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Objective: To explore the relationship study between serum myelin basic protein (MBP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to albumin (ALB) ratio (LAR), ALB to globulin (GLB) ratio (AGR) and postoperative brain injury and prognosis in patients with glioma. Methods: 90 cases of patients with glioma who received surgical treatment admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2017 to June 2019 were retrospectively selected, and they were divided into mild brain injury group with 51 cases, moderate brain injury group with 24 cases and severe brain injury group with 15 cases according to the score of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) after surgery. After 3 years of follow-up, they were divided into death group and survival group according to the prognosis. Clinical data were collected, and serum MBP, LAR and AGR before surgery were detected. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between GCS score and serum MBP, LAR and AGR in patients with glioma, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of death in patients with glioma. Results: Serum MBP and LAR in the mild, moderate and severe brain injury groups were increased successively, while AGR was decreased successively (P< 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that postoperative GCS score in patients with glioma was negatively correlated with serum MBP and LAR, and positively correlated with AGR (all P<0.05). After 3 years of follow-up, the mortality rate of 90 cases of patients with glioma was 35.56% (32/90). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that World Health Organization (WHO) grade III, incomplete resection range, decreased postoperative GCS score and elevated MBP and LAR were the independent risk factors for death in patients with glioma, and elevated AGR was the independent protective factor (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum MBP, LAR and AGR in patients with glioma are closely related to postoperative brain injury and poor prognosis, which may be used as indicators to evaluate postoperative brain injury and prognosis in patients with glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocardiogram(ECG) monitoring is a routine monitoring method in clinical practice. By observing ECG activities and ECG waveform changes, myocardial damage, myocardial ischemia and electrolyte disorder could be detected. It is clinically significant to detect QRS complex in ECG. This paper proposes an algorithm for QRS complex detection using an adaptive threshold method based on window maximum or minimum value method, which includes detection of R-wave morphology in ECG, and verification of R-wave location accuracy rate (97. 63% ) by MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. On the basis of R-wave detection, the maximum or minimum value method and slope limit method are used to search for Q- and S-wave. After QRS complex positioning is completed, P- and T- wave are detected, and located according to their morphological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indicator diagram of the pumping unit visually shows the working conditions of the pumping unit. However, the actual working conditions show typical long-tailed distribution characteristics, and the categories are seriously unbalanced. Traditional methods cannot accurately identify small categories of working conditions, and cannot obtain accurate identification of underground working conditions. Aiming at this problem, a cost-sensitive active learning algorithm based on distribution-driven multi-class long-tail data (CALA) is proposed. First, considering the characteristics of data distribution, the optimal number of clusters for the data is determined by minimizing the cost as the optimization objective. Second, the optimal number of clusters obtained before is updated by adding the pre-classification error cost. Then, a classifier is constructed by integrating the classification models. Finally, balance the data distribution iteratively. Using the real indicator diagram data of an oil field to test, the significant experimental analysis proves that CALA has better performance in the diagnosis of small categories of working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of uneven distribution and low coverage when nodes are randomly deployed in wireless sensor network (WSN), a hybrid particle swarm-butterfly algorithm (HPSBA) is proposed for node deployment optimization. Firstly, logistic mapping and adaptive adjustment strategies are designed to control parameter values, so that the optimization speed, convergence accuracy and global search capability of HPSBA are improved. Then, four benchmark functions are used to analyze the performance of HPSBA. The simulation results show that HPSBA has higher optimization accuracy, faster optimization speed, and better stability. Finally, HPSBA is used in WSN node deployment optimization and compared with other six typical algorithms such as PSO, BOA, IGWO and so on. The results show that HPSBSA has higher coverage rate, which can effectively reduce the redundancy of nodes and prolong the survival time of WSN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) has emerged as a potential biodegradable mulching film in recent years. Taking the tomato cultivation as the research object, three treatments were selected for the biodegradation