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Using a prototype approach to emotion concepts, we mapped the internal structure and content of the everyday concept of envy (as used in the United States) and its translation equivalents of envidia in Spanish and Neid in German. In Study 1 (total N = 415), the features of the concept of envy, envidia, and Neid were generated via an open‐ended questionnaire. In Study 2 (total N = 404), participants rated the degree of typicality of the constitutive features on a forced‐choice questionnaire. The prototype analysis of envy, supplemented with network analyses, revealed that the largest connected set of features of envy, envidia, and Neid shared a group of central features, including features related to success or to people with a better appearance. Still, envy, envidia, and Neid did differ with respect to their constituent peripheral features as well as the density of their networks, their structure, and the betweenness centrality of the nodes. These results suggest that a prototype approach combined with network analysis is a convenient approach for studying the internal structure of everyday emotion concepts and the degree of overlap with respect to the translation equivalents in different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice-making institutions rest on a vast network of rules, people, and artifacts. The federal criminal code of the United States, for example, has hundreds of sections with provisions for robbery and burglary, counterfeit bonds, chemical weapons, riots, expenditures to influence voting, and many others. This complexity can be traced to a handful of biological games played by our foraging ancestors in their small, stateless societies. The overarching theme is conflict. Justice is predicated on actual or possible conflicts of interest. Individual brains include an array of adaptations that were selected for because they regulated conflict in ways that promoted fitness: concepts (e.g., wrongful act , unjust distribution), intuitions (e.g., a wrong deserves a punishment), and emotion systems (e.g., anger), among others. These ancient adaptations appear to form the core of justice institutions in modern societies—a core that is augmented by deliberation and writing systems. This theory of justice institutions can generate distinctive predictions. For example, the logic of justice institutions will echo the logic of their underlying adaptations and thus will be apparent in people's interactions. Further, laypeople will be able to intuitively recreate basic features of justice institutions near and far, past and present—because they have a common human nature with domestic and foreign lawmakers. Here, we review evidence relevant to (i) the criminal justice system and (ii) government redistribution in light of this adaptationist theory. We conclude that adaptationism is a productive framework to elucidate justice institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Envy is an impactful emotion on consumer behaviors, yet envy is quite complex to be comprehended due to its two different forms (malicious and benign). Therefore, it is significant to find out the factors occurring envy to consume to understand the impact and consequences of envy. This empirical study improves our understanding of envy occurrence (malicious or benign) in Generation Z (Gen Z) consumers by comparing two countries (the United States and Mexico) as representing individualistic and collectivistic cultures. We apply complexity theory as a basis for the configurational model, which we test using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis. We use three configurations—personality, attitudes, and attached importance to participants on social networking sites—to explore causal recipes leading to malicious and benign envy. The findings of this study highlight the differences in Gen Z consumers' envy occurrence regarding configurational factors. In addition to said factors, this research indicates that culture plays a significant role in Gen Z's envy occurrence, thus contributing to the current knowledge set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate factors associated with the stigmatization of people of Asian descent during COVID-19 in the United States and factors that can mitigate or prevent stigmatization. A national sample survey of adults (N = 842) was conducted online between May 11 and May 19, 2020. Outcome variables were two dimensions of stigmatization, responsibility and persons as risk. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Racial prejudice, maladaptive coping, and biased media use each explained stigmatization. Racial prejudice, comprising stereotypical beliefs and emotion toward Asian Americans, was a stronger predictor of stigmatization than maladaptive coping or biased media use. Fear concerning the ongoing COVID-19 situation and the use of social media and partisan cable TV also predicted stigmatization. Low self-efficacy in dealing with COVID-19, when associated with high estimated harm of COVID-19, increased stigmatization. High perceived institutional efficacy in the handling of COVID-19 increased stigmatization when linked to high estimated harm of COVID-19. On the other hand, high perceived collective efficacy in coping with COVID-19 was associated with low stigmatization. More indirect contacts with Asians via the media predicted less stigmatization. Efforts to reduce stigmatization should address racial stereotypes and emotions, maladaptive coping, and biased media use by providing education and resources to the public. Fostering collective efficacy and media-based contacts with Asian Americans can facilitate these efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study investigated travel nurses' perception of their communication and relational experiences with other nurses. Background: It is common for nurses to offer and to accept help, especially since nurses enter and exit numerous nursing teams throughout their careers and sometimes several times within a single shift. The social norm of reciprocity suggests that nurses supported by other nurses will likely reciprocate in prosocial behaviour. However, when and whom one can or will help highlight differences in individuals' ability to share and compete for personal and professional resources. Method: Thematic analysis on data collected through semi‐structured interviews. Results: Four categories of perceived envy‐motivated communication conceptualize nurses' communication and relational experiences. Conclusion: This study underscores the pervasiveness of social comparison and perceived envy‐motivated communication among nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers should explore how they might leverage social comparison and the effects of envy to improve unit productivity. One strategy that nurse managers might adopt to promote fairness perception and trust is to communicate expressly how they allocate resources to their nurses. A sequential strategy to level the gap in nurses' exposure to different ways of overcoming resource deficiencies is to encourage mutual learning as prosocial behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this study 109 spouse/sibling/sibling-in-law triads reported the degree of envy, communication of envy, and triggers of envy experienced in the triadic system. The relationship between envy and relational satisfaction and closeness was also assessed. Envy was largely experienced differentially in each relationship type. Siblings reported more occurrences of envy than did the siblings-in-law or spouses. Spouses were more likely than siblings or siblings-in-law to use communicative responses to envy. The sibling-in-law relationship shared similarities with both spousal and sibling relationships. Relational closeness and satisfaction for all relationships in the triad were correlated. Envy was not related to relational closeness and was inversely related to relational satisfaction for siblings and spouses only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers envy has a motivation for terrorist acts. Envy works on the principle that someone has something another cannot attain, causing the other to act out to destroy it, thereby levelling the inequities between the two parties. This also implies that the thing possessed has an intrinsic value. Envy arises when the gap between the two parties becomes insurmountable and its causes unjust. In the case of the United States and 9/11, the enormous economic power of the U.S. and the gap between rich and poor was seen as morally unjust by the terrorists.

