188 results on '"žitarice"'
Search Results
2. ARHEOBOTANIČKA ANALIZA „LIBURNSKE“ KERAMIKE S LOKALITETA NADIN – GRADINA.
- Author
-
KNEŽIĆ, DOLORES, ŠOŠTARIĆ, RENATA, and ČELHAR, MARTINA
- Subjects
- *
IRON Age , *POTTERY - Abstract
The paper analyses plant macroremains on clay sherds containing organic inclusions from the Nadin – Gradina site in northern Dalmatia. Sherds of a large pottery vessel intended for storage have been found in a closed settlement context (SU 419), dated using radiocarbon method to the Early Iron Age, that is, to the period between the last quarter of the 9th century BC and the middle of the 8th century BC. Organic inclusions in pottery pastes have been used since the earliest times with the intention of influencing the properties of the final ceramic product. Such dried or fired pottery contains traces of the plant temper employed, in the form of imprints and plant remains. The identified plant remains consist mainly of remains of cereal threshing: grains, stems and leaves, glumes and remains of ears. The analysis of the imprints and remains of plant temper allowed us to identify largegrained cereals – barley (Hordeum sp.) and wheat (Triticum sp.) – and small-grained cereals: broomcorn/foxtail millet (Panicum/Setaria sp.). Among other finds, there are traces of olive (Olea europaea) and cornelian cherry (cf. Cornus mas), and of grasses (Poaceae). The imprints and plant inclusions in pottery often remain unnoticed, but they are a valuable complement to the classical analysis of plant macrofossils, and provide additional information on the economic strategies and environment of the community which produced the pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. An update to the La Tène plant economy in northern Serbia.
- Author
-
Medovic, Aleksandar, Jeromela, Ana Marjanović, and Mikić, Aleksandar
- Subjects
- *
OILSEED plants , *FIELD crops , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *VEGETABLE oils , *OATS , *LEGUMES - Abstract
The archaeobotanical research of the macrobiotic remains from archaeological sites provides a valuable insight into the plant economy of the continental Celtic (Gaulish or Galatian) tribe of Scordisci, which lived around the rivers of Sava, Drava and Danube during the last three centuries before Christ. The field crop production of Scordisci was based upon cereals, grain legumes and oil crops. The importance of spelt wheat (Tnticnm spelta L.) in the everyday diets of Scordisci has been underestimated so far. Recent researches proved the presence of Byzantine oat (Avena bysrantina K. Koch) at the Celtic tilths in the northern Balkans. Cereals were stored in mud-plastered granary baskets. The spectrum of grain legumes is as diverse as that of cereals. The latest analyses expand the list of oil plants with a new species -- dragon's head ipallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.). There is also the first evidence of a beer production facility in one of the Scordisci oppida, Carnok. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Utjecaj hranidbe, lokacije i tipa šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) na sastav masnih kiselina hepatopankreasa.
- Author
-
Sinković, S., Tuksar, E., Severin, K., Grbavac, J., and Mašek, T.
- Abstract
Copyright of Deep South Magazine is the property of Deep South Media, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
5. Aggressiveness and trichothecene production of Fusarium graminearum isolates from cereals in Serbia.
- Author
-
Obradović, Ana, Vukadinović, Jelena, Nikolić, Milica, Bulajić, Aleksandra, Stanković, Goran, Delić, Nenad, and Stanković, Slavica
- Subjects
FUSARIUM ,BARLEY ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,MYCOTOXINS ,LEAF spots - Abstract
Copyright of Pesticides & Phytomedicine / Pesticidi i Fitomedicina is the property of Institute of Pesticides & Environmental Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Utjecaj hranidbe, lokacije i tipa šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.) na sastav masnih kiselina hepatopankreasa.
- Author
-
Sinković, S., Tuksar, E., Severin, K., Grbavac, J., and Mašek, T.
- Abstract
Copyright of Croatian Veterinary Reports / Hrvatski Verinarski Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Veterinary Chamber and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
7. Srednjoročni razvoj tržišta žitarica u Republici Hrvatskoj -- rezultati modela parcijalne ravnoteže.
- Author
-
ZRAKIĆ SUŠAC, Magdalena, KRANJAC, David, GRGIĆ, Ivo, and MESIĆ, Željka
- Subjects
EQUILIBRIUM - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Central European Agriculture is the property of Journal of Central European Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Grobnice halštatskih kneževa na lokalitetu Kaptol – Čemernica: Arheobotanički nalazi iz tumula III i XI.
- Author
-
ŠOŠTARIĆ, RENATA, POTREBICA, HRVOJE, BABIĆ, RENATA BONIĆ, MARTINOVIĆ, MARIJA, and NOVAK, TAMARA
- Subjects
- *
ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *IRON Age , *WHEAT , *PRESERVATION of materials , *MOUNDS (Archaeology) , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL site location - Abstract
The prehistoric archaeological site of Kaptol is the most significant Iron Age site in northern Croatia discovered to date. It has given its name to the southernmost group within the Hallstatt cultural complex. The necropolis at the location of Čemernica was excavated between 1965 and 1971, with 14 tumuli encompassed by the archaeological investigation. Thereafter, three rounds of complex revision excavations were conducted: in 2007, tumulus XI – the northernmost tumulus in the Čemernica necropolis – was excavated; two years later, tumulus III; and, in 2016, tumulus IV. This is the first presentation of the results of archaeobotanical research of Hallstatt tumuli III and XI at the Kaptol – Čemernica site. In total, 674 litres of sediment from tumuli III and XI were floated, resulting in the recovery of 16.285 carbonized plant remains. The overwhelming majority (more than 90%) of finds from both tumuli are those of cereals. Due to the poor preservation of the plant material, half of the cereals have been identified as Cerealia (large-grained cereals). Wheat (Triticum) is predominant among the better-preserved remains from both tumuli, with common wheat (Triticum aestivum) being the most numerous among the types of wheat identified. In view of the large quantity of plant remains, predominantly cereals, the conclusion can be drawn that the plant component of the Early Iron Age burial ritual was much more important than we thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. THE QUALITY OF TRADITIONALLY SMOKED TENDERLOINS OBTAINED FROM MEAT OF NATIVE PIG BREEDS.
- Author
-
Migdał, Władysław, Kulig, Regina, Walczycka, Maria, Węsierska, Ewelina, Zając, Marzena, Tkaczewska, Joanna, Kulawik, Piotr, Migdał, Łukasz, Migdał, Anna, and Krępa-Stefanik, Katarzyna
- Subjects
- *
SWINE , *MEAT analysis , *PORK , *POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons , *PORK products , *SHEARING force , *MEAT , *BREEDING - Abstract
The domestic (homeland, native) populations - breeds of pigs are grown in certain region and/or country as local, primitive breeds. In Poland following 3 pig breeds are considered as native: Pulawska, Zlotnicka White and Zlotnicka Spotted. The aim of this study was the assessment of the quality of meat and traditionally smoked tenderloins obtained from meat of native pigs breeds bred in a traditional way. Meat analysis showed that the highest fat content values were present in Zlotnicka Spotted (4.60 ± 0.33) and White (3.63 ± 0.41) while the lowest in Pulawska (2.78 ± 0.29). Smoked tenderloins shear force differed statistically. The hardness values were the highest for Zlotnicka White (65.66 ± 6.46) and the lowest for Zlotnicka Spotted (33.27 ± 4.12). Similar shear force values were recorded: the highest in Zlotnicka White (51.90 ± 7.11) and the lowest in Zlotnicka Spotted (30.43 ± 5.54). Regardless of the results obtained, meat products have good acceptance of sensory assessment test and low level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We conclude that the meat of Pulawska, Zlotnicka White and Spotted breeds of pigs is a good quality raw material used for production of traditional and regional meat products gaining high sensory scores and good recognition among consumers. The traditionally smoked tenderloins produced from meats of above breeds, were characterized by very good quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Stanje i perspektiva proizvodnje žitarica i uljarica u Republici Hrvatskoj.
- Author
-
Iljkić, D., Kranjac, D., Zebec, V., Varga, Ivana, Rastija, Mirta, Antunović, Manda, and Kovačević, V.
- Abstract
Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Isplati li se zbog suše više sijati žitarice ili kukuruz?
- Author
-
Čop, Tajana
- Subjects
suša ,kukuruz ,žitarice - Abstract
Rad daje pregled utjecaja klimatskih prilika na prinose. U radu je prikazana kalkulacija za izabrane kulture uslijed djelovanja suše. Navode se strategije ublažavanja i prilagodbe.
- Published
- 2023
12. Raising Awareness of Celiac Disease in Primary School Children
- Author
-
Jović, Ivona and Bogut, Irella
- Subjects
cereals ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Interdisciplinarne prirodne znanosti ,gluten-free diet ,žitarice ,gluten ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences ,celijakija ,prehrana bez glutena ,coeliac disease - Abstract
Iako su žitarice neophodan dio prehrane, pojedine žitarice mogu negativno utjecati na probavni sustav kod nekih osoba. Razlog tome jest postojanje glutena u pojedinim žitaricama. Za osobe kojima je dijagnosticirana celijakija, gluten može biti izrazito štetan. Obilnije stolice, bljedoća, osip, gubitak apetita i tjelesne težine te nezainteresiranost samo su neki od simptoma celijakije koji se mogu pojaviti u dječjoj ili odrasloj dobi. Kako bi se navedeni simptomi izbjegli, nužno je konzumirati isključivo hranu bez glutena. Ukoliko osobe oboljele od celijakije unesu gluten u svoj organizam, uništavaju se crijevne resice te se smanjuje apsorpcija hranjivih tvari što rezultira pothranjenošću. Dakle, za osobe koje boluju od celijakije, bezglutenska prehrana jedini je lijek. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada jest upoznati učenike s celijakijom (glutenskom enteropatijom) i glutenom kao glavnim uzročnikom ove bolesti. Također, ovim se radom nastoji osvijestiti učenike o posebnim prehrambenim potrebama djeteta s celijakijom i bezglutenskom dijetom kao oblikom prehrane oboljelih. Although cereals are an essential part of the diet, some cereals can negatively affect on digestive system in some people. The reason for this is the existence of gluten in certain cereals. For people who have coeliac disease, gluten can be extremely harmful. Excessive stools, paleness, rash, loss of appetite and weight, and lack of interest are just some of the symptoms of coeliac disease that can occur in childhood or adulthood. To avoid these symptoms, it is necessary to consume only gluten-free foods. If people with celiac disease take gluten into their body, the intestinal villi are destroyed and the absorption of nutrients is reduced, which results in malnutrition. So, for people suffering from celiac disease, a gluten-free diet is the only cure. The aim of this graduate thesis is to introduce students to celiac disease (gluten enteropathy) and gluten as the main cause of this disease. Also, this thesis seeks to make students aware of the special nutritional needs of children with celiac disease and gluten-free diet as a form of nutrition for patients.
- Published
- 2022
13. Presenza degli ebrei nel commercio marittimo di granaglie durante il Settecento nel mare Adriatico dai Regesti marittimi croati, vol. I‒III
- Author
-
Podhraški Čizmek, Zrinka, Brandl, Naida-Mihal, and Piergabriele, Mancuso
- Subjects
Ebrei ,Morpurgo ,cereali ,commercio ,Adriatico settentrionale ,Ancona ,Settecento ,Regesti marittimi croati ,Codex Maritimus Diplomaticus Croatiae ,Židovi ,žitarice ,trgovina ,sjeverni Jadran ,18. stoljeće ,Hrvatski pomorski regesti ,Jews ,grains ,trade ,Northern Adriatic ,18th century ,Croatian Maritime Regesta - Abstract
Il saggio analizza la presenza ebraica nel commercio di granaglie nel Settecento in base ai 16.000 documenti dei Regesti marittimi croati vol. I-III di Nikola Čolak. Dall’analisi risulta che i mercanti, negozianti, parcenevoli e spedizionieri ebrei erano attivi nel commercio di frumento, granoturco, orzo e segale in numero molto ridotto rispetto al totale delle presenze nei documenti citati. Li troviamo in questo ramo menzionati non più di ventisei volte, perlopiù riguardanti i porti adriatico-settentrionali di Trieste, Duino, l’Istria con Pazin (Pisino), il Litorale croato - ovvero austriaco - con Rijeka (Fiume), Senj (Segna) e la Dalmazia, Dubrovnik e Durrës (Durazzo) al sud. Gli ebrei vendono le granaglie anche da Venezia, comprano da Rimini e Senigallia e soprattutto da Ancona per rivenderle da lì anche in porti extra-adriatici quali Genova e Barcellona dove avevano propri contatti commerciali. Le famiglie ovvero ditte più presenti ed attive si dimostrano gli anconetani Morpurgo (Eredi, Fratelli, Eredi Sanson Morpurgo o Marpurgo), Consolo, Rosolem, Pacifico, Treves, Levi del Banco Ebreo e Vitali. Interessanti si mostrano le provenienze dei paroni e capitani con cui collaborano: dall’Istria ovvero Rovinj (Rovigno) sette, dal Kvarner (Quarnero) e precisamente da Lošinj (Lussino) e Cres (Cherso) cinque, da Dubrovnik uno, da Palazzolo del Friuli uno, da Venezia quattro (dalle isole di Giudecca e Pellestrina), da Loreo tre, un capitano dalla Francia e due dall’Olanda, il che ci permette di tracciare uno scorcio delle reti commerciali dell’epoca., U ovom se članku analizira židovska prisutnost u trgovini žitaricama u 18. stoljeću na temelju 16.000 dokumenata Hrvatskih pomorskih regesta, sv. I‒III, Nikole Čolaka. Analiza pokazuje da su židovski trgovci, vlasnici dućana, parcenevoli, vlasnici robe i brodova te agenti bili relativno malobrojni u trgovini pšenicom, kukuruzom, ječmom i raži u odnosu na ukupnu prisutnost u spomenutim dokumentima. U toj ih se vrsti trgovine spominje samo 26 puta, uglavnom u kontekstu sjevernojadranskih luka: Trsta, Duina, Istre s Pazinom, Hrvatskog ili Austrijskog primorja s Rijekom i Senjom, ali i južnije u Dalmaciji, Dubrovniku, pa sve do Durrësa (Drača). Židovi također prodaju žitarice iz Venecije, kupuju ih u Riminiju i Senigalliji, a prije svega u Anconi, da bi ih odande preprodavali i u mediteranske luke poput Genove i Barcelone, gdje su imali svoje trgovačke kontakte. Najprisutnije i najaktivnije obitelji ili tvrtke bile su obitelji Morpurgo (Eredi, Fratelli, Eredi Sanson Morpurgo ili Marpurgo), Consolo, Rosolem, Pacifico, Treves, Levi del Banco Ebreo i Vitali. Zanimljivo je podrijetlo i kapetana s kojima ti trgovci surađuju: iz Istre (Rovinja) sedam, s Kvarnera (Lošinja i Cresa) pet, iz Dubrovnika jedan, iz Palazzola del Friuli jedan, iz Venecije četiri (Giudecce i Pellestrine), trojica iz Lorea, kapetan iz Francuske i dva iz Nizozemske, što nam omogućuje uvid u manji segment tadašnjih trgovačkih mreža., The main objective of this study is to analyse the role played by the Jews in the 18thcentury Adriatic grain trade, according to the 16,000 documents that late professor Nikola Čolak published in Regesti marittimi croati, volumes I–III. The Jewish merchants, shopkeepers, parcenevoli and agents played a relatively small role in the trade of wheat, maize, barley, and rye, especially if compared to other types of merchandise mentioned in the Regesti. We found only 26 records, mostly in connection to the ports of Trieste and Duino, Istria (with Pazin), and the Croatian Littoral (then the Austrian Littoral) – in particular the cities of Rijeka and Senj, but also some more southern Adriatic territories, such as Dubrovnik, and as south as Durrës in present Albania. This study allowed us to identify the main trajectories of the Jewish grain trade, despite the relatively small number of people involved in the widespread trading net that included Venice, Rimini, Senigallia, Ancona, as well as Genova and Barcelona. The most active merchants are the Morpurgo family based in Ancona (Eredi, Fratelli, Eredi Sanson Morpurgo also known as Marpurgo), and the families Consolo, Rosolem, Pacifico, Treves, Levi del Banco and Vitali. Information that appeared about the origin of the non-Jewish paroni / ship holders and captains, with whom the Jewish traders collaborated, is rather interesting: there were seven from Istria (Rovinj), five from Kvarner (Lošinj and Cres), one based in Dubrovnik, one in Palazzolo del Friuli, four in Venice (more specifically from the islands of Giudecca and Pellestrina), three in Loreo, a captain from France, and two from Holland. This knowledge has enabled us to trace a glimpse of the commercial networks of the time.
