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The C K-shell photoelectron mainline of C 2 H 2 molecules have been measured at photon energies 295–350 eV. The gerade and ungerade symmetries of the core-ionized states, 1 σ g and 1 σ u , are resolved. Resonance enhancement is found only in the 1 σ g photoionization cross-section and assigned to the σ u ∗ shape resonance. The photoelectron asymmetry parameter takes a minimum value at the shape resonance energy. The shape resonance energy decreases with increase in the vibrational quantum number. No correlational shape resonance appears in the 1 σ u photoionization channel, suggesting that the channel coupling is negligible.

After inner shell excitation the ultrafast fragmentation of small molecules can proceed on a time scale similar to that of the Auger decay. In this case the nuclear motion affects the observed electron spectrum in various ways. The best known example is the Doppler splitting of atomiclike Auger lines, but non-parallel potential surfaces are equally important. Using an electron energy - ion momentum coincidence experiment and an ab initio calculation of potential curves, we discuss the main features seen in the non-coincident and coincident resonant Auger spectrum by decay of the F(1s)->6a1* core excited state of CH3F.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used in medical practice for the treatment of osteoporosis, bone metastasis, and multiple myeloma. Although many studies have been published, the treatment and prognosis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) remain unclear. This study included 59 patients with BRONJ: 29 had taken oral BPs and 30 had taken intravenous (IV) BPs. All received conservative treatments. When separated sequestra were seen, a sequestrectomy was performed. Segmental mandibular resection was performed when pathological fractures were diagnosed. The outcomes of treatments were compared between groups. For patients treated with oral rinses or mandibular resection, the number in whom clinical healing was observed did not differ between the oral BP and IV BP groups. With regard to sequestrectomy, 94% of patients in the oral BP group showed improvement with this treatment compared to 50% in the IV BP group. The number of patients in whom clinical healing of BRONJ was achieved was statistically better in the oral BP group than in the IV BP group after 6 months of treatment (P0.001). The results showed that90% of patients treated with oral BPs could be cured. However, 50% of patients treated with IV BPs did not show an improvement. Additional research is needed to further increase the therapeutic efficacy for the resolution of BRONJ.

We report absolute elastic differential cross sections for electron interactions with the C4F6 isomers, hexafluoro-1,3-butadiene (1,3-C4F6), hexafluoro-2-butyne (2-C4F6), and hexafluorocyclobutene (c-C4F6). The incident electron energy range is 1.5-200 eV, and the scattered electron angular range for the differential measurements varies from 15° to 150°. In all cases the absolute scale of the differential cross section was set using the relative flow technique, with helium as the reference species. Atomic-like behaviour in these scattering systems is shown here for the first time, and is further investigated by comparing the elastic cross sections for the C4F6 isomers with other fluorinated molecules, such as SF6 and CnF6 (n = 2, 3, and 6). We note that for all the six-F containing molecules, the scattering process for electron energies above 30 eV is indistinguishable. Finally, we report results for calculations of elastic differential cross sections for electron scattering from each of these isomers, within an optical potential method and assuming a screened corrected independent atom representation. The level of agreement between these calculations and our measurements is found to be quite remarkable in all cases.

In charge-transfer collisions of C4+(1s21S) with He (1s21S), the process of double electron capture into the ground state C2+ is well-known to dominate other channels by an order of magnitude for projectile energies below 10 keV. This work presents a calculation of differential cross-sections resolved in the angle and energy gain variables, based on an ab initio treatment of electronic states, and compares with the measurements published in the literature (projectile energy E=270, 400, and 470 eV). We also briefly discuss the semi-empirical two-state models developed by experimentalists for this process.

Resonant photoemission from the fluoromethane (CH3F) molecule has been measured with photon energies scanning through the resonance in which a C or F 1s electron is promoted to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital σ CF ∗ . The spectator Auger band with the lowest binding energy of ∼27 eV is tentatively assigned to 2e−26a1. The energy-resolved electron–ion coincidence experiments revealed that this state produces predominantly CH 2 + ions both for C 1s and F 1s excitations, providing evidence that the spectator Auger decay to this state takes place within the molecular regime, where the valence electrons are delocalized over the entire molecule.