characteristics, including the ordinary PE mulching film (T1), PBAT/ straw-based biodegradable mulching film (T2), and non-mulching film (T3) in Jiangsu Province of China. The microstructure, morphology, and mechanical strength of the film were characterized during degradation. Meanwhile, the effects of mulching film on the tomato plant height, stem diameter, and yield were clarified to determine the comprehensive benefits of biodegradable mulching film. The results show that there were a series of changes in the physical and chemical properties of the PBAT/straw-based biodegradable mulching film during the 120 d mulching period. The Fourier infrared spectrum showed that the molecular chain of the degradable mulching film was broken under the action of soil microorganisms, light, and water. The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibited that the crystalline area of degradable mulch was destroyed gradually, whereas, the amorphous area increased relatively. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that there were a few Tmax changes, T0 increase, and a decrease in the carbon residue rate, indicating the thermal properties of the degraded mulching film. The water contact angle confirmed that the degradable mulching film was degraded in the field. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated that there was an uneven degradation of mulching film. The tensile strength and elongation decreased gradually at the break of the degradable film, as the film covering time increased. The mechanical property test verified that the PBAT/ straw-based biodegradable mulching film was degraded gradually in the field with a slow degradation rate after 120 days. Moreover, there was a better effect of degradable mulching film on the tomato growth, compared with the conventional PE and non-mulching film group, in terms of the plant height and stem diameter of tomato plants. The yield of tomato fruit in the degradable and the PE mulching group was equivalent to 667 m2 , which was 13.5% and 15.0% higher than that in the non-mulching film group, respectively. The excellent ecological benefits and the higher recovery cost-saving were achieved for the PBAT/straw-based fully biodegradable mulching film, although the product cost was relatively high. In general, the PBAT/ straw-based fully biodegradable mulching film can be widely expected to serve a remarkable effect on tomato cultivation in the greenhouse. The degradation cycle can be further explored to accelerate the spread the promotion of the degradable mulching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spiral is a structure that often appears in nature. The spiral structure has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of intelligent optimization algorithms due to its special trajectory and natural convergence. Based on the spiral dynamic optimization algorithm（SDA）,this paper proposed an improved spiral algorithm（MSPO） based on combined spiral and FDB selection strategy. It overcame the shortcomings of the SDA, greatly reduced the time complexity, simplified the calculation process, and improved the universality and convergence accuracy. Finally, it carried out experiments on 8 representative benchmark functions. Compared with the experimental results in references, MSPO shows better performance in convergence accuracy, speed and robustness. At the same time, it was applied to the optimization of the size of 10-bar and 25-bar continuous truss structures. Simulation experiments show that MSPO can well solve this type of structural optimization problem, compared with other commonly used algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to introduce the mechanism and clinical application of muscular atrophy that is a hotspot in the 65th Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine and the 9th World Conference on Exercise Is Medicine and the World Conference of Basic Science of Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the frontiers and hotspots of research findings on muscular atrophy, in order to provide new ideas for further research of exercise improving muscle function and the mechanism and application in this field, and provide a reference for the study on sports science, sports medicine, and sports rehabilitation in China. METHODS: Related reports and cutting-edge research findings in 65th Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine were collected. Meanwhile, PubMed database between January 1993 and August 2018 was retrieved. The keywords were “skeletal muscle, muscle atrophy, movement and muscle, resistance movement”. Thirty-five articles related to the molecular mechanism and clinical application of muscle atrophy were included for analysis and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The World Congress is a unique opportunity to bring together interdisciplinary investigators for the most comprehensive meeting ever held on this topic. The program will include a keynote lecture, tutorials, and symposia from leading experts. The meeting focused on the intrinsic and extrinsic variables that regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. How exercise brings about skeletal muscle atrophy and its application in clinical problems such as aging, disease, injury, chronic diseases, and how these changes may relate to chronic disease were discussed as well. The research on muscle hypertrophy is mostly concentrated in the field