Search

Transmedia narrative dan unsur-unsurnya telah berkembang dengan cepat saat ini. Salah satu elemen transmedia yang berkembang adalah karakter fiksi. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bagaimana karakter ini dapat dilihat dari model pembentukan transmedia narrative. Penulis akan menganalisis perluasan karakter fiksi dari elemen world-building transmedia menjadi karakter transmedial melalui prinsip-prinsip hyperdiegesis dan narative braide. Dan salah satu karakter fiksi yang akan diangkat menjadi studi kasusnya adalah Darth Vader dari semesta Star Wars. Penulis akan membedah karakter ini dan menjelaskan perannya di berbagai platform media sebagai bagian dari dunia transmedia. Makalah ini juga akan menunjukkan bagaimana dinamisnya pengembangan karakter dalam transmedia storytelling, dan pengembangan karakter dapat menjadi elemen dalam dunia cerita transmedia, world-building juga dapat menjadi elemen karakter itu sendiri, atau bahkan berkembang dari unsur-unsur world-building dengan menciptakan dunianya sendiri serta melengkapi dunia dari jagat raya cerita utamanya.

Penile adhesions may cause pain, bleeding, disfigurement and distress. In the setting of lichen sclerosus (LS), they often recur but current treatment options are limited. We present a novel surgical technique for treatment of recurrent penile adhesions using sub-coronal buccal mucosal graft (BMG) resurfacing. A retrospective, international multi-institutional study was conducted to include patients with refractory penile adhesions who were treated with this technique. Patients with > 12-month follow-up were included in analysis. The procedure involved circumferential excision of the diseased skin and replacement with a BMG. The primary outcomes were recurrence and surgical complications. Secondary outcomes were patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire and Global Response Assessment (GRA) questionnaire measuring functional and esthetic outcomes. Twenty-five men underwent the procedure across six institutions between 3/2014 and 11/2019. Twenty-one men met inclusion criteria. Mean operative time and hospital stay for sub-coronal resurfacing were 40 min (25–50) and 0.76 days (1–2), respectively. At the mean follow-up of 18 months (12–61), no patients developed recurrence. All patients who presented with pain and postcoital bleeding saw improvement on follow-up (18/18). There was a significant improvement in SHIM scores after the operation (14.4 pre-op, 17.0 post-op; p = 0.003). Overall improvement of symptoms was reported by all patients: 57% GRA + 3; 29% GRA + 2; 14% GRA + 1. Baseline penile sensation was preserved in 17/21 (81%) patients. Recurrent penile adhesions in the setting of LS are notoriously difficult to treat. A sub-coronal BMG resurfacing is feasible. This initial patient cohort demonstrated no recurrence and overall high satisfaction.