The charge states of the scattered and recoil ions were simultaneously measured at a large scattering angle (ΘCM = 40°) in single collisions of Ne ions with Ar atoms at an energy of 5 keV (relative velocity v = 0.10 a.u.). The incident charge (q) dependence of the charge state correlations between Ne and Ar ions are discussed for q = 1, 2 and 3. It was found that the mean charge state of Ne ions ( q ¯ Ne ) and Ar ions ( q ¯ Ar ) increased with q, while the number of emitted electrons ( q ¯ Ne + q ¯ Ar - q ) was independent of q.

K X-rays emitted from 2.1 keV/u N ions transmitted through a thin Ni microcapillary foil were measured in coincidence with a final charge state qf, using a Si(Li) X-ray detector in the cases of incident charge states of qi = 7 and 6. It was found that (1) the coincidence X-ray yield for (qi, qf) = (7, 6) decreased faster than those for other (qi, qf) combinations, (2) the coincidence X-ray yields did not depend on the number of K-shell holes of the incident ions but on the final charge state qf.

We have carried out experimental and theoretical studies on electron scattering from the C3H6 isomers and C3F6 molecules and we report on total, differential as well as theoretical integral elastic cross-sections for these molecules. Vibrational excitation functions are also presented for the typical vibrational peaks in C3H6 and cyclo-C3H6 for the angle of 90○, impact energy range of 1–16 eV and loss energies of 0.12 eV and 0.13 eV, respectively. In the cross-sections, clear differences in peak positions and magnitudes between the C3H6 isomers can be viewed as the isomer effect. The same is observed between C3H6 and C3F6 in a clear manifestation of the fluorination effect. The resemblance of the π* shape resonance in the cross-sections, observed at about 2.2 eV for C3H6 and 3.5 eV for C3F6, to those in C2H4 and C2F4 clearly points to the effect of the double bond in the molecular structures for these molecules. Theoretical analysis is performed to provide rationales for the scattering dynamics.

High-resolution angle-resolved molecular resonant Auger emission from the F 1s excited states of the CF4, SiF4, and SF6 molecules are reported. A number of strong spectator lines resulting into the dissociative final states, whose anisotropy changes by changing the excitation photon energy, dominate the resonant Auger spectra.

We have set up a coincidence apparatus consisting of a high-resolution electron spectrometer and a k -resolving ion spectrometer. As an example for measurements performed with this apparatus, we present ion mass spectra that are coincident with energy-resolved resonant Auger electrons emitted from F 1s excited SF 6 molecules and resonant Auger electron spectra that are coincident with mass-selected fragment ions, as a function of the detuning from the F(1s −1 )a 1g ∗ resonance in SF 6 . Significant changes of these spectra due to detuning suggest that a substantial fraction of the excess photon energy goes into fragmentation rather than into electron kinetic energy.

We have made coincidence measurements between L X-rays and final charge states of highly-charged Ar ions passing through a Ni microcapillary thin foil to study the formation and relaxation processes of hollow atoms. By using N6+ projectile ions which have single K-shell hole, Ninomiya et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 4557] showed the existence of long lived excited states formed by multiple electron transfer from a Ni microcapillary thin foil. To further study the formation and relaxation dynamics, such experiments were extended to Ar ions with multiple L-shell holes. The yields of L X-rays from Ar ions, which have one stabilized-electron, decrease faster than those from ions with multiple stabilized-electrons, when the projectiles have multiple inner shell holes.

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, notably because of eosinophils and T cells. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) is known to selectively attract Th2 cells, and is increased in response to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which share a common receptor, IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ra). While corticosteroids have proven, very effective in modifying airway inflammation, the effect of corticosteroids on TARC in asthmatics has been little studied. Objective: We examined the effects of inhaled budesonide (BUD) on the expression of TARC and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchial biopsy specimens taken from asthma patients. Methods: Inhaled BUD 800 lg daily, or placebo was administered for 3 months in a double-blind, parallel-group study, and bronchial biopsies were performed before and after treatment. Biopsy specimens were examined by immunocytochemistry. Results: We observed a significant decrease in the epithelial expression of TARC (P < 0.01) in the BUD group compared with the placebo group. This was accompanied by decreases in the number of eosinophils (P < 0.01), CD3 + T cells (P < 0.05), and CD4 + T cells (P < 0.01). A significant correlation was found between changes in epithelial TARC and in IL-4Ra immunoreactivity (rs ¼ 0.66, P < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that corticosteroid asthma treatment can reduce infiltration of the airway by inflammatory cells, an effect modulated by down-regulation of bronchial epithelial TARC expression.