- Published
- 2021
14. An update to the La Tène plant economy in northern Serbia
- Author
-
Ana Marjanović-Jeromela, Aleksandar Mikić, and Aleksandar Medović
- Subjects
Kelti ,Soil Science ,Plant Science ,vizantijski ovas ,Horticulture ,lallemantia iberica ,Celts ,Biochemistry ,SB1-1110 ,beer production ,Genetics ,uljarice ,pulses ,mahunarke ,Scordisci ,krupnik ,žitarice ,Triticum spelta ,Plant culture ,pivara ,scordisci ,celts ,Lallemantia iberica ,arheobotanika ,Geography ,Economy ,triticum spelta ,archaeobotany ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The archaeobotanical research of the macrobiotic remains from archaeological sites provides a valuable insight into the plant economy of the continental Celtic (Gaulish or Galatian) tribe of Scordisci, which lived around the rivers of Sava, Drava and Danube during the last three centuries before Christ. The field crop production of Scordisci was based upon cereals, grain legumes and oil crops. The importance of spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) in the everyday diets of Scordisci has been underestimated so far. Recent researches proved the presence of Byzantine oat (Avena byzantina K. Koch) at the Celtic tilths in the northern Balkans. Cereals were stored in mud-plastered granary baskets. The spectrum of grain legumes is as diverse as that of cereals. The latest analyses expand the list of oil plants with a new species – dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.). There is also the first evidence of a beer production facility in one of the Scordisci oppida, Čarnok. Arheobotanička istraživanja makrobiljnih ostataka na arheološkim lokalitetima pružaju uvid u biljnu privredu keltskog kontinentalnog (galskog ili galatskog) plemena Skordiska koje je poslednja tri veka pre nove ere živelo na prostoru oko reka Save, Drave i Dunava. Ratarstvo Skordiska se zasnivalo na proizvodnji žitarica, zrnastih mahunarki i uljarica. U najvećoj meri uzgajali su ječam, proso, jednozrnu pšenicu, golozrnu i dvozrnu pšenicu. Do sada je bio potcenjen značaj krupnika u ratarskoj proizvodnji ovog plemena. Novija istraživanja su po prvi put dokazala postojanje vizantijskog ovsa na keltskim oranicama u severnom delu Balkana. Uz ovu novu kulturu Kelti su sa svog neuspelog pohoda na Grčku poneli i korovsku biljku koja se u našim krajevima pojavljuje po prvi put — obični posunac. Žitarice su čuvane u silosima od pletera oblepljenog blatom. Inventar zrnastih mahunarki ne zaostaje po brojnosti u odnosu na žitarice. Uzgajaju se sočivo, grašak, sastrica, bob i urov. Lan je glavna uljarica, dok se sitna semena maka i lanika retko pronalaze. Najnovija, do sada neobjavljena istraživanja zaboravljenog uzorka iz 60-ih godina pršlog veka sa arheološkog lokaliteta Gomolava, dokazuju prisustvo još jedne uljarice u naseljima Skordiska — lalemancije. Na osnovu novih saznanja na drugim arheološkim istraživanjima uspeli smo da identifikujemo prvu pivaru na tlu Srbije u keltskom opidumu Čarnok.
- Published
- 2021
15. Graves of Hallstatt Princes at Kaptol – Čemernica: Archaeobotanical Material from Tumuli III and XI
- Author
-
Hrvoje Potrebica, Renata Šoštarić, Tamara Novak, Marija Martinović, and Renata Bonić Babić
- Subjects
cereals ,Archeology ,History ,tumuli ,žitarice ,Croatia ,pogrebni rituali ,Hrvatska ,Excavation ,burial ritual ,Archaeology ,Prehistory ,starije željezno doba ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Archeology. Prehistoric Archeology ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Arheologija. Prapovijesna arheologija ,Geography ,Early Iron Age ,Iron Age ,tumuli, starije željezno doba, pogrebni rituali, žitarice, Hrvatska ,Tumulus - Abstract
Prapovijesni arheološki lokalitet Kaptol za sada je najznačajnije željeznodobno nalazište na području sjeverne Hrvatske te je i epomnimni lokalitet istoimene najjužnije skupine halštatskoga kulturnog kompleksa. Nekropola na položaju Čemernica istraživana je od 1965. do 1971. godine, kada je istraženo 14 tumula. Nakon toga u tri su navrata provedena kompleksna revizijska istraživanja: 2007. godine bio je istražen tumul XI – najsjeverniji tumul na nekropoli Čemernica, nakon dvije godine tumul III, te 2016. tumul IV. U ovome radu po prvi puta prezentiramo rezultate arheobotaničkih istraživanja halštatskih tumula III i XI na položaju Kaptol – Čemernica. Flotirane su ukupno 674 litre sedimenta iz tumula III i XI te izdvojeno ukupno 16285 karboniziranih biljnih ostataka. U oba tumula apsolutno su najbrojniji nalazi žitarica (preko 90%). Zbog loše očuvanosti materijala, polovica nalaza žitarica determinirana je kao Cerealia (krupnozrne žitarice), među bolje očuvanim nalazima u oba tumula prevladava pšenica (Triticum), a od izdvojenih tipova pšenica najbrojnija je obična ili krušna pšenica (Triticum aestivum). S obzirom na veliku količinu nalaza, prije svega žitarica, može se zaključiti kako je biljna komponenta grobnih rituala u starijem željeznom dobu imala puno veći značaj nego što se to do sada mislilo., The prehistoric archaeological site of Kaptol is the most significant Iron Age site in northern Croatia discovered to date. It has given its name to the southernmost group within the Hallstatt cultural complex. The necropolis at the location of Čemernica was excavated between 1965 and 1971, with 14 tumuli encompassed by the archaeological investigation. Thereafter, three rounds of complex revision excavations were conducted: in 2007, tumulus XI – the northernmost tumulus in the Čemernica necropolis – was excavated; two years later, tumulus III; and, in 2016, tumulus IV. This is the first presentation of the results of archaeobotanical research of Hallstatt tumuli III and XI at the Kaptol – Čemernica site. In total, 674 litres of sediment from tumuli III and XI were floated, resulting in the recovery of 16.285 carbonized plant remains. The overwhelming majority (more than 90%) of finds from both tumuli are those of cereals. Due to the poor preservation of the plant material, half of the cereals have been identified as Cerealia (large-grained cereals). Wheat (Triticum) is predominant among the better-preserved remains from both tumuli, with common wheat (Triticum aestivum) being the most numerous among the types of wheat identified. In view of the large quantity of plant remains, predominantly cereals, the conclusion can be drawn that the plant component of the Early Iron Age burial ritual was much more important than we thought.
- Published
- 2020
16. Zastupljenost mikotoksina u tržišno najzastupljenijim žitaricama u Republici Hrvatskoj tijekom trgodišnjeg razdoblja (2019.-2021.)
- Author
-
Galić, Toni
- Subjects
mikotoksini ,žitarice ,vremenske prilike, ELISA - Abstract
Mikotoksini kao sekundarni metaboliti plijesni mogu nastati u mnogim poljoprivrednim usjevima, što se događa u različitim fazama, počevši od faze rasta određene biljke, berbe do skladištenja. U svijetu spektar djelovanja u slučaju ovih toksina i općenito njihova značajna otpornost na visoke temperature učestalo dovode do prisutnosti mikotoksina u hrani što predstavlja ozbiljnu prijetnju za zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Mikotoksini nisu bitni za normalan rast i reprodukciju plijesni, ali su sposobni uzrokovati biokemijske, fiziološke i patološke promjene kod mnogih vrsta. Štetni učinci mikotoksina uočeni kod ljudi i životinja uključuju karcinogenost, teratogenost, imunološku toksičnost, neurotoksičnost, hepatotoksičnost, nefrotoksičnost, reproduktivnu i razvojnu toksičnost, probavne smetnje i dr. Cilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti pojavnost najznačajnijih mikotoksina u tržišno najzastupljenijim vrstama žitarica, koje su na području Hrvatske uzorkovane tijekom trogodišnjeg razdoblja (2019. – 2021.).
- Published
- 2022
17. Počeci pivarstva
- Author
-
Zovko, Maja and Mastanjević, Kristina
- Subjects
cereals ,žitarice ,drevni Egipat ,arheologija ,škrobne granule ,kvasac ,fermentacija ,archaeology ,yeast ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology ,starch granules ,fermentation ,ancient Egypt - Abstract
Temeljni je zadatak ovoga rada prikazati razvoj piva kroz povijest, procese njegove proizvodnje te kulture drevnih naroda. Pivo, kao napitak, i sama proizvodnja istoga sežu u daleku povijest. Još u drevnom Egiptu pivo je bilo osnovna hrana te je, stoga, bilo važno u raznim aspektima života. Naime, jako se malo zna o drevnoj proizvodnji piva. Poznato je kako žitarice imaju ključnu ulogu kod proizvodnje piva i da se, nakon žetve, moraju pretvoriti u slatku tekućinu poznatu kao sladovina. Od žitarica, utvrđeno je da su se koristile pšenica (dvozrni pir) i ječam za kuhanje piva, no malo je dokaza kako bi se utvrdilo koja je imala prednost pri kuhanju piva. Tražene informacije o samom procesu sačuvane su u mikrostrukturi škrobnih granula jer je poznato da mijenjaju svoju strukturu ovisno o uvjetima u kojim se nalaze. Također, uz stanice kvasca, u arheološkim nalazima, pronađene su bakterije mliječne kiseline. Tijekom fermentacije kvasac koristi maltozu kao hranu, a proces fermentacije rezultirat će alkoholom, ako su ispunjena dva uvjeta: medij za fermentaciju mora biti i kiseo i anaeroban (bez kisika). Stoga, u ovome radu pobliže će se objasniti samo otkriće alkoholnog napitka, kao i sam proces proizvodnje piva u povijesti. The main task of this paper is to show the development of beer through the history, its process of the production and antient cultures. Beer as a beverage and the production of beer itself goes back to an ancient history. Even in ancient Egypt, beer was a staple food and very important in various aspects of life, but very little is known about the ancient beer production. Cereals played a key role in the production of beer, and after harvest, the cereals turn into a sweet liquid, known as wort. It was found that cereals that had been used were mostly emmer wheat and barley for brewing beer, but there are little evidence to determine which had an advantage for usage in brewing. The requested information about the process itself is saved in microstructure of starch granules because it is known that they change their structure depending on the conditions in which they are located. In archaeological finds, yeast cells, as well as lactic acid bacteria, were also located. During fermentation, yeast uses maltose for growth and the process of fermentation results in alcohol if two other conditions are met: a fermentation medium must be acidic and anaerobic (without oxygen). Therefore, this work will explain in more details about the discovery of alcoholic beverages and the process of beer production throughout the history.
