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1. 30-Day Readmission Rate of Patients with COPD and Its Associated Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital

Author

Kee YS, Wong CK, Abdul Aziz MA, Zakaria MI, Mohd Shaarif F, Ng KS, Liam CK, Pang YK, and Khoo EM

Subjects
copd, exacerbation, readmission, baseline mmrc, nurse educator, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Yan Shen Kee,1 Chee Kuan Wong,1 Muhammad Anis Abdul Aziz,1 Mohd Idzwan Zakaria,2 Fatimah Mohd Shaarif,2 Kee Seong Ng,1 Chong Kin Liam,1 Yong Kek Pang,1 Ee Ming Khoo3 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Academic Unit Trauma and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 3Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Chee Kuan Wong, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia, Tel +60178712807, Email cheekuanwong76@gmail.comPurpose: Readmission of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been used as a measure of performance for COPD care. This study aimed to determine the rate of readmission of COPD in tertiary care hospital in Malaysia and its associated factors.Patients and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia from 1st January to 21st May 2019. Seventy admissions for COPD exacerbation involving 58 patients were analyzed.Results: The majority of the patients were male (89.8%), had a mean age of 71.95 ± 7.24 years and a median smoking history of 40 (IQR = 25) pack-years, 84.5% were in GOLD group D and 91.4% had a mMRC grading of 2 or greater. Approximately 60.3% had upper or lower respiratory tract infection as the cause of exacerbation; one in five patients had uncompensated hypercapnic respiratory failure at presentation, and 27.6% needed mechanical ventilatory support. Approximately 43.1% of patients had a history of exacerbation that required hospitalisation in the past year. The mean blood eosinophil concentration was 0.38 ± 0.46 x109 cells/L. The 30-day readmission rate was 20.3%, revisit rate to the emergency room within 30 days after discharge was 3.4%, and in-hospital mortality rate was 1.7%. Among all characteristics, a higher baseline mMRC grade (p = 0.038) and history of exacerbation in the past 1 year (p < 0.001) were statistically associated with 30-day readmission.Conclusion: The 30-day readmission rate for COPD exacerbation in a Malaysian tertiary hospital is similar to the rates in high-income countries. Exacerbation in the previous year and a higher baseline mMRC grading were significant risk factors for 30-day readmission in patients with COPD. Strategies of COPD management should concentrate on improvement of symptoms control by optimisation of pharmacotherapy, and early initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation, and structured integrated care programs to reduce readmission rates.Keywords: COPD, exacerbation, readmission, baseline mMRC, nurse educator

Published
2023

2. Trends and patterns of analgesic prescribing in Malaysian public hospitals from 2010 to 2016: tramadol predominately used

Author

Zin CS, Nazar NI, Rahman NS, Alias NE, Ahmad WR, Rani NS, Cardosa MS, Ng KS, and Ye FL

Subjects
Trends of prescribing, patterns, analgesics, tramadol, NSAIDs, opioids, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Che Suraya Zin,1 Nor Ilyani Nazar,1 Norny Syafinaz Rahman,1 Nor Elina Alias,1 Wan Rohaidah Ahmad,2 Nurul Sahida Rani,3 Mary Suma Cardosa,4 Kim Swan Ng,4 Felicia Loh Ye5 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia; 2Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; 3Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; 4Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves, Malaysia; 5Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves, Malaysia Purpose: To examine the trends of analgesic prescribing at public tertiary hospital outpatient settings and explore the patterns of their utilization in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tramadol, and opioid patients. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2010 to 2016 using the prescription databases of two tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. Prescriptions for nine NSAIDs (ketoprofen, diclofenac, celecoxib, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, meloxicam, mefenamic acid, and naproxen), tramadol, and five other opioids (morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, dihydrocodeine, and buprenorphine) were included in this study. Annual number of patients and prescriptions were measured in repeat cross-sectional estimates. Descriptive statistics and linear trend analysis were performed using Stata version 13. Results: A total of 192,747 analgesic prescriptions of the nine NSAIDs, tramadol, and five other opioids were given for 97,227 patients (51.8% NSAIDs patients, 46.6% tramadol patients, and 1.7% opioid patients) from 2010 to 2016. Tramadol (37.9%, n=72,999) was the most frequently prescribed analgesic, followed by ketoprofen (17.5%, n=33,793), diclofenac (16.2%, n=31,180), celecoxib (12.2%, n=23,487), and other NSAIDs (

Published
2018

4. Towards Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management in Malaysia

Author

Ng, KS, Yeoh, L, Iacovidou, E, Wan Ab Karim Ghani, WA, and Yamaguchi, A

Abstract

This work is part of the SYNERGORS project (“A Systems Approach to Synergistic Utilisation of Secondary Organic Streams”) funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R012938/1) through the UKRI/NERC Industrial Innovation Fellowship Programme (2018-2021). This project was led by Dr Kok Siew Ng at University of Oxford. Website: https://eng.ox.ac.uk/synergors Project summary report: https://eng.ox.ac.uk/media/10670/synergors-final-report.pdf EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and the lack of strategic improvements on solid waste management in Malaysia require urgently the attention of the government and the public.It has been estimated that 1.17 kg/capita/day of MSW is generated in Malaysia, 65% of which is household solid waste that has doubled over the past 20 years due to population growth and urbanisation. Without a sufficient waste treatment and recycling infrastructure in place, most of the MSW is destined to continue to be landfilled. Not only it can cause pollution and health hazards, MSW is also one of the major sources of global methane emissions accounting for 11%. As methane is the second largest contributor of global greenhouse gas emissions after carbon dioxide, it is critical that Malaysia develops systemic sound solid waste management as part of its climate actions guided by the Paris agreement. Also, by treating waste as resource, the recent shift in the government strategy to move towards the circular economy should be aligned with SDG 12 targets (Responsible Consumption and Production). Although the quantity of recyclable waste collected tripled between 2018 and 2021, the officially reported recycling rate of 31.5% in 2021 remains questionable as the recycling infrastructure in Malaysia is not yet well established. This points to the significant efforts Malaysia needs to make to move towards a sustainable waste management regime, and to achieve its ambition for reaching a recycling target of 40% by 2025. Malaysia started implementing a plan for moving towards sustainable waste management in the early 1990s. However, the recycling programmes were not well received by the public at that time, and it was only in 2001, that policy goals for sustainable waste management have been included in the regulatory landscape through the 8th Malaysia Plan (2001-2005). In 2005, the National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management was developed to guide solid waste policy planning and resource allocation. Two years after, the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 (Act 672) was created that came into enforcement in September 2011 in six out of the thirteen states (Perlis, Kedah, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor) and two out of the three federal territories (i.e. Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya). This partial adoption of the Act has created inconsistency in waste management and planning as well as incomplete waste data gathering. This,has led to ineffective waste management practices, that, in turn, resulted in long-term environmental, economic and social consequences. Even though sustainable waste management goals continue to be included in the recent 12th Malaysia Plan (2021-2025), the lack of public awareness on the importance of source separation of waste and recycling prevents progress in this field. The infrastructure for waste collection and treatment is also insufficient to serve the needs. All these factors have created significant barriers for Malaysia to realise sustainable waste management. UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R012938/1)

Published
2023

9. Bioprocess decision support tool for scalable manufacture of extracellular vesicles

Author

Ng, KS, Smith, JA, McAteer, MP, Mead, BE, Ware, J, Jackson, FO, Carter, A, Ferreira, L, Bure, K, Rowley, JA, Reeve, B, Brindley, DA, Karp, JM, Ng, KS, Smith, JA, McAteer, MP, Mead, BE, Ware, J, Jackson, FO, Carter, A, Ferreira, L, Bure, K, Rowley, JA, Reeve, B, Brindley, DA, and Karp, JM

Abstract

© 2018 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Newly recognized as natural nanocarriers that deliver biological information between cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, provide unprecedented therapeutic opportunities. Large-scale and cost-effective manufacturing is imperative for EV products to meet commercial and clinical demands; successful translation requires careful decisions that minimize financial and technological risks. Here, we develop a decision support tool (DST) that computes the most cost-effective technologies for manufacturing EVs at different scales, by examining the costs of goods associated with using published protocols. The DST identifies costs of labor and consumables during EV harvest as key cost drivers, substantiating a need for larger-scale, higher-throughput, and automated technologies for harvesting EVs. Importantly, we highlight a lack of appropriate technologies for meeting clinical demands, and propose a potentially cost-effective solution. This DST can facilitate decision-making very early on in development and be used to predict, and better manage, the risk of process changes when commercializing EV products.

Published
2022

12. Development of a system model to predict flows and performance of regional waste management planning: A case study of England

Author

Ng, KS and Yang, A

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, circular economy, sustainable waste management, systems thinking, General Medicine, recycling, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Solid Waste, resource recovery, Refuse Disposal, Waste Disposal Facilities, Waste Management, Food, stock-and-flow, Recycling, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

Data availability: Data will be made available on request. Appendix A. Supplementary data: The following is the Supplementary data to this article: Multimedia component 1, available at: https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0301479722021582-mmc1.docx (Word document, 144KB). Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Significant loss of valuable resources and increasing burdens on landfills are often associated with a lack of proper planning in waste management and resource recovery strategy. A sustainable waste management model is thus urgently needed to improve resource efficiency and divert more waste from landfills. This paper proposes a comprehensive system model using stock-and-flow diagram to examine the current waste management performance and project the future waste generation, treatment and disposal scenarios, using England as a case study. The model comprises three integrated modules to represent household waste generation and collection; waste treatment and disposal; and energy recovery. A detailed mass and energy balance has been established and waste management performance has been evaluated using six upstream and downstream indicators. The base case scenario that assumes constant waste composition shows that waste to landfills can be reduced to less than 10% of the total amount, by 2035. However, it entails greater diversion of waste to energy-from-waste facilities, which is not sustainable and would incur higher capital investment and gate fees. Alternative case scenarios that promote recycling instead of energy recovery result in lower capital investment and gate fees. Complete elimination of the food and organic fraction from the residual waste stream will help meet the 65% recycling target by 2035. In light of the need for achieving a more circular economy in England, enhancing material recovery through reuse and recycling, reducing reliance on energy-from-waste and deploying more advanced waste valorisation technologies should be considered in future policy and planning for waste management. UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R012938/1) through the UKRI/NERC Industrial Innovation Fellowship Programme.

Published
2023

13. An elderly couple with COVID-19 pneumonia treated in Singapore: contrasting clinical course and management

Author

Kenneth Chan, Pau Lin Constance Lo, Keng Hong Leong, Ng Ks, Sin Yew Wong, and Seng Hoe Tan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clinical course, General Medicine, Pneumonia treated, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, medicine, Viral therapy, Disease management (health), Intensive care medicine, business, Letter to the Editor
Published
2020

14. SYNERGORS - A Systems Approach to Synergistic Utilisation of Secondary Organic Streams. Final Project Report

Author

Ng, KS, Hatton, L, and Martinez-Hernandez, E

Abstract

The SYNERGORS Final Project Report is available at: https://eng.ox.ac.uk/synergors/publications/ Executive Summary: The SYNERGORS project (“A systems approach to synergistic utilisation of secondary organic streams”) was funded by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), running from 2018 to 2021. The project aimed to develop new systems approaches for promoting resource recovery from secondary organic waste streams including food waste, residual biomass and municipal solid waste. The project received support from more than 10 UK and international organisations, including academia, industry and policymakers, to provide multidisciplinary expertise to address the global challenges in resources and waste management. The formation of the core team was greatly assisted by the British Council / Newton Fund Researcher Links workshops, with collaboration between the British, Malaysian, Mexican and Brazilian academics. The SYNERGORS project has led to substantial impacts beyond academia, resulting in 9 academic publications, new experimental studies with Anaero Technology, a number of engagement activities and international visits (including case studies in Malaysia, Brazil and Mexico), and the creation of the Society of Circular, Regenerative and Sustainable Systems (CRES) which aims to promote systems thinking and circular economy. SYNERGORS’s research spans three themes: Theme 1: Strategic analysis for sustainable organic resources and waste management to achieve circular economy and net zero Theme. 2: Development of novel resource recovery and valorisation technology concept Theme. 3: Development of innovative biorefinery system design. Key Recommendations from SYNERGORS 1. Waste and recycling industries should move away from a treatment-oriented waste management approach and adopt a more transformative and innovative resource recovery approach to achieve a more circular economy. 2. A systems approach to addressing waste management is needed to promote collaboration among different groups of stakeholders (e.g. government, local authorities, waste and recycling industries, commercial sector, public etc.) 3. Resources embedded in organic waste streams should be exploited for value-added products such 4 as chemicals and hydrogen. This requires significant revamp on existing waste treatment facilities. Further research is needed to improve system efficiency and achieve greater cost reduction. This work was supported by the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R012938/1) through the UKRI/NERC Industrial Innovation Fellowship Programme.