Ultrafast dissociation of the SF6 molecule following F 1s → a*1g excitation has been studied by the coincident measurement of the kinetic energy of the resonantly emitted electron and the momentum of the fragment ion. The nuclear motion takes place on the same time scale as the Auger decay, leading to atomic-like F (1s)-Auger lines in the electron spectrum. De-tuning from the excitation resonance changes the ratio of the two time scales involved. We measured the shift of the atomic-like Auger line and the changes in the parameters that describe the corresponding ionic fragmentation dynamics as a function of the detuning energy. Our data are consistent with predictions based on electron spectroscopic measurements that resolved the Doppler-splitting of the Auger-line. We found that unlike in diatomic molecules a substantial fraction of the excitation energy remains in the neutral fragment(s).

Aims: The long-term effects of dietary diacylglycerol (DAG) on body fat and lipid metabolism were studied in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Methods: Ten patients (seven males, three females) ranging in age from 40 to 64 years were enrolled. During the test period, 9.8g of DAG was ingested per day for 3 months. Results: Body mass index did not change throughout the study. The abdominal fat area measured by CT scan decreased significantly at 3 months, and increased significantly 3 months after completion of the DAG ingestion period. The serum composition of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased significantly at 3 months and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly at 3 months; these were determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Serum lipoprotein (a) decreased significantly at 3 months. Conclusions: Our study showed that 3-month ingestion of DAG reduced the amount of abdominal fat and improved serum lipid profiles in free-living HD patients.

The lowest-energy satellite bands accompanying the C 1s main line have been investigated, using angle-revolved photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that these satellite bands are resonantly enhanced at the same photon energy as the shape resonance of the main line. This observation contradicts the predictions based on the shake-up model, and suggests a dominant role of the final state correlations arising from the interaction between a primary photoelectron and a valence electron.

Signal transmission from a chick hair cell to the growth cone of a vestibular ganglion cell was examined by placing an acutely dissociated hair cell on the growth cone of a cultured vestibular ganglion cell. Electrical stimuli were applied to the hair cell while monitoring the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) at the growth cone or recording whole-cell currents from the vestibular ganglion cell. Electrical stimulation of the hair cell induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases at the growth cone and inward currents in the vestibular ganglion cell. The [Ca(2+)](i) increase was blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline (CNQX) (10 microM) but not by 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV; 50 microM). Glutamate (100 nM-300 microM) applied to the vestibular ganglion cell by the Y-tube method induced inward currents which were also antagonized by CNQX, but not by APV. These results indicate that the electrical stimulation of a hair cell induced glutamate or glutamate like agent release from the hair cell, which activated non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors at the growth cone of the vestibular ganglion cell, followed by action potentials and [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in the vestibular ganglion cell. This is the first demonstration of in vitro reconstitution of functional signal transmission from a hair cell to a vestibular ganglion cell.

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and can induce neovascularisation. To examine the role of SDF-1 in the development of angiogenesis, immunohistochemical studies were performed on bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic and control subjects. Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained from 13 asthmatic and eight control subjects. The number of vessels and the percentage area they occupied were estimated after staining for type-IV collagen. In addition the number of SDF-1-positive cells was determined. There was a significant increase in the number of vessels and the percentage vascularity in the submucosa of asthmatic subjects compared with control subjects. Asthmatic subjects exhibited a greater number of SDF-1-positive cells in the airway mucosa than control subjects. The degree of vascularity was associated with the number of SDF-1-positive cells. Furthermore, the number of SDF-1-positive cells was inversely correlated with airway calibre and airway hyperresponsiveness. Colocalisation studies revealed that endothelial cells, macrophages and T-lymphocytes were the major sources of SDF-1. These findings suggest that increased vascularity of bronchial mucosa in asthmatic subjects is closely related to the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 positive cells, which may play a role in remodelling of airways via angiogenesis.

We have studied angular correlations between resonant Auger electrons and successive second-step Auger electrons emitted in a cascade decay after photoexcitation of resonances 3d −1 5/2 5p in Kr and 4d −1 5/2 6p in Xe. Two spectrometers were used for the angle-resolved detection of the two electrons in coincidence. Angular correlations for several pairs of strong lines have been measured in both atoms. The experimental results are compared with multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock calculations which include electron correlations in the initial, intermediate and final states of the cascade. In general, good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained.