of competitive sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop a safe and efficient antibacterial material, the PHMB antibacterial film was prepared by preparing a polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) antibacterial masterbatch and adding the antibacterial masterbatch to a polyethylene substrate. The effects of the amount of PHMB masterbatch (0~7%) on the antibacterial and physical properties of the film were compared, and the antibacterial film preservation experiment was carried out. The results showed that the antibacterial property of the film increased with the increase of the amount of PHMB masterbatch added. The antibacterial film has good physical properties and preservation effect. In the inhibition of Escherichia coli, when the amount of PHMB masterbatch added amount was 3%, the number of plaques after bacterial suspension was significantly reduced after contact with the film for 24 hours, and the antibacterial rate was 85.2%. When the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition was 4%, only 3 colonies eluted from the film, and the antibacterial rate was 99.1%. Moreover, the antibacterial rate data has a small variance, and the antibacterial film has a relatively stable and strong antibacterial effect. In the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, when the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition was 2%, 3%, the plaque eluted from the antibacterial membrane was significantly reduced compared with the CK membrane, and the antibacterial rate was 60.3%, 72.6%. When the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition was 4%, only 2 colonies were cultured on the plate and the antibacterial rate increased to 99.2%. The antibacterial film had strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial rate of PHMB (4%) antibacterial film against Shanghai green-loaded colonies was 83.4%, and the antibacterial rate of PHMB (6%) antibacterial film against Shanghai Qing loaded colonies was more than 90%. Shanghai Qing does not have any treatment, and various microorganisms in the field accompany it. The microbial species in the flora are diversified, and the antibacterial effect of the PHMB antibacterial membrane is still significant. This shows that PHMB antibacterial film has the characteristics of broad-spectrum antibacterial and strong antibacterial. After 6 months of storage of PHMB (4%) antibacterial film, the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 97.5% and 96.9%, respectively. The antibacterial rate of the film decreased slightly, but it still maintained strong antibacterial properties. It shows that PHMB antibacterial film has antibacterial long-term effect. After the addition of the PHMB masterbatch, the transmittance of the film began to increase gradually, followed by a slight decrease. At 560 nm wavelength, the transmittance of the control film was 86.9%, and the transmittance of the antibacterial film of PHMB (5%) was the highest, reaching 89.1%. In general, the transmittance of the antibacterial film did not change much and was not affected at all. After the addition of PHMB masterbatch, the water vapor transmission rate of the film showed an increasing trend, but the increase was not obvious. As the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition increased from 0 to 3%, the water vapor transmission rate of the antibacterial film increased from 28.86 to 35.25 g/(m2·d), and then tended to be steady. After the addition of the PHMB masterbatch, the moisture permeability of the film does not change much, and the moisture permeability is still maintained, which is beneficial to the storage and preservation of the food. With the increase of the amount of PHMB masterbatch added, the mechanical properties of the antibacterial film increased first and then decreased. The mechanical strength is the highest when the amount of the masterbatch is 4%, and the mechanical properties of the antibacterial film which added PHMB masterbatch is superior to those of the CK film. The PHMB (4%) antibacterial membrane is effective in inhibiting the growth of total colonies, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in dried salmon samples. Samples packaged in PHMB antibacterial film can reduce the irradiation dose and save energy in the subsequent irradiation sterilization process. Therefore, it is determined that the optimal amount of PHMB masterbatch in the antibacterial film is 4%. The film has good processability, mechanical strength, and long-lasting antibacterial properties, while achieving non-toxic, odor-free, environmentally friendly requirements. The subsequent application of PHMB antibacterial film in various food storage and preservation can be further explored. This study provides a reference for the development of antimicrobial materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in diabetes melli⁃ tus and pulmonary tuberculosis comorbidity (DM⁃TB). Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted to review and analyze the clinical data of 1948 patients who was diagnosed with DM⁃TB in the inpatient and outpatient departments of Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. A total of 1012 cases with positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and drug susceptibility results were screened out. After excluding the cases with incomplete data, 438 cases with complete data were included for analyses of age, gender, haemoglobin, albumin, glycatedhaemoglobin (HbA1c), extent of lesions, number of cavities, treatment history, sputum bacterial load and rifampicin resistance. The description method and Pearson Chi square test (χ²) were used to compare analyze the first and second line drug resistance of the strains from the 1012 patients. Among the selected cases, ？