Published
2021
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16. Cardiac arrhythmia triggered by diuretic-induced hyponatremia

Author

Lu, HT, Loo, HC, Ng, KS, Wong, YO, and Nordin, R

Subjects
nutritional and metabolic diseases, Case Report
Abstract

Diuretics have a long and distinguished history in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Clinical practice guidelines recommend that diuretics should be considered to be as suitable as other antihypertensive agents for the initiation and maintenance of antihypertensive treatment. However, diuretics may potentially cause electrolyte disturbances and metabolic side effects. Diuretic-induced hyponatremia is probably more prevalent than generally acknowledged. We present an unusual case of indapamide-induced hyponatremia and hypokalemia complicated by cardiac arrhythmia. The adverse drug reaction was reversible and non-life-threatening, but this case serves as a reminder that careful evaluation and constant monitoring are necessary when prescribing diuretics.

Published
2019

17. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

Author

Perkovic, V., Jardine, M. J., Neal, B., Bompoint, S., Heerspink, H. J. L., Charytan, D. M., Edwards, R., Agarwal, R., Bakris, G., Bull, S., Cannon, C. P., Capuano, G., Chu, P. -L., De Zeeuw, D., Greene, T., Levin, A., Pollock, C., Wheeler, D. C., Yavin, Y., Zhang, H., Zinman, B., Meininger, G., Brenner, B. M., Mahaffey, K. W., Perkovic, V, Mahaffey, Kw, Agarwal, R, Bakris, G, Brenner, Bm, Cannon, Cp, Charytan, Dm, de Zeeuw, D, Greene, T, Jardine, Mj, Heerspink, Hjl, Levin, A, Meininger, G, Neal, B, Pollock, C, Wheeler, Dc, Zhang, H, Zinman, B, Mcguire, Dk, Holman, R, Home, P, Scharfstein, D, Parfrey, P, Shahinfar, S, August, P, Chang, T, Sinha, Ad, Januzzi, J, Kolansky, D, Amerena, J, Hillis, G, Gorelick, P, Kissela, B, Kasner, S, Lindley, R, Fulcher, G, Ounadjela, S, Hufert, K, von Ingersleben, G, Gaglia, J, Harris, R, Hudson, M, Turchin, A, Cheifetz, A, Sheth, S, Feuerstein, J, Cohen, S, Jardine, M, Li, N, Kolesnyk, I, Aizenberg, D, Pecoits-Filho, R, Cherney, D 3rd, Obrador, G, Chertow, G, Hawley, C, Ji, L, Wada, T, Jha, V, Lim, Sk, Lim-Abrahan, Ma, Santos, F, Chae, Dw, Hwang, Sj, Vazelov, E, Rychlík, I, Hadjadj, S, Krane, V, Rosivall, L, De Nicola, L, Dreval, A, Nowicki, M, Schiller, A, Distiller, L, Górriz, Jl, Kolesnyk, M, Morren, F, Goykhman, S, David, C, Yost, L, Wang, H, Hettiarachchi, M, Thimmaiah, R, Koppolu, D, George, S, Schmidt, M, Ignjatovic, J, Chapin, L, Travis, K, Destree, M, Sood, V, Coffee, L, De Brouwer, K, Zaviriukha, V, Starzec, A, Koizumi, M, Lin, G, Chen, E, Lin, P, Leia, C, Mascaro, D, Amigo, A, Limos, A, Abrahamsen, I, Jaffer, S, Ahuad Guerrero RA, Albisu, Jp, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, Ma, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, Mc, Cartasegna, Lr, Cercos, E, Coloma, Gc, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, Ca, Cusumano, Am, Douthat, Wg, Dran, Rd, Farias, E, Fernandez, Mf, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, Jo, Garcia, Nh, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, Ja, Gonzalez, Jp, Gonzalez Colaso PDC, Goycoa, C, Greloni, Gc, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, Li, Klyver, Mi, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, Pv, Leon de la Fuente RA, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, Pa, Orio, Si, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Raffaele, P, Resk, Jh, Rista, L, Rodriguez Papini, N, Sala, J, Santos, Jc, Schiavi, Lb, Sessa, H, Smith Casabella, T, Ulla, Mr, Valdez, M, Vallejos, A, Villarino, A, Visco, Ve, Wassermann, A, Zaidman, Cj, Cheung, Nw, Droste, C, Fraser, I, Johnson, D, Mah, Pm, Nicholls, K, Packham, D, Proietto, J, Roberts, A, Roger, S, Tsang, V, Raduan, Ra, Alves da Costa FA, Amodeo, C, Andreotti Turatti LA, Bregman, R, Camelo Sanches FC, Canani, Lh, Chacra, Ar, Cunha Borges JL, Cunha Vêncio SA, da Silva Franco RJ, D'Avila, D, de Souza Portes, E, de Souza, P, Deboni, Lm, Filho, Ff, Geloneze Neto, B, Gomes, M, Kohara, Sk, Keitel, E, Kerr Saraiva JF, Kurtz Lisboa HR, de Carvalho Contieri FL, Milagres, R, Montenegro Junior, R, Moreira de Brito, C, Nazzer Hissa, M, Nazario Sabbag ÂR, Noronha, I, Panarotto, D, Pecoits Filho, R, Pereira, Ma, Saporito, W, Scotton, As, Schuch, T, Simões de Almeida, R, Slompo Ramos, C, Soares Felício, J, Thomé, F, Tibes Hachmann JC, Yamada, S, Yoiti Hayashida, C, Zanata Petry TB, Zanella, Mt, Andreeva, V, Angelova, A, Dimitrov, S, Genadieva, V, Genova-Hristova, G, Hristozov, K, Kamenov, Z, Koundurdjiev, A, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Nonchev, B, Rangelov, R, Shinkov, A, Temelkova, M, Velichkova, E, Yakov, A, Aggarwal, N, Aronson, R, Bajaj, H, Chouinard, G, Conway, J, Cournoyer, S, Daroza, G, De Serres, S, Dubé, F, Goldenberg, R, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Henein, S, Khandwala, H, Leiter, L, Madore, F, Mcmahon, A, Muirhead, N, Pichette, V, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Steele, A, Tangri, N, Torshizi, A, Woo, V, Zalunardo, N, Fernández Montenegro MA, Godoy Jorquera JG, Medina Fariña, M, Saavedra Gajardo, V, Vejar, M, Chen, N, Chen, Q, Gan, S, Kong, Y, Li, D, Li, W, Li, X, Lin, H, Liu, J, Lu, W, Mao, H, Ren, Y, Song, W, Sun, J, Sun, L, Tu, P, Wang, G, Yang, J, Yin, A, Yu, X, Zhao, M, Zheng, H, Accini Mendoza JL, Arcos, E, Avendano, J, Diaz Ruiz JEA, Garcia Ortiz LH, Gonzalez, A, Hernandez Triana, E, Higuera, Jd, Malaver, N, Molina de Salazar DI, Rosero, R, Terront Lozano MA, Valderrama Cometa, L, Valenzuela, A, Vargas Alonso RD, Villegas, I, Yupanqui, H, Bartaskova, D, Barton, P, Belobradkova, J, Dohnalova, L, Drasnar, T, Ferkl, R, Halciakova, K, Klokocnikova, V, Kovar, R, Lastuvka, J, Lukac, M, Pesickova, S, Peterka, K, Pumprla, J, Rychlik, I, Saudek, F, Tesar, V, Valis, M, Weiner, P, Zemek, S, Alamartine, E, Borot, S, Cariou, B, Dussol, B, Fauvel, Jp, Gourdy, P, Klein, A, Le Meur, Y, Penfornis, A, Roussel, R, Saulnier, Pj, Thervet, E, Zaoui, P, Burst, V, Faghih, M, Faulmann, G, Haller, H, Jerwan-Keim, R, Maxeiner, S, Paschen, B, Plassmann, G, Rose, L, Gonzalez Orellana RA, Haase, Fp, Moreira Diaz JP, Ramirez Roca LA, Sánchez Arenales JA, Sanchez Polo JV, Turcios Juarez, E, Csecsei, G, Csiky, B, Danos, P, Deak, L, Dudas, M, Harcsa, E, Keltai, K, Keresztesi, S, Kiss, K, Konyves, L, Major, L, Mileder, M, Molnar, M, Mucsi, J, Oroszlan, T, Ory, I, Paragh, G, Peterfai, E, Petro, G, Revesz, K, Takacs, R, Vangel, S, Vasas, S, Zsom, M, Abraham, O, Bhushan, Rs, Deepak, D, Edwin, Fm, Gopalakrishnan, N, Gracious, N, Hansraj, A, Jain, D, Keshavamurthy, Cb, Khullar, D, Manisha, S, Peringat, J, Prasad, N, Satyanarayana, Rk, Sreedhar, R, Sreelatha, M, Sudhakar, B, Vyasam, Rc, Bonadonna, R, Castellino, P, Ceriello, A, Chiovato, L, De Cosmo, S, Derosa, G, Di Carlo, A, Di Cianni, G, Frascà, G, Fuiano, G, Gambaro, G, Garibotto, G, Giorda, C, Malberti, F, Mandreoli, M, Mannucci, E, Orsi, E, Piatti, P, Santoro, D, Sasso, Fc, Serviddio, G, Stella, A, Trevisan, R, Veronelli, Am, Zanoli, L, Akiyama, H, Aoki, H, Asano, A, Iitsuka, T, Kajiyama, S, Kashine, S, Kawada, T, Kodera, T, Kono, H, Koyama, K, Kumeda, Y, Miyauchi, S, Mizuyama, K, Niiya, T, Oishi, H, Ota, S, Sakakibara, T, Takai, M, Tomonaga, O, Tsujimoto, M, Wakasugi, M, Wakida, Y, Watanabe, T, Yamada, M, Yanagida, K, Yanase, T, Yumita, W, Gaupsiene, E, Kozloviene, D, Navickas, A, Urbanaviciene, E, Abdul Ghani, R, Abdul Kadir, K, Ali, N, Che Yusof MD, Gan, Cl, Ismail, M, Kong, Wy, Lam, Sw, Lee, Ly, Loh, Cl, Manocha, Ab, Ng, Ks, Nik Ahmad NNF, Ratnasingam, V, Bin Shudim SS, Vengadasalam, P, Abraira Munoz LD, Salazar, Ma, Cruz, Jb, Soto, Mb, Ramos, Jc, Wong, Ac, Correa Rotter JR, Diaz Escalante, T, Enriquez Sosa FE, Flores Lozano, F, Flota Cervera LF, Frenk Baron, P, Garcia Ballesteros, C, Gomez Rangel JD, Herrera Jimenez LE, Irizar Santana SS, Jimenez Florez, F, Laviada Molina, H, Luna Ceballos RI, Martin Del Camp Blanco, B, Morales Franco, G, Moreno Loza OT, Mustieles Rocha, C, Obrador Vera, G, Orozco Castellanos, R, Peralta Calcaneo, J, Reyes Rosano MA, Rodriguez Pattzi, H, Rosas Guzman, J, Rucker Joerg IE, Saaveddra Sanchez SB, Sanchez Mijangos JH, Serrano Sanson, P, Tamayo, Y Orozco JA, Tellez Chavez, E, Valdes Depeda, A, Venegas Carrillo, L, Villagordoa Mesa, J, Zamarripa Escobedo, R, Baker, J, Noonan, P, Scott, R, Walker, R, Watson, E, Williams, M, Young, S, Abejuela, Z, Agra, J, Aquitania, G, Caringal, C, Comia, Rs, Delos Santos, L, Gomez, O, Jimeno, C, Tan, G, Tolentino, M, Yao, C, Yap, Ye, Ygpuara, Mdl, Bijata-Bronisz, R, Hotlos, L, Januszewicz, A, Kaczmarek, B, Kaminska, A, Lazuka, L, Madej, A, Mazur, S, Mlodawska-Choluj, D, Orlowska-Kowalik, G, Popenda, G, Rewerska, B, Sowinski, D, Angelescu, Lm, Anghel, V, Avram, Ri, Busegeanu, Mm, Cif, A, Cosma, D, Crisan, C, Demian, Ld, Ferariu, Ie, Halmagyi, I, Hancu, N, Munteanu, M, Negru, D, Onaca, Ag, Petrica, L, Popa, Ar, Ranetti, Ae, Serafinceanu, C, Toarba, C, Agafyina, A, Barbarash, O, Barysheva, O, Chizhov, D, Dobronravov, V, Glinkina, I, Grineva, E, Khirmanov, V, Kolmakova, E, Koroleva, T, Kvitkova, L, Marasaev, V, Mkrtumyan, A, Morugova, T, Nagibovich, G, Nagibovich, O, Nedogoda, S, Osipova, I, Raskina, T, Samoylova, Y, Sazonova, O, Shamkhalova, M, Shutemova, E, Shwartz, Y, Uriasyev, O, Vorobyev, S, Zateyshchikova, A, Zateyshshikov, D, Zykova, T, Antic, S, Djordjevic, M, Kendereski, A, Lalic, K, Lalic, N, Popovic-Radinovic, V, Babikova, J, Benusova, O, Buganova, I, Culak, J, Dzupina, A, Dzuponova, J, Fulop, P, Ilavska, A, Martinka, E, Ochodnicka, Z, Pella, D, Smatanova, I, Ahmed, F, Badat, A, Breedt, J, Govender, V, Govender, R, Joshi, M, Jurgens, J, Latiff, G, Lombard, L, Mookadam, M, Ngcakani, N, Nortje, H, Oosthuizen, H, Pillay-Ramaya, L, Prozesky, H, Reddy, J, Rheeder, P, Seeber, M, Cho, Ym, Jeong, Ik, Kim, Sg, Kim, Yh, Kwon, Hs, Kwon, Mj, Lee, Bw, Lee, J, Lee, Mk, Nam, Ms, Oh, Kh, Park, Cy, Park, Sh, Yoon, Kh, Alvarez