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Abstract Background Older people with hypertension may have more complex multisystem problems and a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine the association of cognitive impairment (CI) and diabetes mellitus (DM) on all-cause mortality in the aged with hypertension (HTN). Methods This is a prospective cohort study with a sample of 1017 older people with hypertension aged 60 years or older who completed baseline examinations in 2009–2010 and followed up for ten years in 2020. The endpoint was death from any cause. Subjects were categorized as HTN only, HTN + DM, HTN + CI, and HTN + DM + CI. Cox regression model was used to determine the association of comorbidities on all-cause mortality. Results During the 10-year follow-up period, 196 deaths occurred. After adjusted for covariates, risk of death from any cause was significantly increased in the older people with increased comorbidities (P = 0.003). Compared with the HTN only, with HTN + CI, and HTN + DM + CI, the HRs (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality were 1.61(1.13–2.30) and 1.79(1.07–2.99), respectively. In stratified analyses, the relationship between comorbidities level and the risk of all-cause mortality persisted. Conclusion All-cause mortality risks increased with increasing the comorbidities. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive management of the older people with HTN in clinical practice and public health policy.

Abstract Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the most common target organ damage in patients with hypertension, is closely related to excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation in the body. The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTHW) phenotype can act as a surrogate marker of excessive VAT. However, the relationship between the HTHW phenotype and LVH in patients with hypertension remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether the HTHW phenotype is associated with LVH, using echocardiography in a cross‐sectional study involving 4470 middle‐aged and older Chinese patients with hypertension. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with the HTHW phenotype were 1.52‐fold more likely to experience LVH than those with normal triglyceride levels and normal waist circumference. This association was independent of age, sex, and other potentially confounding factors. In the stratified analysis, a stronger correlation was found among women, people of at least 70 years of age, and people with hyperuricemia. These results suggest that distinguishing the HTHW phenotype in patients with hypertension could serve as a simple and effective screening strategy for identifying people with a higher risk of developing LVH.

Abstract Background Abdominal obesity (AO) has been regarded as the most dangerous type of obesity. The Conicity-index (C-index) had a high ability to discriminate underlying AO. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of C-index to predict all-cause mortality among non-cancer Chinese older people. Methods The participants were residents of the Wanshou Road community in Beijing, China. Receiver operating curve (ROC) curves were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the best cut-off values for different anthropometric measures for predicting all-cause mortality. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curves were calculated to compare the relative ability of various anthropometric measures to correctly identify older people in the community where all-cause mortality occurs. Included subjects were grouped according to C-index tertiles. The association between C-index and all-cause mortality was verified using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and different Cox regression models. Results During a mean follow-up period of 9.87 years, 1821 subjects completed follow-up. The average age was 71.21 years, of which 59.4% were female. The ROC curve results showed that the AUC of the C-index in predicting all-cause mortality was 0.633. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a clear dose–response relationship between C-index and all-cause mortality. With the increase of C-index, the survival rate of the study population showed a significant downward trend (P

Abstract The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was regarded as a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). It is confirmed that IR was significantly associated with hyperuricemia, and obesity was the risk factor for IR and hyperuricemia. However, the relationship between the TyG index and hyperuricemia and the potential role of obesity in Han Chinese hypertension are not entirely elucidated. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in 4551 hypertension patients aged 40–75 years with clinical and biochemical data. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dl) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Hyperuricemia was determined as serum uric acid ≥357μmol/L (6 mg/dl) for females and ≥417μmol/L (7 mg/dl) for males. Our study suggested that the TyG index was higher in patients with hyperuricemia than in those without (8.99±0.61, 8.70±0.59, p

