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Given a smooth spacelike surface $\Sigma$ of negative curvature in Anti-de Sitter space of dimension 3, invariant by a representation $\rho:\pi_1(S)\to\mathrm{PSL}_2\mathbb{R}\times\mathrm{PSL}_2\mathbb{R}$ where $S$ is a closed oriented surface of genus $\geq 2$, a canonical construction associates to $\Sigma$ a diffeomorphism $\phi_\Sigma$ of $S$. It turns out that $\phi_\Sigma$ is a symplectomorphism for the area forms of the two hyperbolic metrics $h$ and $h'$ on $S$ induced by the action of $\rho$ on $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{H}^2$. Using an algebraic construction related to the flux homomorphism, we give a new proof of the fact that $\phi_\Sigma$ is the composition of a Hamiltonian symplectomorphism of $(S,h)$ and the unique minimal Lagrangian diffeomorphism from $(S,h)$ to $(S,h')$., Comment: 20 pages

This article pursues the study of the knot state asymptotics in the large level limit initiated in "Knot sate Asymptotics I". As a main result, we prove the Witten asymptotic expansion conjecture for the Dehn fillings of the figure eight knot. The state of a knot is defined in the realm of Chern-Simons topological quantum field theory as a holomorphic section on the SU(2)-character manifold of the peripheral torus. In the previous paper, we conjectured that the knot state concentrates on the character variety of the knot with a given asymptotic behavior on the neighborhood of the abelian representations. In the present paper we study the neighborhood of irreducible representations. We conjecture that the knot state is Lagrangian with a phase and a symbol given respectively by the Chern-Simons and Reidemeister torsion invariants. We show that under some mild assumptions, these conjectures imply the Witten conjecture on the asymptotic expansion of WRT invariants of the Dehn fillings of the knot. Using microlocal techniques, we show that the figure eight knot state satisfies our conjecture starting from q-differential relations verified by the colored Jones polynomials. The proof relies on a differential equation satisfied by the Reidemeister torsion along the branches of the character variety, a phenomenon which has not been observed previously as far as we know., 45 pages, 2 figures

We define an index for the critical points of parametrized Hamiltonian action functionals. The expected dimension of moduli spaces of parametrized Floer trajectories equals the difference of indices of the asymptotes., Comment: 18 pages. This paper contains and extends the discussion of the index that was part of the first version of our paper arXiv:0909.4526. To appear in Geometriae Dedicata, Special Issue GESTA 2011

In this paper we introduce the concept of decorated character variety for the Riemann surfaces arising in the theory of the Painlev\'e differential equations. Since all Painlev\'e differential equations (apart from the sixth one) exhibit Stokes phenomenon, it is natural to consider Riemann spheres with holes and bordered cusps on such holes. The decorated character is defined as complexification of the bordered cusped Teichm\"uller space introduced in arXiv:1509.07044. We show that the decorated character variety of a Riemann sphere with s holes and n>1 bordered cusps is a Poisson manifold of dimension 3 s+ 2 n-6 and we explicitly compute the Poisson brackets which are naturally of cluster type. We also show how to obtain the confluence procedure of the Painlev\'e differential equations in geometric terms., Comment: Parts of this paper overlap with arXiv:1212.6723, but it presents a much deeper geometric understanding and the new notion of decorated character variety which was not included there. 19 coloured pictures, 33 pages. To appear on Int. Mat. Res. Not

The long exact sequence describes how the Floer cohomology of two Lagrangian submanifolds changes if one of them is modified by applying a Dehn twist. We give a proof in the simplest case (no bubbling). The paper contains a certain amount of material that may be of interest independently of the exact sequence: in particular, chapter 1 covers "symplectic Picard-Lefschetz theory" in some detail, and chapter 2 contains a generalization of the usual TQFT setup for Floer cohomology., 70 pages, 12 eps figures

We discuss the properties of a certain type of Dehn surgery along a Lagrangian torus in a symplectic 4-manifold, known as Luttinger's surgery, and use this construction to provide a purely topological interpretation of a non-isotopy result for symplectic plane curves with cusp and node singularities due to Moishezon., 15 pages

International audience; I show some ways of applying the meromorphic non-integability theorems of Ziglin and Morales-Ramis to the {\em real} non-integrability of some Hamiltonian systems.