Garcia, P, Asmarats Mercadal, L, Barrios, C, Cereto Castro, F, Cigarran Guldris, S, Dominquez Lopez, M, Egido de Los Rios, J, Fernandez Fresnedo, G, Galan Serrano, A, Garcia, I, Gonzalez Martinez FJ, Jodar Gimeno JE, Muñoz Lopez Mendoza, M, Malek Marin, T, Morales Portillo, C, Munar Vila MA, Muñoz Torres, M, Nieto Iglesias, J, Pantoja Perez, J, Perez Vera, M, Portoles Perez JM, Quesada Simón MA, Simo Canonge, R, Soto Gonzalez, A, Terns Riera, M, Tinahones Madueno FJ, Plaza, Mv, Chang, Ct, Chuang, Lm, Hsia, Tl, Hsieh, Ch, Lin, Cc, Lu, Yc, Sheu, Wh, Barna, O, Bilyk, Sd, Botsyurko, V, Dudar, I, Fushtey, I, Godlevska, O, Golovchenko, O, Gyrina, O, Kazmirchuk, A, Komisarenko, I, Korzh, O, Kravchun, N, Legun, O, Mankovskyy, B, Martynyuk, L, Mostovoy, Y, Pashkovska, N, Pererva, L, Pertseva, T, Samoylov, O, Smirnov, I, Svyshchenko, Y, Tomashkevych, H, Topchii, I, Tryshchuk, N, Tseluyko, V, Vizir, V, Vlasenko, M, Zlova, T, Zub, L, Abusnana, S, Railey, M, Abouglila, K, Ainsworth, P, Ali, Z, Arutchelvam, V, Barnard, M, Bellary, S, Davies, E, Davies, M, Davies, S, Dawson, A, El Kossi, M, English, P, Fraser, D, Gnudi, L, Gunstone, A, Hall, T, Hanif, W, Jackson, A, Johnson, A, Joseph, F, Krishnan, S, Kumwenda, M, Macdougall, I, Nixon, P, O'Hare, J, Philip, S, Ramtoola, S, Saxena, M, Sennik, D, Simon, G, Singh, B, Stephens, J, Strzelecka, A, Symonds, R, Turner, W, Wahba, M, Wakeling, J, Wheeler, D, Winocour, P, Abdallah, J, Abdullah, R, Abramowitz, M, Acosta, I, Aiello, J, Akright, L, Akyea-Djamson, A, Alappan, R, Alicic, R, Al-Karadsheh, A, Allison, Dc, Arauz-Pacheco, C, Arfeen, S, Arif, A, Arvind, M, Atray, N, Awad, A, Barnhill, P, Barranco, E, Barrera, C, Beacom, M, Behara, V, Belo, D, Bentley-Lewis, R, Berenguer, R, Bermudez, L, Bernardo, M, Biscoveanu, M, Bowman-Stroud, C, Brandon, D, Brusco, O, Busch, R, Canaan, Y, Chilito, A, Christensen, T, Christiano, C, Christofides, E, Chuateco, C, Cohen, K, Cohen, R, Cohen-Stein, D, Cook, C, Coyne, D, Daboul, N, Darwish, R, Daswani, A, Deck, K, Desouza, C, Dev, D, Dhillon, M, Dua, S, Eder, F, Elosegui, Am, El-Shahawy, M, Ervin, J, Esquenazi, A, Evans, J, Fishbane, S, Frias, J, Galindo-Ramos, E, Galphin, C, Ghazi, A, Gonzalez, E, Gorson, D, Gowda, A, Greco, B, Grubb, S, Gulati, R, Hammoud, J, Handelsman, S, Hartman, I, Hershon, K, Hiser, D, Hon, G, Jacob, R, Jaime, M, Jamal, A, Kaupke, C, Keightley, G, Kern, E, Khanna, R, Khitan, Z, Kim, S, Kopyt, N, Kovesdy, C, Krishna, G, Kropp, J, Kumar, A, Kumar, J, Kumar, N, Kusnir, J, Lane, W, Lawrence, M, Lehrner, L, Lentz, J, Levinson, D, Lewis, D, Liss, K, Maddux, A, Maheshwari, H, Mandayam, S, Marar, I, Mehta, B, Middleton, J, Mordujovich, J, Moreda, R, Moustafa, M, Mujica Trenche, S, Narayanan, M, Narvarte, J, Nassar, T, Newman, G, Nichol, B, Nicol, P, Nisnisan, J, Nossuli, Ak, Obialo, C, Olelewe, S, Oliver, M, O'Shaughnessy, A, Padron, J, Pankhaniya, R, Parker, R, Patel, D, Patel, G, Patel, N, Pavon, H, Perez, A, Perez, C, Perlman, A, Pettis, K, Pharr, W, Phillips, A, Purighalla, R, Quesada-Suarez, L, Ranjan, R, Rastogi, S, Rendell, M, Rich, L, Robinson, M, Rodriguez, H, Rosas, S, Saba, F, Sankaram, R, Sarin, R, Schreiman, R, Scott, D, Sekkarie, M, Sensenbrenner, J, Shakeel, M, Shanik, M, Shaw, S, Smith, S, Solomon, R, Sprague, A, Spry, L, Suchinda, P, Sultan, S, Surampudi, P, Sussman, S, Tan, A, Terrelonge, A, Thompson, M, Trespalacios, F, Trippe, B, Trueba, P, Twahirwa, M, Updegrove, J, Van Buren, P, Vannorsdall, M, Varghese, F, Velasquez-Mieyer, P, Ventrapragada, S, Vukotic, G, Wadud, K, Warren, M, Watson, H, Watts, R, Weiner, D, Welker, J, Welsh, J, Williams, S, Zaniewski-Singh, M., Perkovic, Vlado, Jardine, Meg J, Neal, Bruce, Bompoint, Severine, Heerspink, Hiddo J L, Charytan, David M, Edwards, Robert, Agarwal, Rajiv, Bakris, George, Bull, Scott, Cannon, Christopher P, Capuano, George, Chu, Pei-Ling, de Zeeuw, Dick, Greene, Tom, Levin, Adeera, Pollock, Carol, Wheeler, David C, Yavin, Yshai, Zhang, Hong, Zinman, Bernard, Meininger, Gary, Brenner, Barry M, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, collaborator: Perkovic, V, Mahaffey, Kw, Agarwal, R, Bakris, G, Brenner, Bm, Cannon, Cp, Charytan, Dm, de Zeeuw, D, Greene, T, Jardine, Mj, Heerspink, Hjl, Levin, A, Meininger, G, Neal, B, Pollock, C, Wheeler, Dc, Zhang, H, Zinman, B, Mcguire, Dk, Holman, R, Home, P, Scharfstein, D, Parfrey, P, Shahinfar, S, August, P, Chang, T, Sinha, Ad, Januzzi, J, Kolansky, D, Amerena, J, Hillis, G, Gorelick, P, Kissela, B, Kasner, S, Lindley, R, Fulcher, G, Ounadjela, S, Hufert, K, von Ingersleben, G, Gaglia, J, Harris, R, Hudson, M, Turchin, A, Cheifetz, A, Sheth, S, Feuerstein, J, Cohen, S, Jardine, M, Li, N, Kolesnyk, I, Aizenberg, D, Pecoits-Filho, R, Cherney, D 3rd, Obrador, G, Chertow, G, Hawley, C, Ji, L, Wada, T, Jha, V, Lim, Sk, Lim-Abrahan, Ma, Santos, F, Chae, Dw, Hwang, Sj, Vazelov, E, Rychlík, I, Hadjadj, S, Krane, V, Rosivall, L, De Nicola, L, Dreval, A, Nowicki, M, Schiller, A, Distiller, L, Górriz, Jl, Kolesnyk, M, Morren, F, Goykhman, S, David, C, Yost, L, Wang, H, Hettiarachchi, M, Thimmaiah, R, Koppolu, D, George, S, Schmidt, M, Ignjatovic, J, Chapin, L, Travis, K, Destree, M, Sood, V, Coffee, L, De Brouwer, K, Zaviriukha, V, Starzec, A, Koizumi, M, Lin, G, Chen, E, Lin, P, Leia, C, Mascaro, D, Amigo, A, Limos, A, Abrahamsen, I, Jaffer, S, Ahuad Guerrero, Ra, Albisu, Jp, Alvarisqueta, A, Bartolacci, I, Berli, Ma, Bordonava, A, Calella, P, Cantero, Mc, Cartasegna, Lr, Cercos, E, Coloma, Gc, Colombo, H, Commendatore, V, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, Ca, Cusumano, Am, Douthat, Wg, Dran, Rd, Farias, E, Fernandez, Mf, Finkelstein, H, Fragale, G, Fretes, Jo, Garcia, Nh, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Glenny, Ja, Gonzalez, Jp, Gonzalez Colaso, Pdc, Goycoa, C, Greloni, Gc, Guinsburg, A, Hermida, S, Juncos, Li, Klyver, Mi, Kraft, F, Krynski, F, Lanchiotti, Pv, Leon de la Fuente, Ra, Marchetta, N, Mele, P, Nicolai, S, Novoa, Pa, Orio, Si, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Raffaele, P, Resk, Jh, Rista, L, Rodriguez Papini, N, Sala, J, Santos, Jc, Schiavi, Lb, Sessa, H, Smith Casabella, T, Ulla, Mr, Valdez, M, Vallejos, A, Villarino, A, Visco, Ve, Wassermann, A, Zaidman, Cj, Cheung, Nw, Droste, C, Fraser, I, Johnson, D, Mah, Pm, Nicholls, K, Packham, D, Proietto, J, Roberts, A, Roger, S, Tsang, V, Raduan, Ra, Alves da Costa, Fa, Amodeo, C, Andreotti Turatti, La, Bregman, R, Camelo Sanches, Fc, Canani, Lh, Chacra, Ar, Cunha Borges, Jl, Cunha Vêncio, Sa, da Silva Franco, Rj, D'Avila, D, de Souza Portes, E, de Souza, P, Deboni, Lm, Filho, Ff, Geloneze Neto, B, Gomes, M, Kohara, Sk, Keitel, E, Kerr Saraiva, Jf, Kurtz Lisboa, Hr, de Carvalho Contieri, Fl, Milagres, R, Montenegro Junior, R, Moreira de Brito, C, Nazzer Hissa, M, Nazario Sabbag, Âr, Noronha, I, Panarotto, D, Pecoits Filho, R, Pereira, Ma, Saporito, W, Scotton, A, Schuch, T, Simões de Almeida, R, Slompo Ramos, C, Soares Felício, J, Thomé, F, Tibes Hachmann, Jc, Yamada, S, Yoiti Hayashida, C, Zanata Petry, Tb, Zanella, Mt, Andreeva, V, Angelova, A, Dimitrov, S, Genadieva, V, Genova-Hristova, G, Hristozov, K, Kamenov, Z, Koundurdjiev, A, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Nonchev, B, Rangelov, R, Shinkov, A, Temelkova, M, Velichkova, E, Yakov, A, Aggarwal, N, Aronson, R, Bajaj, H, Chouinard, G, Conway, J, Cournoyer, S, Daroza, G, De Serres, S, Dubé, F, Goldenberg, R, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Henein, S, Khandwala, H, Leiter, L, Madore, F, Mcmahon, A, Muirhead, N, Pichette, V, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Steele, A, Tangri, N, Torshizi, A, Woo, V, Zalunardo, N, Fernández Montenegro, Ma, Godoy Jorquera, Jg, Medina Fariña, M, Saavedra Gajardo, V, Vejar, M, Chen, N, Chen, Q, Gan, S, Kong, Y, Li, D, Li, W, Li, X, Lin, H, Liu, J, Lu, W, Mao, H, Ren, Y, Song, W, Sun, J, Sun, L, Tu, P, Wang, G, Yang, J, Yin, A, Yu, X, Zhao, M, Zheng, H, Accini Mendoza, Jl, Arcos, E, Avendano, J, Diaz Ruiz, Jea, Garcia Ortiz, Lh, Gonzalez, A, Hernandez Triana, E, Higuera, Jd, Malaver, N, Molina de Salazar, Di, Rosero, R, Terront Lozano, Ma, Valderrama Cometa, L, Valenzuela, A, Vargas Alonso, Rd, Villegas, I, Yupanqui, H, Bartaskova, D, Barton, P, Belobradkova, J, Dohnalova, L, Drasnar, T, Ferkl, R, Halciakova, K, Klokocnikova, V, Kovar, R, Lastuvka, J, Lukac, M, Pesickova, S, Peterka, K, Pumprla, J, Rychlik, I, Saudek, F, Tesar, V, Valis, M, Weiner, P, Zemek, S, Alamartine, E, Borot, S, Cariou, B, Dussol, B, Fauvel, Jp, Gourdy, P, Klein, A, Le Meur, Y, Penfornis, A, Roussel, R, Saulnier, Pj, Thervet, E, Zaoui, P, Burst, V, Faghih, M, Faulmann, G, Haller, H, Jerwan-Keim, R, Maxeiner, S, Paschen, B, Plassmann, G, Rose, L, Gonzalez Orellana, Ra, Haase, Fp, Moreira Diaz, Jp, Ramirez Roca, La, Sánchez Arenales, Ja, Sanchez Polo, Jv, Turcios Juarez, E, Csecsei, G, Csiky, B, Danos, P, Deak, L, Dudas, M, Harcsa, E, Keltai, K, Keresztesi, S, Kiss, K, Konyves, L, Major, L, Mileder, M, Molnar, M, Mucsi, J, Oroszlan, T, Ory, I, Paragh, G, Peterfai, E, Petro, G, Revesz, K, Takacs, R, Vangel, S, Vasas, S, Zsom, M, Abraham, O, Bhushan, R, Deepak, D, Edwin, Fm, Gopalakrishnan, N, Gracious, N, Hansraj, A, Jain, D, Keshavamurthy, Cb, Khullar, D, Manisha, S, Peringat, J, Prasad, N, Satyanarayana, Rk, Sreedhar, R, Sreelatha, M, Sudhakar, B, Vyasam, Rc, Bonadonna, R, Castellino, P, Ceriello, A, Chiovato, L, De Cosmo, S, Derosa, G, Di Carlo, A, Di Cianni, G, Frascà, G, Fuiano, G, Gambaro, G, Garibotto, G, Giorda, C, Malberti, F, Mandreoli, M, Mannucci, E, Orsi, E, Piatti, P, Santoro, D, Sasso, Fc, Serviddio, G, Stella, A, Trevisan, R, Veronelli, Am, Zanoli, L, Akiyama, H, Aoki, H, Asano, A, Iitsuka, T et al, Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), and Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET)

