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Takayasu arteritis(TAK)is characterized by early onset, long course, high disability rate, and heavy disease burden, which seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is important to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TAK and implement comprehensive chronic disease management. However, there are no relevant guidelines or expert consensus so far. Therefore, Professor JIANG Lin-di from the Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University has led the development and release of the “Chinese multidisciplinary recommendations on the chronic diseases management throughout the entire course of Takayasu arteritis”, aiming to standardize the diagnosis and treatment process and implement full life cycle management for patients. This article interprets the consensus to facilitate the understanding and application of its essence by clinical physicians in rheumatology and related disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To evaluate the effect of motor imagery training(MIT) on upper extremity motor function in poststroke patients and the functional connectivity(FC) characteristics of the MIT brain network using functional near-infrared spectroscopy（fNIRS).Method：Seventy-eight post-stroke patients were randomly divided into the control group and treatment group, with 39 patients in each group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation training 100 min/day, 6 times/week, for 3 weeks. The treatment group received MIT 30min/day, 6 times/week based on the control group, for 3 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity(FMA-UE) was performed before and 3 weeks after intervention. Ten patients with left-sided hemiparesis and lesions in the basal ganglia region were selected from each of the two groups. 10 min resting- state fNIRS data were collected from each of the two groups and the brain functional connectivity was calculated. The graph theoretical analysis was further applied to investigate the alterations in regions of interest(ROI), including the prefrontal cortex(PFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC), pre-motor and supplementary motor cortex(PMC&SMA), somatosensory association cortex(SSAC) and sensorimotor cortex(SMC). The correlation between the Relative ∆PMC&SMA, Relative ∆SMC blood oxygen and the relative increments of Relative ∆FMA-UE scores were calculated by the Person correlation test. Result：After 3 weeks intervention, the FMA-UE score was improved compared with that before intervention in both groups(P<0.05). The treatment group had a significant difference in FMA-UE score(P<0.05). Resting-state FC analysis showed that FC increased in all channels between the two groups, and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.01). There was significant difference in ROI- ROI after 3 weeks intervention(0.01

The spatial distribution pattern and driving forces of microbial biodiversity are the key concems in microecology. From the perspective which the associated microorganisms might be spread by bird migration, may provide some insights to better understand the mechanism. In this study, 379 samples of bird faeces and cotton swabs from beak, claw, wings, tails were collected from wild bird in Dali, Yunnan. The nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) which carried by different bird species and the potential dispersal pathways were analyzed. The results showed that nine strains in four species, one genus(Atthrobotrys) of NTF were isolated only in claws of birds, and the detection rate was 8. 7%. 01 all different migration status, the detection rate was 3. 6% in the migrating process, the detection rate at wintering or breeding sites was 15. 0%, and the detection rate for resident birds was 12. 5%. Among numerous ecological groups, the detection rate of forest birds that were mainly active in the trees and shrubs was 0, but those were active on the ground was 18. 2 % ; while the detection rate for swimming birds and wading birds was 10. 7% and 11. 1 % respectively. The results suggested that birds can carry NTF by toes and claws, and their habitat selection affect their ability to carry NTF; in addition to that, the widespread species are more capable of carrying and spreading NTF. The effects of birds on the carrying and spreading of rnicroorganisms, as well as the spatial pattern of microbial diversity need to be included in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carl Schmitt is one of the most controversial, and yet charismatic figures, in the history of world political thought, in the 20th century. His literary interpretation is also one access to the study of his thought. By analyzing Schmitt’s elaboration of “the Grand Inquisitor” in Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov, this article actually shows the similarities between Schmitt and the Grand Inquisitor: they have a similar anthropological starting point; they both question Christ’s response to the three temptations from the Devil in the wilderness; and they both categorize themselves as a part of a special “elite group” and thus choose a “faith that deprives people of liberty”. In the end, it led both of them to the denial of eschatology and redemption. The literary figure of “the Grand Inquisitor” mirrors the serious deviation of Schmitt from the doctrines of the Christian faith. This comparative study also opens up a cross-time dialogue between Dostoevsky and Schmitt, thus forming a critical examination of Schmitt’s political theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) consists of autoimmune diseases characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small vessels and presence of ANCA. As a kind of life-threatening disease, AAV tends to involve a plenty of systems, and is subject to relapse even after complete remission. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis of AAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Und sagte kein einziges Wort (And Never Said a Word) is an early novel by the German author Heinrich Boll, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972. This year is the 100th Birthday of this writer who was regarded as “the conscience of the nation”. Many current interpretations focused on themes such as “marriage” and “lower-class people”. This article analyzes its religious meaning and reads it as a Christian novel. Those who “never said a word” in the novel reflect Jesus Christ on the Cross as well as the lower-class people who struggled for a living in silence in post-war Germany. By analyzing the motive of “homecoming” in three different levels and revealing the three kinds of love depicted in the novel, this article investigates the theological problem in this literary work and bring Böll's “hope” to light: The disaster of war can only be overcome through a love in the form of sacrifice; The reconstruction and homecoming of spirit won't be possible without God's love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though application-oriented colleges and universities congenitally have the advantages in cultivating professional postgraduates, there are many difficulties from both inside and outside. In this paper, based on self-assessment, the author proposes some advice about the topic on training objective orientation, teaching reform and innovation, team construction of teachers with both teaching and practical abilities and practical platform construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kitchen garbage is usually discharged from restaurants, public catering rooms and school canteens, and it is reported that 2000 t kitchen garbage would be produced per day in Beijing, China. In other big cities similar phenomena can be observed, and it is reported that half of the municipal waste is composed of kitchen garbage. Kitchen garbage is characterized by high moisture content, easily deteriorating and abundant in nutrition, but it should be treated as a kind of resource rather than simple waste because it is mainly composed of starch, protein, cellulose, fat, and trace element, such as potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe); kitchen garbage can be regarded as a suitable substrate for microbial growth. In this research, kitchen garbage was used as the raw material to produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bio-pesticide which is one of the most commonly used and extensively studied bio-pesticides because of its various field applications, such as in agriculture, forestry, and public health sectors. However, the costly raw materials, high equipment investment, and complicated operation procedures in traditional Bt production process have seriously constrained its use at the industrial production scale. In this work we conducted to determine the potential and superiority of using kitchen garbage for Bt bio-pesticide production through semi-solid fermentation to reduce the production cost, and the effects of several parameters on the stability of the product were also studied. In this work, the semi-solid state sample with 75% water content presented the highest δ-endotoxin efficiency of 833 μg/mL, which increased by 54% compared to that of the solid-state sample (water content of 50%) and 162% compared to that of the submerged sample (water content of 99%), and proved that using kitchen garbage as the raw material for Bt production through semi-solid state fermentation has obvious advantages compared with traditional techniques and some similar studies. Mainly because of its nutritious substrate and effective fermentation mode, this technology can not only solve the problem of civil solid waste pollution but also bring a cost-effective resource for Bt bio-pesticide production. Among the main affecting factors during Bt bio-pesticide manufacturing and application, salinity, pH value and temperature had the minimal impact on the stability of the parasporal crystal; when these 3 factors were controlled at 3%, 11 and 60 ℃, respectively, the entomotoxicity of parasporal crystal could still remain above 70% after the fermentation of less for 48 h, and therefore common fermentation process would not inactivate the goal product sharply. By contrast, ultraviolet irradiation had more significant impact on parasporal crystal’s stability, and the entomotoxicity of parasporal crystal declined by 50% when exposed to the ultraviolet (36 W, 60 μW/cm2, 40 cm) for about 3 h. On account