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1. Introduction to Tensor Processing Units

Author: David Paper
Subjects: Tensor processing unit, business.industry, Computer science, Deep learning, Integrated circuit, law.invention, Computer engineering, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, Tensor (intrinsic definition), Code (cryptography), Google Brain, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: We introduce you to Tensor Processing Units with code examples. A Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed to accelerate ML workloads. The TPUs available in TensorFlow are custom-developed from the ground up by the Google Brain team based on its plethora of experience and leadership in the ML community. Google Brain is a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) research team at Google who research ways to make machines intelligent for the improvement of people’s lives.
Published: 2021

2. Dabigatran in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MANAGE) : an international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author: P J Devereaux, Emmanuelle Duceppe, Gordon Guyatt, Vikas Tandon, Reitze Rodseth, Bruce M Biccard, Denis Xavier, Wojciech Szczeklik, Christian S Meyhoff, Jessica Vincent, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Sadeesh K Srinathan, Jason Erb, Patrick Magloire, John Neary, Mangala Rao, Prashant V Rahate, Navneet K Chaudhry, Bongani Mayosi, Miriam de Nadal, Pilar Paniagua Iglesias, Otavio Berwanger, Juan Carlos Villar, Fernando Botto, John W Eikelboom, Daniel I Sessler, Clive Kearon, Shirley Pettit, Mukul Sharma, Stuart J Connolly, Shrikant I Bangdiwala, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Andreas Hoeft, Salim Yusuf, P.J. Devereaux, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala, Stuart Connolly, John Eikelboom, Janice Pogue, Daniel I. Sessler, Sara Di Diodato, Zora Gasic, Louise J. Mastrangelo, Sarah H. Molnar, Jennifer L. Swanson, Makayla L. Tosh, Jennifer R. Wells, Rafael Diaz, Clara K. Chow, Beatriz Gonzales, Skarlet Vásquez, Petr Jansky, Radovan Dušek, Christian S. Meyhoff, Pierre Coriat, Maria Wittmann, Gerald Yonga, Nandini Mathur, Elena Seletti, German Malaga, Bernadette A. Tumanan-Mendoza, Maria Pamela A. Tagle, Bruce M. Biccard, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Ekaterine Popova, Martin Shields, Yannick Le Manach, Paul Moayyedi, Sander van Zanten, Edith Fleischmann, Amit Garg, Kamilu Karaye, Edward McFalls, Alben Sigamani, Emilie Belley-Côté, Grzegorz Biedroń, Flavia Borges, Steffan Frosi Stella, Christian Haarmark Nielsen, Darryl P. Leong, Jessica Spence, Allen Tran, Katarzyna Wawrzycka-Adamczyk, Stephen S. Yang, Terence Yung, D. George Wyse, Davy Cheng, David E. Johnstone, George A. Wells, Philip Joseph, Ameen Patel, Krysten Gregus, Kelly Lawrence, Lindsay Doharris, David Conen, Jason Cheung, Jim Douketis, Douglas Wright, Spencer Wikkerink, William Dechert, Mohamed Panju, Khalid Azzam, Theodore Rapanos, Tomas Van Helder, Anjali Shroff, Jacqueline Hare, Biniam Kidane, Thang Nguyen, Larissa Leydier, Vanessa Bayaraa, Joel Parlow, Deborah A. DuMerton, Amar Thakrar, Jessica Shelley, Benoit Deligne, Roberta Daila Carling, Marko Mrkobrada, George K. Dresser, Michael J. Jacka, David Hornstein, Gerrit B. Winkelaar, Zoeb Hussain Haider, Pravina Prashant Lanjewar, Valsamma Varughese, Rajneesh Calton, Hemani Ahuja, Preetha George, Ambika Sharma, Keyur Sureshchandra Bhatt, Dhaval Odhavajibhai Mangukiya, Karshan Vira Nandaniya, Viral Vasantrai Parekh, Ashok Bhaskaran Pillai, Vidya P. Menon, Sanjay Channappa Desai, Ravinder Singh Sidhu, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Robbie K. George, T.R. Gurunath, Leanne W. Drummond, Alexandra M. Torborg, Belinda S. Küsel, Prebashini Naidoo, Datshana P. Naidoo, Chantal Rajah, Zane Farina, Richard Peter von Rahden, Simphiwe Gumede, Chishala Chishala, Ettienne Coetzee, Robert A. Dyer, Johan Diedericks, Piotr Bielański, Bogusz Kaczmarek, Dorota Studzińska, Maciej Zaniewski, Marek Józef Libura, Tomasz Mikołaj Zacharias-Nalichowski, Aurelia A.S. Sega, Jakub Salwa, Mateusz Kózka, Jacek Górka, Anna Wludarczyk, Ilona Nowak-Kózka, Paweł Szczepan Grudzień, Jaroslaw W. Gucwa, Michał Piotr Słowiaczek, Paweł P.D. Dobosz, Ismail Gögenur, Jens Ravn Eriksen, Tine Borup, Tove Kirkegaard, Dan Isbye, Asger Sonne, Lars S. Rasmussen, Sofie Pedersen, Hannibal Troensegaard, Camilla L. Duus, Benedikte M. Halle, Ossian N. Gundel, Katrine F. Bernholm, Kristian Rønsholt Martinsen, Søren Pedersen, Theis S. Itenov, Elena Camio, Carles Vázquez, Silvia Matarin, Esther Cano, Jesús Álvarez-García, Inmaculada India, Aránzazu González-Osuna, Marc Vives, Elena Rosselló, Ana