Subjects
Aged, Canagliflozin, Cardiovascular Diseases, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Nephropathies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Diabetic nephropathy, Kidney Failure, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 03.02. Klinikai orvostan, Dapagliflozin, Chronic, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, EMPAGLIFLOZIN, General Medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Type 2, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, General & Internal Medicine, CREDENCE Trial Investigators, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Science & Technology, business.industry, urogenital system, diabetic nephropathy, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, KIDNEY-DISEASE, medicine.disease, chemistry, business, Kidney disease
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 300 to 5000) and were treated with renin-angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of

Published
2019

18. Depression and Psychological Well-Being as Distinct Constructs: Mutually Exclusive Associations With Biomarker

Author

Anis Larbi, Roger C.M. Ho, Ng Ks, Glenn Wong, Shu Cheng Wong, and Ee Heok Kua

Subjects
Health (social science), Session 2913 (Paper), business.industry, Biology of Aging II, Mutually exclusive events, Health Professions (miscellaneous), Abstracts, Psychological well-being, Medicine, Biomarker (medicine), AcademicSubjects/SOC02600, Life-span and Life-course Studies, business, Depression (differential diagnoses), Clinical psychology
Abstract

Despite increasing emphasis on assessing the mental health of older adults, there has been inconclusive evidence on whether depression and psychological well-being (PWB) are fundamentally distinct constructs or representations of the opposite ends of the mental health spectrum. To instantiate either hypothesis, investigation of the associations between mental health scales and biomarkers have been proposed. First, we assessed depressive symptoms and PWB in community-dwelling older adults (N=59, mean age=67) using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Ryff’s Scale of PWB (comprising six sub-scales). We measured a wide range of immune markers employing ELISA and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to aggregate and derived biomarker factor scores. Lastly, multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the associations between the scales and the derived biomarker factor scores, controlling for covariates. PCA extracted six biomarker factors. Biomarker factor score 1 was significantly associated with PWB (β=-0.029, p=0.035) and the PWB sub-scale, self-acceptance (β=-0.089, p=0.047), while biomarker factor score 4 was significantly associated with the PWB sub-scale, purpose in life (β=-0.087, p=0.025). On the other hand, biomarker factor 6 was significantly associated with SDS (β=-0.070, p=0.008). There were mutually- exclusive associations between the scales with biomarker factor scores, supporting the hypothesis of distinct constructs. Our findings expanded the biomarkers of depression and PWB, deepening understanding of the biological underpinnings of depressive symptoms and PWB. These findings have implications in field work, since researchers could not infer one construct from the other, the examination of both constructs are essential.

Published
2020

19. The Joint Effects of Loneliness and Depression on Mortality: Does Gender Matter?

Author

Angelique Chan, Abhijit Visaria, Ng Ks, and Ted Kheng Siang Ng

Subjects
Health (social science), Loneliness, Session 2938 (Poster), Health Professions (miscellaneous), Abstracts, Isolation and Loneliness, medicine, medicine.symptom, AcademicSubjects/SOC02600, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Psychology, Joint (geology), Depression (differential diagnoses), Clinical psychology
Abstract

Loneliness and depression are both associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among older adults. However, the evidence on the joint effect of loneliness and depression is scarce. Furthermore, previous research has rarely examined the modifying effects of gender. We investigated these questions using the Panel on Health and Aging of Singaporean Elderly, a nationally-representative cohort study of community-dwelling older Singaporean adults aged 60 and above, conducted in 2009 with two follow-up waves in 2011 and 2015 (N=4536). We operationalized six groups based on three categories of loneliness measured using the 3-item University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale: always lonely, sometimes lonely, and never lonely; Two categories of depressive symptom scores were measured using the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scale: depressed and not depressed. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate the mortality risks for each group, with an extensive set of covariates. Due to significant differences in the prevalence of loneliness and depression in different genders, we conducted gender-stratified analyses. Compared to being not depressed and never lonely, women who were depressed and sometimes lonely and who were not depressed but always lonely had a higher mortality risk. Men who were not depressed but sometimes lonely had a higher mortality risk. We conclude that loneliness appears to be the predominant construct in conferring excess mortality risk. Health policies and interventions addressing the factors common and unique to each gender may improve psychological well-being at older ages, thereby extending the lifespan.

Published
2020

20. A systems thinking approach to stimulating and enhancing resource efficiency and circularity in households

Author

Ng, KS and To, LS

Subjects
020209 energy, Strategy and Management, Resource efficiency, 02 engineering and technology, solar PV, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Energy supply, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, Resource recovery, net zero, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, LCA, Material flow analysis, circular economy, 05 social sciences, Energy consumption, Environmental economics, Renewable energy, Waste-to-energy, material flow analysis, sustainability assessment, 050501 criminology, business, Fuel poverty
Abstract

Households are highly resource intensive in terms of energy consumption and waste generation, and resource utilisation and management in households has wider implications at the national level. This paper applies systems thinking using a circular economy approach at the household level for the first time. The approach takes into consideration energy supply and demand, waste management and resource recovery from waste in a single system. Combining energy and waste management analysis enables better understanding of the systems at household level and can address resource efficiency, fuel poverty and environmental issues more effectively at the national level. This study adopts the Systems Thinking Approach to Resource Recovery (STARR) framework to identify the potential improvements that can be made within the system. Three models of households on energy and waste management, including “waste-and-energy”, “waste-to-energy” and “reduced consumption” models, are examined through assessments of economic, environmental and social dimensions. These models are further explored through different scenarios, by considering the adoption of renewable solar photovoltaic (PV) energy supply, increasing recycling rate, integrating energy from waste into household and reducing consumption of resources and waste generation. The scenario with the least environmental impact involves adopting a concerted approach through switching to solar PV, increasing recycling rate from 45 to 60% and sending 100% of residual waste into energy recovery (i.e. within the “waste-to-energy” model), with global warming potential (GWP) of −1308 kg CO2-equivalent/year and total saving/income of £680 per year, on a one household basis.

Published
2020

21. Evolution of Mechanical Heat Treatment for resource recovery from Municipal Solid Waste in the UK

Author

Velenturf, A, Iacovidou, E, Ng, KS, and Millward-Hopkins, J

Abstract

This report is the outcome of the RRfW mini-project ‘Formulating the Environmental and Social Business Case for a Resource Recovery from Waste Process‘. The mini-project explored the potential for higher value applications of fibre recovered through a steam rotating autoclave (a form of a Mechanical Heat Treatment process). The report reviews the trends driving change in the composition and volume of residual municipal solid waste in the UK, and the evolution of the waste infrastructure required for its management. Analysis of a number of economic scenarios identifies the potential for recovering resource from the residual waste stream using this emerging technology, yet further research is required to fully assess the opportunities and challenges associated with each scenario. The report concludes by outlining that the processing of segregated waste streams, such as coffee cups, could significantly increase the quality of recovered resources and enable higher value applications.

Published
2018

22. A Parameter Selection Framework for Sustainability Assessment

Author

Iacovidou, E, Busch, J, Hahladakis, JN, Baxter, H, Ng, KS, and Herbert, BMJ

Subjects
anaerobic digestion, lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:TD194-195, sustainability assessment, food waste, lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants, lcsh:TJ807-830, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, PESTEL, LCSA, resource recovery, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract

Sustainability assessment of resource recovery from waste is an important prerequisite for informed and sound decision-making. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) has been developed to support this process, yet its use is still constrained by the difficulty of identifying the most relevant impact parameters. This paper, seeks to inform LCSA for resource recovery from waste based on a parameter identification approach that uses the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) analysis. The novelty of this approach lies in the structured conceptualisation of the resource recovery system and the context within which decisions are made. The anaerobic digestion of source-separated food waste in the UK is used as a case study to trial and demonstrate the approach. Findings suggest that a conceptual, qualitative analysis, although limited in its scope due to the lack of quantitative components, is suitable in integrating different parameters, allowing for a holistic conceptualisation of the system and capturing important issues that could be easily overlooked. This type of analysis can summarise the key interdependencies, contrast the trade-offs and provide a wider understanding of the political and legal context within which the system operates, all important in extending the implementation of LCSA towards the right direction.