- Published
- 2022
18. Isolation and identification of moulds from cereals from the territory of the Republic of Croatia
- Author
-
Uzelac, Tamara and Markov, Ksenija
- Subjects
molds ,žitarice ,identifikacija ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Biotehnologija ,plijesni ,identification ,izolacija ,isolation ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Biotechnology ,grains - Abstract
Plijesni su velika skupina mikroorganizama koje pripadaju carstvu Gljiva, a u prirodi su naširoko rasprostranjene u obliku aktivno živućih vegetativnih tijela ili u obliku spora. Općenito, dijele se na plijesni s polja, plijesni u skladištu, te plijesni uznapredovalog kvarenja. Žitarice su jedan od najvažnijih poljoprivrednih proizvoda u svijetu, a kvarenje žitarica najčešće je uzrokovano neučinkovitim sušenjem, što pogoduje rastu plijesni i može rezultirati povećanom razinom mikotoksina. Izolacija i identifikacija plijesni kultiviranjem, ključni su postupci za identifikaciju plijesni koje su prirodno prisutne u/na raznim sirovinama, pa tako i žitaricama. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio izolirati i identificirati plijesni u uzorcima žitarica (pšenica, kukuruz i ječam) s područja Sjeverne, Istočne i Središnje Hrvatske, odrediti broj kolonija plijesni i ustvrditi koji je rod plijesni najzastupljeniji kako na pojedinoj žitarici tako i u pojedinoj regiji. Molds are large group of microorganisms that belong to the Fungus kingdom and in nature they are widespread in the form of actively vegetative bodies or in the form of spores. In general, they are divided into field fungi, storage fungi and advanced spoilage fungi. Cereals are one of the most important agricultural products worldwide, and their spoilage is most often caused by inefficient drying, which favors mold growth and can result in increased levels of mycotoxins. Isolation by cultivation and mold identification by microscopy are classified as key processes for the accurate identification of molds naturally present in/on food products including cereals. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify molds in cereal samples (wheat, corn and barley) from Northern, Eastern and Central Croatia, determine the number of grown mold colonies but also to see which genus of mold is most prevalent in individual region.
- Published
- 2021
19. Sustainability of backery products with high moisture content with the addition of medicinal and spicy herbs
- Subjects
testane kore ,pekarski proizvodi ,aktvnost vode ,cereal ,bakery products ,žitarice ,brašna ,održivost ,antifungal activity of essential oils ,antifungalna aktivnost etarskih ulja ,phylo pastri ,molds ,water activity ,plesni ,sustainbility ,flours - Abstract
Predmet doktorske disertacije obuhvata ispitivanje uticaja etarskih ulja lekovitih i začinskih biljaka (mente, kima i ruzmarina) na rast plesni izolovanih iz različitih žitarica i njihovih mlinskih proizvoda, kao i na mikrobiološku ispravnost i održivost testanih kora sa dodatkom 10% integralnog pšeničnog, heljdinog kukuruznog brašna.Utvrđen je stepen kontaminacije plesnima pšenice, heljde i kukuruza, pšeničnog brašna tip 500, pšeničnog integralnog brašna, heljdinog integralnog brašna i kukuruznog integralnog brašna koja su korišćena za proizvodnju testanih kora. Iz uzoraka pšenice, kukuruza i heljde najčešće su izolovane plesni iz roda Fusarium (100%), zatim iz roda Alternaria, Cladosporium i Penicillium (67%) i roda Aspergillus, Rhizopus i Scopulariopsis (33%). Najveću rasprostranjenost u brašnima žitarica imao je rod Penicillium (100%), zatim Aspergillus, Cladosporium i Fusarium (75%). Najzastupljenija vrsta bila je P. aurantiogriseum (100%), zatim C. cladosporioides sa zastupljenošću od 75%.Glavne komponente etarskog ulja mente bile su mentol, menton i mentilacetat, kima karvon i limonen, a ruzmarina 1,8-cineol, kamfor, α-pinen i β-pinen. Etarska ulja mente, kima i ruzmarina pokazala su antifungalnu aktivnost prema svim testiranim izolatima plesni (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. expansum i P. oxalicum). Vrednosti MIC i MFC ukazale su da su etarska ulja mente i kima bila mnogo efikasnija u inhibiciji rasta plesni u odnosu na etarsko ulje ruzmarina.Polazeći od osnovnog sirovinskog sastava testanih kora, deo pšeničnog brašna tip 500 zamenjen je integralnim pšeničnim heljdinim integralnim i kukuruznim brašnom u količini od 10%. Količine etarskih ulja za ispitivanje antifungalne zaštite testanih kora utvrđene su na osnovu dobijenih rezultata antifungalne aktivnosti etarskih ulja na odabrane vrste plesni za vrednosti 0,5 MIC, 1 MIC i 1,5 MIC. Testane kore su skladištene i ispitivane prema sledećoj dinamici: 0, 5, 7, 14 i 21 dan skladištenja na temperaturi od 8°C. Ispitivanja testanih kora su obuhvatila mikološka, fizičko-hemijska i senzorska ispitivanja. Mikopopulacija uzoraka testanih kora od pšenišnog brašna tip 500 i testanih kora sa dodatkom pšeničnog integralnog, heljdinog integralnog i kukuruznog integralnog brašna, bez dodatka etarskog ulja, svrstana je u 5 rodova (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium i Rhizopus) i 9 vrsta. Najčešće izolovani iz uzoraka testanih kora su rodovi Cladosporium i Penicillium koji su bili utvrđeni u svim uzorcima sa učestalošću od 100%. Najzastupljenije vrste sa 100% učestalosti pojavljivanja bile su P. aurantiogriseum i C. cladosporioides. Za sve uzorke testanih kora utvrđeno je da je etarsko ulje kima u koncentracijama od 0,17% i 0,255% nakon 14 dana skladištenja ispoljilo veoma dobra inhibitorna svojstva, što je rezultiralo smanjenjem ukupnog broja plesni i jednom izolovanom vrste P. aurantiogriseum. Rezultati deskriptivne metode senzorske ocene testanih kora pokazali su najveće razlike uočene u pogledu intenziteta i ujednačenosti boje. Uzorci testanih kora se zanačajno se razlikuju po aromi koja je najintenzivnija kod testanih kore sa dodatkom 10% pšeničnog integralnog brašna. Rezultati diskriminatornog testa potvrdili da postoje značajne razlike u intenzitetu mirisa testanih kora pri višim koncentracijama dodatog etarskog ulja. Najvećim razlikama je doprineo dodatak etarskog ulja ruzmarina, a najmanje kima. Minimalne prome mirisa utvrđene su kod testanih kora proizvedenih sa dodatkom 10% pšeničnog integralnog brašna Fizičko-hemijska svojstva (aw vrednost, količina vode, stepen kiselosti) uzoraka testanih kora su se menjala tokom skladištenja.Na osnovu ciljeva doktorske disertacije, izvršenih ispitivanja i postignutih rezultata može se zaključiti da su ispitivana etarska ulja, kao i odabrane koncentracije doprineli produženju održivosti pekarskog proizvoda-testanih kora. Primenom etarskog ulja kima u koncentracijama od 0,17% i 0,255% moguće je skladištiti testane kore u periodu do 14 dana pri temperaturi od 8°C, pri čemu su senzorski najprihvatljivije testane kore sa 10% pšeničnog integralnog brašna., The subject of the doctoral thesis contains research of the influence of medicinal and spice plants essential oils to the growth of molds isolated from various cereals and flours, the development of phyllo dough with the addition of examining cereal flour and essential oils, also as microbiological research of dough stability.Degree of mold contamination of wheat, buckwheat and corn, wheat flour T-500, whole grain wheat flour, whole grain buckwheat flour and whole grain corn flour, which are used for phyllo dough production was determined. From the samples of wheat, corn and buckwheat the most frequent isolated molds were from the genus Fusarium (100%), followed by Alternaria, Cladosporium and Penicillium (67%) and Aspergillus, Rhizopus andScopulariopsis (33%). Penicillium (100%), Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Fusarium (75%), have shown the largest distribution in cereal flours. The most frequent species were P. aurantiogriseum (100%), and C. cladosporioides with the frequency of 75%.The major components of mint essential oils were mint, menthone and menthyl acetate. The major components of caraway essential oils were carvone and limonene. The major components of rosemary essential oils were 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene and β-pinene. Essential oil of mint, caraway and rosemary have shown antifungal activity towards all tested isolates (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides,Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. expansum, and P. oxalicum). MIC and MFC values have indicated that essential mint and caraway oils were much efficient in mold growth inhibition in comparison to rosemary essential oil.Starting with the basic ingredients content of phyllo dough, the part of wheat flour T-500 was replaced with whole grain wheat flour, whole grain buckwheat flour, and whole grain corn flour in quantity of 10%. Essential oil quantities for research of phyllo dough antifungal protection were determined on the basis of essential oil antifungal activities results of selected species for the values 0,5 MIC, 1 MIC and 1,5 MIC. Phyllo doughs were stored and researched by the following dynamics: 0, 5, 7, 14 and 21 day of storing at 8°C. Researches of phyllo dough were contained: mycological researches, physico-chemical and sensory researches. Mycopopulation of the phyllo dough samples with wheat flour T-500 and phyllo dough with the addition of whole grain wheat flour, whole grain buckwheat flour and whole grain corn flour, without the addition of essential oil, was classified into 5 genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus) and 9 species. Among phyllo dough samples, the most frequent isolated generaCladosporium and Penicillium were detected in all samples with the frequency of 100%. Most represented species with the appearance frequency of 100% were P. aurantiogriseum and C. Cladosporioides. For the all samples of phyllo dough was determined that caraway essential oil concentrations of 0,17% and 0,255% after 14 days of storing have shown very good inhibitory abilities, which resulted with decrease of the total number of molds and one isolated species P. aurantiogriseum. Results of descriptive method of phyllo dough sensorial analyses have shown the biggest differences, spotted in the intensity and color uniformity of phyllo dough. Samples of phyllo dough were significantly different in cereal aroma, whereas, the phyllo dough with the addition of 10% whole grain wheat was with the most intense aroma. Results of discriminatory tests have shown that the differences in the aroma intensity were significant in higher concentration of added essential oil. The addition of rosemary essential oil has affected the highest differences, while the caraway essential oil has affected the lowest differences. The lowest aroma intensity variations were determined in phyllo dough with the addition of 10% whole grain wheat flour. Physico-chemical abilities (aw value, moisture content, acid number) of the phyllo dough samples have changed during the storing period.On the basis of doctoral thesis aims, conducted research and obtained results, it could be concluded that examined essential oils, also as selected concentrations, were contributed to the shelf life prolongation of the bakery products – phyllo dough pastry. By application of caraway essential oil in concentrations of 0,17% and 0,255% it's possible to store phyllo dough pastry up to 14 days at the temperature of 8°C, whereas, by following sensory characteristics the most acceptable phyllo dough pastry were with the addition of 10% whole grain wheat flour.
- Published
- 2021
20. Stanje i perspektiva proizvodnje žitarica i uljarica u Republici Hrvatskoj
- Author
-
Ivana Varga, David Kranjac, Manda Antunović, Vladimir Zebec, Dario Iljkić, Mirta Rastija, and Vlado Kovačević
- Subjects
poljoprivredne površine ,žitarice ,uljarice ,cijene ,neto izvoz ,agricultural area ,cereals ,oil crops ,prices ,net exports - Abstract
Poljoprivredna proizvodnja u Hrvatskoj, općenito, ima važan značaj pri čemu biljna proizvodnja čini više od 50% ukupne poljoprivredne bruto proizvodnje. Najveću ulogu imaju žitarice i uljarice čija proizvodnja dominira u Panonskoj regiji s naglaskom na njen istočni dio. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati zasijane površine, ostvarenu proizvodnju i vanjskotrgovinsku razmjenu kukuruza, pšenice, ječma, soje, suncokreta i uljane repice tijekom petnaestogodišnjeg razdoblja (2003. - 2017.) u Hrvatskoj. Od ukupnih obradivih površina u analiziranom razdoblju žitarice (kukuruz, pšenica i ječam) zauzimaju oko 60% obradivih površina, a uljarice (soja, suncokret i uljana repica) oko 13%. Analizom podataka utvrđen je trend smanjenja površina pod žitaricama, naročito kukuruza, dok su uljarice pokazale trend rasta pri čemu su površine soje i uljane repice u zadnje tri godine gotovo udvostručene. Pristupanje Republike Hrvatske jedinstvenom tržištu Europske unije pozitivno je utjecalo na povećanje neto izvoza žitarica i uljarica. Prosječni volumen neto izvoza žitarica i uljarica za pet godina članstva u EU se više nego utrostručio u odnosu na prosjek predpristupnog perioda promatranog od 2003. do 2013. godine. Domaće cijene žitarica i uljarica prate trendove cijena na jedinstvenom tržištu uz stabilan razvoj nakon ulaska Hrvatske u Europsku uniju., Agricultural production in Croatia has great significance whereby plant production makes more than 50% of total agricultural gross production. The most important role have cereals and oilseeds crops whose pro- duction dominates in the Pannonian region with an emphasis on its eastern part. Aim of this study was to shown harvested area, production and foreign trade of six most important field crops during fifteen-year period (2003 – 2017)in Croatia. During analysed period cereals (maize, wheat and barley) occupies about 60 % while oilseed crops (soybean, sunflower and rapeseed) about 13% of total arable land. Analysis of the data showed a trend of decline in cereal’s harvested area, especially for maize, while oilseeds showed a growth trend. Soybean and rapeseed areas almost doubled in the last three years. The accession of the Republic of Croatia to the unique European Union market has had a positive effect on the increase in net exports of cere- als and oilseeds. The average volume of net exports of cereals and oilseeds for five years of EU membership has more than tripled compared to the average of the pre-accession period observed from 2003 to 2013. Domestic prices of cereals and oilseeds follow price trends on the Single Market with stabile development after Croatia joins the European Union.