86 patients who were resistant against rifampicin were assigned as rifampicin-resistant (RR-TB)group, and then another 86 patients were randomly selected from the rest 352 patients sensitive to rifampicin by random digit table method as rifampicin-sensitive (RS-TB) group. The methods of？t-test, ranksum test or Pearson Chi square test (χ²) were used for the analyses. The clinical characteristics of the included cases were taken as independent variables and rifampicin resistance as dependent variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen out independent risk factors for RR-TB in DM-TB patients. Results Among the 1012 patients with TB-DM, the rate of rifampicin resistance was 13.3%, the rate of initial rifampicin resistance was 6.8%, the rate of retreatment rifampicin resistance was 45.9%, with significant differences (χ² = 127.956, P = 0.000). The rate of multidrug-resistance was 11.77%, the rate of initial multidrug-resistance was 5.5%, the rate of retreatment multidrug-resistance was 42.9%, with significant difference between the two groups (χ² = 191.468, P = 0.000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that retreatment (OR = 9.517, 95%CI：4.333 ~ 20.904, P = 0.000) was an independent risk factor for rifampicin resistance in the DM-TB patients, and senior ages (OR = 0.440, 95%CI： 0.252 ~ 0.771, P = 0.004)was an independent protective factor. Conclusion The prevalence of rifampicin resistance in DM-TB isrelatively high, especially among young patients and retreated patients. For DM⁃TB population, timely drug sensitivity test can help the early diagnosis and treatment of rifampicin⁃resistant tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的观察2型糖尿病合并肺结核患者抗结核治疗同时强化降糖的临床效果。方法纳入2型糖尿病合并肺结核患者106例,分为强化降糖组50例、常规降糖组56例。两组在采用HRZE方案（异烟肼、利福平、比嗪酰胺、乙胺丁醇）控制肺结核的同时,强化降糖组采用强化降糖治疗,常规降糖组采用常规血糖控制方案治疗。两组分别于治疗前和治疗后2个月检测空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、空腹胰岛素、C肽、超敏C反应蛋白（hs CRP）,测算胰岛素分泌指数（HOMA-β）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。治疗后2个月进行疗效评价。结果强化降糖组在治疗2个月后FBG、HbA1C水平较治疗前下降,常规组治疗2个月后HbA1C水平较治疗前下降（P均<0.05）。强化降糖组治疗后2个月FBG、HbA1C水平下降,与常规降糖组相比,P均<0.05。强化降糖组治疗后2个月HOMA-β、HOMA-IR、血清hs CRP水平分别为51.65±33.52、2.24±1.46和（8.63±11.82）mg/L,常规降糖组分别为30.89±48.63、5.49±6.81和（14.54±15.35）mg/L,强化降糖组HOMA-β升高、HOMA-IR下降、血清hs CRP水平降低,与常规降糖组相比,P均<0.05。强化降糖组痰菌阴转比例升高、肺结核病灶吸收及空洞闭合比例升高,与常规降糖组相比,P均<0.05。结论与常规降糖方案相比,2型糖尿病合并肺结核患者抗结核治疗同时强化降糖可更好地控制血糖水平,改善胰岛功能,减轻炎症水平,提高痰菌阴转率,改善病灶及空洞吸收情况。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article first reviews the broad application of magnetic nanocomposite materials in medical fields such as drug loading, tumor diagnosis, magnetic hyperthermia, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and multimodal imaging. Secondly, it summarizes the wide applications in biological fields such as immobilized enzymes, biological separation, etc. and water treatment. In the end, the application and research progress in environmental and other fields are reviewed. Henceforth, magnetic nanocomposite materials will be developed in various industries in the future with the advantages of improved absorption rate, more environmentally friendly, greener, safer and lower production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between hemoglobin to red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) . Methods: The medical records of 162 patients with moderate to severe TBI who were admitted to Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital from September 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively collected, and the patients were divided into death group and survival group based on their survival status within 30d of admission. The HRR and PLR were calculated, the influencing factors of short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe TBI was analysed by multivariate Logistic regression, and the predictive value of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores combined with HRR and PLR for short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe TBI was analysed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The mortality rate of 162 patients with moderate to severe TBI within 30 d of admission was 35.80% (58/162) . Compared with the survival group, the HRR decreased and PLR increased of the death group (P＜0.05) .The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that GCS scores less than 9 scores, dilated pupils, brain hernia, HRR decreased and PLR increased were independent risk factors for short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe TBI (P＜0.05) . The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicted short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe TBI by HRR and PLR combined with GCS scores was the largest, which was 0.924. Conclusion: HRR decrease and PLR increase are associated with short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe TBI, which may become an auxiliary predictor of short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe TBI, combining with HRR and PLR on the basis of GCS scores can enhance the predictive value of short-term mortality of