Published
2017

23. [P1–018]: THE EFFECTS OF HORTICULTURAL THERAPY ON THE PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS OF ELDERLY IN SINGAPORE: SECOND‐WAVE FINDINGS FROM THE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Author

Rathi Mahendran, Angelia Sia, Crystal Tze Ying Tan, Hui Yu Chan, Anis Larbi, Roger C.M. Ho, Ng Ks, Ee Heok Kua, Chay Hoon Tan, Lei Feng, and Maxel Kian-Wee Ng

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, law.invention, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Randomized controlled trial, law, Horticultural therapy, Physical therapy, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Published
2017

24. [DT‐02–03]: MINDFULNESS MODULATES BIOMARKERS AND COGNITION IN ELDERLY WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI): A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (RCT)

Author

Ng Ks

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Psychotherapist, Mindfulness, 030214 geriatrics, Epidemiology, business.industry, Health Policy, Cognition, medicine.disease, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, Randomized controlled trial, law, Physical therapy, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2017

25. The Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) Study Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics

Author

Abdallah J, Abdul Ghani R, Abdul Kadir K, Abdullah R, Abejuela Z, Abraham O, Abramowitz M, Abusnana S, Accini Mendoza JL, Acosta I, Agafyina A, Aggarwal N, Ahmed F, Ahuad Guerrero RA, Aiello J, Ainsworth P, Aizenberg D, Akiyama H, Akright L, Akyea-Djamson A, Alamartine E, Alappan R, Ali N, Ali Z, Alicic R, Al-Karadsheh A, Alpizar Salazar M, Alvarez Garcia P, Alvarisqueta A, Amodeo C, Andreeva V, Andreotti Turatti LA, Angelescu LM, Angelova A, Anghel V, Antic S, Aoki H, Aquitania G, Arauz-Pacheco C, Arce-Nunez E, Arcos Palma EG, Arfeen S, Arif A, Aronson R, Arutchelvam V, Asano A, Atray N, Avram RI, Awad A, Baas Cruz J, Babikova J, Badat A, Bajaj H, Baker J, Bakris G, Barbarash O, Barna O, Barnard M, Barranco E, Barrera C, Bartaskova D, Bartolacci I, Barysheva O, Behara V, Bellary S, Belo D, Bentley-Lewis R, Benusova O, Berenguer R, Berli MA, Bernardo M, Biscoveanu M, Bordonava AP, Borot S, Botsyurko V, Bowman-Stroud C, Brandon D, Bregman R, Brusco O, Buganova I, Burgos Soto M, Busch R, Busegeanu MM, Calella P, Camelo Sanches FC, Canaan Y, Canani LH, Cantero MC, Cariou B, Cartasegna LR, Castellino P, Cereto Castro F, Certow G, Chacra AR, Chae DW, Chang CT, Chang T, Che Yusof MD, Chen N, Chen Q, Cherney D, Cheung NW, Chevaile Ramos J, Chew Wong A, Chiovato L, Chizhov D, Cho YM, Christiano C, Christofides E, Chuang LM, Chuateco C, Cif A, Cigarran Guldris S, Cohen K, Cohen R, Coloma GC, Comia RS, Commendatore V, Conway J, Cook C, Cosma D, Cournoyer S, Coyne D, Crisan C, Csecsei G, Csiky B, Cuadrado J, Cuneo CA, Cunha Borges JL, Cunha Vêncio SA, Cusumano AM, da Silva Franco RJ, Daboul N, Danos P, DaRoza G, Davies E, Davies M, Davies S, Dawson A, De Cosmo S, De Nicola L, De Serres S, de Souza Portes E, Deak L, Deck K, Deepak D, Derosa G, Desouza C, Dev D, Dhillon M, DI CARLO, Alfonso, Di Cianni G, Diaz Escalante T, Dimitrov S, Distiller L, Djordjevic M, Dobronravov V, Dohnalova L, Dominguez Lopez M, Douthat WG, Dran RD, Drasnar T, Dreval A, Droste C, Dua S, Dube F, Dudar I, Dudas M, Dussol B, Dzupina A, Eder F, Egido de Los Rios J, El Kossi M, El-Shahawy M, English P, Enriquez Sosa FE, Ervin J, Esquenazi A, Evans J, Faghih M, Farias E, Faulmann G, Fauvel JP, Ferariu IE, Fernandez MF, Fernandez Fresnedo G, Fernandez Montenegro MA, Finkelstein H, Flores Lozano F, Flota Cervera L, Fraige Filho F, Fraser D, Frenk Baron P, Fretes JO, Frias J, Fuiano G, Fulop P, Fushtey I, Galan Serrano A, Galphin C, Gan S, Gan CL, Garcia NH, Garcia I, Garcia Ballesteros C, Garcia Ortiz LH, Garrido N, Gastaldi A, Gelersztein E, Geloneze Neto B, Genadieva V, Genova-Hristova G, Genovese S, Ghazi A, Giorda C, Glenny JA, Glinkina I, Godlevska O, Godoy Jorquera JG, Goldenberg R, Golovchenko O, Gomes Bastos M, Gomez O, Gomez Rangel JD, Gonzalez E, Gonzalez Dorado A, Gonzalez Martinez FJ, Gonzalez Orellana RA, Gopalakrishnan N, Gorriz JL, Gorson D, Govender V, Gracious N, Greco B, Gregar R, Greloni GC, Grineva E, Guinsburg A, Gulati R, Gunstone A, Gupta A, Gupta M, Gyrina O, Hadjadj S, Halciakova K, Hall T, Haller H, Halmagyi I, Hammoud J, Hancu N, Hanif W, Hansraj A, Hawley C, Henein S, Hermida S, Hernandez Triana E, Herrera Jimenez LE, Hershon K, Higuera Cobos JD, Hiser D, Hocking S, Hon G, Hristozov K, Hsieh CH, Hura C, Hwang SJ, Ilavska A, Irizar Santana SS, Ismail M, Jackson A, Jain D, Jamal A, Januszewicz A, Jeong IK, Jha V, Jimenez Flores F, Jodar Gimeno JE, Johnson A, Joseph F, Joshi M, Juncos LI, Jurgens J, Kajiyama S, Kaminska A, Kashine S, Kaupke C, Kawada T, Keiko Kohara S, Keitel E, Keltai K, Kendereski A, Keresztesi S, Kern E, Kerr Saraiva JF, Keshavamurthy CB, Khandwala H, Khanna R, Khitan Z, Khullar D, Kim SG, Kim YH, Kim S, Kiss K, Klein A, Klyver MI, Kodera T, Kolesnyk M, Kolmakova E, Komisarenko I, Kong Y, Kong WY, Kono H, Konyves L, Kopyt N, Korzh O, Kovar R, Kovesdy C, Koyama K, Kozloviene D, Kraft F, Krane V, Kravchun N, Krishna G, Krishnan S, Kropp JJ, Kumar A, Kumar J, Kumeda Y, Kumwenda M, Kurtz Lisboa HR, Kvitkova L, Kwon HS, Kwon MJ, Lalic K, Lalic N, Lanchiotti PV, Lastuvka J, Laviada Molina H, Lawrence M, Le Meur Y, Lee LY, Lee BW, Lee J, Lee MK, Legun O, Leiter L, Lentz J, Leon de la Fuente RA, Levin A, Lewis D, Li D, Li W, Li X, Lim SK, Lin H, Lin CC, Liss K, Liu J, Loh CL, Lombard L, Lopez Mendoza M, Lopez Tarabay C, Lorenzoni d'avila DO, Loss de Carvalho Contieri F, Lu W, Lu YC, Luna Ceballos R, M. Edwin F, MacDougall I, Macedo de Souza PA, Madej A, Madore F, Magalhaes Montenegro Junior R, Mah PM, Maheshwari H, Major L, Malberti F, Malek Marin T, Mandayam S, Mandreoli M, Manisha S, Mankovskyy B, Mannucci E, Manocha AB, Mao H, Marar I, Marasaev V, Marchetta N, Martin Del Campo Blanco B, Martinka E, Martynyuk L, Maxeiner S, Mazur S, McMahon A, Medina Farina M, Mehta B, Middleton J, Mileder M, Miyauchi S, Mizuyama K, Mkrtumyan A, Mlodawska-Choluj D, Molina de Salazar DI, Molnar M, Mookadam M, Morales Franco G, Morales Portillo C, Mordujovich J, Moreira de Brito C, Moreira Diaz JP, Moreno Loza OT, Mostovoy Y, Moustafa M, Muirhead N, Mujica Trenche S, Munar Vila MA, Munoz Torres M, Munteanu M, Mustieles Rocha C, Nagibovich G, Nam MS, Narvarte J, Nasser Hissa M, Navickas A, Nazario Sabbag ÂR, Nedogoda S, Negru D, Newman G, Ng KS, Ngcakani N, Nicholls K, Nicol P, Nieto Iglesias J, Niiya T, Nik Ahmad NNF, Nisnisan J, Nonchev B, Noronha IL, Nortje H, Nossuli AK, Nowicki M, Obialo C, Obrador Vera G, Ochodnicka Z, Oh KH, Oishi H, Olelewe S, Oliver M, Oosthuizen H, Orio SI, Orlowska-Kowalik G, Oroszlan T, Orozco Castellanos R, Orsi E, Ory I, O'Shaughnessy A, Ota S, Otreras F, Oviedo A, Packham D, Padron J, Panarotto D, Pankhaniya R, Pantoja Perez J, Paragh G, Park CY, Park SH, Pashkovska N, Patel D, Patel G, Pavon H, Pei D, Pella D, Penfornis A, Peralta Calcaneo J, Pereira MA, Pererva L, Perez Vera M, Peringat J, Pertseva T, Pesickova S, Peterfai E, Peterka K, Petrica L, Petro G, Pettis K, Pharr W, Philip S, Phillips A, Piatti P, Pichette V, Pontiroli A, Popa AR, Popenda G, Popovic-Radinovic V, Portoles Perez JM, Prasad N, Proietto J, Prozesky H, Pumprla J, Purighalla R, Quesada Simon MA, Quesada-Suarez L, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Ramirez Roca LA, Ramtoola S, Ranetti AE, Rangelov R, Ranjan R, Raskina T, Rastogi S, Ratnasingam V, Reddy J, Ren Y, Resk JH, Rewerska B, Reyes Rosano MA, Rich L, Rista L, Roberts A, Robinson M, Rodelo J, Rodriguez H, Rodriguez Papini N, Roger S, Rosas S, Rosas Guzman J, Rosivall L, Roussel R, Rucker Joerg IE, Rychlik I, Saavedra Gajardo V, Saavedra Sanchez SB, Sala J, Samoylov O, Samoylova Y, Sanchez Arenales JA, Sanchez Mijangos JH, Sanchez Polo JV, Sankaram R, Santoro D, Santos JC, Santos F, Sarin R, Saudek F, Saumell F, Saxena M, Sazonova O, Schiavi LB, Schiller A, Schuch T, Scott R, Scott D, Seeber M, Seiji Yamada S, Sekkarie M, Sensenbrenner J, Serafinceanu C, Serrano Sanson P, Sessa H, Shakeel M, Shamkhalova M, Shanik M, Shaw S, Sheu WH, Shinkov A, Shutemova E, Silva Pecoits Filho RF, Simo Canonge R, Simoes de Almeida R, Simon G, Singh B, Slompo Ramos C, Smatanova I, Smirnov I, Smith S, Smith Casabella T, Soares Felicio J, Soler Romeo MJ, Solomon R, Song W, Soto Gonzalez A, Sowinski D, Sprague A, Sree Bhushan R, Sreedhar R, Sreelatha M, Steele A, SPEDDING, Stephen John, Strzelecka A, Suchinda P, Sudhakar B, Sun J, Sun L, Surampudi P, Sussman S, Svyshchenko Y, Symonds R, Szlachcic Y, Takacs R, Takai M, Tamayo Y. Orozco J, Tan G, Tellez Chavez E, Temelkova M, Terns Riera M, Terront Lozano MA, Tesar V, Thompson M, Tibes Hachmann JC, Tinahones Madueno FJ, Tolentino M, Tomashkevych H, Tomonaga O, Topchii I, Torshizi A, Trespalacios F, Trevisan R, Trueba P, Tryshchuk N, Tseluyko V, Tsujimoto M, Tu P, Turcios Juarez E, Turner W, Twahirwa M, Ulla MR, Updegrove J, Urbanaviciene E, Valderrama Cometa L, Valdes Cepeda A, Valenzuela A, Valis M, Vallejos A, Vangel S, Vannorsdall M, Vargas Alonso RD, Varghese F, Vasas S, Vazelov E, Vejar M, Velasquez-Mieyer P, Velichkova E, Velo M, Venegas Carrillo L, Vengadasalam P, Ventrapragada S, Villagordoa Mesa J, Villarino AA, Villegas I, Visco VE, Vizir V, Vlasenko M, Vyasam RC, Wada T, Wadud K, Wahba M, Wakasugi M, Wakeling J, Wakida Y, WALKER, JOHN RICHARD, Wang G, Warren M, Wassermann A, Watanabe T, Watson E, Watts R, Weiner P, Weiner D, Welsh J, Wheeler D, Williams M, Winocour P, Woo V, Yamada M, Yanagida K, Yanase T, Yang J, Yao C, Yap YE, Ygpuara MDL, Yin A, Yoiti Hayashida C, Yoon KH, Young S, Yu X, Yumita W, Yupanqui H, Zaidman CJ, Zamarripa Escobedo R, Zanata Petry TB, Zanella MT, Zaoui P, Zavaroni I, Zemek S, Zhang H, Zhao M, Zheng H, Zlova T, Zsom M, Zykova T., Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Abdallah, J, Abdul Ghani, R, Abdul Kadir, K, Abdullah, R, Abejuela, Z, Abraham, O, Abramowitz, M, Abusnana, S, Accini Mendoza, Jl, Acosta, I, Agafyina, A, Aggarwal, N, Ahmed, F, Ahuad Guerrero, Ra, Aiello, J, Ainsworth, P, Aizenberg, D, Akiyama, H, Akright, L, Akyea-Djamson, A, Alamartine, E, Alappan, R, Ali, N, Ali, Z, Alicic, R, Al-Karadsheh, A, Alpizar Salazar, M, Alvarez Garcia, P, Alvarisqueta, A, Amodeo, C, Andreeva, V, Andreotti Turatti, La, Angelescu, Lm, Angelova, A, Anghel, V, Antic, S, Aoki, H, Aquitania, G, Arauz-Pacheco, C, Arce-Nunez, E, Arcos Palma, Eg, Arfeen, S, Arif, A, Aronson, R, Arutchelvam, V, Asano, A, Atray, N, Avram, Ri, Awad, A, Baas Cruz, J, Babikova, J, Badat, A, Bajaj, H, Baker, J, Bakris, G, Barbarash, O, Barna, O, Barnard, M, Barranco, E, Barrera, C, Bartaskova, D, Bartolacci, I, Barysheva, O, Behara, V, Bellary, S, Belo, D, Bentley-Lewis, R, Benusova, O, Berenguer, R, Berli, Ma, Bernardo, M, Biscoveanu, M, Bordonava, Ap, Borot, S, Botsyurko, V, Bowman-Stroud, C, Brandon, D, Bregman, R, Brusco, O, Buganova, I, Burgos