B. Serrano, Maurizio Turiel, Lorenzo Drago, Chiara Colombo, Federica Marra, Lucio Mos, Franco Arteni, Rosalba Lembo, Alessandro Ortalda, Simonetta Passarani, Zhirajr Mokini, Estevao Lanna Figueiredo, Gustavo Fonseca Werner, Joao Luiz Petriz, Lilia Nigro Maia, Ricardo R. Bergo, Dalton Bertolim Precoma, José Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Eduardo Allegrini, Mariano Benzadón, Maria Leonor Parody, Ernesto A. Duronto, Adrián C. Ingaramo, Gustavo Adolfo Parra, Danny Novoa, Scott A. Miller, Sabu Thomas, Sudhakar P. Karlapudi, Mohamad H. Bourji, Subhash Banerjee, Anita Gupta, Isaac O. Opole, Michal Fischer, Victor Lecaros Mendoza, Eugenio Borja Reyes, Richard J. Pierson, Martin O. Shields, Vincent Piriou, Kai Zacharowski, Aida Rotta-Rotta, Main Paper, Sadeesh K. Srinathan, Prashant Rahate, Navneet Chaudhry, Bogani Mayosi, and Mike Sharma
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Myocardial Infarction, Placebo-controlled study, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, Antithrombins, Dabigatran, law.invention, Peripheral Arterial Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, 030202 anesthesiology, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Perioperative Period, Stroke, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Thrombosis, Venous Thromboembolism, General Medicine, Perioperative, Placebo Effect, medicine.disease, Troponin, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Female, business, Omeprazole, medicine.drug
Abstract: Summary Background Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) increases the risk of cardiovascular events and deaths, which anticoagulation therapy could prevent. Dabigatran prevents perioperative venous thromboembolism, but whether this drug can prevent a broader range of vascular complications in patients with MINS is unknown. The MANAGE trial assessed the potential of dabigatran to prevent major vascular complications among such patients. Methods In this international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited patients from 84 hospitals in 19 countries. Eligible patients were aged at least 45 years, had undergone non-cardiac surgery, and were within 35 days of MINS. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive dabigatran 110 mg orally twice daily or matched placebo for a maximum of 2 years or until termination of the trial and, using a partial 2-by-2 factorial design, patients not taking a proton-pump inhibitor were also randomly assigned (1:1) to omeprazole 20 mg once daily, for which results will be reported elsewhere, or matched placebo to measure its effect on major upper gastrointestinal complications. Research personnel randomised patients through a central 24 h computerised randomisation system using block randomisation, stratified by centre. Patients, health-care providers, data collectors, and outcome adjudicators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary efficacy outcome was the occurrence of a major vascular complication, a composite of vascular mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-haemorrhagic stroke, peripheral arterial thrombosis, amputation, and symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The primary safety outcome was a composite of life-threatening, major, and critical organ bleeding. Analyses were done according to the intention-to-treat principle. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01661101. Findings Between Jan 10, 2013, and July 17, 2017, we randomly assigned 1754 patients to receive dabigatran (n=877) or placebo (n=877); 556 patients were also randomised in the omeprazole partial factorial component. Study drug was permanently discontinued in 401 (46%) of 877 patients allocated to dabigatran and 380 (43%) of 877 patients allocated to placebo. The composite primary efficacy outcome occurred in fewer patients randomised to dabigatran than placebo (97 [11%] of 877 patients assigned to dabigatran vs 133 [15%] of 877 patients assigned to placebo; hazard ratio [HR] 0·72, 95% CI 0·55–0·93; p=0·0115). The primary safety composite outcome occurred in 29 patients (3%) randomised to dabigatran and 31 patients (4%) randomised to placebo (HR 0·92, 95% CI 0·55–1·53; p=0·76). Interpretation Among patients who had MINS, dabigatran 110 mg twice daily lowered the risk of major vascular complications, with no significant increase in major bleeding. Patients with MINS have a poor prognosis; dabigatran 110 mg twice daily has the potential to help many of the 8 million adults globally who have MINS to reduce their risk of a major vascular complication. Funding Boehringer Ingelheim and Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Published: 2018