- Published
- 2019
21. Fuzarijski mikotoksini u hrani i hrani za životinje.
- Author
-
Pleadin, Jelka, Frece, Jadranka, Vasilj, Višnja, and Markov, Ksenija
- Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins, predominately zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins and T-2 toxin, are common contaminants of food and feed, mainly cereals and their products. Fusarium mycotoxin contamination of food can cause a number of acute and chronic toxic effects in humans and animals. The level of pollution authority-is on many factors, starting another on the field and it is possible at all stages of food production “from farm to fork”, including storage, and this varies according to geographical area and climatic conditions. To some extent, the presence of small quantities of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals and related food products is inevitable and it is of great importance for the protection of the public health establishment of guidelines and provisions of the legislation and risk assessment at the level of each country. In order to prevent pollution and negative effects on human and animal health, as well as economic losses in the food and livestock industry, appropriate preventive measures are of high significance. In case of significant pollution, there is a need for application of effective methods in their reduction and decontamination, with systematic control of levels of fusarium mycotoxins and use of modern analytical methods in their detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
22. The influence of nutrition, type and location on the fatty acid composition of hepatopankreas in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
- Author
-
Sonja Sinković, Eva Tuksar, Krešimir Severin, Jozo Grbavac, and Tomislav Mašek
- Subjects
common carp ,lines of common carp ,feeding ,formulated feed ,grains ,hepatopancreas ,fatty acids ,šaran ,oblici šarana ,hranidba ,komercijalne pelete ,žitarice ,hepatopankreas ,masne kiseline - Abstract
Svrha istraživanja bila je utvrditi na koji način hranidba, tip šarana i mjesto uzgoja utječu na sastav masnih kiselina šarana, a time i na kvalitetu šarana kao proizvoda za konzumaciju. U istraživanju su korišteni uzorci hepatopankreasa šarana hranjenih: a) komercijalnom peletiranom hranom (komercijalna peletirana hrana) i b) kombinacijom žitarica i prirodno prisutne hrane (zooplankton, zoobenthos, fitoplankton i više vodeno bilje), te s dvije lokacije: a) Jastrebarsko (ribnjačarski i riječni tip) i b) Draganići (ribnjačarski tip). Sastav masnih kiselina određen je metodom plinske kromatografije. Promatrane varijable znatno su utjecale na sastav masnih kiselina. Najznačajnije razlike bile su vidljive kod riječnog tipa šarana hranjenog prirodnom hranom i žitaricama koji je imao najniže koncentracije višestruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina i više razine jednostruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina. Prema rezultatima istraživanja može se zaključiti kako kombinacije istraživanih varijabli mogu znatno promijeniti masnokiselinski sastav šarana što se potencijalno može iskoristiti u uzgajalištima za dobivanje kvalitetnijeg sastava mesa šarana., The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of nutrition, carp type and location on the fatty acid profile of the carp, and on the meat quality for human consumption. Samples of the hepatopancreas were used from carp fed with: a) commercial pellets, b) grain and natural food. Samples from carp from two different locations were also used: a) Jastrebarsko and b) Draganići. The fatty acid profile was determined using gas chromatography. The variables studied had a significant influence on the fatty acid profile. The most significant differences were visible in the wild type fed with natural food and grain as a supplement. These carp had the lowest concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the highest concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids. On the basis of our findings we may conclude that the investigated variables could significantly influence the fatty acid profile of carp and this may be used to obtain higher quality carp meat for human consumption.
- Published
- 2021
23. Brojnost i vrste štetnika iz reda Coleoptera na uskladištenim žitaricama, mahunarkama i uljaricama u objektima pokušališta Šašinovečki Lug
- Author
-
Smiljčić, Anamarija
- Subjects
uskladišteni proizvodi ,štete ,skladište ,štetna entomofauna ,Coleoptera ,žitarice ,mahunarke ,fizikalna svojstva - Abstract
Od davnina ljudi su tražili način da proizvedeni poljoprivredni proizvod pravilno i kvalitetno sačuvaju od trenutka berbe do trenutka uporabe. Napretkom tehnologije, znanja i vještina, uskladištenje poljoprivrednih proizvoda postalo je krajnja operacija u procesu proizvodnje kojoj je nužno pristupiti pravilno. Odluke koje donosi čovjek najbitniji su faktor uskladištenja te i najmanja greška može dovesti do gubitka kvalitete i kvantitete. Samo ispravno izrađena i pripremljena skladišta, optimalni uvjeti skladištenja robe, te stalna kontrola uskladištene mase mogu postići krajnji cilj skladištenje bez gubitka kvalitete i kvantitete. Uskladištene proizvode napadaju brojne vrste kukaca, nekoliko vrsta grinja, glodavci i ptice. Najznačajniji od svih su kukci. Neke vrste mogu oštećivati neoštećeno zrnje, to su primarne štetnici, dok druge vrste oštećuju već ranije oštećeno zrnje od primarnih štetnika ili mehaničkih oštećenja (npr. lom zrna pri kombajniranju). To su sekundarni štetnici. Neki od najvažnijih primarnih i sekundarnih štetnika uskladištenih poljoprivrednih proizvoda pripadaju redu Coleoptera. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je pregledom literature opisati vrste skladišnih štetnika koji pričinjavaju problem skladištenju zrnatih poljoprivrednih proizvoda (posebno žitarica, uljarica i mahunarki) u Hrvatskoj te je cilj rada bio u šestomjesečnom razdoblju skladištenja utvrditi brojnost i vrste štetne entomofaune iz reda Coleoptera skladišnih prostora na pokušalištu Šašinovečki Lug kao i fizikalno stanje uskladištenih kultura. Analizirana su fizikalna svojstva (vlaga, težina i hektolitarska masa) zrna 14 poljoprivrednih kultura te je pregledima neposredno i nakon inkubacije utvrđena prisutost štetne entomofaune iz reda Coleoptera. Kornjaši su determinirani do vrste. Rezultati fizikalnih svojstava zrna ukazuju na problem vlage u skladištu pokušališta Šašinovečki Lug, koji dovodi do lošeg stanja zrna te predstavlja povoljne uvjete za razvoj štetne entomofaune. U istraživanju je ukupno pregledano 336 uzoraka te je utvrđen 3751 kukac neposredno nakon uzorkovanja te dodatnih 3529 kukaca nakon perioda inkubacije. U pregledu nakon uzorkovanja bilo je više pripadnika reda Coleoptera (69 %) dok je nakon inkubacije bilo više pripadnika reda Lepidoptera (79 %). Determinacijom je utvrđeno 10 vrsti reda Coleoptera od čega su najbrojnije bile Bruchus pisorum (graškov žižak), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (surinamski brašnar) te Sitophilus granarius (žitni žižak).
- Published
- 2021
24. Prisutnost glutena u hrani i njegov utjecaj na zdravlje
- Author
-
Arapović, Martina
- Subjects
gluten ,bjelančevine ,žitarice ,soja ,proizvodi ,bolesti ,alergeni ,kontrola označavanja - Abstract
Gluten je sveprisutna bjelančevina i deklarirani alergen, kako u žitaricama, tako i u proizvodima od istih pa sve do mesnih proizvoda. Nalazi se u kemijskom sastavu žitarica, izuzev heljde, riže i kukuruza. U mesne proizvode dodaje se kao aditiv budući da je jeftin, a povećava količinu ukupnih bjelančevina. Gluten je, danas, sve veći uzročnih upalnih stanja i raznih bolesti pa tako i sam uzrokuje bolesno stanje, tzv. celijakiju. Vrlo je važno deklarirati prisutnost glutena te osvijestiti potrošače o mogućoj prisutnosti ovog alergena u hrani u cilju sprječavanja moguće reakcije ukoliko je osoba alergična ili intolerantna na ovaj sastojak, odnosno boluje od celijakije.
- Published
- 2021
25. Prehranski miti
- Subjects
udc:613.2(082)(0.034.2) ,mleko ,žitarice ,holesterol ,gluten ,celiakija ,veganstvo ,meso ,ketogena dieta ,post - Abstract
Na simpoziju se bodo profesorji Biotehniške fakultete ter njihovi zunanji sodelavci dotaknili najpogostejših mitov o mleku, mesu, veganstvu, pšenici in glutenu, holesterolu, rastlinskih živilih ter postu.
- Published
- 2020
26. NEVARNOSTI SUHIH SIPKIH TOVOROV
- Author
-
Starc, Andrej and Suban, Valter
- Subjects
Dangers of dry bulk cargo ,žitarice ,liquefaction ,likvefakcija tovora ,pesticides ,nevarnosti suhega sipkega tovora ,grain cargo ,prah ,poškodbe trupa ,stabilnost ladje ,ship’s stability ,pesticidi ,dust ,hull damages - Abstract
Danes se v pomorstvu prevaža ogromno število različnih tovorov. Diplomska naloga se bo osredotočila le na suhe sipke tovore. Ti veljajo za ene izmed najnevarnejših, saj je statistično gledano največ pomorščakov izgubilo svoja življenja pri prevozu le-teh. Suhi sipki tovori lahko ogrožajo varnost ladje in posadke posredno ali neposredno. Iz neposrednega vidika se ladja lahko potopi in pomorščaki izgubijo življenje ravno zaradi določenih kemičnih in fizikalnih lastnosti tovora med prevažanjem. Eden izmed pogostejših vzrokov za katastrofalen izid je likvefakcija tovora. Zaradi prevelike vsebnosti vlage tovora se v skladišču pojavijo velike količine vode, ki so glavni razlog za potopitev ladij. Pri kemičnih procesih so skoraj vsi pojavi neposredno povezani s smrtjo ali zastrupitvijo pomorščakov. Ker se namreč prevažajo taki tovori, ki nase vežejo kisik in se pojavi visoka možnost zadušitve. Eksplozivna atmosfera v skladišču je zelo pogosta pri transportu suhih sipkih tovorov, samovžig je zelo pogost pojav, pesticidna sredstva pri prevozu žitaric ustvarjajo toksično atmosfero, ki je vzela življenja mnogih pomorščakov in nekatera so se celo prepovedala zaradi zelo visokih toksičnih koncentracij, itd. Posredne nevarnosti so tudi zelo prisotne v pomorščakovih življenjih. Najpogostejša je prah. Ta je skoraj vedno prisoten. Prah nima enakih lastnosti pri različnih tovorih, a v kodeksu IMSBC je točno predpisano, koliko časa je lahko delavec izpostavljen prašnemu okolju. Daljša izpostavljenost prahu lahko privede do akutnih ali kroničnih obolenj ali pa celo alergij. Njegovo prisotnost je zelo lahko omejiti, zato se po celem svetu izvajajo ukrepi, s katerimi se zmanjša prisotnost prahu v okolici. Ostale fizikalne posredne nevarnosti se nanašajo na poškodbo ladijske konstrukcije zaradi napačnega natovarjanja zelo težkih tovorov. Stabilnost je treba imeti stalno pod nadzorom, saj premikanje tovora v skladišču predstavlja resno grožnjo dinamični stabilnosti. Tipičen primer premikanja tovora predstavljajo žitarice, ki predstavljajo veliko nevarnost z vidika stabilnosti, zaradi katerih je bilo treba narediti ločeno zakonodajo glede ravnanja izračunanja stabilnosti. Naloga se bo tudi osredotočila na računanje stabilnosti, kjer bodo prikazani primeri, ki se dogajajo v resničnem življenju. Ostale nevarnosti predstavljajo tudi delo na višini, utrujenost ladijskega materiala zaradi dotrajanosti in napačnega krcanja tovora, napačno ravnanje s tovorom med prevozom, poškodbe tovora in ostalo. Nowadays, a large number of different cargoes are carried in maritime transport. The diploma thesis will focus only on dry bulk cargo. These are considered to be one of the most dangerous because, statistically, most seafarers have lost their lives in transporting them. Dry bulk cargo can endanger the safety of the ship and its crew, directly or indirectly. From a direct point of view, a ship may sink, and seafarers lose their lives precisely because of certain chemical and physical characteristics of the cargo during transport. One of the more common causes of a catastrophic outcome is cargo liquefaction. Due to the excess moisture content of the cargo, large quantities of water appear in the cargo hold, the main reason for the sinking of ships. In chemical processes, almost all phenomena are directly related to the death or poisoning of seafarers. Namely, such cargoes, which reduce oxygen levels, present a high possibility of suffocation, explosive atmosphere in the cargo hold is very common in the transport of dry bulk cargoes, spontaneous combustion is a very common occurrence, pesticides in the transport of grain cargo create a toxic atmosphere that has killed many seafarers and some pesticides have even been banned because of very high toxic concentrations, etc. Indirect dangers are also very present in seafarer's lives. The most common is dust. This one is almost always present. Dust does not have the same properties when transporting different cargoes, but the IMSBC Code specifies how long a worker may be exposed to a dusty environment. High dust exposure can lead to acute or chronic illnesses or even allergies. Its presence is very easy to limit, and measures are being taken around the world to reduce the presence of dust in the surrounding area. Other physical indirect hazards relate to damage to the ship's structure due to incorrect loading of very heavy loads. Stability must be constantly monitored, as the cargo shifting in the cargo holds poses a serious threat to dynamic stability. A typical example of cargo shifting is grain, which pose a high stability risk, which has created separate legislation for handling grains and stability calculations. The diploma thesis will also focus on stability computing, showing examples of what could happen in real life. Other hazards include work at heights, fatigue of the ship's material due to age, incorrect cargo loading, mismanagement of cargo during transportation, damage to cargo and other.