Soto, M, Busch, R, Busegeanu, Mm, Calella, P, Camelo Sanches, Fc, Canaan, Y, Canani, Lh, Cantero, Mc, Cariou, B, Cartasegna, Lr, Castellino, P, Cereto Castro, F, Certow, G, Chacra, Ar, Chae, Dw, Chang, Ct, Chang, T, Che Yusof, Md, Chen, N, Chen, Q, Cherney, D, Cheung, Nw, Chevaile Ramos, J, Chew Wong, A, Chiovato, L, Chizhov, D, Cho, Ym, Christiano, C, Christofides, E, Chuang, Lm, Chuateco, C, Cif, A, Cigarran Guldris, S, Cohen, K, Cohen, R, Coloma, Gc, Comia, R, Commendatore, V, Conway, J, Cook, C, Cosma, D, Cournoyer, S, Coyne, D, Crisan, C, Csecsei, G, Csiky, B, Cuadrado, J, Cuneo, Ca, Cunha Borges, Jl, Cunha Vêncio, Sa, Cusumano, Am, da Silva Franco, Rj, Daboul, N, Danos, P, Daroza, G, Davies, E, Davies, M, Davies, S, Dawson, A, De Cosmo, S, De Nicola, L, De Serres, S, de Souza Portes, E, Deak, L, Deck, K, Deepak, D, Derosa, G, Desouza, C, Dev, D, Dhillon, M, DI CARLO, Alfonso, Di Cianni, G, Diaz Escalante, T, Dimitrov, S, Distiller, L, Djordjevic, M, Dobronravov, V, Dohnalova, L, Dominguez Lopez, M, Douthat, Wg, Dran, Rd, Drasnar, T, Dreval, A, Droste, C, Dua, S, Dube, F, Dudar, I, Dudas, M, Dussol, B, Dzupina, A, Eder, F, Egido de Los Rios, J, El Kossi, M, El-Shahawy, M, English, P, Enriquez Sosa, Fe, Ervin, J, Esquenazi, A, Evans, J, Faghih, M, Farias, E, Faulmann, G, Fauvel, Jp, Ferariu, Ie, Fernandez, Mf, Fernandez Fresnedo, G, Fernandez Montenegro, Ma, Finkelstein, H, Flores Lozano, F, Flota Cervera, L, Fraige Filho, F, Fraser, D, Frenk Baron, P, Fretes, Jo, Frias, J, Fuiano, G, Fulop, P, Fushtey, I, Galan Serrano, A, Galphin, C, Gan, S, Gan, Cl, Garcia, Nh, Garcia, I, Garcia Ballesteros, C, Garcia Ortiz, Lh, Garrido, N, Gastaldi, A, Gelersztein, E, Geloneze Neto, B, Genadieva, V, Genova-Hristova, G, Genovese, S, Ghazi, A, Giorda, C, Glenny, Ja, Glinkina, I, Godlevska, O, Godoy Jorquera, Jg, Goldenberg, R, Golovchenko, O, Gomes Bastos, M, Gomez, O, Gomez Rangel, Jd, Gonzalez, E, Gonzalez Dorado, A, Gonzalez Martinez, Fj, Gonzalez Orellana, Ra, Gopalakrishnan, N, Gorriz, Jl, Gorson, D, Govender, V, Gracious, N, Greco, B, Gregar, R, Greloni, Gc, Grineva, E, Guinsburg, A, Gulati, R, Gunstone, A, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Gyrina, O, Hadjadj, S, Halciakova, K, Hall, T, Haller, H, Halmagyi, I, Hammoud, J, Hancu, N, Hanif, W, Hansraj, A, Hawley, C, Henein, S, Hermida, S, Hernandez Triana, E, Herrera Jimenez, Le, Hershon, K, Higuera Cobos, Jd, Hiser, D, Hocking, S, Hon, G, Hristozov, K, Hsieh, Ch, Hura, C, Hwang, Sj, Ilavska, A, Irizar Santana, S, Ismail, M, Jackson, A, Jain, D, Jamal, A, Januszewicz, A, Jeong, Ik, Jha, V, Jimenez Flores, F, Jodar Gimeno, Je, Johnson, A, Joseph, F, Joshi, M, Juncos, Li, Jurgens, J, Kajiyama, S, Kaminska, A, Kashine, S, Kaupke, C, Kawada, T, Keiko Kohara, S, Keitel, E, Keltai, K, Kendereski, A, Keresztesi, S, Kern, E, Kerr Saraiva, Jf, Keshavamurthy, Cb, Khandwala, H, Khanna, R, Khitan, Z, Khullar, D, Kim, Sg, Kim, Yh, Kim, S, Kiss, K, Klein, A, Klyver, Mi, Kodera, T, Kolesnyk, M, Kolmakova, E, Komisarenko, I, Kong, Y, Kong, Wy, Kono, H, Konyves, L, Kopyt, N, Korzh, O, Kovar, R, Kovesdy, C, Koyama, K, Kozloviene, D, Kraft, F, Krane, V, Kravchun, N, Krishna, G, Krishnan, S, Kropp, Jj, Kumar, A, Kumar, J, Kumeda, Y, Kumwenda, M, Kurtz Lisboa, Hr, Kvitkova, L, Kwon, H, Kwon, Mj, Lalic, K, Lalic, N, Lanchiotti, Pv, Lastuvka, J, Laviada Molina, H, Lawrence, M, Le Meur, Y, Lee, Ly, Lee, Bw, Lee, J, Lee, Mk, Legun, O, Leiter, L, Lentz, J, Leon de la Fuente, Ra, Levin, A, Lewis, D, Li, D, Li, W, Li, X, Lim, Sk, Lin, H, Lin, Cc, Liss, K, Liu, J, Loh, Cl, Lombard, L, Lopez Mendoza, M, Lopez Tarabay, C, Lorenzoni d'avila, Do, Loss de Carvalho Contieri, F, Lu, W, Lu, Yc, Luna Ceballos, R, M., Edwin F, Macdougall, I, Macedo de Souza, Pa, Madej, A, Madore, F, Magalhaes Montenegro Junior, R, Mah, Pm, Maheshwari, H, Major, L, Malberti, F, Malek Marin, T, Mandayam, S, Mandreoli, M, Manisha, S, Mankovskyy, B, Mannucci, E, Manocha, Ab, Mao, H, Marar, I, Marasaev, V, Marchetta, N, Martin Del Campo Blanco, B, Martinka, E, Martynyuk, L, Maxeiner, S, Mazur, S, Mcmahon, A, Medina Farina, M, Mehta, B, Middleton, J, Mileder, M, Miyauchi, S, Mizuyama, K, Mkrtumyan, A, Mlodawska-Choluj, D, Molina de Salazar, Di, Molnar, M, Mookadam, M, Morales Franco, G, Morales Portillo, C, Mordujovich, J, Moreira de Brito, C, Moreira Diaz, Jp, Moreno Loza, Ot, Mostovoy, Y, Moustafa, M, Muirhead, N, Mujica Trenche, S, Munar Vila, Ma, Munoz Torres, M, Munteanu, M, Mustieles Rocha, C, Nagibovich, G, Nam, M, Narvarte, J, Nasser Hissa, M, Navickas, A, Nazario Sabbag, Âr, Nedogoda, S, Negru, D, Newman, G, Ng, K, Ngcakani, N, Nicholls, K, Nicol, P, Nieto Iglesias, J, Niiya, T, Nik Ahmad, Nnf, Nisnisan, J, Nonchev, B, Noronha, Il, Nortje, H, Nossuli, Ak, Nowicki, M, Obialo, C, Obrador Vera, G, Ochodnicka, Z, Oh, Kh, Oishi, H, Olelewe, S, Oliver, M, Oosthuizen, H, Orio, Si, Orlowska-Kowalik, G, Oroszlan, T, Orozco Castellanos, R, Orsi, E, Ory, I, O'Shaughnessy, A, Ota, S, Otreras, F, Oviedo, A, Packham, D, Padron, J, Panarotto, D, Pankhaniya, R, Pantoja Perez, J, Paragh, G, Park, Cy, Park, Sh, Pashkovska, N, Patel, D, Patel, G, Pavon, H, Pei, D, Pella, D, Penfornis, A, Peralta Calcaneo, J, Pereira, Ma, Pererva, L, Perez Vera, M, Peringat, J, Pertseva, T, Pesickova, S, Peterfai, E, Peterka, K, Petrica, L, Petro, G, Pettis, K, Pharr, W, Philip, S, Phillips, A, Piatti, P, Pichette, V, Pontiroli, A, Popa, Ar, Popenda, G, Popovic-Radinovic, V, Portoles Perez, Jm, Prasad, N, Proietto, J, Prozesky, H, Pumprla, J, Purighalla, R, Quesada Simon, Ma, Quesada-Suarez, L, Rabasa-Lhoret, R, Ramirez Roca, La, Ramtoola, S, Ranetti, Ae, Rangelov, R, Ranjan, R, Raskina, T, Rastogi, S, Ratnasingam, V, Reddy, J, Ren, Y, Resk, Jh, Rewerska, B, Reyes Rosano, Ma, Rich, L, Rista, L, Roberts, A, Robinson, M, Rodelo, J, Rodriguez, H, Rodriguez Papini, N, Roger, S, Rosas, S, Rosas Guzman, J, Rosivall, L, Roussel, R, Rucker Joerg, Ie, Rychlik, I, Saavedra Gajardo, V, Saavedra Sanchez, Sb, Sala, J, Samoylov, O, Samoylova, Y, Sanchez Arenales, Ja, Sanchez Mijangos, Jh, Sanchez Polo, Jv, Sankaram, R, Santoro, D, Santos, Jc, Santos, F, Sarin, R, Saudek, F, Saumell, F, Saxena, M, Sazonova, O, Schiavi, Lb, Schiller, A, Schuch, T, Scott, R, Scott, D, Seeber, M, Seiji Yamada, S, Sekkarie, M, Sensenbrenner, J, Serafinceanu, C, Serrano Sanson, P, Sessa, H, Shakeel, M, Shamkhalova, M, Shanik, M, Shaw, S, Sheu, Wh, Shinkov, A, Shutemova, E, Silva Pecoits Filho, Rf, Simo Canonge, R, Simoes de Almeida, R, Simon, G, Singh, B, Slompo Ramos, C, Smatanova, I, Smirnov, I, Smith, S, Smith Casabella, T, Soares Felicio, J, Soler Romeo, Mj, Solomon, R, Song, W, Soto Gonzalez, A, Sowinski, D, Sprague, A, Sree Bhushan, R, Sreedhar, R, Sreelatha, M, Steele, A, Spedding, Stephen John, Strzelecka, A, Suchinda, P, Sudhakar, B, Sun, J, Sun, L, Surampudi, P, Sussman, S, Svyshchenko, Y, Symonds, R, Szlachcic, Y, Takacs, R, Takai, M, Tamayo Y., Orozco J, Tan, G, Tellez Chavez, E, Temelkova, M, Terns Riera, M, Terront Lozano, Ma, Tesar, V, Thompson, M, Tibes Hachmann, Jc, Tinahones Madueno, Fj, Tolentino, M, Tomashkevych, H, Tomonaga, O, Topchii, I, Torshizi, A, Trespalacios, F, Trevisan, R, Trueba, P, Tryshchuk, N, Tseluyko, V, Tsujimoto, M, Tu, P, Turcios Juarez, E, Turner, W, Twahirwa, M, Ulla, Mr, Updegrove, J, Urbanaviciene, E, Valderrama Cometa, L, Valdes Cepeda, A, Valenzuela, A, Valis, M, Vallejos, A, Vangel, S, Vannorsdall, M, Vargas Alonso, Rd, Varghese, F, Vasas, S, Vazelov, E, Vejar, M, Velasquez-Mieyer, P, Velichkova, E, Velo, M, Venegas Carrillo, L, Vengadasalam, P, Ventrapragada, S, Villagordoa Mesa, J, Villarino, Aa, Villegas, I, Visco, Ve, Vizir, V, Vlasenko, M, Vyasam, Rc, Wada, T, Wadud, K, Wahba, M, Wakasugi, M, Wakeling, J, Wakida, Y, Walker, JOHN RICHARD, Wang, G, Warren, M, Wassermann, A, Watanabe, T, Watson, E, Watts, R, Weiner, P, Weiner, D, Welsh, J, Wheeler, D, Williams, M, Winocour, P, Woo, V, Yamada, M, Yanagida, K, Yanase, T, Yang, J, Yao, C, Yap, Ye, Ygpuara, Mdl, Yin, A, Yoiti Hayashida, C, Yoon, Kh, Young, S, Yu, X, Yumita, W, Yupanqui, H, Zaidman, Cj, Zamarripa Escobedo, R, Zanata Petry, Tb, Zanella, Mt, Zaoui, P, Zavaroni, I, Zemek, S, Zhang, H, Zhao, M, Zheng, H, Zlova, T, Zsom, M, and Zykova, T.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, ALBUMINURIA, Urology, Renal function, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, PROGRESSION, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetic nephropathy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE, CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES, Nephropathy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Chronic kidney disease, medicine, 03.02. Klinikai orvostan, Renal outcome, Canagliflozin, Science & Technology, ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-PEPTIDE, IRBESARTAN, GFR DECLINE, business.industry, 1103 Clinical Sciences, KIDNEY-DISEASE, Urology & Nephrology, medicine.disease, Renal outcomes, Nephrology, COLLABORATIVE METAANALYSIS, Albuminuria, Original Report: Patient-Oriented, Translational Research, LOSARTAN, medicine.symptom, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, CREDENCE study investigators, medicine.drug, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background: People with diabetes and kidney disease have a high risk of cardiovascular events and progression of kidney disease. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors lower plasma glucose by reducing the uptake of filtered glucose in the kidney tubule, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion. They have been repeatedly shown to induce modest natriuresis and reduce HbA1c, blood pressure, weight, and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the effects of these agents on kidney and cardiovascular events have not been extensively studied in patients with type 2 diabetes and established kidney disease. Methods: The Canagliflozin and Renal Endpoints in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin ­versus placebo at preventing clinically important kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and established kidney disease. CREDENCE is a randomized, double-blind, event-driven, placebo-controlled trial set in in 34 countries with a projected duration of ∼5.5 years and enrolling 4,401 adults with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 to 2, and albuminuria (urinary albumin:creatinine ratio >300 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (α = 0.05), the composite of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine, and renal or cardiovascular death. Conclusion: CREDENCE will provide definitive evidence about the effects of canagliflozin on renal (and cardiovascular) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and established kidney disease. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2013-004494-28; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02065791.