of this, polylactic acid was used as the carrier to produce Bt slow-release formulation to mitigate the effects of ultraviolet. Experiments showed that the activity of Bt slow-release formulation remained over 75% of its initial value after 72 h ultraviolet irradiation, which was 10 times the untreated parasporal crystal. And the release rates of parasporal crystal in formulation were generally metastable in a 30-day period, and the compact structure of polylactic acid was proven to effectively protect δ-endotoxin from ultraviolet damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to investigate potential risk factors of osteoporosis (OP) in patients on the maintenance of peritoneal dialysis (MPD). Methods We enrolled 260 MPD patients, who underwent dialysis in our dialysis center for over 6 months. Bone mineral density was detected and the biochemical data and dialysis-related indicators were recorded. These results were analyzed and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of osteoporosis. Results Among the 260 enrolled MPD patients, 128 patients had osteoporosis (49.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender (OR ＝5.086, P ＝0.001), age (OR ＝2.783, P ＝0.017), dialysis age (OR ＝2.145, P ＝0.021), and diabetes history (OR ＝1.684, P ＝0.029) were independently related to OP, while BMI, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, Serum iPTH, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), CaP, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), Kt ／v, albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were not correlated with OP. Conclusion The incidence of OP is higher in MPD patients than in normal people. Gender, age, dialysis age, and diabetes history are risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flammability limit is an important parameter of combustion characteristics. In this paper, a flammability limit experimental device was set up based on the 5L cylindrical reactor. The flammability limits of ethane under CO2/O2 atmosphere were studied and compared with those in air atmosphere. The results showed that high concentration of CO2 reduces the upper flammability limit and increases the lower flammability limit of gas mixture. The influence of high concentration of CO2 on flammability limit was analyzed. The formula of calculation of flammability limit for CO2/O2was deduced according to the thermal theory. The average absolute deviation between the experimental values and calculated values is within 2.2%. The values of calculation are in agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe demographic, clinical and physiological characteristics, treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD), and relapse MDD, and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD. Methods: Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5),, were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity, and Hamilton Depression Scale etc. Among them, 529 (58. 6%), were first-episode depression and 329 (36. 0%), were relapsed. The differences of demographic characteristics, clinical and physiological characteristics, treatment were compared by χ2 test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recurrence. Results: Compared to first-episode MDD, relapse MDD had more comorbidity (OR=2. 11, 95% Cl: 1. 00-4. 44),, more days out of role (OR=1. 26, 95% CI: 1. 01-1. 56), more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month (OR=1. 41, 95% Cl: 1. 02-1. 97), and electroconvulsive therapy (OR=3. 23, 95% Cl: 1. 42-7. 36),, and higher waist-hip ratio (OR=33. 88, 95% Cl: 2. 88-399. 32), . Conclusion: Relapse MDD has positive association with comorbidity of mental disorders, out of role, and higher waist-hip ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate direct and indirect costs for schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, and to compare their differences of cost composition, and to explore the drivers of the total costs. Methods: A total of 3 175 inpatients with schizophrenia, MDD, and bipolar disorder were recruited. Inpatient’s self-report total direct of medical costs outpatient and inpatient, out-of-pocket costs, and direct non-medical costs were regarded as direct costs. Productivity loss and other loss caused by damaging properties were defined as indirect costs. The perspectives of this study included individual and societal levels. Multivariate regression analysis was applied for detecting the factors influencing disease costs. Results: The total cost of schizophrenia was higher than those of MDD and bipolar disorder at individual and societal levels. The indirect costs of three mental disorders were higher than the direct costs, and the indirect cost ratio of bipolar disorder was higher than those of schizophrenia and MDD. Age, gender, working condition and marital status (P ＜0. 