3. Measurement of the partial width of the decay of the Z0 into charm quark pairs

Author: U. Kruener-Marquis, M. L. Turluer, D. Reid, D. Bertrand, P. Siegrist, P. Vaz, I. Lippi, J-C. Marin, P. Lutz, E. K. Johansson, D. Bollini, P. B. Renton, W. S. C. Williams, Spyros Tzamarias, P. Poropat, Andromachi Tsirou, P. V. Chliapnikov, Andre Augustinus, A. Wehr, Edoardo Castelli, D. Radojicic, E. Menichetti, E. Fokitis, Paula Eerola, D.N. Edwards, S. Biagi, Tiziano Rovelli, M. Cresti, S. Gawne, Wolfgang Adam, M. Davenport, J. Pyyhtia, R. Keranen, L. Paper, E. I. Rosenberg, P. Frenkiel, A. Passeri, V.A. Uvarov, A. M. Segar, V. Nikolaenko, G. Trustram, Tord Ekelof, H. Staeck, P. Kapusta, G. E. Kalmus, M. Kostrikov, F. Grard, V. Vrba, S. Squarcia, F. Cao, E. N. Gazis, B. Korzen, R.B. Kadyrov, Bengt Lund-Jensen, G. Ekspong, Giovanni Darbo, F. Couchot, A. A. Rademakers, W. T. Meyer, Anthony Lincoln Read, A. P. Ostankov, J. Bjarne, H. Palka, Itzhak Roditi, Natale Demaria, Gueorgui Chelkov, A. Ruiz, G. R. Wilkinson, C. Vander Velde, Wojciech Kucewicz, L. Tortora, T. Tuuva, J. N. Jackson, S. O. Holmgren, M. Szczekowski, G. Galeazzi, A. Ferrer, L. S. Vertogradov, Borge Svane Nielsen, H. Burmeister, F. Barao, Roberto Cirio, L. K. Resvanis, F. Simonetto, E. Lieb, J. J. Lozano, M. H. Gros, U. Nnau-Lorzen, M. S. Bilenky, S. Ferroni, P. Bambade, K. Kurvinen, P.S.L. Booth, J. Lindgren, L.J. Carroll, W. Klempt, L. Lyons, O. Doll, Krzysztof Doroba, George Kalkanis, Chiara Meroni, Robert S. Brown, Tiziano Camporesi, Klaus Hamacher, M. Bonapart, Massimo Caccia, J. G. Loken, S. D. Hodgson, C. Bricman, A. Pullia, M. I. Laakso, L. O. Eek, R. C. Shellard, Josef Hrubec, M. A. Winter, S. Simonetti, J. Maillard, T. A. Filippas, T. Hofmokl, S. Gumenyuk, R. A. Brenner, Ariella Cattai, P. Ronschese, D. Benedic, E. Higon, R. Seufert, F. Scuri, J. Sanxhez, A. M. Wetherell, Th. D. Papadopoulou, J. H. Bibby, Pierre Billoir, G. Cosme, A. Baroncelli, Marco Bozzo, M. J. Bates, B. De Lotto, Guenakh Mitselmakher, G. Crosetti, S. J. Alvsvaag, Leif J. Jönsson, Ugo Gasparini, D. C. Fries, P. Weilhammer, I. Belokopytov, D. Husson, I. A. Tyapkin, T. S. Spassoff, A. Campion, M. Pegoraro, M. Pernicka, G. Lenzen, R. Strub, J. E. Campagne, M. Koratzinos, L. Lanceri, Paul Baillon, E. C. Katsoufis, G. Myatt, E. Graziani, Mikko Voutilainen, P. S. Iversen, F. Fontanelli, H. Furstenau, E. Sanchis, A. Lopez-Fernandez, Marta Calvi, L. Di Ciaccio, C. Defoix, P. Szymanski, A. Firestone, N. Redaelli, J. Marco, S. Ueberschaer, F. Waldner, H. Wahlen, Ariel Goobar, Ugo Amaldi, H. Forsbach, J. W. Lamsa, Guido Barbiellini, H. Herr, L. G. Tkatchev, Jose M. Benlloch, A. Grant, Mogens Dam, C. Lambropoulos, Patrick Jarry, G. Rinaudo, Clara Troncon, J. Guy, W. De Boer, Geoffrey Smith, E.N. Tsyganov, J. H. Wickens, W. Dulinski, Jose Luis Contreras, A. Fenyuk, J. H. Koehne, M. Pimenta, K. Woschnagg, B. A. Khomenko, A. De Min, A. Stocchi, Joao Varela, Hans Dijkstra, A. Markou, T. Buran, N. De Groot, P. Beltran, M. Vollmer, P. Delpierre, Tim Adye, W. D. Apel, B. Franek, P. Kluit, M. Mazzucato, U. Rossi, C. Walck, Paolo Giacomelli, J. E. Hooper, Francesco Navarria, L. Vibert, K. H. Becks, G. W. Van Apeldoorn, M. P. Clara, G. D. Alekseev, P. Negri, J. M. Brunet, M. Jonker, Pierre Astier, J. Zúñiga, M. Boratay, P. Abreu, P. Borgeaud, R. Sekulin, A. Zalewska, M. Baubillier, K. D. Brand, E. Vallazza, L. Ventura, G. Hamel de Monchenault, H. Schneider, Göran Jarlskog, Jan Ridky, L. Mathis, T. Moa, M.A. Lopez Aguera, M. Mc Cubbin, K. Hultqvist, H. Borner, C. Pinori, B.D. Hyams, Mikael Berggren, S. Ragazzi, A. Sebastia, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Josef Strauss, E. Lillethum, A. Letessier-Selvon, Mitchell Wayne, P. Zalewski, V. Lepeltier, G. Kantarjian, B. Grossetete, Allan Hallgren, Vegni, Giovanni Valenti, F. Udo, W. Venus, G. Maehlum, I. Herbst, V. Ruhlmann, Paolo Checchia, Jacques Lemonne, J. Velasco, E. Rosso, H. Klein, Ph. Gavillet, V. V. Lapin, Hans Muller, Fares Djama, V. Canale, N. K. Visnevskiy, C. De Clercq, F. Kapusta, L. Bugge, J. Drees, P. D. Dauncey, N. J. Kjaer, A. J. Camacho Rozas, G. Sette, M. Sessa, Maria Elena Pol, G. Leder, Alexander