- Published
- 2020
27. Optimizacija metode plamene atomske apsorpcijske spektrofotometrije u svrhu određivanja kalcija u uzorcima žitarica
- Author
-
Vučković, Teo and Jablan, Jasna
- Subjects
kalcij ,cereals ,atomska apsorpcijska spektrofotometrija ,calcium ,žitarice ,atomic absorption spectroscopy ,Atomska apsorpcijska spektrofotometrija, kalcij, žitarice ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy - Abstract
Kalcij je najzastupljeniji mineral u čovjekovom organizmu. Uloga kalcija u ljudskom organizmu je od velike važnosti za normalan metabolizam. Važna je sastavnica kostiju i zubiju, regulira kontrakciju i relaksaciju mišića, funkciju živčanog tkiva, zgrušavanje krvi, utječe na regulaciju krvnog tlaka i provođenje prijenosnih signala živčanog sustava. Eliminira se urinom i fecesom. Ukoliko unos kalcija i apsorpcija iz crijeva ne zadovoljavaju fiziološke potrebe ljudskog organizma, tada se kalcij resorbira iz kostiju, što narušava zdravlje kostiju. Kroničan deficit kalcija dovodi do smanjenja koštane mase, osteoporoze i učestale frakture kostiju. Deficit kalcija moguće je spriječiti korištenjem namirnica obogaćenih kalcijem u svakodnevnoj prehrani. Cilj ovoga rada bila je optimizacija metode plamene atomske apsorpcijske spektrofotometrije u svrhu određivanja kalcija u uzorcima žitarica. Ispitivanja su provedena na atomskom apsorpcijskom spektrofotometru Analyst 800 s deuterijskim korektorom nespecifične površine na valnoj duljini od 422,7 nm. Postojeća metoda je validirana ispitivanjem parametara validacije prema važećim smjernicama. Dobiveni rezultati su pokazali da su izmjerene mase kalcija u uzorcima usporedive s deklariranim masama proizvođača. Metoda se pokazala brzom, jeftinom, pouzdanom i pogodnom za određivanje kalcija u različitim uzorcima žitarica. Calcium is one of the most prevalent elements in the human body. As a such, it plays an important role in normal human metabolism. It is a significant part of human bones and teeth, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, nerve tissue function, blood coagulation, affects high blood pressure regulation, and conducting nerve system transmission signals. It is eliminated by urine and feces. If calcium supply and bowel absorption are not sufficient to satisfy the physiological needs of the human body, then calcium is resorbed from bones, which impairs bones’ health. Chronic calcium deficit leads to bone mass decreasing, osteoporosis and frequent bone fractures. Calcium deficit can be stopped using calcium enriched food daily. The main purpose of this thesis was optimisation of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy due to calcium quantification in cereal samples. Tests were done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer Analyst 800 with non-specific surface deuterium corrector at the wavelength of 422,7 nm. The existing method has been validated by the validation parameter examination. Results show that measured calcium masses in samples are comparable with declared masses. The method proved to be fast, cheap, reliable and appropriate for calcium determination in different cereal samples.
- Published
- 2020
28. Razvoj LC-MS/MS metode za određivanje reguliranih mikotoksina te njihova supojavnost u uzorcima hrvatskih žitarica
- Author
-
Kovač, Marija and Šarkanj, Bojan
- Subjects
validation ,cereals ,myoctoxin co-occurrence ,Production and preservation of solid foodstuffs ,meteorological conditions ,udc:664(043.3) ,žitarice ,vremenski uvjeti ,supojavnost mikotoksina ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija. Inženjerstvo ,validacija ,LC-MS/MS ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology. Engineering ,Proizvodnja i konzerviranje krutih prehrambenih proizvoda - Abstract
Praćenje pojavnosti i supojavnosti mikotoksina, toksičnih sekundarnih metabolita plijesni, neophodno je za utvrđivanje zdravstvene ispravnosti sirovine i/ili proizvoda. U okviru ove doktorske disertacije razvijena je LC-MS/MS multimikotoksinska metoda za istovremeno određivanje 11 zakonodavstvom reguliranih mikotoksina u žitaricama i proizvodima (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, DON, FB1, FB2, ZEA, T-2, HT-2 i OTA) uz minimalnu pripremu uzoraka baziranu na ekstrakciji čvrsto-tekuće smjesom otapala (acetonitril/voda/mravlja kiselina, 79/20/1, v/v/v) te razrjeđivanju sirovog ekstrakta (acetonitril/voda/mravlja kiselina, 20/79/1, v/v/v) prije analize. Prikladnost metode za namjenu je dokazana kroz validaciju metode, pri čemu su ispitane značajke metode zadovoljile zakonski postavljene kriterije prihvatljivosti. Metoda je korištena za analizu 209 uzoraka žitarica (kukuruz, pšenica, ječam, zob, raž i tritikal) žetve 2016. i 2017. iz svih hrvatskih županija. Najčešći pronađeni metaboliti u žitaricama obje godine bili su Fusarium mikotoksini, u prvom redu DON i HT-2. Ukupno 17 uzoraka nije bilo sukladno propisanim vrijednostima za hranu, od čega dva uzorka niti propisanim vrijednostima za hranu za životinje. Čak 50,0% uzoraka žetve 2016. te 33,7% žetve 2017. je bilo kontaminirano s dva ili više regulirana mikotoksina (2016. najčešće DON, FB1, FB2, ZEA, T-2 i HT-2 u kukuruzu, 2017. DON i HT-2 u pšenici te FB1 i FB2 u kukuruzu). Najkontaminiranija žitarica bio je kukuruz u obje godine, s FB1-om kao najzastupljenijim mikotoksinom. Umjerene temperature s razdobljima visoke vlažnosti zraka pogodovale su akumulaciji DON-a u uzorcima pšenice umjesto drugih Fusarium mikotoksina, dok su slični uvjeti pogodovali kontaminaciji kukuruza FUM-om. Monitoring the occurrence and co-occurrence of mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites of toxigenic fungi, is necessary to determine the safety of the raw material and/or products. Within this doctoral dissertation, a multimycotoxin LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 11 regulated mycotoxins in cereals and products (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, DON, FB1, FB2, ZEA, T-2, HT -2 and OTA) was developed. A simple sample preparation was based on solid-liquid extraction using solvent mixture (acetonitrile/water/formic acid, 79/20/1, v/v/v) and dilution of crude extract (acetonitrile/water/formic acid, 20/79/1, v/v/v) before analysis. The fitness of the method for the purpose was proven through the validation of the method, where the tested features of the method met the legally set acceptability criteria. The method was used to analyze 209 cereal samples (maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye and triticale) of 2016 and 2017 harvest from all Croatian counties. The most common metabolites found in cereals in both years were Fusarium mycotoxins, primarily DON and HT-2. A total of 17 samples did not comply with the highest permitted values for food, two of which did not meet the recommended values for animal feed. Out of all investigated samples of 2016 and 2017 harvest, 50.0% and 33.7% of samples respectively, were contaminated with two or more regulated mycotoxins (most frequent in 2016 DON, FB1, FB2, ZEA, T-2 and HT-2 in corn, in 2017 DON and HT-2 in wheat and FB1 and FB2 corn). The most contaminated cereal was maize in both years, with FB1 being the most prevalent mycotoxin. Moderate temperatures with periods of high air humidity favored DON accumulation in wheat samples instead of other Fusarium mycotoxins, while similar conditions favored maize contamination with FUM.
- Published
- 2020
29. Analiza proizvodnje žitarica na OPG-u Mirko Rumbočić u 2018. i 2019. godini
- Author
-
Rumbočić, Ivan, Iljkić, Dario, Rastija, Mirta, and Varga, Ivana
- Subjects
cereals ,family farm Mirko Rumbočić ,žitarice ,agrotehnika ,OPG Mirko Rumbočić ,vremenske prilike ,agrotechnics ,weather conditions - Abstract
Cilj završnog rada bio je analizirati proizvodnju žitarica odnosno prikazati provedene agrotehničke zahvate u proizvodnji kukuruza, pšenice i ječma na OPG-u Mirko Rumbočić tijekom dvogodišnjeg razdoblja (2018.-2019.). OPG je osnovano 2003. godine u Mohovu (Vukovarsko-srijemska županija) i bavi se ratarskom proizvodnjom na 105 ha obradivih površina. Posjeduje odgovarajuće objekte i gotovo svu potrebnu mehanizaciju. Sa stajališta vegetacije kukuruza vremenske prilike su bile povoljne jer su ukupne količine oborina bile na razini ili iznad višegodišnjeg prosjeka uz više prosječne temperature zraka što pogoduje razvoju kukuruza. U pogledu vegetacije ozimih žitarice analizirane godine karakteriziraju više prosječne temperatura zraka i različita količina oborina. Agrotehnika na gospodarstvu obavlja se u skladu sa preporukama struke. Posebna pozornost pridaje se zaštiti ratarskih kultura od bolesti, korova i štetnika jer su to i najčešći uzročnici smanjenja prinosa i kvalitete. Ostvareni prinosi kukuruza su se kretali od 11 do 14 t/ha, pšenice od 6,5 do 7,0 t/ha i ječma od 6,0 do 6,5 t/ha uz različitu količinu vlage zrna između analiziranih godina., The aim of the final work was to analyze the production of cereals and show the implemented agro-technical interventions in the production of corn, wheat and barley on the family farm Mirko Rumbočić during a two-year period (2018-2019). The family farm was founded in 2003 in Mohovo (Vukovar-Srijem County) and is engaged in crop production on 105 ha of arable land. Also, it has the appropriate facilities and almost all the necessary machinery. In the context of maize vegetation period the weather conditions were favorable because the total rainfall was at or above the multi-year average with higher average air temperatures which favors maize development. In terms of winter cereal vegetation, the analyzed years are characterized by higher average air temperatures and different amounts of precipitation. Agrotechnics on the farm is performed in accordance with the recommendations of the profession. Special attention is paid to the protection of field crops from diseases, weeds and pests because these are the most common causes of reduced yields and quality. Realized yields of corn ranged from 11 to 14 t/ha, wheat from 6.5 to 7.0 t/ha and barley from 6.0 to 6.5 t/ha with different amounts of grain moisture between the analyzed years.
- Published
- 2020
30. 22. konferencija 'European Business History Association' (Ancona 6.-8. rujna 2018.) te židovska prisutnost u pomorskoj trgovini žitaricama u 18. stoljeću na sjevernom Jadranu iz 'Hrvatskih pomorskih regesta', I.-III. sv
- Author
-
Brandl, Naida Mihal, Podhraški Čizmek, Zrinka, and Mancuso, Piergabriele
- Subjects
Židovi ,žitarice ,trgovina ,sjeverni Jadran ,18. st ,Hrvatski pomorski regesti ,Codex Maritimus Diplomaticus Croatiae - Abstract
Ovaj osvrt odnosi se na 22. konferenciju „European Business History Association”, održanoj na Sveučilištu u Anconi od 6. do 8. rujna 2018. godine te o suradnji tri istraživača Podhraški Čizmek, Brandl i Mancuso na panelu A Maritime Market: Jewish Enterprises and Grain Trade in Early Modern Europe s radom „Jewish Presence in the Maritime Trade of Grain during the 18th Century in the Adriatic Sea from the Croatian Maritime Regesta, vols. I-III.” Naš je doprinos polazio od analize dokumenata iz tri sveska Hrvatskih pomorskih regesta/Regesti marittimi croati (RMC) Nikole Čolaka: prvi svezak s oko 5.000 regesta tiskan u Padovi 1985. godine ; drugi svezak s oko 7.000 regesta tiskan također u Padovi 1993., a treći svezak sa cca 4.000 regesta uredila je Zrinka Podhraški Čizmek, a objavilo Sveučilište u Splitu 2017. godine. Dokumenti u skraćenom obliku regesta obuhvaćaju razdoblje od 1700. do 1799. godine te potječu iz Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Archivio di Stato di Ancona i Archivio di Stato di Fano. Svih oko 16.000 dokumenata govore o intenzivnom dnevnom i tjednom prometu ne samo unutar Jadranskog mora, već i s mediteranskim trgovačkim lukama, pa čak i s trgovačkim lukama i trgovcima iz sjevernih mora i Atlantika. Panel na kojem smo sudjelovali bio je usredotočen isključivo na promet granaglia: pšenice, ječma, raži i drugih vrsta žitarica, u kojoj su Židovi sudjelovali u 18. stoljeću u različitim ulogama. Rezultati pokazuju 29 dokumenata koji upućuju poglavito na Istru i sjevernojadranske luke.
- Published
- 2020
31. ZEARALENONE CONTAMINATION OF THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AS A RESULT OF ITS PRESENCE IN CROPS.
- Author
-
WAŚKIEWICZ, Agnieszka, GROMADZKA, Karolina, BOCIANOWSKI, Jan, PLUTA, Paulina, and GOLIŃSKI, Piotr
- Subjects
- *
ZEARALENONE , *CROPS , *MYCOTOXINS , *FARM produce - Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a relation between zearalenone contamination of crops in the Polish province of Wielkopolska and its occurrence in aquatic ecosystems close by the crop fields. Water samples were collected from water bodies such as drainage ditches, wells, or watercourses located in four agricultural areas. Moreover, control water samples were collected from the Bogdanka River, which was located outside the agricultural areas and near an urban area. Cereal samples were collected in the harvest season from each agricultural area close to tested water bodies. Zearalenone (ZEA) was found in all water and cereal samples. The highest concentrations were recorded in the postharvest season (September to October) and the lowest in the winter and spring. Mean ZEA concentrations in water ranged between 1.0 ng L-1 and 80.6 ng L-1, and in cereals from 3.72 ng g-1 to 28.97 ng g-1. Our results confirm that mycotoxins are transported to aquatic systems by rainwater through soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Keltska poljoprivreda u severnim i središnjim delovima Balkanskog poluostrva
- Author
-
Medović, Aleksandar, Medović, Aleksandar, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Mikić, Aleksandar, Medović, Aleksandar, Medović, Aleksandar, Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, and Mikić, Aleksandar
- Abstract
Arheobotanička istraživanja makrobiljnih ostataka na arheološkim lokalitetima pružaju uvid u biljnu privredu keltskog kontinentalnog (galskog ili galatskog) plemena Skordiska koje je poslednja tri veka pre nove ere živelo na prostoru oko reka Save, Drave i Dunava. Ratarstvo Skordiska se zasnivalo na proizvodnji žitarica, zrnastih mahunarki i uljarica. Na kraju gvozdenog doba se na dobro obrađenim i intenzivno korišćenim njivama u najvećoj meri uzgajaju ječam, proso, jednozrna pšenica i krupnik. Golozrna meka pšenica se seje na sve većim površinama. Na pojedinim njivama seje se dvozrna pšenica. Nova istraživanja su po prvi put dokazala postojanje vizantijskog ovsa na keltskim oranicama u severnom delu Balkana. Sve češće se pojavljuju i nalazi ugljenisanih zrna raži. Inventar žitarica dopunjuju pojedinačni nalazi italijanskog muhara i verovatno timofejeve pšenice. Žitarice su čuvane u silosima od pletera oblepljenog blatom. Inventar zrnastih mahunarki ne zaostaje po brojnosti u odnosu na žitarice. Uzgajaju se sočivo, grašak, sastrica, bob i urov.