In a previous article, we proved that symplectic homeomorphisms preserving a coisotropic submanifold C, preserve its characteristic foliation as well. As a consequence, such symplectic homeomorphisms descend to the reduction of the coisotropic C. In this article we show that these reduced homeomorphisms continue to exhibit certain symplectic properties. In particular, in the specific setting where the symplectic manifold is a torus and the coisotropic is a standard subtorus, we prove that the reduced homeomorphism preserves spectral invariants and hence the spectral capacity. To prove our main result, we use Lagrangian Floer theory to construct a new class of spectral invariants which satisfy a non-standard triangle inequality., 39 pages, to appear in Annales scientifiques de l'\'Ecole normale sup\'erieure

This text presents some basic notions in symplectic geometry, Poisson geometry, Hamiltonian systems, Lie algebras and Lie groups actions on symplectic or Poisson manifolds, momentum maps and their use for the reduction of Hamiltonian systems. It should be accessible to readers with a general knowledge of basic notions in differential geometry. Full proofs of many results are provided. The Marsden-Weinstein reduction procedure and the Euler-Poincar\'e equation are discussed. Symplectic cocycles involved when a momentum map is equivariant with respect to an affine action whose linear part is the coadjoint action are presented. The Hamiltonian actions of a Lie group on its cotangent bundle obtained by lifting the actions of the group on itself by translations on the left and on the right are fully discussed. We prove that there exists a two-parameter family of deformations of these actions into a pair of mutually symplectically orthogonal Hamiltonian actions whose momentum maps are equivariant with respect to an affine action involving any given Lie group symplectic cocycle. In the last section three classical examples are considered: the spherical pendulum, the motion of a rigid body around a fixed point and the Kepler problem. For each example the Euler-Poincar\'e equation is derived, the first integrals linked to symmetries are given. In this Section, the classical concepts of vector calculus on an Euclidean three-dimensional vector space (scalar, vector and mixed products) are used and their interpretation in terms of concepts such as the adjoint or coadjoint action of the group of rotations are explained., Comment: 70 pages This new version corrects a few misprints

Consider the Chern-Simons topological quantum field theory with gauge group SU(2) and level k. Given a knot in the 3-sphere, this theory associates to the knot exterior an element in a vector space. We call this vector the knot state and study its asymptotic properties when the level is large. The latter vector space being isomorphic to the geometric quantization of the SU(2)-character variety of the peripheral torus, the knot state may be viewed as a section defined over this character variety. We first conjecture that the knot state concentrates in the large level limit to the character variety of the knot. This statement may be viewed as a real and smooth version of the AJ conjecture. Our second conjecture says that the knot state in the neighborhood of abelian representations is a Lagrangian state. Using microlocal techniques, we prove these conjectures for the figure eight and torus knots. The proof is based on q-difference relations for the colored Jones polynomial. We also provide a new proof for the asymptotics of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of the lens spaces and a derivation of the Melvin-Morton-Rozansky theorem from the two conjectures., 47 pages, 2 figures

We introduce the notion of skew-holomorphic Lie algebroid on a complex manifold, and explore some cohomologies theories that one can associate to it. Examples are given in terms of holomorphic Poisson structures of various sorts., 16 pages. v2: Final version to be published in Theor. Math. Phys. (incorporates only very minor changes)

I first recall the various problems of real enumerative geometry out of which I could extract some integer valued invariants, providing some real counterpart to Gromov-Witten invariants. I then discuss sharpness of the lower bounds given by these invariants and some of their arithmetical properties. Finally, I present further results which guaranty the presence or absence of pseudo-holomorphic discs with boundary on a Lagrangian submanifold of a given symplectic manifold., Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures

The Rabinowitz-Floer homology groups $RFH_*(M,W)$ are associated to an exact embedding of a contact manifold $(M,\xi)$ into a symplectic manifold $(W,\omega)$. They depend only on the bounded component $V$ of $W\setminus M$. We construct a long exact sequence in which symplectic cohomology of $V$ maps to symplectic homology of $V$, which in turn maps to Rabinowitz-Floer homology $RFH_*(M,W)$, which then maps to symplectic cohomology of $V$. We compute $RFH_*(ST^*L,T^*L)$, where $ST^*L$ is the unit cosphere bundle of a closed manifold $L$. As an application, we prove that the image of an exact contact embedding of $ST^*L$ (endowed with the standard contact structure) cannot be displaced away from itself by a Hamiltonian isotopy, provided $\dim L\ge 4$ and the embedding induces an injection on $\pi_1$. In particular, $ST^*L$ does not admit an exact contact embedding into a subcritical Stein manifold if $L$ is simply connected. We also prove that Weinstein's conjecture holds in symplectic manifolds which admit exact displaceable codimension 0 embeddings., Comment: 59 pages, 8 figures