Total cross-sections (TCSs) for electron and positron scattering from C3H4 isomers (allene and propyne) were measured using the linear transmission method in the range of 0.8–600 eV for electrons and 0.7–600 eV for positrons. Elastic cross-sections for electron scattering were also measured by a crossed-beam experiment in the range of 2–100 eV. Sharp resonance-like peaks were observed in the electron TCSs for propyne around 3.6 and 8 eV, and 2.5 and 11 eV for allene. The positron TCSs for these molecules were found to be smaller and much smoother than the electron TCSs. Clear differences in resonance positions and magnitudes between the two isomers can be viewed as an isomer effect.

A very low-power MPEG-4 video decoder LSI for mobile applications is presented. A 27-MHz 16-b DSP with a vector pipeline architecture, four 27-MHz dedicated hardware engines for accelerating MPEG-4 visual SP@L1 decoding and post video processing, 896 Kb of embedded SRAM for storing reference images and bitstreams, and three peripheral blocks are integrated together on a single chip. The architecture of the DSP is optimized in terms of power consumption and performance. MPEG-4 visual SP@L1 decoding and post-video processing at low operating frequencies are realized using a hybrid architecture consisting of the DSP and the dedicated hardware engines. Clock gating is used extensively to reduce the power consumption of the processor. The processor has high reusability because it does not use process-dependent technology such as V/sub DD/-hopping and variable threshold voltages. The chip is implemented using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Its die area is 37 mm/sup 2/ and the power consumption is 11 mW at 1.5 V.

A laminar boundary-layer heat transfer in a jacketed, stirred tank with non-Newtonian fluids has been experimentally and theoretically examined. Heat transfer rates from jacket to process liquid through the stirred tank wall were measured for different large-scale impeller designs and rheological properties. On the basis of the laminar boundary-layer theory, we developed a theoretical correlation for non-Newtonian laminar tank-side film heat transfer coefficients in stirred tanks. The correlation was derived using von Karman's integral technique. Satisfactory agreement between the predictions of the proposed correlation and the present experimental data for viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian laminar heat transfer in stirred tanks was obtained.

Absolute differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron impact excitation of electronic states of CO2 in the 10.8-11.5 eV energy-loss range are reported. These data were obtained at the incident electron energies 20,30,60,100 and 200 eV and over the scattered electron angular range 3.5°-90°. The accuracy of our experimental methods has been established independently by using several different normalization techniques at both Sophia and Flinders Universities. Generalized oscillator strengths were derived from our measured DCSs and then extrapolated to zero momentum transfer, in order to determine the optical oscillator strengths. These optical oscillator strengths, where possible, are compared with the results from previous measurements and calculations.

Incandescent halogen lamps have been the standard for automotive headlamps; however, metal halide high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps have slowly begun to be commercially used since the mid-1990s. The lighting system of the metal halide HID headlamp makes a great contribution to energy savings, longer lamp life and better visibility in traffic zones compared with halogen lamps. (Lamp life is lengthened because it prevents the loss of sodium metal as plus ions through the quartz of the lamp bulb.) This article describes power ICs consisting of full bridge inverters and their drivers in detail. Market requirements for electronic ballasts include more compact size, lighter weight, and lower cost. On the other hand, lamp manufacturers recommend that automotive metal halide HID lamps should be operated at negative voltage potential to the body of automotive headlight fixture in order to lengthen lamp life. In order to meet these requirements, a new multichip power integrated circuit (IC) for electronic ballast of automotive HID headlamps has been developed. Discrete power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are used for the inverter of the HID electronic ballast. It contains a high-voltage driver IC including a P-channel lateral double diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) to control the full bridge power MOSFETs.

We report measurements on differential cross sections (DCSs) for electron-impact excitation to the optically-allowed b 1Πu state in molecular nitrogen in the impact energy range of 20 – 400 eV. Absolute excitation DCSs normalized by the relative flow technique were transformed to generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) as a function of momentum transfer squared. Integral cross sections (ICSs) for the transitions to the b 1Πu state were compared with the BEf-scaled plane-Born ICS as well as previous experimental studies.