- Published
- 2019
33. Ethnobotanical analysis of plant remains from prehistoric necropolises in Kaptol
- Author
-
Novak, Tamara and Šoštarić, Renata
- Subjects
cereals ,arheobotanika ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,željezno doba ,žitarice ,Iron Age ,karbonizirani makrofosili ,carbonized macrofossils ,arheobotanika, željezno doba, tumul, karbonizirani makrofosili, žitarice ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,tumulus ,tumul ,archaeobotany - Abstract
U ovom su radu analizirani karbonizirani biljni ostaci koji potječu iz tumula XI s arheološkog lokaliteta Kaptol-Čemernica kraj Požege (10 uzoraka ukupne količine 239 litara sedimenta). Lokalitet datira iz starijeg željeznog doba (halštat, Ha C1, početak 7. st. pr. Kr.). Uzorci su prikupljani tijekom 2007. godine. Ukupno je determinirano 2404 biljnih makrofosila koji uključuju sjemenke, pljeve i plodove. Najbrojniji su nalazi žitarica (Triticum aestivum kao najzastupljenija, Triticum dicoccum, Triticum spelta, Avena sativa i Secale cereale). U manjim količinama pronađene su korovne primjese usjeva i korisne samonikle biljke. Makrofosili su pronađeni unutar tumula zajedno sa ulomcima keramike i gara. U radu je napravljena usporedba nalaza tumula XI s ostalim arheobotaničkim nalazima s lokaliteta Kaptol-Gradci te usporedba s ostalim arheološkim lokalitetima halštatskog kulturnog kompleksa u Hrvatskoj. In this paper, carbonized plant remains were analyzed originating from tumulus XI from the archaeological site Kaptol-Čemernica near Požega (10 samples, with a total volume of 239 liters). The locality dates from the Early Iron Age (Hallstatt period, Ha C1, beginning of 7th century BC). Samples were collected during 2007. A total of 2404 plant macro-fossils were identified, including seeds, grains, chaff, and fruits. The most numerous are cereals (Triticum aestivum as the most numerous, Triticum dicoccum, Triticum spelta, Avena sativa and Secale cereale). Weeds of crops and useful wild plants were found in smaller quantities. Macrofossils were found inside the tumulus along with fragments of pottery and charcoal. The paper compares the findings of tumulus XI with other archaeobotanical finds from the Kaptol-Gradci site and a comparison with other archeological sites of the Hallstatt cultural complex in Croatia.
- Published
- 2019
34. Arheobotaničko istraživanje prapovijesne nekropole Volarska glavica u Kaptolu
- Author
-
Bonić-Babić, Renata and Šoštarić, Renata
- Subjects
cereals ,arheobotanika ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,željezno doba ,žitarice ,Iron Age ,karbonizirani makrofosili ,carbonized macrofossils ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,arheobotanika, željezno doba, tumul, karbonizirani makrofosili, žitarice ,tumulus ,tumul ,archaeobotany - Abstract
Analizirani su karbonizirani biljni ostatci iz pet uzoraka ukupne količine 106,5 litara sedimenta iz tumula XI (Volarska glavica) s arheološkog lokaliteta Kaptol-Čemernica kraj Požege. Lokalitet datira iz starijeg željeznog doba (halštat, Ha C1, početak 7. st. pr. Kr.). Izdvojeno je 9966 biljnih makrofosila (sjemenki, pljeva, plodova). Najbrojniji su nalazi žitarica (Triticum aestivum, Triticum dicoccum, Trticium monococcum, Triticum spelta, Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Secale cereale). U manjim količinama pronađene su i korovne primjese usjeva. Biljni ostatci pronađeni su unutar paljevinskog groba zajedno sa ulomcima keramike, kostiju i gara, pa se pretpostavlja da su žitarice bile na lomači s pokojnikom. Usporedba nalaza tumula XI s ostalim arheobotaničkim nalazima s lokaliteta Kaptol-Gradci pokazala je da u većini tumula dominiraju žitarice. Carbonized plant remains from tumulus XI (Volarska glavica) from the archaeological site Kaptol-Čemernica near Požega were analysed (five samples, with a total volume of 106,5 liters. The site dates back to the early Iron Age (Hallstatt, Ha C1, beginning of 7 century BC). A total of 9966 plant macrofossils were examined (seeds, grains, chaff, fruits). The most numerous were cereals (Triticum aestivum, Triticum dicoccum, Trticium monococcum, Triticum spelta, Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Secale cereale). In small quantities were found weeds of crops. The plant remains were found inside the burning chamber along with pottery, bones and charcoal and it is assumed that the cereals were with the deceased on the funeral pyre. A comparison of findings from tumulus XI with findings from other tumuli of Kaptol showed that in most tumuli cereals are predominated.
- Published
- 2019
35. Bakery mixtures and ready made dough for bread and small rolls
- Author
-
Žulj, Senka and Koceva Komlenić, Daliborka
- Subjects
cereals ,mixtures for bakery ,gotove smjese ,žitarice ,mješavine za pekarstvo ,finished mixtures ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology ,improvers ,poboljšivači - Abstract
Mješavine za pekarstvo podrazumijevaju proizvode koji su pripremljeni od mlinskih proizvoda i drugih sastojaka, a namijenjeni su proizvodnji tijesta za kruh, pecivo i druge pekarske proizvode. Često se u proizvodnji mješavina koriste nekrušne žitarice (heljda, proso, kukuruz, ječam, zob), sjemenke uljarice (lan, sezam, suncokret i bundeva) te poboljšivači koji sadrže emulgatore, kiseline, slad, mlijeko u prahu i druge sastojke koji osiguravaju standardnu kvalitetu proizvoda. Mlinski proizvodi koji su osnovni u pripravi mješavina za pekarsku proizvodnju su proizvodi mljevenja pšenice, a ponekad i samo raži. Ti mlinski proizvodi su brašna s različitim udjelima mineralnih tvari (različita tipska brašna) te brašna dobivena mljevenjem cijelog zrna (integralno brašno). Brašna od cijelog zrna sadrže sve sastojke zrna i imaju veće udjele vitamina, mineralnih tvari, masti i enzima u odnosu na brašna različitih tipova. Gotove smjese su namijenjene izradi posebne vrste kruha obogaćenih dodacima da bi se hranjivom vrijednošću približili suvremenim zahtjevima zdrave prehrane. Sadrže nutritivno značajne minerale, vitamine B-kompleksa, vlakna, nezasićene masne kiseline. Smjesama za izradu biološki kvalitetnijeg kruha nisu dodani koncentrati i konzervansi. Upotrebom smjesa dobivamo kruh rahle sredine posebnog izgleda, te volumen jednak volumenu pšeničnog bijelog kruha. Mixtures for bakery include products made from mill products and other ingredients,and they are intended for the production of bread doughs, rolls and other bakery products. Often in the production of blends they use rough cereals (buckwheat, proso, maize, barley, oats), seeds (oilseed, sesame, sunflower and pumpkin) and improvers containing emulsifiers, acids, sweetener, powdered milk and others ingredients that provide standard product quality. Mill products that are basic in the preparation of the mixture for bakery production are products of milled wheat and sometimes fermented rye. These mill products are flour with different proportions of mineral substances (different types of flour) and flour obtained by milling whole grain (integral flour). Whole grain flour contains all grain ingredients and have a higher proportion of vitamins, minerals, fats and enzymes compared to flour of various types. Finished compositions are designed to make special types of bread enriched with supplements to bring nutritional value closer to the contemporary requirements of healthy eating. They contain essential minerals, vitamin B complexes, fibers, unsaturated fatty acids. Concentrates and preservatives weren't added to mixtures for the production of biologically high quality bread. By using a mixture, we obtain the bread with slight middle characteristic appearance, and the volume equal to the volume of wheat white bread.
- Published
- 2018
36. Strength calculation of grain storage silos
- Author
-
Perčinlić, Toni and Skozrit, Ivica
- Subjects
vertikalni silos ,cereals ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Strojarstvo. Opće strojarstvo (konstrukcije) ,žitarice ,vertical silo ,Finite Element Method ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Mechanical Engineering. General Mechanical Engineering (Construction) ,metoda konačnih elemenata ,Abaqus - Abstract
Glavni cilj ovoga rada je provesti numerički proračun vertikalnog silosa za žito koji je svojim dimenzijama i konstrukcijom vrlo sličan realnom silosu. U prvom poglavlju pojašnjavaju se silosi i procesi koji se odvijaju u silosima te se opisuje problem kojega je potrebno riješiti. Prikazan je način na koji su se odredile dimenzije silosa s obzirom na način protoka materijala pri ispuštanju iz silosa. Zatim se objašnjava metoda konačnih elemenata te se govori o elementima koji su se koristili u analizama ovoga rada. Prikazani su verifikacijski primjeri koji su poslužili kao jednostavniji primjeri za rješavanje problematike silosa kako bi se utvrdila ispravnost elemenata potrebnih za analizu samoga silosa. U četvrtom poglavlju, proveden je analitički proračun pojednostavljenog silosa te su rezultati uspoređeni s rezultatima koji su se dobili numeričkim putem. Na kraju se provodi analiza silosa s konstrukcijom koja je bliska realnoj te se daju rezultati analize i uspoređuju sa rezultatima koji su se dobili kod pojednostavljenog silosa. The main goal of this thesis is to carry out a numerical calculation of the vertical grain storage silo, which is, by its dimensions and construction, close to a real silo. In the first chapter, silos and processes that take place in silos are explained as well as the problem that needs to be solved. The method by which the silo dimensions were determined, with respect to the manner of material flow during silo discharge, is shown. In addition, the finite element method as well as the elements that were used in analysis of this thesis are explained. Verification examples that were used as simple examples for silo problematics solving are shown in order to determine correctness of the elements required for silo analysis. In the fourth chapter, an analytical calculation of the simplified silo was performed and the results were compared with the results obtained by numerical method. Finally, an analysis of the silo with construction similar to the real silo is performed and the results of the analysis, as well as the results comparison with the simplified silo, are shown.
- Published
- 2018
37. Toxicogenic mold species
- Author
-
Novosel, Fides and Dujmović, Lidija
- Subjects
cereals ,mikotoksini ,žitarice ,mycotoxins ,mikotoksikoze ,mold ,plijesni ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija ,mycotoxicosis ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology ,stočna hrana ,stern - Abstract
Mikotoksini potječu od gljiva, odnosno od plijesni, uzrokuju mnoge bolesti kako u životinja, tako i u čovjeka. Imaju štetan utjecaj na namirnice, stočnu hranu (krmivo) i ostali organski materijal, ali su isto tako toksični za životinje i čovjeka. Mogu se pronaći u brašnu, žitaricama, stočnoj hrani, mlijeku i mliječnim proizvodima. Glavni rodovi plijesni koji proizvode mikotoksine toksične za ljude su Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Phoma, Diploidia, Alternaria, Claviceps, Pithomyces i Stachybotrys, a prva tri navedena roda su najzastupljenija i od njih potječe najveći broj toksina. Najvažniji mikotoksini koji uzrokuju razne bolesti su: aflatoksini, okratoksini, islanditoksini, luteoskirin, cikloklorotin, sterigmatocistin, grizeofulvin, zearalenon, citrinin, citreomicetin, deoksinivalenol, patulin, penicilinska kiselina, citreoviridin, T-2 toksin. Mycotoxins are derived from fungi, specifically mold, cause many diseases both in animals and in humans. They have harmful impact on groceries, stern and other organic material, but also they are toxic for animals and humans. They can be found in flour, cereals grain, stern, milk an milk products. The main genders of mold which are toxic for humans are: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Phoma, Diploidia, Alternaria, Claviceps, Pithomyces i Stachybotrys, but the first three of them are the most presentative and the largest number of toxins are derived from those three genders. The most important mycotoxins which cause diseases are: aflatoxins, ochratoxins, islanditoxins, luteoskirin, cyclochlorotine, sterigmatocystin, griseofulvin, zearalenone, citrinin, citreomycetin, patulin, penicillic acid, citreoviridin, deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin.