Abstract Background In patients with diabetes and hypertension, proteinuria is independently associated with all-cause death. However, in the general population, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) is less used to predict all-cause mortality. When the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio is within the normal range (UACR 30 mg/g). We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression model to verify the relationship between UACR and all-cause mortality. Results At an average follow-up of 9.87 years (718,407.3 years), the total mortality rate were 183.4/1000. In the Cox proportional hazards model, after adjusting for possible confounders, those with normal high-value UACR (group 2) showed a higher all-cause mortality than those with normal low-value UACR (group 1) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.289, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002 ~ 1.659 for all-cause mortality]. Those with proteinuria (group 3) showed a higher all-cause mortality than those with normal low-value UACR (group 1) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.394, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.020 ~ 1.905 for all-cause mortality]. Conclusion Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio is an important risk factor for all-cause death in community population. Even if it is within the normal range (UACR

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the relationship of a new anthropometric index with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients among the Han Chinese. Methods The study is a community-based cross-sectional study that included 4639 patients with hypertension and integrated clinical and echocardiographic data. Left ventricular (LV) mass was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LVH was diagnosed by using the criteria of left ventricular mass indexed (LVMI) over 49.2 g/m2.7 for men and 46.7 g/m2.7 for women. Quartiles of a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were used regarding LVH prevalence. The logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the new anthropometric index and LVH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the obesity indices for LVH risk. Results The prevalence of LVH increased across quartiles for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. Comparing the lowest with the highest quartile, adjusted OR (95% CI) for LVH were significantly different for BRI 3.86 (3.12–4.77), BMI 3.54 (2.90–4.31), and WC 2.29 (1.88–2.78). No association was observed for ABSI. According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of BRI was (AUC: 0.653, 95% CI 0.637–0.669), BMI (AUC: 0.628, 95% CI 0.612–0.644), WC (AUC: 0.576, 95% CI 0.559–0.593), ABSI (AUC: 0.499, 95% CI 0.482–0.516). Conclusions This study shows that LVH prevalence increased per quartile across the Han Chinese population with hypertension for ABSI, BRI, BMI, and WC. There is a significant association between BRI and LVH in hypertensive people, while ABSI was not. BRI showed potential for use as an alternative obesity measure in the assessment of LVH.

Abstract Background The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used instrument to test cognitive functioning. The present study prospectively investigated the association between MMSE scores, MMSE domains, and all-cause mortality. Methods A total of 2134 participants aged 60 years or over, selected from one urban community-dwelling population in China, were enrolled in the study. The cognitive test was performed by use of the MMSE at baseline, and covariates were recorded simultaneously. Cox regression models were used for examining the cognitive function, expressed by different MMSE transformations, and all-cause mortality. After followed up for a median of 10.8 years (ranging from 1.0 to 11.3 years), loss to follow-up was 13.1% and 1854 individuals were finally included in the analyses. Results The subjects had the mean (SD) age of 71.01 (7.00) years, and 754 (40.67%) of them were women. Per point increase on MMSE scores was associated a 4% decreased risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.96; 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.93–0.98]; compared to MMSE scores of ≥24, MMSE scores of

Abstract Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most common target organs damage in the hypertension patients. Abnormal low (≤0.9) or high (≥1.40) ankle brachial index (ABI) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the relationships between a high ABI in the normal range (0.9–1.4) and LVH in Han Chinese hypertension are not entirely elucidated. This study included 3953 hypertension patients aged 40–75 years among Han Chinese. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure≥90 mm Hg, or history of antihypertensive drug use. Left ventricular mass (LVM) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LVH was diagnosed by using the criteria of LVM ≥49.2 g/m2.7 for men and 46.7 g/m2.7 for women. Our study suggested that the ABI was higher in patients with LVH than in those without (1.13±0.11, 1.11±0.11, p

BackgroundAnkle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are both important indicators of arterial stiffness and vascular injury. At present, most studies on the relationship between ABI and baPWV and all-cause mortality in community-based elderly are analyzing ABI or baPWV alone, and will focus on a single special population such as diabetes and stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ABI and baPWV in a Chinese community-based elderly population, and to analyze their impact on all-cause mortality in a community-based population through a follow-up of nearly 10 years.MethodsParticipants were residents of the Wanshou Road community in Beijing, China. A total of 2,162 people in the community were included, with an average age of 71.48 years. During a mean follow-up period of 9.87 years, 1,826 subjects completed follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and different Cox regression models were used to verify the association of ABI and baPWV with all-cause mortality. The selected subjects were divided into two groups according to ABI and baPWV, and ABI was divided into two groups with 0.90 as the cut-off point (group 1: 0.9 < ABI ≤ 1.3; group 2: ABI ≤ 0.9); according to the level of baPWV, they were divided into three groups (Tertile 1: baPWV