We construct an action of the braid group B_N on the twisted quantized enveloping algebra U'_q(o_N) where the elements of B_N act as automorphisms. In the classical limit q -> 1 we recover the action of B_N on the polynomial functions on the space of upper triangular matrices with ones on the diagonal. The action preserves the Poisson bracket on the space of polynomials which was introduced by Nelson and Regge in their study of quantum gravity and re-discovered in the mathematical literature. Furthermore, we construct a Poisson bracket on the space of polynomials associated with another twisted quantized enveloping algebra U'_q(sp_{2n}). We use the Casimir elements of both twisted quantized enveloping algebras to re-produce some well-known and construct some new polynomial invariants of the corresponding Poisson algebras., 29 pages, more references added

We consider the product of two projective lines equipped with the complex conjugation transforming $(x,y)$ into $(\bar{y},\bar{x})$ and blown up in at most two real, or two complex conjugate, points. For these four surfaces we prove the logarithmic equivalence of Welschinger and Gromov-Witten invariants., 13 pages, 6 figures

We show that two open books in a given closed, oriented three-manifold admit isotopic stabilizations, where the stabilization is made by successive plumbings with Hopf bands, if and only if their associated plane fields are homologous. Since this condition is automatically fulfilled in an integral homology sphere, the theorem implies a conjecture of J Harer, namely, that any fibered link in the three-sphere can be obtained from the unknot by a sequence of plumbings and deplumbings of Hopf bands. The proof presented here involves contact geometry in an essential way., This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 4 March 2006

A natural way of generalising Hamiltonian toric manifolds is to permit the presence of generic isolated singularities for the moment map. For a class of such ``almost-toric 4-manifolds'' which admits a Hamiltonian $S^1$-action we show that one can associate a group of convex polygons that generalise the celebrated moment polytopes of Atiyah, Guillemin-Sternberg. As an application, we derive a Duistermaat-Heckman formula demonstrating a strong effect of the possible monodromy of the underlying integrable system., Comment: finally a revision of the 2003 preprint. 29 pages, 8 figures

We say that a contact manifold is Milnor fillable if it is contactomorphic to the contact boundary of an isolated complex-analytic singularity (X,x). Generalizing results of Milnor and Giroux, we associate to each holomorphic function f defined on X, with isolated singularity at x, an open book which supports the contact structure. Moreover, we prove that any 3-dimensional oriented manifold admits at most one Milnor fillable contact structure up to contactomorphism. * * * * * * * * In the first version of the paper, we showed that the open book associated to f carries the contact structure only up to an isotopy. Here we drop this restriction. Following a suggestion of Janos Kollar, we also give a simplified proof of the algebro-geometrical theorem 4.1, central for the uniqueness result., 17 pages

The purpose of this paper is to give a survey of the various versions of Floer homology for manifolds with contact type boundary that have so far appeared in the literature. Under the name of ``Symplectic homology'' or ``Floer homology for manifolds with boundary'' they bear in fact common features and we shall try to underline the principles that unite them. Once this will be accomplished we shall proceed to describe the peculiarity of each of the constructions and the specific applications that unfold out of it: classification of ellipsoids and polydiscs in $\CC^n$, stability of the action spectrum for contact type boundaries of symplectic manifolds, existence of closed characteristics on contact type hypersurfaces and obstructions to exact Lagrange embeddings. The computation of the Floer cohomology for balls in $\CC^n$ is carried by explicitly perturbing the nondegenerate Morse-Bott spheres of closed characteristics., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures

Introducing the notion of stabilized fundamental group for the complement of a branch curve in $CP^2$, we define effectively computable invariants of symplectic 4-manifolds that generalize those previously introduced by Moishezon and Teicher for complex projective surfaces. Moreover, we study the structure of these invariants and formulate conjectures supported by calculations on new examples., Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures

We first present the construction of the moduli space of real pseudo-holomorphic curves in a given real symplectic manifold. Then, following the approach of Gromov and Witten, we construct invariants under deformation of real rational symplectic 4-manifolds. These invariants provide lower bounds for the number of real rational $J$-holomorphic curves in a given homology class passing through a given real configuration of points., 31 pages, 8 figures

We show that in every dimension greater than or equal to 4, there exist compact Kaehler manifolds which do not have the homotopy type of projective complex manifolds. Thus they a fortiori are not deformation equivalent to a projective manifold, which solves negatively Kodaira's problem. We give both non simply connected (of dimension at least 4) and simply connected (of dimension at least 6) such examples., Comment: To appear in Inventiones Math

We describe a simplification of Donaldson's arguments for the construction of symplectic hypersurfaces or Lefschetz pencils that makes it possible to avoid any reference to Yomdin's work on the complexity of real algebraic sets., Comment: 8 pages

We consider symplectic Floer homology in the lowest nontrivial dimension, that is to say, for area-preserving diffeomorphisms of surfaces. Particular attention is paid to the quantum cap product; we show that it distinguishes the trivial element of the mapping class group from any nontrivial one., 11 pages, Latex

The main theorem of this paper is a result of estimated transversality with respect to stratifications of jet spaces in the approximately holomorphic category over an almost-complex manifold. The notion of asymptotic ampleness of complex vector bundles over an almost-complex manifold is also discussed, as well as applications to the construction of maps with generic singularities from compact symplectic manifolds to projective spaces., 25 pages; to appear in Proc. International KIAS Conference (Seoul, 2000)

The paper continues the discussion of symplectic aspects of Picard-Lefschetz theory begun in "Vanishing cycles and mutation" (this archive). There we explained how to associate to a suitable fibration over a two-dimensional disc a triangulated category, the "derived directed Fukaya category" which describes the structure of the vanishing cycles. The present second part serves two purposes. Firstly, it contains various kinds of algebro-geometric examples, including the "mirror manifold" of the projective plane. Secondly there is a (largely conjectural) discussion of more advanced topics, such as (i) Hochschild cohomology, (ii) relations between Picard-Lefschetz theory and Morse theory, (iii) a proposed "dimensional reduction" algorithm for doing certain Floer cohomology computations., 33 pages, LaTeX2e, 9 eps figures

In this paper, we study the global behaviour of contact structures on oriented manifolds V which are circle bundles over a closed orientable surface S of genus g>0. We establish in particular contact analogs of a number of classical results about foliations due to Milnor, Wood, Thurston, Matsumoto, and Ghys. In Section~1, we prove that V carries a (positive) contact structure transverse to the fibers if and only if the Euler number of the fibration is less or equal to 2g-2. In Section~2, we show that, for any contact structure $��$ on V, one of the following properties holds: either $��$ is isotopic to a contact structure transverse to the fibers or there exists, in some finite sheeted cover of V, a Legendrian curve isotopic to the fiber along which $��$ determines the same framing as the fibration $V \to S$. In Section 3, we classify contact structures that are transverse to the fibers up to isotopy and conjugation. In Section 4, we study general tight contact structures on V. We prove that virtually over-twisted contact structures form finitely many isotoy classes while isotopy classes of universally tight contact structures are in one-to-one correspondence with isotopy classes of systems of essential curves on S., 37 pages, LaTeX

International audience

International audience

A result from Gromov ensures the existence of a contact structure on any connected non-compact odd dimensional Lie group. But in general such structures are not invariant under left translations of the Lie group. The problem of finding which Lie groups admit a left invariant contact structure (contact Lie groups), is then still open. While Lie groups with left invariant symplectic structures are widely studied by a number of authors (amongst which A. Lichnerowicz; E.B. Vinberg; I.I. Pjateckii-Sapiro; S. G. Gindikin; A. Medina; Ph. Revoy; M. Goze, J. Dorfmeister; K. Nakajima; etc.), contact Lie groups still remain quite unexplored. We perform a `contactization' method to construct, in every odd dimension, many contact Lie groups with a discrete centre and discuss some applications and consequences of such a construction. We give classification results in low dimensions. In any dimension greater than or equal to 7, there are infinitely many locally non-isomorphic solvable contact Lie groups. We also classify and characterize contact Lie groups having some prescribed Riemannian or semi-Riemannian structure and derive some obstructions results., Comment: 17 pages, Latex. Added references, examples and comments, corrected typos