1 pag., 1 fig. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 3.0, We report absolute electron elastic scattering differential cross sections (DCSs) from PF3 molecules. The crossed-beam method was used in conjunction with the relative flow technique (using helium as the reference gas) to obtain absolute values. Very good agreement between the experimental DCSs and those calculated with the IAM-SCAR method has been found for the higher impact energy (above 50 eV). We have also compared the measured DCSs for PF3 with experimental results for other fluorine compounds, XF3 (X = B, C, N and CH), as well as with those derived from the calculated atomic fluorine cross sections multiplied by a factor of 3.

Absolute total cross sections for electron scattering from He and Ne are obtained in the energy range from 20 eV down to below 10 meV with a very narrow electron energy width of 6--8 meV using the threshold-photoelectron source. Total cross sections obtained in the present study generally agree well with those obtained in the previous experiments for both He and Ne above 100 meV, where several experimental works have been reported. Comparison of the present cross sections with the theoretical cross sections which have been regarded as the ``standard'' cross sections shows very good agreement even at very low energies below 10 meV, which confirms the validity of theoretical cross sections. The scattering lengths for electron scattering from He and Ne are also determined from the present total cross sections using the modified effective range theory. The resonant structures in the total cross sections due to Feshbach resonances of He and Ne are also observed. Analysis of the resonant structure was carried out based on the spin-dependent resonant scattering theory in order to determine the values of natural width of Feshbach resonance of Ne.

We present and discuss recent results, both experimental and theoretical (where possible), for electron impact excitation of the 3s[32]1 and 3s′[12]1 electronic states in neon, elastic electron scattering from the structurally similar molecules benzene, pyrazine, and 1,4-dioxane and excitation of the electronic states of the important bio-molecule analogue α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. While comparison between theoretical and experimental results suggests that benchmarked cross sections for electron scattering from atoms is feasible in the near-term, significant further theoretical development for electron-molecule collisions, particularly in respect to discrete excitation processes, is still required.We present and discuss recent results, both experimental and theoretical (where possible), for electron impact excitation of the 3s[32]1 and 3s′[12]1 electronic states in neon, elastic electron scattering from the structurally similar molecules benzene, pyrazine, and 1,4-dioxane and excitation of the electronic states of the important bio-molecule analogue α-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. While comparison between theoretical and experimental results suggests that benchmarked cross sections for electron scattering from atoms is feasible in the near-term, significant further theoretical development for electron-molecule collisions, particularly in respect to discrete excitation processes, is still required.

Absolute total cross sections for electron scattering from He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe at very low electron energies obtained using the technique employing the threshold-photoelectron source are presented. Comparison of the measured cross section for noble gas atoms with those of theoretical results are made.

A resistive insert magnet consisting of Bitter-type coils was fabricated, incorporated into the 400-mm bore of the superconducting outsert, and tested under a backup field of 14.2 T. This hybrid magnet generated a total field of 37.3 T in the center of a 32-mm room-temperature bore. At this magnetic field, the operating current of the resistive insert magnet was 33.25 kA at a voltage of 431 V. This insert magnet is divided into three coaxial coils. The bitter plates of the two inner coils are made of hard-worked Cu–Ag plates, and those of the outermost coil are made of GlidCop AL-25. The thickness of the plates used in the two inner coils was 0.84 mm, and the 0.2% proof stress in the direction parallel to the roll work was about 800 MPa at 375 K. This temperature is designed to be the maximum of the innermost coil at 37.3 T. Elongated cooling channels were punched in a staggered formation in these plates. The flow rate of the cooling water was 0.141 m 3 /s at the maximum field. Regular operation up to 35 T started from June 2000 at the Tsukuba Magnet Laboratory.

Magnesite, siderite and dolomite are characteristic alteration minerals occurring in Miocene hanging wall rocks of dacitic composition which host the Kuroko orebodies. These carbonates generally occur in a more stratigraphically upper horizon than chlorite alteration zone surrounding the orebodies. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios of the carbonates decrease from the central alteration zone to marginal zone. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios of carbonates and chlorite positively correlate. The δ18O and δ13C values of magnesite, siderite and dolomite positively correlate with each other and lie between the igneous and marine carbonate values. The petrographic, isotopic and fluid inclusion characteristics and thermochemical modelling calculations indicate that magnesite and dolomite formed in the central zone close to the orebodies due to the interaction of hydrothermal solutions with the biogenic marine carbonates. Calcite formed further from the orebodies from hydrothermal fluids which did not contain a biogenic marine carbon component. The compositional and textural relationships indicate that superimposed alterations (chlorite alteration and carbonate alteration) occurred in hanging wall rocks. The mode of occurrences and the Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratios of magnesite and dolomite occurring in hanging wallrocks are useful in the exploration for concealed volcanogenic massive sulfide-sulfate deposits.