BackgroundTo explore the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of all-cause mortality in one urban community-dwelling population in China.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study with a sample of 1,863 older adults aged 60 years or over in Beijing who completed baseline examinations in 2009–2010 and a 10-year follow-up in 2020. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the significance of the association of WWI with all-cause mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of each obesity index to predict mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.8 years (1.0 to 11.3 years), 339 deaths occurred. After adjusted for covariates, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality progressively increased across the tertile of WWI. Compared with the lowest WWI category (tertile1

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and conserved internal eukaryotic mRNA modification. m6A modification is a dynamic and reversible post-transcriptional regulatory modification, initiated by methylase and removed by RNA demethylase. m6A-binding proteins recognise the m6A modification to regulate gene expression. Recent studies have shown that altered m6A levels and abnormal regulator expression are crucial in the ageing process and the occurrence of age-related diseases. In this review, we summarise some key findings in the field of m6A modification in the ageing process and age-related diseases, including cell senescence, autophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, tumours, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We focused on the biological function and potential molecular mechanisms of m6A RNA methylation in ageing and age-related disease progression. We believe that m6A modification may provide a new target for anti-ageing therapies.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been classified separately as an independent risk factor for hypertension. However, comparisons between different body size indices and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive populations have not been reported yet. In this study, we enrolled 4,639 hypertensive patients from rural China. Anthropometric indices and cardiovascular disease risk factor variables were measured and analyzed using Spearman’s correlation, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Patients in the highest quartile of body size indices were more likely to have left ventricular hypertrophy than those in the lowest quartile; these indices were BMI (adjusted OR: 3.55, 95% CI: 2.90; 4.35), WC (adjusted OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.84; 2.70), WHR (adjusted OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.18; 1.75), and WHtR (adjusted OR: 3.23, 95% CI: 2.62; 3.99). The areas under the ROC curves of BMI (AUC: 0.628, 95% CI: 0.612; 0.644), WHtR (AUC: 0.628, 95% CI: 0.560; 0.593), WHR (AUC: 0.530, 95% CI: 0.513; 0.547), and WC (AUC: 0.576, 95% CI: 0.513; 0.547) were all above 0.5, which indicated that the four anthropometric indicators may be associated with LVH. The four anthropometric indicators of obesity were identified as risk factors for LVH. Weight control might help reduce the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Background: The population of older adults is growing rapidly with the increasing pace of aging worldwide. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been a convenient and reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to determine the association between the TyG index and arterial stiffness assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese older adults.Methods: A total of 2,035 participants aged 60 years or above were enrolled. Demographic, anthropometric, and cardiovascular risk factors were collected. TyG index was calculated using ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). Arterial stiffness was measured using baPWV.Results: The participants, with the mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of 71.32 (6.75) years, the female proportion of 39.65%, the mean (SD) baPWV of 1,998 (437) cm/s, and the mean (SD) TyG index of 8.86 (0.54), were divided into four groups according to TyG index quartiles. Age-adjusted baPWV presented an increasing trend according to TyG index quartiles. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, the baPWV increased 49 cm/s, with the 95% confidence interval (CI) from 24 to 75 cm/s, per-SD increase in the TyG index. In the fully-adjusted logistic regression model, the odds ratio (95% CI) of high baPWV (>75th percentile) was 1.32 (1.09, 1.60) for each SD increase in the TyG index. The generalized additive model analysis also confirmed the significant association of the TyG index with baPWV and high baPWV.Conclusion: The TyG index is significantly associated with arterial stiffness assessed by baPWV in Chinese older adults.