The energy consumptions of the industrial sector are increasing. The latest official report published by Kota Tangerang government showed that the usage of electrical energy for the industry was 54.454.986 MWh in 2013. The government has published Government Regulation No.70 /2009 about energy conservation to mitigate the energy raising in industry. The main activity is energy audit for mapping the energy usage, evaluate the energy consumption and determine strategical steps in order to optimize the energy usage. Plant X is the newest plant of PT. Ban Indonesia which consuming energy about 24.485,85 MWh in 2018, with the average increasing demand of 3% per year. It was indicated that there were unutilized power and oversupply about 50%. The energy audit level 2 ( Preliminary Energy Audit) has taken by actual load measuring, calculate the gap between energy consumptions report and load nameplates, define the Intensitas Konsumsi Energi ( IKE )and it’s tendency, simulating the recommendation steps, define the energy baseline and energy management strategical steps which refer to ISO 50001. The energy consumption level could be optimized by applying the recommendation steps so PT. Ban Indonesia, Plant X will save 38.918,92 USD or Rp 575.986.400 annually with Break Event Point (BEP ) around 29 months. Penggunaan energi listrik pada sektor industri terus meningkat setiap tahun nya. Dari data resmi yang terakhir diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah Kota Tangerang menyebutkan jumlah energi listrik yang dipakai untuk sektor industri sebesar 54.454.986 MWh pada tahun 2013. Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 tentang Konsevarsi Energi untuk mengatasi lonjakan energi pada sektor industri. Salah satu kegiatan konservasi energi adalah audit energi, yang bertujuan memetakan penggunaan energi, mengevaluasi pemakaian energi dan menentukan langkah-langkah strategis optimasi energi. Plant X merupakan plant terbaru dan bagian dari PT. Ban Indonesia yang mengkonsumsi energi sebanyak 24.485,85 MWh di tahun 2018, dengan peningkatan konsumsi energi 3% per tahun. Terindikasi terjadi unutilized power dan over supply sebanyak 50%. Dilakukan audit energi level 2 (Preliminary Energy Audit) dengan melakukan pengukuran langsung, menghitung deviasi beban antara laporan pemakaian energi aktual dan nameplate beban, menghitung nilai Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE ) dan kecenderungannya, melakukan simulasi langkah rekomendasi, menentukan energy baseline dan langkah-langkah strategis tindakan manajemen energi yang mengadopsi ISO 50001.Tingkat penggunaan energi mampu dioptimasi dengan menerapkan langkah-langkah rekomendasi sehingga PT. Ban Indonesia, Plant X akan menghemat 38.918,92 USD atau Rp 575.986.400 setiap tahun dengan Break Event Point (BEP) sekitar 29 bulan.

Background: Currently, animal models of urethral stricture are not standardized. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) regulates extracellular matrix deposition in homeostatic and pathological responses. Objective: The aim of this study was to present the potential model to be developed as a urethral stricture. Methods: True experimental laboratory research was conducted by using Male New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which were divided into 5 groups; control, placebo, and 3 treatment groups (TGF-β1 injection of 1 µg, 2 µg, 4 µg). Urethrography, histopathological analysis, and evaluation of total collagen formation of the urethral wall were performed after 6 weeks. Results: An increase in the dose of TGF-β1 decreased the mean rabbit’s urethral lumen diameter (29.3% in the 2µg group and 34% in the 4µg group) compared to controls. Three rabbits decreased as much as ≤ 50% in urethral lumen diameter. Significant increases in total collagen density in the periluminal and peripheral urethral spongiosum were noted by increasing doses of TGF-β1. The percentage of urethral lumen diameter has a strong negative correlation with periluminal total collagen density (r = -0,798; p = 0,000) and very strong negative correlation with peripheral spongiosa total collagen density (r = -0,748, p = 0,000). Conclusion: TGF-β1 plays a role in changing total collagen compositions of the rabbit’s urethral wall, decreasing the urethral lumen diameter. Further research with increasing doses of TGF-β1 is needed to determine the effective dose of TGF-β1 in inducing urethral stricture.

Dear colleagues and friends,It is truly a pleasure to invite you to actively participate in the upcoming meeting, The 3rd Live Surgery Workshop International Society of Reconstructive Urology (ISORU), 2nd International Live Surgery Workshop Indonesia Genitourinary Reconstructive Society (InaGURS), in conjunction with 12th Malang Continuing Urology Education (MCUE), which will be held on September 5th-7th, 2019, in Bali Nusa Dua Convention Center (BNDCC), Bali, Indonesia.The theme chosen is Reconstructive Urology.These three important meetings that held in conjunctionally will provide a wonderful forum for you to refresh your knowledge and explore new techniques and innovation in urology field from well-known experts. The symposia will be held on the first day and on the 2nd and 3rd day, they are going to be the highlight of live surgeries on various cases of reconstructive urology.Additionally, we would like to also invite you to submit your recent achievement in scientific writing in various field of Urology. The scientific committee will prepare the prestigious oral presentation and poster presentation awards.The island of the gods, Bali, awaits you!Undisputable world well-known meeting destination is easily reach with direct flights from most major cities in the world. Since March 2016 Indonesian government has granted 169 countries for FREE Visitor Visa. Please check the list of countries and further details in visa section at the congress website www.mcue.orgPlease make sure you have blocked this important dates and visit the congress website for further program update.See you soon in Bali…… Paksi SatyagrahaCongress Chairman