05) were the important drivers of total costs. Conclusion: The economic burden of the three mental disorders is relatively heavy. Schizophrenia has heaviest disease burden, and the productivity loss due to mental disorders is the driving force of the soaring disease cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a kind of chronic non-specific vasculitis. It is commonly treated with glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and biologic and targeted agents. However, there are still problems of low disease remission rate and continuous progression of vascular lesions. In traditional Chinese medicine, TAK belongs to the category of “pulse bi”. Traditional Chinese medicine played an irreplaceable role in relieving clinical symptoms, improving life quality and disease prognosis, and preventing recurrence. In this review, the authors summarized the pathogenesis, famous traditional Chinese medicine experts' theories and clinical experiences of TAK. The theory of reducing side effects and enhancing anti-inflammation effects was put forward. Based on the combination of different disease stages and syndromes, we integrated treatments of Chinese and western medicine of TAK，so as to form a new treatment model and strategy for improving long-term prognosis of TAK patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a kind of autoimmune disease which is characterized by multi-organomegaly and elevated serum IgG4. Till now, the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD is unknown. The pattern recognition receptor of antigen-presenting cell is activated by pathogen infection, then CD4+ T cell is activated by antigen presentation and transform into Th1, Th2, Treg and Tfh cell. The cytokines secreted by Th1, Th2, Treg and Tfh cell will promote the activation of B cells and transformation to plasma cells and production of IgG4. Futhermore, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor secreted by macrophage and Treg will promote the fibrosis. The above cytokines and immune cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD, which provide new strategy for treatment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective By observing the echocardiographic dimensions in the acute phase and the intercritical phase of gout, we planned to investigate the effect of acute gouty arthritis on cardiac function. Methods Patients with gout were enrolled from Jun 2019 to Apr 2021 in Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. They were classified into acute gout group and intercritical gout group according to different phases. Clinical data were collected and echocardiographic examination was completed within 1-3 days. Echocardiography was repeated in patients with acute attack 30 days later. Echocardiographic parameters of different groups or different phases in the same group were analyzed and compared. Results Finally, 69 male cases were enrolled. Among them, 32 were acute gout group and 37 were intercritical gout group. Compared with the intercritical gout group, the ejection fraction in the acute gout group decreased ［60% (56%-64%) vs. 64% (62%-65%), Z=-2.814, P=0.005], and the left atrial area reduced [ (13±4) cm² vs. (16±3) cm², t=-4.146, P <0.001]. When serum uric acid was more than 480 µmol/L, the ejection fraction of acute gout group was lower than that of intercritical gout group [59% (55%-62%) vs. 64% (59%-70%), Z=-4.112, P<0.001], and the left atrial area was smaller [ (13±5) cm² /L vs. (17±3) cm² /L, t=-3.121, P=0.003). The echocardiographic parameters were similar among the two groups when serum uric acid was ≤480 μmol/L. The ejection fraction of patients with acute gout in remission stage was better than that in acute attack stage, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.78). Conclusion Acute gouty arthritis can decrease ejection fraction in male patients, particularly in patients with high uric acid level. Controlling gout attacks may help reduce the risk of cardiac dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DON Toxin is a natural toxin produced by Fusarium after infecting cereals, which seriously threatens food security, food safety and human health. This paper introduces the discovery and research history of vomittin, its family (monotelomeric compounds) and typical members, and the frontier research of biological detoxification by means of personification, so that readers can understand this dangerous toxin in a lively way, especially for teachers and students of agricultural and medical colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of severe coronary stenosis (SCS) and the relationship between serum uric acid level and the risk of SCS in non-gout patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. To explore the appropriate intervention point for asymptomatic hyperuricemia (HUA) patients with multiple cardiovascular high-risk factors. Methods From Jan 2015 to Dec 2020, 1 417 non-gout patients with T2DM and hypertension who were hospitalized in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and completed coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) wereretrospectively enrolled. The characteristics of SCS patients and the relationship between serum uric acid level and the prevalence of SCS were analyzed. Results Patients with SCS had higher male proportions, smoking prevalence, systolic blood pressure, and older age. Serum uric acid, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density cholesterol, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, homocysteine acid, and peripheral white blood cell count were all higher. However, there