Clearance of exogenously administered Salmonella abortus equi LPS from the circulation following induction of host responses, e.g. release of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and TNFα production, were investigated. The endotoxin unit of administered LPS in plasma was monitored by a combined method. After 1 h, more than 80% of injected LPS disappeared from the circulation of normal mice at all doses except a 100 μg dose, but sCD14 in plasma could not yet be detected by Western blotting. Release of sCD14 reached a peak 9 h after LPS injection. According to pretreatment with either Propionibacterium acnes or silver nitrate, the clearance rates of exogenously added LPS from the circulation were accelerated in comparison with the rate in normal mice, but plasma TNF levels were the opposite. In LPS-tolerant mice, LPS clearance and production of TNF and sCD14 was reduced. Pretreatment with anti-CD14 mAb reduced LPS-induced TNF production but did not influence the clearance rates. Taken together, in vivo, sCD14 may not play a critical role for early LPS clearance.

Since 1990, retrograde cerebral perfusion has been applied in aortic arch surgery in the Nagoya University group to protect the brain. This study reviews the group's early clinical results, and especially of neurological outcome in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery via mid sternotomy by using retrograde cerebral perfusion only via the superior vena cava. Seventy-three cases (47 men, 26 women; mean age 62.3 (range 26-82 years)) participated in the study. True aneurysm was diagnosed in 17 cases and aortic dissection in 56. Emergency operations were performed in 49 cases (67%). The proximal aortic arch was replaced in 38 cases, the total aortic arch in 21, the distal arch in six, and the aortic root in two. Mean (s.d.) retrograde cerebral perfusion duration was 55(23) (range 12-115) min and superior vena cava flow rate 350(143) ml/min. Excluding four cases of early surgical death, a total of 10 patients (14.5%) showed neurological dysfunction. Symptoms were coma in eight cases and motor paralysis in two. Three of these 10 cases were recovered without symptoms and six died. The early mortality rate was 19.2%. Significant differences in retrograde cerebral perfusion duration (49(20) versus 83(18) minutes, P0.001), superior vena cava pressure (23.2(7.2) versus 28.2(7.4) mmHg, P = 0.046), and preoperative cardiac arrest P0.05) were evident between groups with and without neurological dysfunction. There were no neurological dysfunctions in patients undergoing retrograde cerebral perfusion for60 minutes at under 30 mmHg of superior vena cava pressure. In conclusion, retrograde cerebral perfusion may be used to extend the duration of safe cerebral circulatory arrest.

Fluorocarbon films with low dielectric constants and high thermal resistance have been developed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using gas mixtures of fluorocarbons (e.g., C 4 F 8 ), hydrocarbons (e.g., C 2 H 2 ), and/or hydrogen. A conventional parallel plate electrode PECVD system was used as the reactor. We report dielectric constants lower than 2.4 with these fluorinated films. The thermal decomposition temperature was higher than 400°C and the glass transition temperature (Tg) was also higher than 450°C. This enables the use of organic films with very low dielectric constant in actual devices.

There is no direct evidence of the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled sodium cromoglycate (SCG). To investigate whether inhaled SCG has any effect on cellular infiltration into the bronchial mucosa and the expression of adhesion molecules in patients with asthma, biopsies of the bronchial mucosa were taken from nine patients with atopic bronchial asthma before and after treatment with inhaled SCG (8 mg x day(-1)) from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Eosinophils were stained with anti-EG2, neutrophils with anti-NP57, mast cells with anti-AA1, T-lymphocytes with anti-CD4, CD8 and CD3, and macrophages with anti-CD68. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) and P-selectin were stained at the same time as adhesion molecules expressed in vascular endothelium. The intensity of ICAM-1 expression in the bronchial epithelium was also evaluated. The numbers of eosinophils, mast cells, T-lymphocytes and macrophages were significantly reduced as a result of SCG administration, and the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 was also significantly inhibited. A significant correlation was found between ICAM-1 expression and T-lymphocytes and between VCAM-1 expression and eosinophils. It was concluded that sodium cromoglycate does have an effect on the infiltration of the bronchial mucosa by inflammatory cells and also on the expression of adhesion molecules.