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) can be defined as urgency with or without urge incontinence, generally accompanied by frequency and nocturia. Urgency, which is usually the main presenting symptom, is defined as a sudden, compelling desire to pass urine, which is difficult to defer. Frequency is generally defined as more than eight micturition’s in a 24 hour period, and nocturia is generally defined as more than one micturition per night. OAB may be classified as “wet” (if it occurs with urge incontinence) or “dry” (without urge incontinence). The incidence of OAB in Europe and America were similar that almost 17% of general population had OAB. There are no data about profile OAB prevalence, especially age and gender to the possibility of overactive bladder incidence in Indonesia, especially in Malang. Method: This was observational study. There are two kind of questioners that will be filled by the audiences, OABSS (Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score) dan Overactive Bladder Validated 8 Question Screener. The result of the screening will be noted and processed to find the profile of overactive bladder. The research was held in Community Health Service. Result: There were total 83 people that underwent OAB screening in Dewi Shinta Elderly health care service, that most of them were female 71 (86%) and only 12 male (14%). The average age was 59.8 years old, the oldest was 86 years old and the youngest was 53 years old. Range of 51-69 years old was the most common number (70/84%) and followed by >70 years old (13/16%). In OABSS, there are total 75 people (90%) with mild OAB and 8 people (10%) with moderate OAB and there was no severe OAB. In Overactive Bladder Validated 8 Question Screener, there are 21 people (25.3%) that was OAB suspicious. There was no association of age and gender to the result of both scoring system, OABSS (Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score) dan Overactive Bladder Validated 8 Question Screener. Conclusion: Most of patients were female with moderate OAB score. There was no association of age and gender to the possibility of overactive bladder incidence in Bunulrejo Sub-District.

Objective: To outline our step-by-step surgical technique using a subcoronal buccal mucosal graft (BMG) resurfacing technique for the treatment of recurrent penile adhesions. Methods: To perform the 'buccal belt' procedure a subcoronal circumferential segment of diseased skin was excised. An appropriately sized BMG was circumferentially secured subcoronally with a proximal and distal anastomosis to the edges of the wound. Quilting stitches were also placed to allow proper graft fixation. A petroleum jelly bolster was secured as a tie-over dressing. Patients were discharged with a Foley catheter and the bolster dressing in place. The bolster and Foley catheter were removed 7 days postoperatively. The patients were then seen for follow-up at 4- to 6-month intervals. A retrospective, international multi-institutional review was conducted to include all patients who underwent this procedure. Surgical complications, evidence of recurrence, and patient-reported outcome measures including visual analogue scale (VAS) and global response assessment (GRA) questionnaires were reviewed. Results: Thirty-one men underwent the procedure across six institutions between March 2014 and September 2020. The mean (range) surgical time was 59 (25-95) min. At the mean (range) follow-up of 27 (4-79) months all patients reported resolution of presenting symptoms and no recurrence of adhesions. The mean VAS score was 8.9 and 9.0 for aesthetics and functional outcomes, respectively. On GRA, overall improvement was reported by all patients (61%, +3; 25%, +2; 14%, +1). Conclusion: There are limited options for the treatment of recurrent penile adhesions. A subcoronal BMG resurfacing is feasible, with no recurrence and overall high satisfaction seen in an initial patient cohort. Sin financiación 1.472 SJR (2021) Q1, 6/108 Urology No data IDR 2021 5.969 JCR (2021) Q1, 15/90 Urology & Nephrology 1.472 SJR (2021) Q1, 6/108 Urology No data IDR 2021 UEM