were no significant differences in BMI, fasting blood glucose, and diastolic blood pressure compared with patients without SCS. After adjusting for factors such as age, gender, BMI, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, low-density cholesterol, and smoking history, the prevalence of SCS was significantly increased when serum uric acid≥430 μmol/L (OR=1.586, P=0.039). The level of serum uric acid was positively correlated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as BMI, triacylglycerol and homocysteine. Conclusion Elevated serum uric acid level is associated with increased risk of SCS in non-gout patients with T2DM and hypertension. The control of serum uric acid level in asymptomatic HUA patients need to be stratified according to risk factors, and patients with multiple high-risk factors may require intervention earlier than the current Chinese guidelines recommend (480 μmol/L). More prospective studies are needed to establish the benefits of uric acid-lowering interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the determination and clinical significance of serum trace elements and humoral immunity in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection. Methods: A total of 64 children with recurrent respiratory tract infection, who were tr eated in Children's Hospital of Shanghai fr om January 2016 to January 2017, were chosen as observation group;in addition.60 healthy children who received physical examination in this hospital, as control group during the same period.The levels of serum trace elements calcium (Ca), iron (Fe). copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg),humoral immune factors of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM). immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, and serum levels of complement C3, C4. and C5 were compared between the two groups,and the correlation among them was analyzed. Results: The serum levels of Ca. Fe and Zn in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was not statistically significant in serum Cu and Mg levels between the two groups (P>0.05). The serum levels of IgA. IgM and IgG in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were not statistical differences in the levels of serum complement C3, C4 and C5 between the two groups (P>0. 05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum Ca. Fe and Zn were positively related to serum IgA. IgM and IgG levels in children with repeated respiratory infection (PO.05). Conclusion: Deficiency of trace elements in serum Ca. Fe and Zn and the decrease of serum IgA. IgM and IgG levels were found in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection,and there is a positive correlation between them, which may jointly promote the occurrence of recurrent respiratory tract infections [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction between local economy and regional higher education institutions is built in a historical period by the gradual permeation of each other. In this study, the present situation and problems of regional higher education institutions are discussed. Accordingly, it is proposed that the institutions should initiatively strengthen the connection of their discipline construction with local economy, draw support from social force in running the school and facilitate the transformation of their scientific research achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pydiflumetofen is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), which shows excellent inhibitory activity to many plant pathogens, such as Fusarium graminearum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this study, the sensitivity to pydiflumetofen of Passalora fulva strains collected from 8 cities in Shandong Province were tested by using mycelial growth rate method. In addition, the control efficacy of pydiflumetofen to tomato leaf mold were also investigated in field. The results showed that pydiflumetofen had strong inhibitory activity on three developmental stages of P. fulva, and the inhibitory activities on spore gemination and germ tube elongation were higher than that on mycelial growth. Inhibition rate of pydiflumetofen to spore gemination and germ tube elongation of P. fulva was over 50% at 0.10 μg/mL. The EC50 values frequency distribution of 103 P. fulva isolates to pydiflumetofen on mycelial growth was a unimodal curve and could be regarded as the baseline sensitivity. The EC50 values ranged from 0.04 to 1.74 μg/mL, with a mean of (0.67 ± 0.41) μg/mL. In field trials of two years, after the last application at the dose of 200 g a.i./hm², the control efficacy of pydiflumetofen was above 80%, which was significantly higher than that of thiophanate-methyl (540 g a.i./hm² ) and fluopyram (150 g a.i./hm² ). This study provides data support for monitoring the resistance of tomato leaf mold to pydiflumetofen and for efficient controlling tomato leaf mold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the implementation effect of the new teaching model of standardized training of resident physicians in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology. Methods By clarifying the teaching objectives and requirements of different levels，we combined