Silver atoms (Ag°) were produced by γ-irradiation of frozen aqueous, ethanol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) solutions containing Ag+ at 77 K. Emission and excitation spectra of Ag° were measured at this temperature for these solutions. Aqueous solutions did not emit appreciably. Ethanol and MTHF solutions showed two emission bands centered at nearly 500 and 600 nm, which had short and long lifetimes, respectively. The intensity ratios for the two bands, i.e. I500/I600 were found to decrease with increasing excitation wavelength. The excitation spectra of Ag° in ethanol at 77 K showed that the threshold wavelengths for both emission bands are 360 nm. However, the threshold wavelengths for 500 and 600 nm bands are 360 and 400 nm, respectively, in MTHF. The ionization potentials of Ag° in these solutions were estimated from the Born equation. The observed results can be explained in terms of the photoionization of excited Ag°, and the formation of fluorescent complexes consisting of excited silver atoms and solvent molecules.

The lowest-energy satellite bands accompanying the O 1s mainline of CO 2 molecule have been investigated, using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The measurements were carried out at beamline 27 at SPring-8 in Japan with a high-resolution electron spectroscopy apparatus consisting of a hemispherical energy analyzer (SES-2002) combined with a gas cell. We found that the internal inelastic scattering is significant while the conjugate shake-up plays its role as well.

International audience; Auger decay spectra of CO subsequent to O 1s ionization with 549.85 eV photons, i.e. close to the top of the shape resonance, are presented. Their comparison with the normal Auger spectrum recorded at a photon energy well above the shape resonance reveals distinct features. In particular, in the energy region of the O 1s−1 → b1Π and O 1s−1 → a1Σ+ Auger transitions which are well known to consist of vibrational progressions, additional narrow lines are revealed by the spectra recorded at 549.85 eV. In a detailed fit analysis of these Auger spectra it was possible to show that the newly found lines do not exhibit the expected distortions caused by post-collision interaction. This observation identifies these lines as caused by a different mechanism, such as resonant Auger decay processes of doubly excited states. The transitions are assigned using energy and intensity arguments in combination with complementary angular distribution measurements for the Auger electrons.

STM and SEM observations have been made on the 7 × 7 ordering process of quenched Si(111)-1 × 1 surface and on quenched metastable atom complexes. All the triangular 7 × 7 domains nucleated in the 1 × 1 region have been found to have character 〈112〉. The rate-controlling process for the growth is the nucleation of a faulted half cell at the outermost edge of the triangular domain. Corner holes, instead of dimer rows play a critical role for the nucleation of the faulted half cell. The contrast of STM filled state images have been examined on the quenched complexes; it is dark for the centered adatoms of 9 × 9 and 11 × 11, and for all the adatoms of 2 × 2, c(2 × 4) and a defected half of unfaulted type which was found for the first time in the present work. In contrast with these complexes, the adatoms of √3 × √3 structure appear bright. These features are interpreted in terms of the charge transfer (between the adatoms and rest atoms) mechanism. Extreme stability has been noted for a triangular defect region of 1 × 1 (with side a ) in quenched Si(111) and has been attributed to the domain boundaries running from the apices of the triangular defect. The stability has been analysed quantitatively in terms of the energy versus a curve derived in this paper.

The effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on asthma symptoms and infiltration of the bronchial mucosa by inflammatory cells were investigated in an open study of 10 patients with mild-to-moderate nonatopic bronchial asthma. Asthma scores were recorded in an asthma diary. Peak expiratory flow (PEF), PEF diurnal variation (PEF%), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), methacholine airway hypersensitivity (minimum dose of methacholine) (Dmin) were measured. Biopsy of the bronchial mucosa was performed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with BDP (400 micrograms.day-1). The following inflammatory cells were immunostained: eosinophils with anti-EG2; mast cells with AA1; neutrophils with NP57; T-lymphocytes with anti-CD3, CD4, and CD8; and activated T-lymphocytes with anti-CD25. There was a significant improvement in the asthma symptom score, PEF%, FEV1%, and Dmin after BDP therapy and the number of EG2-, AA1-, CD3-, CD4-, and CD25-positive cells decreased significantly. We conclude that inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration of airway tissue and that associated with this there was an improvement of symptoms in this open study of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate in a group of nonatopic asthmatic subjects.