patients with moderate to severe TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the requirements of air defense equipment system construction and equipment development, take the air attack/anti air attack operation in the Russia-Ukraine military conflict in February 2022 as an example to analyze the key factors that affect the countermeasure effect, such as the attacker’s electronic jamming effect, the cruise missile penetration height, and the defender’s air defense and anti-missile weapon performance. Three exploratory experimental schemes are designed by using exploratory analysis combined with simulation. The influence of the above factors on the hit quantity of tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and other munitions of the attacking side is quantitatively analyzed through simulation, and the development suggestions of the defense’s air defense and anti-missile equipment system, such as networked operations, integrated air defense and anti-missile are put forward, providing reference for the development, system construction and application of air defense and missile defense equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of a new testicular Fixing Pad (TFP) after the testicular puncture. Methods Total of 87 patients who need testicular puncture for diagnosis or ICSI were recruited in the study. After testicular puncture, 58 of them were treated with usual Sterile gauze (group A, n=58), and other 29 with TFP(group B, n=29). Age, testis volume, average operation time, pain scores during-operation, healing time, incidence rates of complication and degree of satisfaction were comparatively analyzed between two groups. Results The degree of satisfaction in the group A (52%) was remarkably lower than that in the group B (93%). The healing time in group B 4~9d(6±2.01) was significantly shorter than that in the group A 5~14d (9±3.81）d（P<0.05). The rate of postoperative complications in group A (10.3%) was obviously higher than that in group B (3%). But there were no significant differences between the two groups in the patients' age（28±5.6）vs（29±6.1）year, testicular volume（15±4.9）vs（16±4.3）mL, the average operation time（8±3.7）vs（8±4.1）min, pain scores during-operation（2.74±0.75）vs（2.84±0.76）（P>0.05). Conclusion New testicular Fixing Pad (TFP ) shows some advantages in hemostatic effect, less complications and postoperative healing, which is worth popularizing and applying in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reform and exploration measures of practice teaching are illustrated in this paper with the orientation of talent cultivation, the teaching objectives, construction of the experimental platform, establishment of the training base out of campus, construction of the curriculum system, and other aspects of practice teaching of communication engineering specialty in Beijing City University. According to the needs of the talent market, the school establishes the education orient and target as applied engineering talents, introduces existing communication network equipment and experiment boxes to set up communication engineering laboratory i.e. practice teaching platform in campus. The school builds several training bases out of campus with some communication enterprises for students to participate in internships, establishes practical teaching curriculum system in accordance with the capability demanding modules, and encourages students to take part in a number of academic competitions. Through these reforms, students get full practical training in all directions, promote to study the theory knowledge, enhance the practical ability, and achieve the teaching goal finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the influence of perinatal exposure of bisphenol A (BPA) at a low dose on the spermatogenesis of male offspring rats. Methods: Pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously with BPA 2 μg/(kg·d) from gestation day 10 through lactation day 7, and the same volume of olive oil was used as the blank control. Their male offspring were served as the BPA group and the control group. Histological structure of the testis and the related regulation genes such as cyclin A1、cyclin B、c-jun and c-fos, as well as the FSH and LH, were tested, and the expressions POA-GnRH or ARC-kiss1 mRNAs were also examined in their male offspring during the postnatal day 18, 21, 24. Results: In comparison with the control group, the seminiferous tubular diameter, the number of round spermatids and the ratio of seminiferous tubule with round spermatids were significantly increased in PND24 BPA rats (P＜0.05). The expression levels of cyclin A1, c-jun and c-fos mRNAs in the testes were significantly elevated in PND21 BPA rats (P＜0.01). Similarly, the levels of plasma FSH and LH were increased in the PND21/24 BPA rats compared with the control rats (P＜0.05). But the levels of plasma T and E2 were no significant in the PND18/21/24 BPA rats and the control rats (P＞0.05). In comparison with control group, the expression levels of POA-GnRH mRNA and ARC-kiss1 mRNA were significantly increased in PND21 BPA rats (GnRH: P＜0.05; kiss1: P＜0.01). Conclusions: In addition to the direct effect of BPA on the testes of male offspring, the perinatal exposure to a low dose of BPA promotes spermatogenesis via advancing the pubertal activation of ARC -kisspeptin, and via further enhancing the expressions of meiotic regulation genes in the testes of male offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the influence of perioperative comprehensive structural nutrition intervention for cochlear implant patients on the complications, medical costs and satisfaction of cochlear implant patients, so as to provide reference for exploring the management mode of cochlear implant patients. Methods: Selfassessment questionnaires were used to investigate the subjects from January1 2018 to November 30 2020. The comprehensive structural nutrition intervention mode was used in the intervention group, and the traditional conventional mode was used in the control group. The information such as auditory behavior classification, speech intelligibility classification, complications, medical expenses and satisfaction degree of the patients under the unmanaged mode from January 1 2018 to November 30 2020. Results: The difference between the intervention group and the control group was not statistically significant in the auditory behavior grading and speech intelligibility grading at admission, 3 months and 6 months after operation (P > 0.05). There was statistically significant differences in the complications (χ² = 4.406, P = 0.036), medical expenses (t = -17.131, P < 0.001), satisfaction score (t = 3.489, P = 0.007) between the intervention group and the control group. The multivariate analysis showed that patients with comprehensive nutrition intervention, increased body mass index, and improved satisfaction were less likely to have postoperative complications. Conclusions: Comprehensive intervention of structural nutrition can effectively improve the clinical outcome of cochlear implant patients, reduce medical costs of the patients, and improve the satisfaction on the patients family members. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the comprehensive intervention management model of structural nutrition in cochlear implant patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute pancreatitis(AP) with metabolic syndrome(MS) and the influencing factors for prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 590 patients with AP who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2013 to January 2019,and according the presence or absence of MS,they were divided into MS group with 178 patients and non-MS group with 412 patients and basic clinical features were compared between the two groups.According to the severity of AP,they were divided into mild acute pancreatitis(MAP) group with 317 patients,moderate-severe acute pancreatitis(MSAP) group with 171 patients,and severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) group with 102 patients,and the component indicators of MS were compared between the three groups.The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups;the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups;Bonferroni correction was used for further comparison between two groups.The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups;the trend chi-square test was used for comparison of one-way ordinal categorical data,and the Goodman-Kruskal Gamma analysis was used for two-way ordinal categorical data.An ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between body mass index(BMI) and severity of AP,and a binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between MS and severity of AP.Results The most common causes of MS with AP were hyperlipidemia(48.3%) and biliary disease(24.7%).The patients with SAP were more likely to have MS(χ2=141.519,P<0.001),and the patients with AP and MS tended to have a significantly higher clinical system score,significantly more local and systemic complications,significantly longer hospital stays,a significantly higher ICU admission rate,and a significantly higher mortality rate(all P<0.05).The severity of AP increased with the increase in MS components(overweight,hypertension,diabetes,and dyslipidemia),(G=0.540,P<0.001).There were significant differences between the MAP,MSAP,and SAP groups in BMI(F=9.291,P<0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(χ2=40.351,P<0.001),and the SAP group had significantly higher BMI and significantly lower HDL-C than the MAP group and the MSAP group(all P<0.05).The ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was an independent risk factor for the progression of AP(odds ratio [OR]=1.091,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.041-1.143,P<0.001).Binary logistic regression models were established based on the severity of AP,with MAP group versus non-MAP group as model 1 and SAP group versus non-SAP group as model 2.The results showed that in model 1,the incidence rate of non-MAP was 5.867 times that of MAP in patients with MS(OR=5.867,95% CI:3.072-11.207,P<0.001),and in model 2,the incidence rate of SAP was 7.214 times that of non-SAP(OR=7.214,95% CI:3.018-17.244,P<0.001).Both model 1 and model 2 showed that HDL-C was a protective factor against the progression of AP(model 1:OR=0.593,95% CI:0.387-0.910,P=0.017;model 2:OR=0.314,95% CI:0.160-0.614,P=0.001).Conclusion AP with MS on admission may suggest poor prognosis,and BMI and HDL-C are closely associated with disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the association of hypertriglyceridemic waist(HTGW) phenotype with the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods A total of 356 patients with AP who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2018 to August 2019 were enrolled as subjects