a variety of advanced teaching methods and evaluation systems to implement stratified training for 68 residents，and evaluate the effect of stratified training through examinations and questionnaires. Results The test scores of senior residents were higher than those of lower-level residents，and the score of the exit exam was higher than the score of the entrance exam （P all <0.001）. Residents’ satisfaction with the stratified-grading teaching model reached 100%，and their satisfaction with the improvement of their clinical and scientific research capabilities was also above 90%. Conclusion The stratified-grading teaching model has improved the clinical competence and comprehensive quality of the residents，which is worthy of further promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the characteristics of Takayasu’s arteritis（TAK）patients with cardiac involvements in East China Takayasu’s arteritis（ECTA）cohort. Methods TAK patients were recruited from Zhongshan Hospital in ECTA cohort from Jan 2009 to Dec 2019.All patients met the 1990 TAK classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology，except for viral myocarditis， rheumatic heart disease，or congenital heart disease. Patients were divided into cardiac involvement and noncardiac involvement group. Clinical characteristics were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results A total of 390 TAK patients were recruited in our study，of which 186 patients（47.7%）had cardiac involvements. There were 155 cases（39.7%） with heart valve disease，52 cases（13.3%） with coronary artery involvement，17 cases （4.4%） with hypertensive heart disease，7 cases （1.8%） with cardiomyopathy，and 51 cases（13.1%）with pulmonary hypertension. In cardiac involvement group，the male/female ratio was 1∶5.6，the median onset age was 32.6 （23.3-45.4） years，and median disease duration was 30.0 （6.4-108.5） months. More TAK patients with cardiac involvements complained of having symptoms than those without cardiac involvements，such as chest distress，tachycardia and anhelations（P<0.05），and their N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP）were higher as well（P<0.001）. Type Ⅱ b TAK patients were more likely to have cardiac impairments. Conclusion Cardiac involvements were not rare in TAK patients. There were 47.7% of patients with cardiac involvement in the ECTA cohort，especially valvular disease and coronary artery involvement. Regular follow-up is recommended for early detection of cardiac involvements in TAK patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the distribution and characteristics of the vasculitis subtypes in monocenter hospitalized patients. Methods Patients with vasculitis who were hospitalized in Zhongshan Hospital，Fudan University from Jan 1 2009 to Jan 1 2019 were enrolled in the present cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into different subgroups and compared subsequently according to the vasculitis subtypes. Results A total of 1 780 patients were included in the present study，among which 957 cases （53.8%）were female，with a median age of 48.0（interquartile range：34.0-62.0）years.Takayasu’s arteritis （TA），antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody（ANCA）associated vasculitis（AAV），IgA vasculitis（IgAV）， and thrombosis angiitis obliterans（TAO）constitute the four main parts with the percent of 4.6%，3.4%， 1.8% and 1.1%，respectively.These four types of vasculitis patients mainly derived from the department of rheumatology，nephrology，nephrology，and vascular surgery，and the overall readmission rate was 48.3%. Most of the vasculitis patients derived from Shanghai city，Jiangsu，Zhejiang and Anhui province. The hypertension，diabetes mellitus and kidney lesion were the most common comorbidity for vasculitis. Conclusions The vasculitis patients hospitalized in our hospital were mainly TA，AAV，IgAV and TAO. Patients mainly derived from Shanghai and the neighboring provinces.Hypertension was the most common comorbidity，which deserves further attention for a better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To verify the diagnostic efficiency of the IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) responder index (RI) in the assessment of IgG4-RD disease activity，and to further explore new comprehensive clinical diagnostic criteria. Methods A total of 117 IgG4-RD patients who met the 2012 diagnosis criteria in Japan were divided into the active group (n=78) and stable group(n=39) by three experts using physician global assessment (PGA). We collected the general situation，clinical data， laboratory tests and IgG4-RD RI of the patients. The differences between the general conditions and laboratory tests of the two groups were analyzed. The serum markers and IgG4-RD RI were further analyzed to evaluate the sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value，negative predictive value，and area under the curve of IgG4-RD disease activity. Results Peripheral blood eosnophils percentage(E%) platelet(PLT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)，C-reactive protein(CRP), IgG, IgG4, globulin， interleukin-6（IL-6）and soluble IL-2 receptor(sIL2R)in active group were significantly higher than those in the stable group；while hemoglobin，total cholesterol，and