- Published
- 2018
38. Arheobotanical research of the prehistoric site Donja Dolina
- Author
-
Telenta, Nina and Šoštarić, Renata
- Subjects
cereals ,arheobotanika, žitarice, karbonizirani makrofosili, željezno doba, sojenice ,arheobotanika ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,željezno doba ,pile dwellings ,žitarice ,Iron Age ,karbonizirani makrofosili ,carbonized macrofossils ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,sojenice ,archaeobotany - Abstract
U ovom radu analizirani su biljni ostaci koji potječu sa lokaliteta Donja Dolina pokraj Bosanske Gradiške, a datiraju iz starijeg željeznog doba. Ukupno je determinirano 9707 sjemenki, plodova i drugih biljnih ostataka koji su uglavnom pronađeni u karboniziranom stanju. Plodovi korisnih samoniklih vrsta (Cornus mas i Rubus fruticosus) pronađeni su u nekarboniziranom stanju. Najviše je pronađenih ostataka žitarica (Triticum dicoccon, T. spelta, T. monococcum, T. aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Setaria italica) sa čak 91,09 % determiniranih makrofosila. U manjem broju pronađeni su i determinirani ostaci mahunarki, kao i ostaci korisnih samoniklih vrsta te korovnih pratilica usjevima. U radu je napravljena usporedba nalaza iz donjodolinskih sojenica s nalazima ostalih željeznodobnih lokaliteta u Bosni i Hercegovini. Dio životinjskih ostataka determiniran je u suradnji sa Zoologijskim zavodom Biološkog odsjeka Prirodoslovnog-matematičkog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Pronađene kultivirane žitarice i mahunarke najvjerojatnije su se uzgajale u neposrednoj blizini naselja. In this thesis, plant remains are analyzed from archeological site Donja Dolina near Bosanska Gradiška which dates to the Early Iron Age (Hallstatt). In total 9707 seeds, fruits and other plant remains were examined and they were mostly found in the carbonized state. Fruits of useful wild plants (Cornus mas and Rubus fruticosus) were found in noncarbonized state.The cereals (Triticum dicoccon, T. spelta, T. monococcum, T. aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Setaria italica) were the most numerous with 91.09 % of the total number of remains found. Legumes, admixture crops and useful wild plants were found in small quantities. Findings from pile dwellings in Donja Dolina and other similar Iron Age sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina were compared. A part of the animal remains was also determined in cooperation with the Divison of Zoology of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Zagreb. The cultivated cereals and legumes were probably grown in the immediate vicinity of the settlement.
- Published
- 2018
39. Vrste i brojnost štetnika iz reda Lepidoptera u objektima pokušališta Šašinovečki Lug
- Author
-
Šupljika, Maja
- Subjects
Lepidoptera ,mahunarke ,skladište ,štete ,štetna entomofauna ,uskladišteni proizvodi ,žitarice - Abstract
Skladištenjem ratarskih kultura i proizvoda nastoji se uskladištiti proizvod bez gubitka kvalitete i mase, tj. sa što manjim gubitcima. Uvjeti u skladišnim prostorima pogoduju razvoju i razmnožavanju velikom broju štetnika životinjskog podrijetla od koji najveći dio čine kukci koji uzrokuju smanjenje kvalitete proizvoda i hranidbene i tržne vrijednosti. Zbog njihove veličine njihova se prisutnost većinom otkrije tek nakon što dođe do velikog porasta njihove brojnosti, a tada su već učinjene nepovratne štete. Kako bi si smanjile štete, potrebno je pravilno uskladištiti proizvod do trenutka njegove konačne upotrebe. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je tijekom šest mjeseci (studeni 2017. – travanj 2018.) utvrditi stanje (vrijednost vlage, temperature i hektolitarske težine) uskladištenih mahunarki i žitarica te vrste i brojnost štetnika iz reda Lepidoptera u objektima pokušališta Šašinovečki Lug. Analizirana su fizikalna svojstva (vlaga, težina i hektolitarska masa) zrna 12 poljoprivrednih kultura. Uzorci kultura pregledavani su neposredno nakon uzimanja i nakon inkubacije od mjesec dana kako bi se utvrdila moguća prisutnost štetne entomofaune. Entomofauna je determinirana do vrste. Dobiveni rezultati fizikalnih svojstava zrna ukazuju na problem vlage u skladištu pokušališta Šašinovečki Lug, koji dovodi do lošeg stanja zrna te predstavlja povoljne uvjete za razvoj štetne entomofaune. Tijekom istraživanja ukupno je pregledano 288 uzoraka te je utvrđeno 1429 štetnika reda Lepidoptera neposredno nakon uzorkovanja te dodatnih 2523 nakon perioda inkubacije. Utvrđene su samo dvije vrste: Sitotroga cerealella (žitni moljac) i Tineola bisselliella (sukneni moljac). Većinski udio činila je vrsta Sitotroga cerealella. Zbog utvrđene velike brojnosti štetnika potrebno je provesti dezinsekciju. Kako bi se osigurali bolji uvjeti skladištenja potrebno je izvršiti dezinsekciju praznog skladišnog prostora, a nakon prijema robe kontinuiranim uzorkovanjem pratiti vlagu i temperaturu proizvoda, te prisutnost štetne entomofaune kako bi se na vrijeme moglo reagirati te na taj način izbjeći veći gubitci.
- Published
- 2018
40. Robno-prometni tokovi žitarica
- Author
-
Laco, Jure
- Subjects
Robno-prometni tokovi ,Promet ,Žitarice ,Tržište - Abstract
Robno–prometni tokovi su kroz povijest pa sve do danas bili od velike važnosti za poslovanje tržišta diljem svijeta, na nacionalnoj, međunarodnoj i globalnoj razini. Prometni tokovi kao takvi direktno utječu na uvoznu i izvoznu politiku različitih prehrambenih i neprehrambenih proizvoda. Žitarice su prehrambeni proizvod o kojemu ovisi proizvodnja brojnih prehrambenih proizvoda na svjetskoj razini, prvenstveno kruha koji je sastavni dio svakoga kućanstva, a kasnije i proizvoda namijenjenih za sve svrhe. Najpoznatije žitarice su pšenica, kukuruz, riža, ječam, zob i brojne druge, dok su najveće zemlje izvoznice žitarica prvenstveno SAD, Rusija, Indija, Argentina i brojne druge zemlje koje se spominju u samome radu.
- Published
- 2018
41. Bioraznolikost plijesni u žitaricama nakon poplave
- Author
-
Komac, Ivana and Šegvić Klarić, Maja
- Subjects
cereals ,mikotoksini ,Fusarium ,žitarice ,mycotoxins ,plijesni u žitaricama, poplave, mikotoksini, Fusarium, Penicillium, Cladosporium ,plijesni ,Penicillium ,fungi ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Farmacija. Farmacija ,Cladosporium ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Pharmacy. Pharmacy - Abstract
U svibnju 2014. godine područje istočne Hrvatske pogođeno je katastrofalnim poplavama, a najgore je stradalo područje Gunje. Poplavna voda donosi sa sobom fekalije, bakterije i plijesni, utječe na sastav tla na kojem se uzgajaju usjevi, ali i količinu vlage. Zato su 2017. godine prikupljeni uzorci žitarica s područja Gunje i Gornjeg Stupnika kao kontrolne lokacije. Kolonije porasle na odgovarajućim podlogama identificirane su usporedbom njihovih morfoloških svojstava s podacima iz literature. Srednja vrijednost koncentracije plijesni u uzorcima prikupljenima na području Gunje iznosi 5,1 x 105 CFU/g i statistički je značajno veća od srednje vrijednosti u uzorcima s područja Gornjeg Stupnika (7,3 x 103 CFU/g)(p=0,0286). Najbrojnije su bile plijesni rodova Cladosporium, Fusarium i Penicillium. Fusarium je pronađen u svim uzorcima s područja Gunje, Cladosporium samo u uzorcima zobi, a Penicillium u svim uzorcima osim jednog. Rod Fusarium pogotovo je dominantan u uzorcima kukuruza. Na području Gornjeg Stupnika prevladava rod Cladosporium. Rodovi Alternaria, Mucor, te Phoma pronađeni su u izoliranim slučajevima. Rod Aspergillus pronađen je u ukupno 2 uzorka s kontrolne lokacije. Rod Fusarium jedan je od glavnih proizvođača mikotoksina – najviše su to trihoteceni, fumonizini i zearalenon. Kronična izloženost mikotoksinima donosi ozbiljne posljedice po zdravlje ljudi i životinja. In May 2014, catastrophical floods have devastated eastern areas of Croatia, particullarly village Gunja. Flood waters may bring feces, bacteria, and fungi; change composition of soil on which crops are cultivated, but also change moisture levels. For this reason, samples of cereals have been collected from areas of Gunja; and Gornji Stupnik as control. Colonies that grew on appropriate culture media were identified by comparing their morphological features with data from literature. Average concentration of fungi in samples from Gunja is calculated at 5,1 x 105 CFU/g, which is statistically a significant increase compared to average concentration in samples collected in Gornji Stupnik (7,3 x 103 CFU/g)(p=0,0286). Most numerous fungal genera were Cladosporium, Fusarium and Penicillium. Fusarium spp. were found in all the samples collected in Gunja, Cladosporium spp. were found only in oat samples, and Penicillium spp. appeared in all the samples but one. Fusarium spp. were especially dominant in corn. Cladosporium spp. were prevalent at Gornji Stupnik area. Alternaria spp., Mucor spp. and Phoma spp. were found in isolated cases. Aspergillus spp. were found in 2 samples collected at control site. Fusarium genus is one of the main producers of mycotoxins – mostly trichothecens, fumonisins and zearalenone. Chronic exposure to mycotoxins can have a serious impact on human and animal health.
- Published
- 2018
42. Fumonisins production potential of Fusarium verticillioides isolated from Serbian maize and wheat kernels
- Author
-
Krstović, Saša Z., Krstović, Saša Z., Jakšić, Sandra M., Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra, Stanković, Slavica, Janković, Snežana, Jajić, Igor M., Krstović, Saša Z., Krstović, Saša Z., Jakšić, Sandra M., Bočarov-Stančić, Aleksandra, Stanković, Slavica, Janković, Snežana, and Jajić, Igor M.
- Abstract
The production of fumonisins by potentially toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides isolates originating from Serbian maize and wheat kernels was tested in vitro. A total of six F. verticillioides isolates were incubated on yeast extract sucrose medium (YESA) for 4 weeks at 25 °C in the dark. Their toxin production potential was tested by applying a modified HPLC method for determination of fumonisins in cereals, since the TLC method gave no results. Analyses were performed on a HPLC-FLD system after sample extraction from YESA and extract clean-up on a SPE column. Although the isolates were tested for fumonisin B1, B2 and B3, only fumonisin B1 was detected. The results showed that all tested isolates had toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production. The average fumonisin B1 production of the isolates ranged from 7 to 289 µg/kg, thus indicating a highly variable toxigenic potential among the isolates. Isolate 1282 expressed the highest toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production (289 µg/kg), while isolate 2533/A showed a questionable potential for fumonisin production (7 µg/kg)., Proizvodnja fumonizina kod potencijalno toksikogenih Fusarium verticillioides izolata sa zrna kukuruza i pšenice poreklom iz Srbije testiran je in vitro. Ukupno šest izolata F. verticillioides inkubirano je na agarizovanoj podlozi sa ekstraktom kvasca i saharozom (YESA) tokom četiri nedelje, u mraku na 25 °C. Kapaciteti odabranih izolata za proizvodnju toksina detektovani su primenom modifikovane HPLC metode za određivanje fumonizina u zrnu žitarica, jer brza trijažna TLC metoda nije dala pozitivne rezultate. Analiza je izvedena na HPLC-FLD sistemu nakon ekstrakcije uzorka iz YESA kultura izolata i prečišćavanja ekstrakta na SPE koloni. Sve analize su urađene u tri ponavljanja. Iako su izolati F. verticillioides testirani na prisustvo fumonizina B1, B2 i B3, samo je fumonizin B1 bio detektovan. Rezultati su pokazali da svi testirani izolati imaju potencijal u sintezi fumonizina B1. Prosečna vrednost proizvedenog fumonizina B1 kod izolata F. verticillioides kretala se od 7 do 289 µg/kg, što ukazuje na izuzetno varijabilan toksigeni potencijal istih izolata. Izolat označen sa 1282 pokazao je najveći potencijal za biosintezu fumonizina B1 (289 µg/kg), dok je izolat 2533/A ispoljio diskutabilan potencijal za proizvodnju istog fumonizina (7 µg/kg).
- Published
- 2017
43. Properties, composition and nutrition value of cereals
- Author
-
Brašnić, Mato and Koceva Komlenić, Daliborka
- Subjects
cereals ,žitarice ,BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES. Food Technology. Engineering ,sastav žitarica ,prehrambena vrijednost žitarica ,cjelovite žitarice ,prerada žitarica ,BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Prehrambena tehnologija. Inženjerstvo - Abstract
Žitarice su najrasprostranjenije poljoprivredne kulture na svijetu. Obzirom da je njihov značaj kako u prehrani čovjeka tako i u hranidbi stoke izuzetno velik, važno je poznavati morfološka i biološka svojstva žitarica, njihov sastav te mogućnosti prerade koje će u najvećoj mjeri očuvati prehrambene vrijednosti žitarica. U žitarice se ubrajaju: pšenica, raž, ječam, zob, kukuruz, riža, proso, heljda, sirak, krupnik (pir) i pšenoraž (tritikale). U prehrani razlikujemo cjelovite žitarice i njihove proizvode te prerađene (rafinirane) žitarice i njihove proizvode. Cjelovite žitarice kao i njihovi proizvodi sadrže sve dijelove zrna žitarice (ovojnicu, endosperm i klicu). Prilikom prerade žitarica uklanja se klica i najveći dio ovojnice, tako da proizvodi od prerađenih žitarice sadrže u najvećom udjelu endopserm. Preradom se udio određenih nutrijenata smanjuje od 25 do 90 %. Kako se najveći dio prehrambeno vrijednih tvari nalazi u ovojnici i klici, preporuka nutricionista je da barem polovica ukupnih žitarica koje čovjek konzumira budu cjelovite žitarice. Cereals are the most widespread crops in the world. The cereals is had a biggest significance in human and animal nutrition. It is very important to known the morphological and biological properties of cereals, as well as their composition and the processing possibilities for preserved the maximum nutritional value of cereals. The cereals include: wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, millet, buckwheat, sorghum, spelt and triticale. In nutrition are used whole-grain cereals and their products and processed (refined) cereals and their products. Whole-grain cereals as well as their products contained all parts of the cereal grain (bran, endosperm and germ). The germ and the largest part of the bran are removed in processed (refined) cereal grains, so that the products of processed cereals are mainly composed of endosperm. The quantity of certain nutrients is decreased 25 to 90 % by processing. The recommendation in diet is that at least half of the total amount of cereals was consumed as whole-grains because the most of the nutritional valuable substances are in the bran and germ.