Vodopyanov, B. Åsman, G. Zumerle, L. Cerrito, F. Bianchi, P. N. Bogolubov, F. Ledroit, Kjell Fransson, S. Katsanevas, P. Privitera, D. Z. Toet, T. Kreuzberger, D. Vilanova, Christine Kourkoumelis, E. Dahl-Jensen, M. Schaeffer, D. Y. Bardin, P. Beilliere, D. Crennell, W. Van Doninck, P. N. Ratoff, Andrea Perrotta, F. Alted, J. Dolbeau, F. Mandl, G. Smadja, A. Klovning, Daniel Treille, Paul Allen, R. Lucock, R. Sosnowski, Olga Botner, Krzysztof Korcyl, A. Tilquin, Jorge-Armando Benitez Garcia, U. Mjoernmark, R. Gokieli, B. W. Heck, P.I. Zarubin, J. J. Hernandez, J. Cuevas Maestro, P. O. Hulth, P. Yepes, M. Regler, C. J. Beeston, J. Krolikowski, N. Magnussen, P. Herquet, H. De Boeck, V. Falaleev, E. Daubie, P. Laurikainen, M. De Beer, M. R. Monge, B. Jean-Marie, S. Braibant, S. Tavernier, M. Tyndel, M. Bonesini, J. A. M. A. Buytaert, Y. Gouz, N. Crosland, G. Gopal, Y. Sacquin, Andrey Korytov, R. Llosa, H. Mueller, J.M. Gago, H. Foeth, D. Wormald, R. Contri, M. Fernandez Alonso, T. Bolognese, E. J. Sanchez, R. Orava, U. Trevisan, R. Zukanovich Funchal, M. Szeptycka, W. Bartl, J. Wikne, N. Smirnov, V. Perevozchikov, J. A. Valls Ferrer, M. Turala, Manolis Dris, J. P. Gerber, Mario Sannino, K. W. Glitza, P. Roudeau, G. Skjevling, J. P. Laugier, F. Stichelbaut, A. De Angelis, D. Delikaris, R. Dzhelyadin, D. Gamba, C. Stanescu, R. Lauhakangas, N. van Eijndhoven, E. Zevgolatakos, G. Voulgaris, F. Verbeure, Daniel Bloch, Ahmimed Ouraou, V.M. Golovatyuk, Marcos Dracos, B. Bouquet, Juan Fuster, M. Kopf, B. Dalmagne, Laurent Chevalier, R. Zitoun, F. Fulda-Quenzer, P. Kokkinias, Milos Lokajicek, J. Kesteman, E. G. Anassontzis, J. P. Engel, M. V. Castillo Gimenez, G. Damgaard, O. Pingot, V. Gracco, H. Saarikko, Pavlos Ioannou, A.K. Topphol, Klaus Moenig, M. A. Houlden, G. Matthiae, W. A. Mitaroff, F. Richard, M. Hahn, F. Naraghi, V. G. Timofeev, S. Almehed, K. Spang, F. Hahn, C. Matteuzzi, E. Lillestol, G. Grosdidier, Alessandra Romero, I.A. Gritsaenko, J. E. Augustin, A. Zaitsev, S. Haider, A. N. Sissakian, Claudia J. Stubenrauch, Eleuterio Spiriti, C. Caso, H. B. Crawley, P. Morettini, Pierre Juillot, B. Koene, A.N. Diddens, D. Loukas, M. Crozon, R. Pain, V. Obraztsov, O. Barring, S. Dagoret, P. Van Dam, Renato Turchetta, C. De La Vaissiere, G. Zhang, Pawel Jalocha, Barry King, R. Frühwirth, J. Timmermans, P. Branchini, G. E. Theodosiou, M.D.M. De Fez Laso, R. Moeller, A. Pinsent, N. Yamdagni, M. T. Trainor, Sandor Czellar, N. Brummer, G. Wormser, Pieter David, W. H. Range, W. Krupinski, S. Maltezos, H. J. Hilke, J. Skeens, G. Stavropoulos, V. Chorowicz, R. Mc Kay, N. I. Zimim, F. Adami, Jürgen H. Werner, Philippe Charpentier, Francisco Matorras, T. B. Skaali, F. J. Harris, A. G. Frodesen, Z. Hajduk, Maciej Górski, A. Hakansson, C. Bosio, E. Vlasov, R. Holmes, Delphi, Collaboration, Abreu, P., Adam, W., and Canale, Vincenzo
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, E+E ANNIHILATION, Meson, LUND MONTE-CARLO, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, JET FRAGMENTATION, Charm quark, Standard Model, law.invention, Nuclear physics, PHYSICS, ENERGY, Pion, D-STAR-MESON, CROSS-SECTION, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Boson, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Physique des particules élémentaires, Física nuclear, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A determination of the partial width Γc̄ of the Z0 boson into charm quark pairs is presented, based on a total sample of 36 900 Z0 hadronic decays measured with the DELPHI detector at the LEP collider. The production rate of cc events is derived from the inclusive analysis of charged pions coming from the decay of charmed meson D*+-→D0π+ and D*-→D̄0π- where the π± is constrained by kinematics to have a low pT with respect to the jet axis. The probability to procedure these π± from D*± decay in cc events is taken to be 0.31±0.05 as measured at √S = 10.55 GeV. The measured relative partial width Γ∞/Γh = 0.162± 0.030(stat.) ± 0.050(syst.) is in good agreement with the standard model value of 0.171. Together with our previous measurement of the total hadronic width Γh this implies Γ∞ = 282 ± 53 (stat.) ± 88 (syst.) MeV., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016