triglycerides were significantly reduced. IgG, IgG4, globulin, ESR and sIL-2R levels were positively correlated with IgG4-RD RI (P <0.05). In the assessement of disease activity，the area under the curve of IgG4-RD RI and serum IgG levels were 0.940 and 0.916, respectively.The sensitivity and specificity were up to 92.3% and 86.5%，respectively for IgG4- RD RI≥6.The sensitivity and specificity were 89.1% and 82.6% for IgG≥11.6 g/L. Conclusion In the assessment of IgG4-RD disease activity，the IgG4-RD RI exhibited the highest diagnostic efficiency.Serum IgG level can also be used as a marker of disease activity，with high sensitivity and specificity.Both IgG4- RD RI and IgG were reliable and practical methods in clinical disease assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The character of water production in Yuanba gas field became increasingly obvious, and deep analysis of the sludge source with study on the countermeasures of sludge reduction would become of great importance in high efficiency developing the gas field. Taking the sulphur-bearing waste water and residual liquid after pigging in Yuanba gas field as study objects, this paper optimized drug selection, reaction time, reaction conditions and reagent proportioning, meanwhile, for the goal of sludge reduction, the sludge pressure filtration equipment and rational allocation of sludge ratio was also optimized, considering the low desulfurization rate and high yield mud during the wastewater treatment. Experimental results show the mud in Yuanba gas field comes from the sulphur-bearing waste water after treatment and the residual liquid after pigging, The rate of water content of the sludge from the sulphurbearing waste water could reduce to less than 30% by preliminary desulfured with vaporizing extract process deeply desulfurization with ZnCL and filter pressing by filter frame sequently. The residual liquid after pigging can be emulsified in alkaline environment with compound demulsifier named EEA, which can be mixed with common mud producing from the sulphur bearing waste water in a ratio below l : 2, In this way, the rate of water content of the oily sludge could be remained at 30% -33% after filter pressing by filter frame. The study in this paper can provide experimental demonstration and on site guidance for sewage treatment and sludge reduction re search in Y uanba gas field [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Bixie Fenqing Pills combined with allopurinol in the treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Methods Seventy-two patients with gout were randomly divided into experimental group(n=36)and control group(n=36)for a total course of 12 weeks. The initialdose of allopurinol in both groups was 100 mg/day in the first week，and was adjusted to 200 mg/day from the second week. The experimental group and the control group took Bixie Fenqing Pills and placebo，simultaneously and respectively(9 g/time，twice a day). Results After 12 weeks of treatment，serum uric acid levels were <6.0 mg/dL in 3 and 10 patients in the control and experimental group，respectively.The standard-reaching rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group.There were no significant difference in adverse events，major adverse events，serious adverse events， and adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion Bixie Fenqing Pills improved the standardreaching rate of allopurinol in uric acid lowering therapy and showed good safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with non-infectious aortitis. Methods A retrospective analysis was made among 124 patients with non-infectious aortitis who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiac Surgery and/or Rheumatology in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, from Jan., 2010 to Dec., 2017. Data were collected and analyzed, including preoperative general information, laboratory and radiologic examinations, and the clinical and surgical outcomes. Results Among the 124 patients, there were 45 patients of Takayasu arteritis (36.3%), 40 patients of isolated aortitis (32.3%), 37 patients of Behcet's disease (29.8%) and 2 patients of giant cell arteritis (1.6%). Moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency was the most common (82 patients, 66.1%). Takayasu arteritis group was female dominant (3.5:1), while the onset age[(53.5+9.4) years] and diagnosis age[(55.0+9.3) years] in isolated aortitis group were much older (P<0.05). Ninety-seven patients (78.2%) received surgical treatment, of which 69 received primary operations, 28 received secondary operations. Forty-four cases (45.4%) received preoperative treatments of glucocorticoid and/or immunosuppressive agents. Aortic valve replacement (40.2%), Bentall's operation (23.7%) and coronary artery bypass grafting (11.3%) were the most common types of primary operations, resulting in significant decrease in systolic blood pressure[(119.2±38.1) mmHg vs. (108.9±37.9) mmHg, P<0.001]. Perivalvular aortic leakage (19 patients, 67.9%) was the main cause of secondary operations, of which Behcet's disease (13 patients, 68.4%) was common, and only 7 patients (36.8%) received glucocorticoid and/or immunosuppressive therapy prior to operations. Compared with 