharmacological activity. Saraca asoca was reported to be comprising phytoconstituents, such as Flavonoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Saponins, Carbohydrates, Proteins as well as many Pharmacologic activities such as anti-diabetic, CNS depressant, anti-helminthic, cardio protective, anti-bacterial, anti-menorrhagic, anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-oxidant activities, anti-cancer activities.

At present, synthetic drugs form a major line of treatment in the management of many diseases and currently available as transdermal patches. Traditional medicine system is centuries old practice and again gaining importance. Hence, herbal products can be used to treat many diseases as transdermal patches. Neem leaves has antibacterial properties and can be used for controlling air borne bacterial contamination. Azadirachta Indica. A. Juss (neem) very useful traditional plant. The present study was carried out to extract, formulate and evaluate a transdermal patches containing Azadirachta indica A. Juss The total four Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as weight variation, thickness, drug content uniformity, folding endurance, In-vitro diffusion, ex-vivo permeation studies and anti-Bacterial screening test. The infrared spectroscopy showed that there was no incompatibility between drug and polymer. The In-vitro diffusion studies of Transdermal patches of Neem showed percentage of drug release from 65.2% to 92.06% at the end of 21hrs. The ex-vivo permeation study was carried out for optimized formulation (M2) using goat abdomen skin as barrier and showed percentage drug release 89.6% at the end of 21hrs. Release kinetics data showed that all the formulations followed zero order kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The anti-bacterial screening study showed good anti-bacterial activity against Bascillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and zone of Inhibition (ZOI) was compared against standard antibiotic drugs i.e. Penicillin and Streptomycin.

Benzimidazole and quinoline showed a large spectrum of activities in various pharmacological fields like anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, and antimalarial, including antiviral and anticancer also. Th...

An increasing demand for natural food preservatives is raised by consumers. For Nordic berry species, abundance of phenolic compounds and potent activities of anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria enables a great potential as food preservatives. This review provides a systematic examination of current literature on phenolic profiles, anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial activities of various extracts of Nordic berry species, as well as the impact of various structure features of phenolics on the bioactivities. Special attention is placed on exploitation of leaves of berry species and pomaces after juice-pressing as side-streams of berry production and processing. The current progress and challenges in application of Nordic berry species as food preservatives are discussed. To fully explore the potential application of Nordic berry species in food industry and especially to valorize the side-streams of berry cultivation (leaves) and juice-pressing industry (pomaces), it is crucial to obtain extracts and fractions with targeted phenolic composition, which have high food preserving efficacy and minimal impact on sensory qualities of food products.

Ficus deltoidea or its well-known local name Mas Cotek belongs to the family of Moracaeae. This native plant is commonly found in Malaysia, other tropical and subtropical countries. Oral periodontal disease is an alarming disease and the utilization of herbal plants in treating oral pathogens has raised attention and concern. Therefore the main objective of this study was to review the effectiveness of effervescent mouthwash formulation of the FDL on treating oral pathogens. Plaque accumulation and oral microorganisms are the main predisposing factors to oral periodontal diseases. Herbal mouthwash has been of particular interest these days to treat oral pathogens. Different effervescent agents such as citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate were used in formulating effervescent mouthwash by different methods with varying concentrations. FDL leaves have claimed to possess different properties such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties which are helpful in treating many diseases. Post compression parameters such as effervescent time, moisture content, and in vitro antibacterial test were reviewed in this study. FDL has shown a strong correlation to the presence of high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, and triterpenoids. In conclusion, the type of preparation choosen is by using wet granulation method and the suitable ratio is 2:1.

Concept of disinfection or fumigation is very important as every host has not optimum level of immunity to defence himself against pathogens causing diseases and so it is commonly practised in many developed nations to prevent transmission of viral diseases which are airborne in nature such as COVID -19. However various review of modern fumigating physical & chemical agents e.g. Formalin which are expensive, having crumblesome technique & toxic nature are generally used for this purpose.Therefore, current situation of COVID pandemic demands for the replacement in Ayurveda e.g. Dhoopana Karma for such techniques.As it is cost effective, safe, convenient, effective, and lucrative method of sterilizaion. Main aim of this paper is to compile all scattered information regarding Dhoopana Karma from different Ayurvedic sculptures. All information of these karma which is in dispursed form is complied & described under different heads such as history pf Dhoopana Karma, synonyms, classification, indications (general & specific), various drugs useful for Dhoopana, their period for collection, different formulations for Dhoopana, instruments for Dhoopana, different modes of administration / procedure, method of storing and preservation of Dhoopana Dravya & duration of procedure in descriptive manner & tabular form. Extensive review related with Dhoopana Karma shows that that Dhoopan Karma which is a most common method of sterilization described in an ayurveda & it is categorised under topical (Bahiparimarjana) treatment.Broad spectrum utility of these different formulations of Dhoopana suggests demands for researches in future to study their various pharmacological properties & actions such as bacteriostatic or bactericidal, wormicidal, anti-inflammatory ,antiseptic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal anti –pyretic. Suchpe of vivid research may become helpful to prevent the need for medical intervention in entities such as COVID-19. On the basis of this review, it can be concluded that Dhoopana Karma can be used as a type of fumigation for massive & local sterilization in current dreadful outbreak of COVID-19.