- Published
- 2017
44. Prinos i kvaliteta voluminozne krme raznih smjesa ozimih žitarica i mahunarki
- Author
-
Gantner, Ranko, Bukvić, Gordana, Steiner, Zvonimir, Gantner, Vesna, Ronta, Mario, Zimmer, Domagoj, Milošević, Anja, Nikolić, Josip, Vila, Sonja, and Antunović, Zvonko
- Subjects
voluminozna krma ,prinos ,kvaliteta ,žitarice ,mahunarke - Abstract
Cilj rada je usporedno prikazati proizvodnost i kvalitetu voluminozne krme pšenice i alternativnih žitarica u smjesi s mahunarkama u uvjetima istočne Hrvatske. Istraživanje je provedeno poljskim pokusom u 2014./2015. godini. Ispitivane žitarice (ozima pšenica, crna zob, raž i pir) u smjesama s mahunarkama (ozimi grašak i grahorica) pokazale su svoje posebnosti u pogledu ostvarenih prinosa smjese, kvalitete krme, brze porasta prinosa i kompeticije spram pridružene mahunarke.
- Published
- 2017
45. Potencijal za proizvodnju fumonizina kod izolata Fusarium verticillioides sa zrna kukuruza i pšenice iz Srbije
- Author
-
M Snezana Jankovic, Z Sasa Krstovic, M Igor Jajic, M Sandra Jaksic, S Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic, and S Slavica Stankovic
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,Fusarium ,cereals ,žitarice ,toksikogeni potencijal ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Fusarium verticillioides ,040401 food science ,toxigenic potential ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,fumonisin ,chemistry ,Fumonisin ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,fumonizin ,lcsh:Science (General) ,lcsh:Q1-390 ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The production of fumonisins by potentially toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides isolates originating from Serbian maize and wheat kernels was tested in vitro. A total of six F. verticillioides isolates were incubated on yeast extract sucrose medium (YESA) for 4 weeks at 25 °C in the dark. Their toxin production potential was tested by applying a modified HPLC method for determination of fumonisins in cereals, since the TLC method gave no results. Analyses were performed on a HPLC-FLD system after sample extraction from YESA and extract clean-up on a SPE column. Although the isolates were tested for fumonisin B1, B2 and B3, only fumonisin B1 was detected. The results showed that all tested isolates had toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production. The average fumonisin B1 production of the isolates ranged from 7 to 289 µg/kg, thus indicating a highly variable toxigenic potential among the isolates. Isolate 1282 expressed the highest toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production (289 µg/kg), while isolate 2533/A showed a questionable potential for fumonisin production (7 µg/kg). Proizvodnja fumonizina kod potencijalno toksikogenih Fusarium verticillioides izolata sa zrna kukuruza i pšenice poreklom iz Srbije testiran je in vitro. Ukupno šest izolata F. verticillioides inkubirano je na agarizovanoj podlozi sa ekstraktom kvasca i saharozom (YESA) tokom četiri nedelje, u mraku na 25 °C. Kapaciteti odabranih izolata za proizvodnju toksina detektovani su primenom modifikovane HPLC metode za određivanje fumonizina u zrnu žitarica, jer brza trijažna TLC metoda nije dala pozitivne rezultate. Analiza je izvedena na HPLC-FLD sistemu nakon ekstrakcije uzorka iz YESA kultura izolata i prečišćavanja ekstrakta na SPE koloni. Sve analize su urađene u tri ponavljanja. Iako su izolati F. verticillioides testirani na prisustvo fumonizina B1, B2 i B3, samo je fumonizin B1 bio detektovan. Rezultati su pokazali da svi testirani izolati imaju potencijal u sintezi fumonizina B1. Prosečna vrednost proizvedenog fumonizina B1 kod izolata F. verticillioides kretala se od 7 do 289 µg/kg, što ukazuje na izuzetno varijabilan toksigeni potencijal istih izolata. Izolat označen sa 1282 pokazao je najveći potencijal za biosintezu fumonizina B1 (289 µg/kg), dok je izolat 2533/A ispoljio diskutabilan potencijal za proizvodnju istog fumonizina (7 µg/kg).
- Published
- 2017
46. Design of plant and equipment for grain storage
- Author
-
Dizdarević, Alen and Kunica, Zoran
- Subjects
storage ,žitarice ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Strojarstvo ,silos ,projektiranje ,skladište ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Mechanical Engineering ,planning ,grain - Abstract
Ovaj rad daje pregled postupaka, procesa i tehnologija uključenih u postrojenju za proizvodnju i skladištenje žitarica. To može poslužiti kao osnova za projektiranje takvih postrojenja bilo koje veličine, jer daje pregled opreme koja se koristi za željenu namjenu postrojenja. Također, rad nudi uvid i u sam postupak dobivanja svih potrebnih dozvola za gradnju i financiranje postrojenja s obzirom na njihov utjecaj i na vrijeme projektiranja i izgradnje. U radu su obrađeni nedostaci koji se pojavljuju u projektiranju i proizvodnji, te su ponuđena unapređenja: u projektiranju, digitalizacija u vidu točnog i udaljenog snimanja terena te jedinstvene projektne podloge koja će objediniti sva područja; a u proizvodnji, mogućnosti varijantnog projektiranja te uvođenja planiranja proizvodnje i automatizacije. Daljnji razvoj djelatnosti projektiranja ove vrste postrojenja uključuje usku suradnju sudionika u procesu, kako bi se broj iteracija u projektiranju smanjio, a njihovo trajanje skratilo. Ovo zahtijeva primjenu naprednih metoda istodobnog inženjerstva, s točno specificiranim sudionicima, aktivnostima, i uz korištenje softverskih alata u planiranju i projektiranju, što je od posebnog interesa za projektantske urede i njihovu konkurentnost na europskom tržištu. This paper provides an overview of the process and technology involved in the production plant and grain storage. It can serve as a basis for designing plants of any size, because it gives an overview of the equipment used for the desired purpose plant. Also, the work provides insight and the procedure of obtaining all necessary permits for the construction and financing of the plant with regard to their impact on the time of design and construction. The paper deals with the disadvantages that arise in designing and manufacturing, and offers improvements: in the design, digitalization of accurate and remote recording of the terrain and unique design base that will unite all areas; and the production, possibilities of variant design and introduction of production planning and automation. Further development of activities of this kind of plant design involves close cooperation between participants in the process, to the number of iterations in the design reduced and their duration shortened. This requires the application of advanced methods of simultaneous engineering, with exactly specified participants, activities, and the use of software tools in planning and design, which is of particular interest to design offices and their competitiveness on the European market.
- Published
- 2017
47. Pogon za sušenje žitarica poljoprivredni obrt Antun Babojelić
- Author
-
Dmejhal, Zvonimir and Barić, Tomislav
- Subjects
vlaga ,TECHNICAL SCIENCES. Electrical Engineering. Electromechanical Engineering ,temperatura ,žitarice ,asinkroni motor ,izuzimač ,nameplate ,temperature ,asyncchronus motor ,natpisna pločica ,electromotor ,extractor ,moisture ,sušenje ,drying ,drier ,TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI. Elektrotehnika. Elektrostrojarstvo ,grain ,sušara ,elektromotor - Abstract
U završnom radu opisan je postupak sušenja žitarica tj. procesi od njenog ulaza u pogon, prečišćavanja i sušenja do skladištenja. Budući da pogon pokreću asinkroni motori u završnom radu je opisan njihov princip rada te njihova građa. Postupak sušenja odvija se kroz 3 faze jer je zagrijava ili hladi na 3 različite temperature i tek nakon toga skladišti se u silos. Također je opisana i zadaća svakog pojedinog elektromotora u ovom pogonu te je isti popraćen fotografijom te podatcima s natpisne pločice. Osim motora opisani su i neki drugi uređaji koji omogućavaju ispravan rad pogona. In this final paper it is described the process of drying grain respectively process since its entry into operation, purification and drying to storage. Since the drive is run by asynchronous motors in this final paper it is described the principles of their work and their structure. The drying process takes place through three phases becouse grain is the heated or cooled at 3 different temperatures and only after that it is stored in grain tank. It is also described the tasks of each electromotor in the drive and the same is accompanied by a photograph and the data on the nameplate. Except electromotors there are described and other devices that enable proper operation of the drive.
- Published
- 2016
48. Arheobotanički nalazi u grobovima prapovijesnog lokaliteta Kaptol-Gradci kraj Požege
- Author
-
Grbin, Josipa and Šoštarić, Renata
- Subjects
cereals ,arheobotanika ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,željezno doba ,žitarice ,Iron Age ,karbonizirani makrofosili ,tumul ,carbonized macrofossils ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,tumulus ,archeobotany - Abstract
U ovom radu analizirani su karbonizirani biljni ostatci iz tumula 10 s arheološkog lokaliteta Kaptol-Gradci kraj Požege. Lokalitet datira iz starijeg željeznog doba (halštatskog doba, Ha C1, početak 7. st. Pr. Kr.). Iz 27 uzoraka, izdvojeno je 24017 biljnih makrofosila (sjemenki, pšena, pljevi, plodova). Uzorci su prikupljani tijekom 2006. i 2007. godine. Najbrojniji su nalazi žitarica (Triticum aestivum, Triticum dicoccum, Trticium monococcum, Triticum spelta, Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Secale cereale). U manjim količinama pronađene su korovne primjese usjeva i korisne samonikle biljke. Biljni ostatci pronađeni su unutar paljevinskog groba zajedno sa ulomcima keramike i gara. U radu je napravljena usporedba nalaza tumula 10 s ostalim arheobotaničkim nalazima s lokaliteta Kaptol-Gradci i usporedba s ostalim željeznodobnim lokalitetima u Hrvatskoj i susjednim zemljama. In this paper the carbonized plant remains are analyzed from tumulus 10 from archeological site Kaptol-Gradci near Požega. The site dates back to the early Iron Age (Hallstatt era, Ha C1, beginning of 7 century BC). From 27 samples, 24017 plant macrofossils were examined (seeds, millets, chaffs, fruits). Samples were taken in 2006 and 2007 The most numerous were cereals (Triticum aestivum, Triticum dicoccum, Trticium monococcum, Triticum spelta, Avena sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Secale cereale). In small quantities were found weeds admixture crops and useful wild plants. The plant remains were found inside the burning grave along with pottery fragments and traces of soot. In paper was also maid comparation between findings from tumulus 10 and other archeobotanical findings from site Kaptol-Gradci. Also, it was maid comapration with other Iron Age sites in Croatiaandneighboringcountries.
- Published
- 2016
49. Utjecaj padalina na pojavnost mikotoksina u hrvatskim žitaricama u periodu 2012-2015
- Author
-
Brodar, Lidija, Klapec, Tomislav, Šarkanj, Bojan, and Habuda-Stanić, Mirna
- Subjects
food and beverages ,Mikotoksini ,klimatske promjene ,Hrvatska ,žitarice - Abstract
Recent years have seen a lot of attention given to mycotoxins, secondary metabolites of molds with toxic effects in humans and other animals. Climate change is one of the main causes of changes in worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins. In addition to increases of temperature and CO2 levels, rainfall is one of the main factors that affect mould growth. Timing, amount, type and intensity of rainfall influence which moulds will develop on crops, in turn deciding the composition of produced mycotoxins. Dry weather conditions favor growth of Aspergillus species, mainly responsible for aflatoxin production. Increased aflatoxin occurrence was observed in Croatia during 2012 and 2013 due to the below average rainfall during flowering of maize, a period when it is most susceptible to mold contamination. Croatian regions which are the greatest producers of maize were stricken by severe drought. Conversely, higher humidity and rainfall during flowering of cereals and harvesting season escalate occurrence of Fusarium species, known producers of trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 & HT-2 toxins, as well as zearalenone, fumonisins, etc. This scenario with increased rainfall and DON occurrence in cereals was recorded during 2014.
- Published
- 2016
50. Analiza pojavnosti mikotoksina na površinama zasijanim žitaricama u Republici Hrvatskoj od 2011. do 2015
- Author
-
Brodar, Lidija, Šarkanj, Bojan, Soldić, Ana, Kovač, Tihomir, Klapec, Tomislav, and Šimić, Ivan
- Subjects
Republika Hrvatska ,žitarice ,plijesni ,mikotoksini - Abstract
Uslijed klimatskih promjena, stvaraju se uvjeti povoljni za razvoj plijesni na žitaricama, koje osim što uzrokuju smanjenje prinosa, proizvode i mikotoksine. Najznačajniji proizvođači mikotoksina na žitaricama su plijesni vrste Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp. i Claviceps spp., a na njihov rast i razvoj u velikoj mjeri utječu vremenski uvjeti. Tako će se plijesni iz roda Fusarium najviše razvijati za topla vremena s većim količinama padalina, dok će se plijesni roda Aspergillus više razvijati pri povišenim temperaturama prilikom sušnih razdoblja. Usporedbom podataka o obradivim površinama zasijanim pojedinim poljoprivrednim kulturama dobivenih iz Agencije za plaćanje u poljoprivredi, ribarstvu i ruralnom razvoju (APPRRR) te podataka o temperaturama zraka i količini padalina posljednjih pet godina Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda u Republici Hrvatskoj, vidljivo je da vremenski uvjeti, odnosno pojava mikotoksina utječe na vrstu i udio zasijanih žitarica.
- Published
- 2016
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.