4. Tacrolimus monotherapy in membranous nephropathy: A randomized controlled trial

Author: Praga, M., Barrio, V., Juárez, G. Fernández, Luño, J., and For the GRUPO ESPAÑOL DE ESTUDIO DE LA NEFROPATÍA MEMBRANOSA (Members of the Group listed at the end of the paper)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Creatinine, Proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, business.industry, Urology, membranous nephropathy, Renal function, Spontaneous remission, medicine.disease, Tacrolimus, Surgery, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membranous nephropathy, chemistry, Randomized controlled trial, Nephrology, law, medicine, medicine.symptom, tacrolimus, business, Nephrotic syndrome
Abstract: Membranous nephropathy is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Although some patients with membranous nephropathy achieve a spontaneous remission, renal function continues to deteriorate in others. We conducted a prospective randomized trial evaluating monotherapy with tacrolimus to achieve complete or partial remission in patients with biopsy-proven membranous nephropathy. Twenty-five patients received tacrolimus (0.05mg/kg/day) over 12 months with a 6-month taper, whereas 23 patients were in the control group. The probability of remission in the treatment group was 58, 82, and 94% after 6, 12, and 18 months but only 10, 24, and 35%, respectively in the control group. The decrease in proteinuria was significantly greater in the treatment group. Notably, six patients in the control group and only one in the treatment group reached the secondary end point of a 50% increase in their serum creatinine. No patient in the tacrolimus group showed a relapse during the taper period. Nephrotic syndrome reappeared in almost half of the patients who were in remission by the 18th month after tacrolimus withdrawal. We conclude that tacrolimus is a very useful therapeutic option for patients with membranous nephropathy and preserved renal function. The majority of patients experienced remission with a significant reduction in the risk for deteriorating renal function.
Published: 2007

5. Comparison of the antiinflammatory effects ofDrosera rotundifolia andDrosera madagascariensis in the HET-CAM assay

Author: Liselotte Krenn, Michaela Kremser, Elisabeth Karall, and D. H. Paper
Subjects: Drosera madagascariensis, Drosera, Flavonoid, Chick Embryo, Pharmacognosy, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Allantois, law, Botany, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, biology, Traditional medicine, Plant Extracts, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Plant Components, Aerial, biology.organism_classification, Drosera rotundifolia, chemistry, Polyphenol, Biological Assay, Phytotherapy, Ellagic acid
Abstract: The antiinflammatory effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Drosera rotundifolia and from Drosera madagascariensis were compared in vivo in the HET-CAM assay. Both extracts from D. rotundifolia and the ethanol extract from D. madagascariensis showed remarkable efficacy at doses of 500 microg/pellet. The inhibition of the inflammation by the extracts was stronger than that by 50 microg hydrocortisone/pellet. In contrast, there was only a very weak effect observed at a dose of 500 microg/pellet of the water extract from D. madagascariensis. The chemical analyses of the extracts showed that the effect cannot be attributed to naphthoquinones, but might be due to flavonoids. Ellagic acid obviously plays an important role in the antiangiogenic effect of the Drosera extracts.
Published: 2005

6. Investigation of the Origanum onites L. Essential Oil Using the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay

Author: Fatih Demirci, K. Hüsnü Can Başer, D. H. Paper, Gerhard Franz, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı, Demirci, Fatih, and Başer, K. Hüsnü Can
Subjects: Monoterpene, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Gc-Ms, Cyclohexane Monoterpenes, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Allantois, In vivo, law, Oils, Volatile, Animals, Carvacrol, Food science, Thymol, Essential oil, Chromatography, biology, Chorion, General Chemistry, Origanum onites, Origanum, biology.organism_classification, Origanurn Onites L, Essential Oil, Chorioallantoic membrane, Chorioallantoic Membrane (Cam)-Assay, chemistry, Monoterpenes, Cymenes, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Chickens
Abstract: 3rd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare (WOCMAP-III) -- FEB 03-07, 2003 -- CHIANG MAI, THAILAND, WOS: 000188366300017, PubMed ID: 14733504, The in vivo test on the chorioallantoic membrane of the fertilized hen's egg (CAM assay) is a current method to determine antiangiogenic, antiinflammatory activity and toxic effects of individual compounds or complex plant extracts. The method is used for testing natural compounds in small amounts for revealing various modes of action and the complex mechanisms related to angiogenesis and inflammation. Furthermore, possible side effects Such as membrane irritation, toxic, and anticoagulant properties of the investigated material in question can be detected. For the evaluation, the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Origanum onites L., a common spice and medicinal plant, was tested for its effect in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The essential oil composition was revealed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighty three components were identified, representing 99.1% of the total oil. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene, and gamma-terpinene were found as major components and were also individually tested in the CAM assay. Along with the monoterpenes carvacrol and thymol, their methyl ether derivatives were also examined for comparison of their physiological action. Neither the essential oil nor its components showed any pronounced antiinflammatory or antiangiogenic property in the CAM assay, at 10-250 mug/pellet. However, the irritant effect of the essential oil was linked to thymol in a dose-response fashion, up to 10 mug/pellet, where it was still showing irritation.
Published: 2003