びまん浸潤型を呈する癌腫は胃に多く見られ, 全胃癌の約10%を占めるのに対して, 大腸においては全大腸癌症例の1%前後に見られるのみで比較的稀れな疾患である.このびまん浸潤型大腸癌は手術開腹時に既に広範囲に進展した症例が多く, 生物学的悪性度が極めて高いことが指摘されている.最近われわれはS状結腸の原発性びまん浸潤型大腸癌症例を経験したが, 開腹時の腹壁切開過程で, 臍より隔たった腹直筋層内に小指頭大の転移巣を確認し, さらに術後3カ月後には, 前胸部に数カ所の皮膚転移巣を形成するなど, かって経験したことのない転移形成を示した症例であった.びまん浸潤型大腸癌は一般にリンパ節転移, 腹膜播種が著明であり, 肝転移は比較的少ないとされるが, 腹腔外遠隔転移をきたした症例報告はさらに稀れである.本邦におけるびまん浸潤型大腸癌報告症例を渉猟し, とくに遠隔転移に関して検討した.

International audience; We report on the first measurements of the electron impact electronic excitation cross sections for C(4)F(6) isomers, hexafluoro-1,3-butadiene (1,3-C(4)F(6)), hexafluorocyclobutene (c-C(4)F(6)), and hexafluoro-2-butyne (2-C(4)F(6)), measured at 100 eV, 3° scattering angle, while sweeping the energy loss over the range 2.0-15.0 eV. Under these experimental conditions, optically allowed transitions are favored. The electronic state spectroscopy has been investigated and the assignments supported by quantum chemical calculations. The n = 3 members of the Rydberg series have been assigned converging to the lowest ionization energy limits of the C(4)F(6) isomers and classified according to the magnitude of the quantum defects (δ).

A new experimental technique for the measurements of the total cross section for electron scattering from atoms and molecules at very low energy is described. Momentum transfer cross sections for scattering from Ar, Kr and Xe at very low energies were carefully derived using the modified effective range theory from the recently measured total cross sections, which were obtained with a new experimental technique utilizing the threshold photoelectron source. A significant discrepancy between the momentum cross sections derived from the present analysis and those determined in the previous electron swarm studies was found at energies below 100 meV. The findings emphasize the need of further high precision experiments in the very low energy region as well as re-analysis of the previous swarm data.

The roles of medicine including intensivists against natural mega-disaster followed by artificial disaster are discussed.

Magnetic-field-free measurements of the absolute total cross sections (TCS) for positron-neon scattering have been performed. In the energy range of 9–15 eV, the present results are larger than those of the other groups except for the Toronto group.

We measured the optical conductivity spectra of SrV${}_{10}$O${}_{15}$ with V${}^{2.8+}$, which exhibits an insulating behavior without any phase transition, and compared the results with those of BaV${}_{10}$O${}_{15}$, which shows orbital ordering below ${T}_{c}=123$ K. We found that a soft gap opens at the lowest temperature but it collapses with increasing temperature in SrV${}_{10}$O${}_{15}$, in contrast to a finite charge gap ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.3$ eV) in BaV${}_{10}$O${}_{15}$ below ${T}_{c}$. We also found that the difference of the conductivity spectra between SrV${}_{10}$O${}_{15}$ and BaV${}_{10}$O${}_{15}$ evolves even above ${T}_{c}$ of Ba, indicating that the fluctuation of orbital ordering produces a pseudogap in BaV${}_{10}$O${}_{15}$.

The etiology of achalasia is believed to be the neuropathy associated with chronic inflammation of the nerve plexus, but the cause of plexus inflammation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pathophysiology of achalasia by examining the muscularis externa of the esophagus. We used the muscularis externa of the esophagus of 62 patients with achalasia (median 44 years, male : female 32:30) who underwent surgical treatment (achalasia group) and of 10 patients (median 65.5 years, male : female 9:1) who underwent esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer (control group) to perform immunohistochemical staining with S-100, CD43, c-kit (CD117), n-NOS, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and ubiquitin. The cell counts that were positive for S-100, n-NOS, VIP, and ubiquitin were significantly lower in the achalasia group compared with the control group (P0.001, P= 0.001, P0.001, and P= 0.001, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to CD43 and c-kit staining (P= 0.586 and P= 0.209, respectively). In conclusion, the pathophysiology of achalasia is therefore considered to be an impaired production of NO and VIP, which both affect interstitial cell of Cajal and smooth muscles, and this impairment is therefore considered to play a role in the pathophysiology of achalasia.