Primaquine and tafenoquine are the only licensed drugs with activity against Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites but cause haemolysis in patients with glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Malaria also causes haemolysis, leading to the replacement of older erythrocytes with low G6PD activity by reticulocytes and young erythrocytes with higher activity. Aim of this study was to assess the impact of acute malaria on G6PD activity. Selected patients with uncomplicated malaria were recruited in Bangladesh (n = 87), Indonesia (n = 75), and Ethiopia (n = 173); G6PD activity was measured at the initial presentation with malaria and a median of 176 days later (range 140 to 998) in the absence of malaria. Among selected participants (deficient participants preferentially enrolled in Bangladesh but not at other sites) G6PD activity fell between malaria and follow up by 79.1% (95%CI: 40.4 to 117.8) in 6 participants classified as deficient (P. vivax or P. falciparum infection. Overall, 66.7% (4/6) severely deficient participants and 87.2% (34/39) with intermediate deficiency had normal activities when presenting with malaria. These findings suggest that G6PD activity rises significantly and at clinically relevant levels during acute malaria. Prospective case-control studies are warranted to confirm the degree to which the predicted population attributable risks of drug induced haemolysis is lower than would be predicted from cross sectional surveys.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Recurrent penile adhesions often cause pain, post-coital bleeding, disfigurement and patient distress. Treatment options are limited and include topical steroids, lysis o...

Anemia affects people worldwide and results in increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in children and reproductive-age women. Anemia is caused by an imbalance between red blood cell (RBC) loss and production (erythropoiesis), which can be caused by not only nutritional factors but also non-nutritional factors, such as inflammation and genetics. Understanding the complex and varied etiology of anemia is crucial for developing effective interventions and monitoring anemia control programs. This review focusses on two interrelated nonnutritional causes of anemia: malaria infection and RBC disorders (thalassemia and G6PD deficiency), as well as tuberculosis. According to the Haldane hypothesis, thalassemia occurs as a protective trait toward malaria infection, whereas G6PDd arises in malaria-endemic regions because of positive selection. Indonesia is a malariaendemic region; thus, the frequency of thalassemia and G6PD deficiency is high, which contributes to a greater risk for non-nutritional anemia. As Indonesia is the second global contributor to the newly diagnosed tuberculosis, and active pulmonary tuberculosis patients are more anemic, tuberculosis is also contributes to the increasing risk of anemia. Therefore, to reduce anemia rates in Indonesia, authorities must consider non-nutritional causes that might influence the local incidence of anemia, and apply co-management of endemic infectious disease such as malaria and tuberculosis, and of genetic disease i.e. thalassemia and G6PDd.

The synthesis of diethanolamide surfactant from used cooking oil was systematically studied using modified zeolite as catalyst. The activated zeolite was obtained by dispersing natural zeolite in sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) solution. Potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) was loaded into activated zeolite by wet impregnation method. The methyl ester obtained from transesterification reaction of used cooking oil was refluxed with diethanolamine (C 4 H 11 NO) solution over K 2 CO 3 /zeolite catalyst in the production of diethanolamide surfactant. The amidiation reaction over K 2 CO 3 /zeolite effectively produced 92% of diethanolamide surfactant with the highest selectivity of methyl oleate. Diethanolamide surfactant showed stable foam and emulsion with the reduction of surface tension as much as 3.3 dyne/cm.

Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder in the world. Its main function is to generate NADPH that is required for anti-oxidative pathway in the cells especially in red blood cells (RBC). G6PD deficiency is X-linked and thus subject to random X-chromosome inactivation in women giving them mosaic expression of G6PD activities in their individual cells. This phenomenon makes it difficult for diagnosis with the currently available G6PD qualitative diagnostic tests. With the rolling out of newly marketed anti-malarial drug tafenoquine, which has a long half-life, screening for G6PD deficiency becomes a necessity where those with Methods RBC models were developed to analyse the effect of oxidant on RBC oxidative markers namely total glutathione (GSH)and malondialdehyde (MDA). G6PD activity was measured using quantitative assay from Trinity Biotech and was correlated with cytofluorometric assay. RBC from two G6PD heterozygous women with different G6PD activities were also analysed for comparison. Results There was a negative correlation between G6PD activity and CuCl concentration and a strong association between G6PD activities and proportion of G6PD normal RBC in CuCl-treated models and in ex vivo RBC. However, in terms of oxidative stress markers analyses, unlike the hypothesis where the lower G6PD activity, the higher MDA and the lower GSH level, the CuCl RBC model showed that in low G6PD activities (10–30%) cells, the MDA level is lower compared to the rest of the models (p 80% G6PD activities in CuCl RBC model, but not in ex vivo RBC (p = 0.5). Genotyping heterozygous subjects showed G6PDViangchan variant with 2.97 U/gHb (33% activity) and 6.58 U/gHb (74% activity). Conclusions The GSH analysis has pointed to the 60% G6PD activity cut-off and this data is supportive of the old World Health Organization threshold for intermediate upper limit of 60% G6PD activity. However, there are significant limitations in using MDA assay with CuCl RBC model because the RBC was already stressed due to the copper treatment and thus present a different result when compared to the ex vivo model.

Background The radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale requires treatment with primaquine or tafenoquine to clear dormant liver stages. Either drug can induce haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, necessitating screening. The reference diagnostic method for G6PD activity is ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry; however, a universal G6PD activity threshold above which these drugs can be safely administered is not yet defined. Our study aimed to quantify assay-based variation in G6PD spectrophotometry and to explore the diagnostic implications of applying a universal threshold. Methods and findings Individual-level data were pooled from studies that used G6PD spectrophotometry. Studies were identified via PubMed search (25 April 2018) and unpublished contributions from contacted authors (PROSPERO: CRD42019121414). Studies were excluded if they assessed only individuals with known haematological conditions, were family studies, or had insufficient details. Studies of malaria patients were included but analysed separately. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using an adapted form of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Repeatability and intra- and interlaboratory variability in G6PD activity measurements were compared between studies and pooled across the dataset. A universal threshold for G6PD deficiency was derived, and its diagnostic performance was compared to site-specific thresholds. Study participants (n = 15,811) were aged between 0 and 86 years, and 44.4% (7,083) were women. Median (range) activity of G6PD normal (G6PDn) control samples was 10.0 U/g Hb (6.3–14.0) for the Trinity assay and 8.3 U/g Hb (6.8–15.6) for the Randox assay. G6PD activity distributions varied significantly between studies. For the 13 studies that used the Trinity assay, the adjusted male median (AMM; a standardised metric of 100% G6PD activity) varied from 5.7 to 12.6 U/g Hb (p < 0.001). Assay precision varied between laboratories, as assessed by variance in control measurements (from 0.1 to 1.5 U/g Hb; p < 0.001) and study-wise mean coefficient of variation (CV) of replicate measures (from 1.6% to 14.9%; p < 0.001). A universal threshold of 100% G6PD activity was defined as 9.4 U/g Hb, yielding diagnostic thresholds of 6.6 U/g Hb (70% activity) and 2.8 U/g Hb (30% activity). These thresholds diagnosed individuals with less than 30% G6PD activity with study-wise sensitivity from 89% (95% CI: 81%–94%) to 100% (95% CI: 96%–100%) and specificity from 96% (95% CI: 89%–99%) to 100% (100%–100%). However, when considering intermediate deficiency (, Daniel Pfeffer and coauthors report on the assessment of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which is required for safe use of some malaria treatments., Author summary Why was this study done? Complete cure of vivax malaria, the most geographically widespread malaria species, requires the use of 8-aminoquinoline drugs to clear dormant liver stages of the parasite (‘radical cure’); however, these drugs can cause severe haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry is used as the reference test to measure G6PD activity, for validating new point-of-care diagnostics, and to determine population-specific definitions of G6PD deficiency. Currently, there is no universal threshold to define G6PD deficiency, and each laboratory must invest time and resources to derive site- and laboratory-specific definitions of G6PD deficiency. What did the researchers do and find? We pooled measurements of G6PD activity from studies conducted across different countries and laboratories worldwide. We assessed the comparability of spectrophotometry results between these laboratories to see whether a universal definition and diagnostic cutoff for G6PD deficiency could be determined. There was substantial variation in the performance and absolute measurements of spectrophotometry conducted in different laboratories, hindering the definition of a universal cutoff for G6PD deficiency. What do these findings mean? These findings highlight the importance of quality-control measures to minimise the influence of laboratory procedures on observed measurements. The data suggest that while a robust universal, assay-specific G6PD activity cutoff value can be established for diagnosis of severe G6PD deficiency (