97 patients with surgery, the proportion of patients treated with glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressive agents (63.0%) in 27 non-surgery patients was higher, the age of diagnosis (41.6 + 16.4 years) was younger, and women (74.1%) were more common. Of them, 17 patients (63.0%) postponed surgery after treatment with glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressive agents. Conclusions Non-infectious aortitis was mainly seen in patients with primary systemic vasculitis such as Takayasu arteritis, isolated aortitis and Behcet's disease, with the most common lesion of aortic valve insufficiency. Medical treatment could help control inflammation and delay operation, and surgical treatment could help improve blood pressure. Patients with Behcet's disease without medical treatment would be more likely to suffer from perivalvular leakage after operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical feature, inflammatory state and disease activity of patients with Takayasu's arteritis (TA) complicated with elevated serum amyloid A (SSA). Methods Among 80 TA patients, the differences in clinical data, disease activity, inflammatory markers, cytokines and drug utilization were compared between SAA-elevating group and SAA-normal group by t test, rank sum test and Spearman's correlation analysis. Results SAA-elevating group had higher portion of Kerr's index≥2 (86.44% vs. 61.9%, P=0.036), higher level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ［(47.84±34.60) mg/L vs. (18.86±15.87) mg/L, P<0.001］ and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) ［17.42(5.20-36.90) mg/L vs.1.80(0.75-4.05) mg/L, P<0.001］, platelet ［(295.00±95.60)×109/L vs. (240.85±75.78)×109/L, P=0.025］, globulin ［(29.05±6.49)g/L vs. (24.98±4.33) g/L, P=0.002］, IgG ［(13.37±4.52) g/L vs. (11.63±2.63)g/L, P=0.048］, C3 ［(1.26±0.26)g/L vs. (1.03±0.20)g/L, P=0.002］, C4 ［0.25(0.21-0.29) g/L vs. 0.20(0.14-0.23) g/L, P=0.008］ and IL-6［(10.64±8.93) pg/mL vs. (3.88±2.72) pg/mL, P=0.001］ compared with SAA-normal group. Conclusions TA patients complicated with elevated SSA have higher inflammatory index and disease activity, thus examination of SAA is necessary to reveal the inflammatory and disease status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore correlation between comformation polymorphism of single strad 1059G/C(rsl800947) region of CRP gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Han population in the Zunyi area. Methods The ploymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR SSCP) was adopted to examine the comformational polymorphism of single strand 1059G/C( rs l800947) region of CRP gene among Han population in the Zunyi area, including 137 patients with T2DM (T2DM group) and 128 subjects undergoing the healthy physical examination (healthy control group). Results The three geno types of CC, CG and CT were detected in 1059G/C of CRP gene. Both the frequencies of various genotypes and allele frequencies had statistically significant differences between T2DM group and healthy control group (P<0. 05) . There was a positive correlation between CG, CT and T2DM (P <0. 05). The 9C/G and 6A/T base variation was detected out in the allele G and T. Conclusion The 1059G/C region of CRP gene has the polymorphic distribution among the population in Zunyi area. It is speculated t hat the two polymorphic sites of 9C/G and 6A/T of 1059G/C of CRP gene are correlated with T2DM among the population in the Zunyi area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the muscles and skeleton involvement surrounding sacroiliac joint (SIJ) of axial seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA) patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to analyze the relationship between them. Methods A prospective study of 38 patients who meet the 2009 axial SpA diagnostic criteria was conducted. We carried out MRI of the SIJ for these patients to evaluate the muscles and skeleton involvement. Those cases were divided into muscles differences between the two groups of image scores, including Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scores and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada MRI Sacroiliac Joint Structural Score (SPARCC SSS). The extent of muscles edema in patients with sacroiliac joints was ranked into twelve grades from 0-12, and we did Spearman rank correlation test of muscles edema scope and two indexes. Results We found that 28 cases (73.68%) of the 38 patients had significant muscle involvement by analyzing the STIR sequence, and found erector spinae in 22 cases (57.89%) gluteal muscles in 13 cases (34.21%), iliacus muscle in 11 cases (28.95%), obturator muscle in 5 cases (13.16%), piriform muscle in 5 cases (13.16%) and other 4 cases (10.53%). SPARCC (t=2.28, P=0.03) and SPARCC SSS (t=3.37, P=0.00) were statistically different between the two groups. SPARCC (P=0.00, r=0.67) and SPARCC SSS (P=0.01, r=0.47) were positively correlated with the extent of muscles edema. Conclusions The muscles edema around sacroiliac joint is an important sign of axial SpA magnetic resonance imaging. Patients who had muscles edema tended to have more serious skeleton changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]