7. A Note on Contemporary Religion in Taiwan: Domestic Architecture

Author: Jordan Paper
Subjects: History, law, Religious studies, Altar, Gender studies, Architecture, Television set, law.invention, Visual arts
Abstract: In traditional Chinese domestic architecture, the central, main room of the home functions as the family temple. In this room, the altar and related furniture is placed against the wall facing the entrance of the room, which opens onto the courtyard. Usually, in small houses, this room was multi-functional, serving as both living and dining rooms; in larger compounds, this room serves as family shrine and formal reception hall. With multistory dwellings, there did not seem to be a standard solution, but the altar tended to be found in the main room, often defined by the room with the television set before multiple household sets became common.
Published: 1996

8. Essential Oil of Betula pendula Roth. Buds

Author: K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Betül Demirci, Fatih Demirci, Gerhard Franz, D. H. Paper, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı, Demirci, Betül, Demirci, Fatih, and Başer, K. Hüsnü Can
Subjects: GC, Chromatography, birch, Chemistry, microdistillation, hydrodistillation, lcsh:Other systems of medicine, Mass spectrometry, lcsh:RZ201-999, essential oil, law.invention, Complementary and alternative medicine, Betula pendula, law, Betulaceae, Original Article, Gas chromatography, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, GC-MS, Essential oil, Germacrene D
Abstract: WOS: 000207179200012, PubMed ID: 15841263, The essential oil of Betula pendula Roth. buds was obtained using both hydrodistillation and microdistillation techniques and their chemical compositions were analyzed using both gas chromatography ( GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, more than 50 compounds were identified representing 80% and 92% for hydrodistillation and microdistillation, respectively. The main components ( by hydrodistillation and microdistillation, respectively) found were alpha-copaene (12% and 10%), germacrene D (11% and 18%) and delta-cadinene (11% and 15%) in the analyzed essential oils. The microdistillation technique proved to be a useful tool and compliant alternative when compared to hydrodistillation.
Published: 2004

9. Changes in Default Alarm Settings and Standard In-Service are Insufficient to Improve Alarm Fatigue in an Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Project

Author: Charles Reed, Azizeh K. Sowan, Albert Tarriela, Bruce Paper, and Tiffany Michelle Gomez
Subjects: Quality management, default alarm settings, Health Informatics, Human Factors and Ergonomics, intensive care unit, in-service, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, ALARM, Patient safety, 0302 clinical medicine, cardiac monitors, nursing, law, 030225 pediatrics, Intensive care, Alarm management, Medicine, survey, Nurse education, alarm fatigue, Original Paper, 030504 nursing, business.industry, Usability, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Medical emergency, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Background: Clinical alarm systems safety is a national concern, specifically in intensive care units (ICUs) where alarm rates are known to be the highest. Interventional projects that examined the effect of changing default alarm settings on overall alarm rate and on clinicians’ attitudes and practices toward clinical alarms and alarm fatigue are scarce. Objective: To examine if (1) a change in default alarm settings of the cardiac monitors and (2) in-service nursing education on cardiac monitor use in an ICU would result in reducing alarm rate and in improving nurses’ attitudes and practices toward clinical alarms. Methods: This quality improvement project took place in a 20-bed transplant/cardiac ICU with a total of 39 nurses. We implemented a unit-wide change of default alarm settings involving 17 parameters of the cardiac monitors. All nurses received an in-service education on monitor use. Alarm data were collected from the audit log of the cardiac monitors 10 weeks before and 10 weeks after the change in monitors’ parameters. Nurses’ attitudes and practices toward clinical alarms were measured using the Healthcare Technology Foundation National Clinical Alarms Survey, pre- and postintervention. Results: Alarm rate was 87.86 alarms/patient day (a total of 64,500 alarms) at the preintervention period compared to 59.18 alarms/patient day (49,319 alarms) postintervention ( P =.01). At baseline, Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP), Pair Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs), and Peripheral Capillary Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) alarms were the highest. ABP and SpO2 alarms remained among the top three at the postproject period. Out of the 39 ICU nurses, 24 (62%) provided complete pre- and postproject survey questionnaires. Compared to the preintervention survey, no remarkable changes in the postproject period were reported in nurses’ attitudes. Themes in the narrative data were related to poor usability of cardiac monitors and the frequent alarms. The data showed great variation among nurses in terms of changing alarm parameters and frequency of replacing patients' electrodes. Despite the in-service, 50% (12/24) of the nurses specified their need for more training on cardiac monitors in the postproject period. Conclusions: Changing default alarm settings and standard in-service education on cardiac monitor use are insufficient to improve alarm systems safety. Alarm management in ICUs is very complex, involving alarm management practices by clinicians, availability of unit policies and procedures, unit layout, complexity and usability of monitoring devices, and adequacy of training on system use. The complexity of the newer monitoring systems requires urgent usability testing and multidimensional interventions to improve alarm systems safety and to attain the Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal on alarm systems safety in critical care units. [JMIR Hum Factors 2016;3(1):e1]
Published: 2016