Published
2017

27. P4‐374: Serum Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factors (BDNF) Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and Healthy Controls: a Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis, and Meta‐Regression

Author

Ee Heok Kua, Roger C.M. Ho, Wilson W.S. Tam, Ng Ks, and Cyrus S.H. Ho

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Disease, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Developmental Neuroscience, Neurotrophic factors, Internal medicine, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, In patient, Meta-regression, Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Psychiatry, business.industry, Health Policy, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Meta-analysis, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Published
2016

28. Mapping the high-affinity binding domain of 5-substituted benzimidazoles to the proximal N-terminus of the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor

Author

Chian-Ming Low, Soh W, Kong Kh, Leung Hw, Lam Y, Wee Xk, Ng Fm, Cheong Yp, and Ng Ks

Subjects
Pharmacology, Chemistry, Protein subunit, Glutamate receptor, Excitotoxicity, medicine.disease_cause, Neuroprotection, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biochemistry, Ifenprodil, medicine, Binding site, Receptor, Binding domain
Abstract

Background and purpose: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors represent an attractive drug target for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders associated with glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. The aim of this study was to map the binding domain of high affinity 5-substituted benzimidazole derivatives [N-{2-[(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-5-yl}methanesulphonamide (XK1) and N-[2-(4-phenoxybenzyl)benzimidazol-5-yl]methanesulphonamide (XK2)] on the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor. Experimental approach: The pharmacological antagonistic profiles of XK1 and XK2 were assessed using in vitro rat primary cerebrocortical neurones and two-electrode voltage clamp on Xenopus oocytes expressing heterologous GluN1/GluN2B receptors. Direct ligand binding was determined using the recombinant amino-terminal domain (ATD) of GluN2B. Key results: XK1 and XK2 effectively protected against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in rat primary cortical neurones. Low concentrations of XK1 (10 nM) and XK2 (1 nM) significantly reversed neuronal death. Both compounds failed to inhibit currents measured from oocytes heterologously expressing GluN1-1a subunit co-assembled with the ATD-deleted GluN2B subunit. XK1 and XK2 showed specific binding to recombinant protein of GluN2B ATD with low nanomolar affinities. Several residues in the recombinant ATD of GluN2B were identified to be critical for conferring XK1 and XK2 sensitivity. The inhibitory effects of XK1 and XK2 were pH-sensitive, being increased at acidic pH. Conclusions and implications: These results demonstrate that XK1 and XK2 are effective neuroprotective agents in vitro and indicate that 5-substituted benzimidazole derivatives inhibit GluN1/GluN2B receptors via direct binding to the ATD of the GluN2B subunit. These compounds represent valuable alternatives to the classical antagonist ifenprodil as pharmacological tools for studying GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors.

Published
2010

29. Mindfulness modulates biomarkers and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): A randomized controlled trial (RCT)

Author

Lei Feng, Irwin K. Cheah, Anis Larbi, Lee Gan Goh, Roger C.M. Ho, Crystal Tze Ying Tan, Ng Ks, Fadzillah Nur, Sin Tho Wee, Ee Heok Kua, Rathi Mahendran, Wei Ling Chow, and Johnson Fam

Subjects
Mindfulness, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cognition, medicine.disease, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biological Psychiatry, Clinical psychology
Published
2017

30. Techno-economic analysis of polygeneration systems with carbon capture and storage and CO reuse

Author

Ng, KS, Zhang, N, and Sadhukhan, J

Abstract

Several decarbonised polygeneration schemes exploiting carbon capture and storage (CCS) or CO reuse technologies for the generation of clean fuels, chemicals, electricity and heat have been systematically analysed for techno-economic feasibility. Process simulation, energy integration and economic analysis were undertaken to analyse the effect of process configurations and operating conditions on the economic potential (EP) and risks. CO capture and reuse producing methane using Sabatier's reaction shows less favourable economics compared to the counterpart CCS based scheme, both producing electricity, hydrogen, acetic acid and methanol in common. Post-combustion CO tri-reforming into methanol production in addition to electricity generation shows overall favourable economics compared to the counterpart integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with CCS scheme. Thus, increasing product portfolio from energy products in a cogeneration plant to chemical products evolved from thermodynamic and process integration synergies increases the techno-economic viability. Bio-oil can be processed as an alternative low carbon feedstock. While bio-oil creates environmental incentives, its economic competitiveness can be enhanced by introducing credits on product prices. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013

31. Antibacterial effect of light emitting diodes of visible wavelengths on selected foodborne pathogens at different illumination temperatures

Author

Vinayak Ghate, Gek Hoon Khoo, Weibiao Zhou, Hyunsoo Yang, Won Byong Yoon, Ng Ks, and Hyun-Gyun Yuk

Subjects
Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Light, Colony Count, Microbial, Antibacterial effect, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Escherichia coli O157, Microbiology, Tryptic soy broth, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Listeria monocytogenes, law, Food Preservation, medicine, Food science, Escherichia coli, Microbial Viability, Bacteria, Food preservation, Temperature, General Medicine, chemistry, Food Science, Visible spectrum, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

The antibacterial effect of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the visible region (461, 521 and 642 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum was investigated on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium , Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus . The irradiances of the 461, 521 and 642 nm LEDs were 22.1, 16 and 25.4 mW/cm 2 , respectively. Bacterial cultures suspended in tryptic soy broth were illuminated by 10-watt LEDs at a distance of 4.5 cm for 7.5 h at 20, 15 and 10 °C. Regardless of the bacterial strains, bacterial inactivation was observed with the range of 4.6–5.2 log CFU/ml at 10 and 15 °C after illumination with the 461 nm LED, while illumination with the 521 nm LED resulted in only 1.0–2.0 log reductions after 7.5 h. On the other hand, no antibacterial effect was observed using the 642 nm LED treatment. The photodynamic inactivation by 461 and 521 nm LEDs was found to be greater at the set temperatures of 10 and 15 °C than at 20 °C. The D-values for the four bacterial strains at 10 and 15 °C after the illumination of 461 nm LED ranged from 1.29 to 1.74 h, indicating that there was no significant difference in the susceptibility of the bacterial strains to the LED illumination between 10 and 15 °C, except for L. monocytogenes . Regardless of the illumination temperature, sublethal injury was observed in all bacterial strains during illumination with the 461 and the 521 nm LED and the percentage of injured cells increased as the treatment time increased. Thus, the results show that the antibacterial effect of the LEDs was highly dependent on the wavelength and the illumination temperature. This study suggests the potential of 461 and 521 nm LEDs in combination with chilling to be used as a novel food preservation technology.

Published
2013

33. Development of a Silk-Chitosan Blend Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Author

X. R. Wong, Siew Lok Toh, Ng Ks, and James C.H. Goh

Subjects
Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Scaffold, SILK, Tissue engineering, Chemistry, Bone cell, In patient, Bone regeneration, Bone tissue engineering, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

There is a pressing need for bone graft substitutes to augment bone regeneration in patients with damaged or diseased bone tissues. Currently, autologous bone graft is the gold standard but its use is limited by supply and donor site morbidity. Consequently, tissue engineering is seen as a solution to the shortage of functional bone graft substitutes. In the scaffold-guided approach to bone tissue engineering, it requires the development of a three-dimensional scaffold to mimic the native 3D environment of the bone cells. In addition, the scaffold material would need to be biocompatible, biodegradable, and possess the appropriate mechanical properties similar to that of the native tissue.

Published
2009

34. The athlete’s heart: Is this an entity in paediatrics?

Author

Swee Chye Quek, Low Ps, Ng Ks, and Ti Ty

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, biology, Heart disease, Athletes, business.industry, Athlete's heart, Cardiomyopathy, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Sudden death, medicine.anatomical_structure, El Niño, Heart Function Tests, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Humans, Medicine, Risk factor, Cardiomyopathies, business, Sports, Artery
Abstract

A case report of a boy who demonstrates features of an athlete's heart, associated with dilatation of the coronary artery, is presented. The importance of distinguishing this benign condition from pathologic causes such as cardiomyopathy, and risk of sudden death in these athletes is discussed.