Examines the role of envy and mothers in the violent behavior of a husband who murdered his wife in the novel "Paul Felton," by Richard Henry Dana, Sr. in light of the prevalence of familial homicide in the U.S. in eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Discusses factors that led to a revolution in family life, problems with paternity uncertainty as a complete explanation of the violence of men like John Cowan and the influence of the death of Dana's wife and infant daughter on the book.

Focuses on patients desperately struggling with feelings of envy and greed in the U.S. Impact of excessive greed and envy on patients; Possibility to bring complex and destructive internal objects relations; Factors affecting the feeling of greed.

Focuses on the influence of consumer economy on the morality and behavior of children in the U.S. Effects of consumerism on children; Involvement of youth in consumer culture; Development of envy among children.

Background. The current Coronavirus pandemic has been linked to a dramatic increase in anti-Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) hate incidents in the United States. At the time of writing, there does not appear to be any published empirical research examining the mechanisms underlying Asiaphobia during the current pandemic. Based on the stereotype content model, we investigated the idea that ambivalent attitudes toward AAPIs, marked primarily with envy, may be contributing to anti-AAPI xenophobia. Methods. Study 1 (N = 140) explored, through a survey, the link between envious stereotypes toward AAPIs and Asiaphobia. Study 2 (N = 167), utilizing autobiographical recall tasks, experimentally induced the affect of envy in order to establish causality between feelings of envy toward AAPIs and Asiaphobia. Results. In Study 1, envious stereotypes toward AAPIs were found to be predictive of Asiaphobia and, in Study 2, the inducement of envy led to heightened levels of Asiaphobia. Conclusions. The current research provides support for the proposition that, consistent with the stereotype content model, stereotypes and attitudes toward AAPIs marked with ambivalent and envious views, consisting of a mix of perceived competence and lack of "human warmth," may be fueling Asiaphobia. Implications for potential applications and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors compare the health care systems of the U.S. and Great Britain and some aspects that they should envy each other that may lead to reform. They note that the U.S. should envy the commitment of Great Britain to universal access to health care. On the other hand, Great Britain should envy the U.S. for its choices and the competition that drives health care organizations to respond to their needs and wants as well as its reliance on market principles.

The article discusses the research paper of American psychologist Kenneth Winarick titled "Psychoanalytic Pluralism through the Lens of Envy and Narcissism" presented during the scientific meeting of the American Institute for Psychoanalysis on February 27, 2014. The paper draws the relationship between envy and narcissism. The paper focuses on connectivity in which the ideas intersect and may subsequently expand clinical understanding.

Due to the increasing population and limited funding for maintenance and construction, the efficiency of the transportation network system in the U.S. is being challenged by a potential crisis that endangers the economic growth of the nation and the quality of life of the people. Although funding allocation can be approached using different methods, it is difficult to reach consensus on the criteria used to distribute limited funds among competing needs. Conventional funding allocation methods use weighted formulas based on population and other criteria. However, formula-based funding allocation methods may lead to the public's disagreement if funding allocation final decisions are not perceived as fair or equitable by all agencies. A fair division transportation allocation model (FDTAM) is proposed as an alternative to fairly distribute limited funds among the agencies competing for funding. The FDTAM aims to maximize the participants' project desirability and to minimize total envy due to budget constraints. Desirability represents how desirable a certain project is to the participant based on his/her own criteria. As a result of a case study, the application of the FDTAM to transportation allocation problems is considered a feasible alternative when compared with conventional funding allocation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has yielded inconsistent findings concerning the relationship between envy and schadenfreude. Three studies examined whether the distinction between benign and malicious envy can resolve this inconsistency. We found that malicious envy is related to schadenfreude, while benign envy is not. This result held both in the Netherlands where benign and malicious envy are indicated by separate words (Study 1: Sample A, N = 139; Sample B, N = 150), and in the USA where a single word is used to denote both types (Study 2, N = 180; Study 3, N = 349). Moreover, the effect of malicious envy on schadenfreude was independent of other antecedents of schadenfreude (such as feelings of inferiority, disliking the target person, anger, and perceived deservedness). These findings improve our understanding of the antecedents of schadenfreude and help reconcile seemingly contradictory findings on the relationship between envy and schadenfreude.

The article discusses the annual reports on the causes and care of these perverse children which was prepared by Lilburn Merrill in the U.S. Merrill said that dishonesty is the greatest anti-social fault committed by these young people where envying is a human nature. Factors that trigger such incidence are the exposure to amusements in which they are attracted to vices and child neglect which is the most cases in the children's court.