Online transportation is a transportation service that utilizes technological advancements, whose aim is to facilitate all human activities that are carried out daily. The problem that will be discussed in this research is the arrangement of online transportation in terms of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. This normative law research uses a conceptual approach and a statue approach with qualitative descriptive analysis. Research Results, Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning LLAJ has not yet regulated online-based transportation, however, the safety, security and comfort requirements in UULLAJ are still being observed and the government has issued regulations that can become legal umbrella for the implementation of online-based transportation, namely: Government Regulation No. 74 of 2014 concerning Road Transportation; Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 32 of 2016 concerning the Implementation of Transportation of People with Public Motor Vehicles Not in Route revised to Permenhub No. 108 of 2017; Permenhub No. 118 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Rental Vehicles; Permenhub No. 12 of 2019 concerning Safety Protection of Motorcycle Users Used for the Interest of the Community.Keywords : Arrangement, Transportation, Online, Law

Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder in the world. Its main function is to generate NADPH that is required for anti-oxidative pathway in the cells especially in red blood cells (RBC). G6PD deficiency is X-linked and thus subject to random X-chromosome inactivation in women giving them mosaic expression of G6PD activities in their individual cells. This phenomenon makes it difficult for diagnosis with the currently available G6PD qualitative diagnostic tests. With the rolling out of newly marketed anti-malarial drug tafenoquine, which has a long half-life, screening for G6PD deficiency becomes a necessity where those with Methods RBC models were developed to analyse the effect of oxidant on RBC oxidative markers namely total glutathione (GSH)and malondialdehyde (MDA). G6PD activity was measured using quantitative assay from Trinity Biotech and was correlated with cytofluorometric assay. RBC from twoG6PD heterozygous women with different G6PD activities were also analysed for comparison.Results There was a negative correlation between G6PD activity and CuCl concentration and a strong association between G6PD activities and proportion of G6PD normal RBC in CuCl-treated models and in ex vivo RBC. However, in terms of oxidative stress markers analyses, unlike the hypothesis where the lower G6PD activity, the higher MDA and the lower GSH level, the CuCl RBC model showed that in low G6PD activities (10-30%) cells, the MDA level is lower compared to the rest of the models (pex vivo models however were in line with the hypothesis, although the result was not significant (p=0.5). There was a significant difference between RBC with 80% G6PD activities in CuCl RBC model, but not in ex vivo RBC (p=0.5). Genotyping heterozygous subjects showed G6PDViangchan variant with 2.97U/gHb (33% activity) and 6.58 U/gHb (74% activity). Conclusions The GSH analysis has pointed to the 60% G6PD activity cut-off and this data is supportive of the old World Health Organization threshold for intermediate upper limit of 60% G6PD activity. However, there are significant limitations in using MDA assay with CuCl RBC model because the RBC was already stressed due to the copper treatment and thus present a different result when compared to the ex-vivo model.