Published
1998

35. Inverse relation between diastolic blood pressure and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing pharmacoinvasive therapy for myocardial infarction: the J-shaped relation in the contemporary era of revascularisation

Author

Eric C T Hong, Yean-Teng Lim, Huay-Cheem Tan, Hwee Bee Wong, Swee Chong Seow, Ng Ks, David Foo, and Chi-Hang Lee

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Streptokinase, Myocardial Infarction, Blood Pressure, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Coronary Angiography, Sensitivity and Specificity, Fibrinolytic Agents, Diastole, Heart Rate, Predictive Value of Tests, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Angioplasty, Coronary Circulation, Myocardial Revascularization, Odds Ratio, Medicine, Humans, Thrombolytic Therapy, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Stroke, business.industry, General Medicine, Thrombolysis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Blood pressure, Treatment Outcome, ROC Curve, Research Design, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, TIMI, medicine.drug, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

OBJECTIVE In the thrombolytic era, it was reported that in the presence of significant coronary stenosis, lowering diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below a critical threshold would result in a paradoxical increase in the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to re-evaluate this J-shaped relation in the era of pharmacoinvasive therapy. METHODS A total of 182 patients who underwent early (

Published
2006

36. A graphical CO emission treatment intensity assessment for energy and economic analyses of integrated decarbonised production systems

Author

Ng, KS, Zhang, N, Sadhukhan, J, Ng, KS, Zhang, N, and Sadhukhan, J

Abstract

Design of clean energy systems is highly complex due to the existence of a variety of CO abatement and integration options. In this study, an effective decision-making methodology has been developed for facilitating the selection of lowest energy or lowest cost intensity systems, from a portfolio of flowsheet configurations with different decarbonisation strategies. The fundamental aspect of the proposed methodology lies in thermodynamic feasibility assessment as well as quantification of CO emission treatment intensity using a graphical approach (CO emission balance diagram) for energy and economic performance analyses of integrated decarbonised systems. The relationship between the graphical representation and performances is established using blocks and boundaries on integrated systems. The effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated through a range of coal gasification based polygeneration and cogeneration systems, incorporating either of carbon capture and storage (CCS) or CO reuse options. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2012

37. Techno-economic performance analysis of bio-oil based Fischer-Tropsch and CHP synthesis platform

Author

Ng, KS, Sadhukhan, J, Ng, KS, and Sadhukhan, J

Abstract

The techno-economic potential of the UK poplar wood and imported oil palm empty fruit bunch derived bio-oil integrated gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (BOIG-FT) systems for the generation of transportation fuels and combined heat and power (CHP) was investigated. The bio-oil was represented in terms of main chemical constituents, i.e. acetic acid, acetol and guaiacol. The compositional model of bio-oil was validated based on its performance through a gasification process. Given the availability of large scale gasification and FT technologies and logistic constraints in transporting biomass in large quantities, distributed bio-oil generations using biomass pyrolysis and centralised bio-oil processing in BOIG-FT system are technically more feasible. Heat integration heuristics and composite curve analysis were employed for once-through and full conversion configurations, and for a range of economies of scale, 1 MW, 675 MW and 1350 MW LHV of bio-oil. The economic competitiveness increases with increasing scale. A cost of production of FT liquids of 78.7 Euro/MWh was obtained based on 80.12 Euro/MWh of electricity, 75 Euro/t of bio-oil and 116.3 million Euro/y of annualised capital cost.

Published
2011

38. Economic and European Union Environmental Sustainability Criteria Assessment of Bio-Oil-Based Biofuel Systems: Refinery Integration Cases

Author

Sadhukhan, J, Ng, KS, Sadhukhan, J, and Ng, KS

Abstract

The biofuel mix in transport in the U.K. must be increased from currently exploited 3.33% to the EU target mix of 10% by 2020. Under the face of this huge challenge, the most viable way forward is to process infrastructure-compatible intermediate, such as bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, into biofuels. New facilities may integrate multiple distributed pyrolysis units producing bio-oil from locally available biomass and centralized biofuel production platforms, such as methanol or Fischer-Tropsch liquid synthesis utilizing syngas derived from gasification of bio-oil. An alternative to bio-oil gasification is hydrotreating and hydrocracking (upgrading) of bio-oil into stable oil with reduced oxygen content. The stable oil can then be coprocessed into targeted transportation fuel mix within refinery in exchange of refinery hydrogen to the upgrader. This Article focuses on the evaluation of economic and environmental sustainability of industrial scale biofuel production systems from bio-oils. An overview of bio-oil gasification-based system evaluation is presented, while comprehensive process reaction modeling (with 40 overall bio-oil hydrocracking and hydrotreating reaction steps), simulation, integration, and value analysis frameworks are illustrated for bio-oil upgrading and refinery coprocessing systems. The environmental analysis shows that the former technologies are able to meet the minimum greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction target of 60%, to be eligible for the European Union (EU) Directive's 2020 target of 10% renewable energy in transport, while at least 20% renewable energy mix from an upgrader is required for meeting the EU GHG emission reduction target. Increases in the price of biodiesel and hydrogen make coprocessing of stable oils from bio-oil upgrader using refinery facilities economically more favorable than final biofuel blending from refineries and create win-win economic scenarios between the bio-oil upgrader and the refi

Published
2011

39. Heat integration and analysis of decarbonised IGCC sites

Author

Ng, KS, Lopez, Y, Campbell, GM, Sadhukhan, J, Ng, KS, Lopez, Y, Campbell, GM, and Sadhukhan, J

Abstract

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation systems have become of interest due to their high combined heat and power (CHP) generation efficiency and flexibility to include carbon capture and storage (CCS) in order to reduce CO2 emissions. However, IGCC’s biggest challenge is its high cost of energy production. In this study, decarbonised coal IGCC sites integrated with CCS have been investigated for heat integration and economic value analyses. It is envisaged that the high energy production cost of an IGCC site can be offset by maximising site-wide heat recovery and thereby improving the cost of electricity (COE) of CHP generation. Strategies for designing high efficiency CHP networks have been proposed based on thermodynamic heuristics and pinch theory. Additionally, a comprehensive methodology to determine the COE from a process site has been developed. In this work, we have established thermodynamic and economic comparisons between IGCC sites with and without CCS and a trade-off between the degree of decarbonisation and the COE from the heat integrated IGCC sites. The results show that the COE from the heat integrated decarbonised IGCC sites is significantly lower compared to IGCC sites without heat integration making application of CCS in IGCC sites economically competitive.

Published
2010

41. Kawasaki Disease – on matters of the heart

Author

Swee Chye Quek, Etsuko Tsuda, and Ng Ks

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Kawasaki disease, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published
2000

43. Consensus Conference: Resuscitation of patients in septic shock

Author

Kvetan, V., Lak, KY, Leibowitz, A., NG, KS, Okada, Kiyoki, Tang, GJ, Thijs, L G, Vincent, Jean Louis, Kvetan, V., Lak, KY, Leibowitz, A., NG, KS, Okada, Kiyoki, Tang, GJ, Thijs, L G, and Vincent, Jean Louis

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1998

44. Transthoracic echocardiography of a congenital left circumflex artery to coronary sinus fistula

Author

Yong Qw, Gill Ds, and Ng Ks

Subjects
Adult, Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronary Vessel Anomalies, Fistula, Left circumflex artery, Diastole, Miscellanea, Left coronary artery, Continuous murmur, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Coronary sinus, Vascular Fistula, business.industry, medicine.disease, Echocardiography, Doppler, Color, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Radiology, Transthoracic echocardiogram, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

A 37 year old man presented with a continuous murmur throughout both phases of systole and diastole. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed an enlarged left main stem (1.15 cm) …

Published
2004

45. Massive pulmonary haemorrhage complicating the treatment of acute coronary syndrome

Author

Ng Ks, Gill Ds, and Ng K

Subjects
Lung Diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Myocardial Infarction, Hemorrhage, Pulmonary Edema, Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex, Fatal Outcome, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, Angina, Unstable, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Diagnostic Errors, Acute pulmonary oedema, business.industry, Electronic Pages, Tirofiban, Middle Aged, Pulmonary edema, medicine.disease, Clopidogrel, Radiography, Cardiology, Tyrosine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Complication, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Antiplatelet medications such as clopidogrel and tirofiban (glycoprotien IIb/IIIa inhibitors) are associated with a reduction in mortality and morbidity and are therefore recommended in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Massive pulmonary haemorrhage is a rare complication of both clopidogrel and tirofiban. Pulmonary haemorrhage may easily be mistaken for acute pulmonary oedema, a condition commonly seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Physicians need to be aware of this diagnostic dilemma because early treatment increases the chances of patient survival.

Published
2004

47. Anterior cruciate ligament failure and cartilage damage during knee joint compression: a preliminary study based on the porcine model.

Author

Yeow CH, Cheong CH, Ng KS, Lee PVS, and Goh JCH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury incurred from high-impact activities leads to an increased risk of osteoarthritis. HYPOTHESIS: Impact forces that cause ACL failure can also inflict cartilage damage, whereby its extent and distribution may be influenced by the ligament failure mechanism. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS: Six porcine knee specimens were mounted to a material testing system at 70 degrees of flexion. During compression, rotational and translational data of the specimens were recorded with a motion-capture system. Compression was successively repeated with increasing actuator displacement until a significant drop in compressive force response was observed; ligament failure was assessed by dissection. Osteocartilage explants were extracted from the meniscus-covered sites (anterior, exterior, and posterior) and exposed (interior) sites on both tibial compartments. The explants were sectioned, stained, and histologically scored using the modified Mankin grading system. RESULTS: Five of the 6 specimens incurred ACL failure. On failure, a significant compressive force drop (1812.5-2659.3 N) was observed together with considerable posterior femoral translation; 2 specimens underwent external rotation, while 2 had internal rotation and 1 had no substantial rotation. Generally, the meniscus-covered sites displayed significant surface fraying and occasional deep clefts; the exposed site did not present substantial surface irregularities but indicated more tidemark disruption. Higher Mankin scores observed at certain sites illustrated a localized presence of contact and shear forces, which may be caused by pivoting and sliding of the femoral condyles during rotation. CONCLUSION: The porcine model can be a tenable preliminary option for assessing the role of the human ACL during joint compression. Impact loads that result in ligament failure can potentially inflict considerable cartilage damage; the damage profile may be affected by the type of failure mechanism. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cartilage injury arising at the time of ACL injury may lead to an accelerated risk of joint degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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48. Cisapride and Torsades de Pointes in a Pacemaker Patient.

Author

Ng KS, Tham LS, Tan HH, and Chia BL

Abstract

Cisapride induced QT prolongation with consequent life-threatening arrhythmias including torsades de pointes has recently been documented hut is rare. We report the case of a patient who had received permanent pacemaker therapy for complete AV block with symptomatic bradycardia dependent torsades de pointes, but suffered breakthrough torsades during cisapride therapy despite constant pacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000

49. Dual-site atrial pacing for atrial fibrillation in patients without bradycardia

Author

Cheuk-Man Yu, Jiunn Lee Lin, Michael R. S. Hill, Ng Ks, Ruth Kam, Chu-Pak Lau, Wee Siong Teo, Stephen Shoei K. Huang, Stephanie M. Fitts, Hung-Fat Tse, and Douglas A. Hettrick

Subjects
Adult, Male, Bradycardia, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Heart disease, Sick sinus syndrome, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Humans, Life Tables, Single-Blind Method, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Over Studies, business.industry, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Sotalol, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Anesthesia, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Algorithms, medicine.drug
Abstract

Atrial pacing has been shown to delay the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) when compared with ventricular pacing in patients with sick sinus syndrome. The role for pacing in the control of AF in patients without bradycardia is uncertain. We performed a randomized, crossover, single-blinded study in 22 patients (14 women, aged 63 +/- 10 years) with paroxysmal AF refractory to treatment with oral sotalol (202 +/- 68 mg/day) and no bradycardic indication for pacing. All patients received a dual-chamber pacemaker with 2 atrial pacing leads positioned at the high right atrium and coronary sinus ostium, respectively. Patients were randomized in a crossover fashion to be paced for 12 weeks, either with high right atrial (RA) pacing at 30 beats/min ("Off") or dual-site RA pacing with an overdrive algorithm that maintained atrial pacing at a rate slightly above the sinus rate ("On"). Treatment on resulted in a significantly higher percentage of atrial pacing and a reduction in atrial ectopic frequency than the treatment off period. The time to the first clinical AF recurrence was prolonged (15 +/- 17 to 50 +/- 35 days, p = 0.006), and total AF burden was reduced (45 +/- 34% vs 22 +/- 29%, p = 0.04) in the on-treatment phase. However, there was no difference in AF checklist symptom scores or overall quality-of-life measures. Dual-site RA pacing with continued sinus overdrive prolonged the time to AF recurrence and decreased AF burden in patients with paroxysmal AF. The absence of a major impact on symptom control suggests that pacing should be used as an adjunctive therapy with other treatment modalities for AF.

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