and were divided into normal-waist-normal-triglyceride(NWNT)group, normal-waist-elevated-triglyceride(NWET) group, enlarged-waist-normal-triglyceride(EWNT) group, and HTGW group. The four groups were compared in terms of the clinical features including age sex, laboratory markers, disease grade, and complications. A one-way ANOVA was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups and between any two groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of dichotomous variables between multiple groups and between any two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of ordered polytomous variables between multiple groups, and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison between two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the influencing factors for organ failure and pancreatic infection and necrosis. Results The HTGW group had a significantly higher neutrophil count than the NWNT group, a significantly higher C-reactive protein level than the NWNT group and the NWET group, a significantly higher creatinine level than the NWNT group, significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein than the NWNT group and the EWNT group, a significantly lower level of high-density lipoprotein than the NWNT group and the EWNT group, and a significantly higher level of blood glucose than the NWNT group(all P<0.05). The HTGW group had a significantly higher incidence rate of severe AP(SAP) than the other three groups(χ2= 189.519, P<0.001), as well as significantly higher incidence rates of infectious pancreatic necrosis and organ failure than the other three groups(χ2=11.770 and 19.457, P = 0.008 and P<0.001). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex, recurrence history were the risk factors for infectious pancreatic necrosis, and after the adjustment for these risk factors, the risk of infectious pancreatic necrosis in the HTGW group was 3.347 times that in the NWNT group(95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.538-7.283, P = 0.002; body mass index, WTI, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and HTGW were the risk factors for organ failure(P<0.05), and after the adjustment for these risk factors, the risk of organ failure in the HTGW group was 4.143 times that in the NWNT group(95% CI: 1.299-13.219, P = 0.016). Conclusion HTGW is an independent risk factor for the development of SAP and may affect patients’ disease severity and complications. Such patients should be identified and diagnosed as early as possible, and improvement of dyslipidemia should be performed to improve patients’ conditions and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the blood lipid parameters for the early prediction of severe acute pancreatitis( SAP) and their predictive value. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 425 patients with acute pancreatitis( AP) who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2017 to January 2019,among whom there were 229 patients with mild acute pancreatitis( MAP),161 patients with moderate-severe acute pancreatitis( MSAP),and 35 patients with severe acute pancreatitis( SAP). Blood lipid levels were collected for all patients within the first 24 hours after admission. A one-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups. A logistic regression analysis was used for the variables with statistical significance determined by the univariate analysis. The Spearman correlation was used to investigate the correlation between data. The receiver operating characteristic( ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of indices,and Med Calc software was used to investigate whether there was a significant difference in diagnostic efficiency. Results There were significant differences in apolipoprotein A1( ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A1( Apo B/A1) ratio between the patients with different severities of acute pancreatitis( F = 46. 290,χ2= 9. 130,both P < 0. 05). Apo B/A1 ratio was positively correlated with Atlanta grade,Ranson score,MCTSI score,and BISAP score( r = 0. 296,0. 129,0. 303,and 0. 284,all P < 0. 05). ApoA1 was negatively correlated with Atlanta grade,Ranson score,MCTSI score,and BISAP score( r =-0. 407,-0. 176,-0. 338,and-0. 285,all P < 0. 05). Apo B/A1 ratio was an independent risk factor for SAP( odds ratio = 4. 493,95% confidence interval [CI]: 1. 399-14. 427,P = 0. 012),while ApoA1 was an independent protective factor for SAP( odds ratio = 0. 004,95% CI: 0-0. 034,P < 0. 001). Apo B/A1 ratio had an area under the ROC curve ( AUC) of 0. 763( 95% CI: 0. 675-0. 851,P <0. 001) in predicting SAP,and ApoA1 had an AUC of 0. 862( 95% CI: 0. 809-0. 916,P <0. 001) in predicting SAP,suggesting that ApoA1 had a higher diagnostic value( Z = 2. 183,P = 0. 029). Conclusion Both serum ApoB/A1 ratio and ApoA1 have a certain value in predicting SAP,and ApoA1 has a higher predictive value than ApoB/A1 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical and prognostic features of acute alcoholic pancreatitis. Methods A total of 467 patients with incipient acute pancreatitis (AP) who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from July 2013 to July 2018 were enrolled as subjects, and among these patients, 182 with alcoholic AP were enrolled as alcoholic group and 285 with biliary AP were enrolled as biliary group. The two groups were compared in terms of the clinical features such as age, sex, laboratory markers, disease grade, complications, and prognostic indices. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. The chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of ranked data between two groups. Results Compared with the biliary group, the alcoholic group had significantly higher constituent ratio of male patients (74.2% vs 48.1%, χ2 =31.124, P＜0.001) and proportion of patients with fatty liver disease (34.1% vs 24.9%, χ2=4.569, P=0.033). The biliary group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with hypertension than the alcoholic group (23.5% vs 15.4%, χ2=4.524, P=0.033). Compared with the biliary group, the alcoholic group had significantly higher levels of creatinine and triglyceride (Z=-4.828, t=7.916, both P＜0.001), proportion of patients with severe AP (34.6% vs 15.1%, Z=-4.787, P＜0.001), and CTSI score (4.6±1.7 vs 4.2±1.5, t=2.672, P=0.008). Compared with the biliary group, the alcoholic group had significantly higher probabilities of acute peripancreatic fluid accumulation (61.0% vs 49.8%, χ2=5.045, P＜0.05), pancreatic pseudocyst (11.5% vs 4.2%, χ2=8.881, P＜0.05), infectious pancreatic necrosis (37.9% vs 19.6%, χ2=18.899, P＜0.05), and renal failure (19.2% vs 8.4%, χ2=11.758, P＜0.05). Compared with the biliary group, the alcoholic group had significantly longer time to intestinal function recovery, time to relief of abdominal pain, and length of hospital stay (t=-4.078, -3.357, and -2.527, all P＜0.05). There was a significant difference in mortality rate between the alcoholic group and the biliary group (7.1% vs 3.2%, χ2=3.929, P=0.047). Conclusion Compared with the biliary group, the alcoholic group has a higher risk of complications, worse clinical manifestations, and a higher mortality rate. Therefore, alcohol abstinence education should be performed for this population, especially men, in order to reduce adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the etiology and clinical features of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children. MethodsA total of 105 children with AP who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2013 to December 2018 were enrolled, and according to the severity of AP, they were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group with 77 children, moderate-severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) group with 25 children, and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group with 3 children, and a comparative analysis was performed for the MAP group and the MSAP group. According to age, the children were divided into young age group with 36 children aged 2-9 years and old age group with 69 children aged 10-17 years, and according to the presence or absence of recurrence, they were divided into recurrence group with 17 children and non-recurrence group with 88 children; a comparative analysis was also performed. A total of 105 adults with incipient AP were randomly selected from databases and were enrolled as control group, and the groups were compared in terms of general data, etiology, laboratory markers, disease severity, complications, and treatment outcome. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the corrected t-test was used in case of heterogeneity of variance; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed data and ranked data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the trend chi-square test was used for unidirectional ordered categorical variables, and a Goodman-Kruskal Gamma analysis was used for bidirectional ordered categorical variables; the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for the comparison of cumulative risk. ResultsAs for etiology, among the 105 children with AP, 31 (29.5%) had idiopathic AP, 27(25.7%) had biliary AP, 20 (19.0%) had trauma, 11(105%) had hyperlipidemic AP, 10(95%) had viral infection, and 6(5.7%) had drug-induced AP, and there was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of etiology between the pediatric patients and the adult patients (χ2=99.282, P＜0.001). Compared with the adult patients, the pediatric patients had significantly lower severity (Z=-2.325, P＜0.02) and proportion of individuals with pancreatic necrosis (3.8% vs 12.4%, χ2=5184, P＜0.023). Compared with the MSAP group at 24 hours after admission, the MAP group had significantly lower C-reactive protein, blood lipase, white blood cell count, and blood glucose (Z=-6.406, -3.096, and -2.762, t=3.298, all P＜0.05) and a significantly higher blood calcium level (t=3.43, P=0.001). During follow-up, 17 children (16.2%) developed AP again, and the recurrence rate increased with an increase in disease severity (χ2=6.503, P=0.011). Recurrent AP was often observed in girls (82.4%) (χ2=12.241, P＜0.001), and the children with first-onset AP and pancreatic necrosis had a higher recurrence rate (χ2=6.572, P=001). Hyperlipidemia was the most common cause of acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) in children (χ2=5.533, P=0.019), and hyperlipidemic AP had the highest risk of recurrence over time, while viral and drug-induced AP had the lowest risk of recurrence (P=0028). ConclusionIdiopathic and biliary AP are the main causes of AP in children, and compared with adults, children tend to have milder disease conditions and a better prognosis. Female sex and first-onset AP with pancreatic necrosis and hyperlipidemia are high-risk factors for ARP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]