10. Chemical composition of the essential oil of Phlomis linearis Boiss.Bal., and biological effects on the CAM-assay: a safety evaluation

Author: Mehmet Yaşar Dadandi, D. H. Paper, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, Betül Demirci, Gerhard Franz, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı, Demirci, Betül, and Başer, K. Hüsnü Can
Subjects: Turkey, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, law.invention, Phlomis, Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane, law, Allantois, Botany, Oils, Volatile, Animals, Phlomis Linearis, Cam-Assay, Chemical composition, Phlomis linearis, Essential oil, Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes, biology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Biological activity, Chorion, biology.organism_classification, Essential Oil, Lamiaceae, Cattle, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Hydro distillation, Cam assay, Sesquiterpenes
Abstract: WOS: 000188262800014, PubMed ID: 14713159, Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. of the Lamiaceae family growing in central, east and southeast Anatolia is an endemic species for Turkey. The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts by hydro distillation was subsequently analyzed by GC/MS. The main components of the oil were found as beta-caryophyllene (24.2%), germacrene D (22.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.2%), among 49 identified compounds, representing 94.5% of the total essential oil. The overall biological activity of the essential oil (100 mug/pellet) was tested on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the fertilized hen's egg in order to examine the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. None of the tests showed pronounced activity, toxicity or irritation at the tested concentration.
Published: 2004

11. Use of sulfonated primers to detect and type papillomavirus in cell cultures and cervical biopsies

Author: Michael Friedman, Israel Nur, and Thierry Paper
Subjects: Sexually transmitted disease, Biopsy, Molecular Sequence Data, Cervix Uteri, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Primer dimer, Genetics, Humans, DNA Probes, HPV, Papillomaviridae, Polymerase chain reaction, Electroblotting, Cells, Cultured, Base Sequence, DNA–DNA hybridization, General Medicine, Virology, Molecular biology, Blotting, Southern, Poly C, chemistry, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Recombinant DNA, Female, Primer (molecular biology), Ethidium bromide, Sulfur, Plasmids
Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected by using two sets of deoxyribonucleotide primers for differentiating between 'low-risk' types (HPV11 and HPV6) and 'high-risk' (hri) types (HPV16, HPV18 and HPV33). A new application of the Chemiprobe method for labeling DNA was used to detect products of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 36 cervical biopsies. This method, first demonstrated by Uchimura et al. (submitted), is based on the sulfonation of a polycytidylic acid tail of 5-20 monomers attached to the 5' end of either one or both of the PCR primers. This procedure can increase the sensitivity of detection of PCR products more than 100-fold with respect to ethidium bromide (EtdBr) staining. Various methods were used to detect hri HPV DNA in the 36 clinical samples. The number of positive results obtained was as follows, two by Southern-blot hybridization; five by PCR amplification followed by electrophoresis and detection of products by EtdBr staining; six by PCR amplification using one or two sulfonated C-tailed primers followed by electroblotting and immunoenzymatic visualization; and five by hybridization of sulfonated genomic viral recombinant with a PCR product immobilized on a membrane. The yield of the PCR product was significantly greater when one of the primers was C-tailed than when both or neither of the primers were C-tailed. PCR employing sulfonated C-tailed oligo primers is very specific and sensitive, and the entire procedure can be employed as a nonradioactive substitute for radioactive dot-blot or Southern-blot hybridization procedures, routinely used for detection of HPV in clinical samples.
Published: 1991

12. Age-dependent changes in tolerizability with rabbit gamma-globulin in the Biozzi high and low-responder lines of mice

Author: Katsuji Nakano, Short Papers, Brian H. Sabiston, and Bernhard Cinader
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Lipopolysaccharide, Immunology, Age dependent, Biology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, law.invention, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, law, Internal medicine, Immune Tolerance, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, B cell, Gamma globulin, Low responder, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunization, chemistry, Suppressor, Female, gamma-Globulins
Abstract: The antibody response to rabbit gamma-globulin (RGG) of high-responder, but not of low-responder Biozzi mice decreased with age. Injection with aggregate-freed RGG reduced the response of high-responder but not of low-responder mice to subsequent injections with aggregated RGG. This reduction in the antibody response, formed by high-responder mice, decreased with increasing age; aggregate-freed RGG appeared to sensitize 6-month-old low-responder mice to a subsequent injection with aggregated RGG. When animals, not pretreated with aggregate-freed RGG, were immunized with RGG and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the immune response was greatly enhanced. The response of both pretreated low and high responders was substantially smaller than that of corresponding animals which were not given aggregate-freed RGG, prior to immunization. LPS revealed an inhibitory effect on low-responder mice of aggregate-freed RGG, which was not detected upon immunization with heat-aggregated RGG alone. The involvement of nonspecific suppressor cells and of B cell tolerance in low-responder mice is discussed.
Published: 1979

13. What Organizations and Industry Should Do

Author: Keynote Paper
Subjects: History, Law, Trade union, Pharmacopoeia, law.invention
Abstract: Santayana tells us that those who cannot remember history are condemned to repeat it. Disraeli defined the practical man as one who can be counted on to repeat the errors of his ancestors. But for this moment in time there is no history or precedent, and we have no handbooks, charts, or maps; nor have we any pharmacopoeia, or vaccine for the world epidemic of which we see the initial symptoms.
Published: 1972