A series of 1-((1aryl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones have been synthesized in moderate to high yields and evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Among all the derivatives tested, the compound 1-((1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one exhibited most potent anti-bacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. epidermidis with and also demonstrated comparable inhibitory activity against S. aureus to that of the standard streptomycin. Also, compound 1-((1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one effectively inhibited the gram-positive S. epidermidis equal to that of the standard streptomycin and moderate activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus. Furthermore the compound1-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one has shown superior activity against E. coli and moderate activity against B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus when compared with positive control. Moreover, all these compounds were screened for their anti-cancer activity against human cancer cell lines via MCF-7 (breast), A-549 (lungs) and HeLa (cervical). In vitro anti-cancer activity reveals that a few compounds exhibited potent inhibitory in a variety of cancer cell lines. Among the compounds 1-((1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one shown more potent anti-cancer activity against all tested cancer cell lines compared to standard drug, the remaining compounds1-((1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin2(1H)-one and 1-((1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)quinoxalin-2(1H)-one exhibited promising anti-cancer activity compared to the other tested compounds.

Background: Natural sesquiterpene lactones are an important class of heterocyclic compounds in drug discovery since they possess a wide range of biological properties, including antibacterial activity. Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize isoalantolactone derivatives with a furo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-оne moiety, and to evaluate their antibacterial and antiviral activity. Methods: The Sonogashira cross-coupling and subsequent Ag-catalyzed cyclization reactions were used forthe synthesis. The antibacterial activity and the ability to inhibit biofilms formation on E. coli, S. aureus, A. viscosus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis bacterial strains were evaluated in this study. A study of the molecular interactions of new compounds with the multiple virulence factor regulators was performed using docking simulations. The anti-viral activity against influenza A virus and human orthopneumovirus H-2А was also studied. Results: The in vitro anti-bacterial activity for compound 4 (MIC = 58.33 ± 4.41 μg/mL) concerning E. coli and compound 5 (MIC = 96.5 ± 3.25 μg/mL) against A. viscosus and the inhibition of biofilm formation for compounds 2, 4, and 5 on E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis bacterial strains, have been of interest for the search of improved anti-microbial agents. Compound 3 possessed antiviral activity against human orthopneumovirus H-2А with SI >33. The activity of the new type of hybrid compounds is dependent on the substituent in the 6th position of the furo[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-one fragment. Conclusion: The decoration of isoalantolactone with a furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one fragment led to perspective antiviral and antimicrobial agents. Due to antimicrobial activity, pyridine-4-yl substituted isoalantolactone-furopyrimidinone hybrid is considered as a candidate compound to participate in further research.

The synthesis of biologically active molecules carried out by using Aminothiazole nuclei and their various derivatives as precursors. In present work, Schiff's bases (27-36) were prepared by reacting amino group of thiazole moiety (26) with various aromatic aldehydes. The titled, novel 2-substituted aminothiazoles (37-46) were obtained by reaction of these Schiff's bases with benzil by providing excess amount of ammonium acetate (NH4OAc). Structure elucidation of all the newly synthesized compounds was carried out by employing elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectrometry. The newly synthesized novel 2-substituted-aminothiazoles were screened for their anti-bacterial activity against two gram +ve bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and against a gram –ve bacterial strain viz. Escherichia coli and for anti-fungal activity against two fungal strains viz. Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using cup plate method by using Norfloxacin and Fluconazole as standard drugs respectively. Cyto-toxic activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by determining the percentage growth inhibition of Daltonꞌs Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells and Erlichꞌs Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells by Tryphan Blue Dye Exclusion technique. Results of biological activity studies indicated that the newly synthesized 2-substituted aminothiazoles displayed good anti-bacterial activity against gram –ve bacterial strain Escherichia coli and anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans. Further, these compounds were found to show significant percent growth inhibition against DLA and EAC, cell-lines.

A facile protocol was developed for the green synthesis of a Schiff base and its vanadium(V) complex. The compounds were derived from salicylaldehyde, diethylenetriamine and vanadyl sulfate by applying grinding method to overcome environmental issues with solvents. The reactions took place rapidly and products were isolated pure. The compounds were characterized with elemental, EDX, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, UV-vis, FTIR and NMR analysis. The synthesized vanadium(V) complex was an efficient and selective catalyst towards oxidation of organic sulfides and alcohols. The oxidation reactions were conducted under microwave irradiation as well as conventional heating. A reaction mechanism has been proposed for the catalytic oxidation reactions. The mechanism was further established by using GAUSSIAN16 suite. The complex also showed good anti-bacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.