Mascot is a representation of a brand where the mascot serves as a bridge between the brand and the consumer. Mascot can be the face of a brand and can also communicate the overall brand values. In this research, the writer will design a mascot design for the Indonesian Pavilion at the World Expo Dubai 2020. This research uses quantitative methods, namely literature study, mind mapping, and prototyping. With this research, it is hoped that it will produce a mascot design that is right for the Indonesian Pavilion at the World Expo Dubai 2020.

Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme disorder in the world. Its main function is to generate NADPH that is required for anti-oxidative pathway in the cells especially in red blood cells (RBC). G6PD deficiency is X-linked and thus subject to random X-chromosome inactivation in women giving them mosaic expression of G6PD activities in their individual cells. This phenomenon makes it difficult for diagnosis with the currently available G6PD qualitative diagnostic tests. With the rolling out of newly marketed anti-malarial drug tafenoquine which has a long half-life, screening for G6PD deficiency becomes a necessity where those with 80% G6PD activities in CuCl RBC model but not in ex vivo RBC (p=0.5). Genotyping heterozygous subjects showed G6PD Viangchan variant with 2.97 U/g Hb (33% activity) and 6.58 U/g Hb (74% activity).Conclusions The MDA and GSH analyses have pointed to the 60% G6PD activity cut-off. This provides an evidence of possible cut-off for tafenoquine administration in G6PD heterozygous women.

Urethral stricture management remains a great challenge in the urological community. History has shown that the first approach to urethral strictures were to do open reconstructive surgery. Gradually the management changed to minimal invasive surgery but then reverted back to open reconstructive surgery with refined technique and an improvement in medical services. During the past 30 years it has been shown that most urethral strictures are curable with open urethral reconstructive surgery. Despite evidence and international guidelines, internal urethrotomy and dilatation is still practiced by the urological community. A better understanding of the optimal place for minimal invasive surgery in urethral stricture disease should be spread among the urological community. The concept that urethral stricture disease treatment should always start at the bottom with dilatation and or internal urethrotomy and work up the ladder to open reconstructive surgery as the last resort has changed. We aim to provide an overview of the contemporary management of urethral stricture disease from a historical perspective. We will discuss the changing patterns in the last three to four decades and provide evidence and international guideline recommendations about the best treatment option for patients with urethral stricture disease.

We herein report the first case of Mediterranean glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variant from Bangladesh. A boy had been admitted to hospital and was diagnosed with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax infection and treated with 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) chloroquine for 3 days and 4.8 mg/kg BW primaquine (PQ) to be taken over 14 days. The boy was discharged but represented 4 days later with severe hemoglobinuria and fatigue. Hemoglobin was measured at 6.0 g/dL and serum bilirubin was at 5.6 mg/dL, although malaria microscopy was negative. The boy had taken the 4-fold recommended daily dose of PQ and was treated with two fresh blood transfusions. Subsequent molecular analysis showed the boy to have the Mediterranean G6PD variant and a G6PD activity of 0.93 U/gHb.

Introduction: Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is a common inherited red blood cell polymorphism in Southeast Asian and Melanesian populations, coinciding with areas of malaria endemicity. Validation of light microscopy as a diagnostic alternative to molecular genotyping may allow for its cost-effective use either prospectively or retrospectively by analysis of archived blood smears. Methods: We assessed light microscopic diagnosis of SAO compared to standard PCR genotyping. Three trained microscopists, each assessed the same 971 Giemsa-stained thin blood films for which SAO genotypic confirmation was available by PCR. Generalized mixed modeling was used to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of light microscopy versus “gold-standard” PCR. Results: Among red cell morphologic parameters evaluated, knizocytes, rather than ovalocytic morphology, proved the strongest predictor of SAO status (odds ratio [OR] =19.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 14.6-25.3; P = Conclusion: Light microscopic diagnosis of SAO by knizocyte visual cue performed comparable to time-consuming and costlier molecular methods, but requires specific training that includes successful differentiation of knizocytes from stomatocytes.