14. Comparing the Difficulty of Factorization and Discrete Logarithm: A 240-Digit Experiment

Author: Pierrick Gaudry, Emmanuel Thomé, Fabrice Boudot, Aurore Guillevic, Nadia Heninger, Paul Zimmermann, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cryptology, arithmetic : algebraic methods for better algorithms (CARAMBA), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), This work was possible thanks to a 32M-hour allocation on the Juwels super-computer from the PRACE research infrastructure.Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid'5000 testbed, supported by a scientific interest group hosted by Inria and including CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other organizations (see https://www.grid5000.fr).This work was supported by the French 'Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche', by the 'Conseil Régional de Lorraine', by theEuropean Union, through the 'Cyber-Entreprises' project, and by the US National Science Foundation under grant no. 1651344.High Performance Computing resources were partially provided by the EXPLOR centre hosted by the University de Lorraine.Computations carried out at the University of Pennsylvania were performed on Cisco UCS servers donated by Cisco., Daniele Micciancio, Thomas Ristenpart, Grid5000, University of California, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was possible thanks to a 32M-hour allocation on the Juwels super-computer from the PRACE research infrastructure.Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid'5000 testbed, supported by a scientific interest group hosted by Inria and including CNRS, RENATER and several Universities as well as other organizations (see https://www.grid5000.fr).This work was supported by the French ``Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche', by the ``Conseil Régional de Lorraine', by theEuropean Union, through the ``Cyber-Entreprises' project, and by the US National Science Foundation under grant no.~1651344.High Performance Computing resources were partially provided by the EXPLOR centre hosted by the University de Lorraine.Computations carried out at the University of Pennsylvania were performed on Cisco UCS servers donated by Cisco., and Daniele Micciancio, Thomas Ristenpart
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer science, discrete logarithm, Computation, number field sieve, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, General number field sieve, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Software, cryptanalysis, Factorization, law, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, Arithmetic, factoring, business.industry, Numerical digit, Factoring, Discrete logarithm, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Cryptanalysis, business, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
Abstract: International audience; We report on two new records: the factorization of RSA-240, a 795-bit number, and a discrete logarithm computation over a 795-bit prime field. Previous records were the factorization of RSA-768 in 2009 and a 768-bit discrete logarithm computation in 2016. Our two computations at the 795-bit level were done using the same hardware and software, and show that computing a discrete logarithm is not much harder than a factorization of the same size. Moreover, thanks to algorithmic variants and well-chosen parameters, our computations were significantly less expensive than anticipated based on previous records.The last page of this paper also reports on the factorization of RSA-250.
Published: 2020

15. Folding a focalized acoustical vortex on a flat holographic transducer: Miniaturized selective acoustical tweezers

Author: Olivier Bou Matar, Michael Baudoin, Antoine Riaud, Jean Louis Thomas, J.-C. Gerbedoen, Nikolay Smagin, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Acoustique Impulsionnelle & Magnéto-Acoustique Non linéaire - Fluides, Interfaces Liquides & Micro-Systèmes - IEMN (AIMAN-FILMS - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Puissance - IEMN (PUISSANCE - IEMN), Fudan University [Shanghai], State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Transduction, Propagation et Imagerie Acoustique - IEMN (TPIA - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - Département Opto-Acousto-Électronique - UMR 8520 (IEMN-DOAE), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Acoustique pour les nanosciences (INSP-E3), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AcknowledgmentsWe acknowledge the platform 'WaveSurf' from Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France for performing the measurements with the laser interferometer. We also acknowledge A. Vlandas for critical reading of the manuscript and valuable advices that helped us improve its overall quality. Funding: This work was supported by SATT Nord. Author contributions: M.B., A.R., and J.-L.T. designed the research. M.B. and J.-C.G. built the setup and performed the experiments. M.B. and A.R. performed the numerical simulations. O.B.M., J.-C.G., and N.S. performed the field measurements with the interferometer. M.B., O.B.M., A.R., and J.-L.T. analyzed and interpreted the results. M.B., O.B.M., J.-C.G., A.R., and J.-L.T. wrote the paper. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. Competing interests: J.-L.T., O.B.M., A.R., and M.B. are inventors on a patent application related to this work filed with the European Patent Office (application no. EP17198204.4, submitted 25 October 2017). All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors., RENATECH, Baudoin, Michael, Médecine Personnalisée, Pharmacogénomique, Optimisation Thérapeutique (MEPPOT - U1147), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Acoustique Impulsionnelle & Magnéto-Acoustique Non linéaire - Fluides, Interfaces Liquides & Micro-Systèmes - IEMN (AIMAN-FILMS-IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France)-Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 ( IEMN ), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis ( UVHC ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris ( INSP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CLASS-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Classical Physics [physics.class-ph], Materials science, Acoustics, Microfluidics, Holography, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Classical Physics, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Engineering, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CLASS-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Classical Physics [physics.class-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Tweezers, Miniaturization, Piezoelectric substrate, 010306 general physics, Research Articles, [ PHYS.MECA.ACOU ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Applied Physics, Multidisciplinary, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), SciAdv r-articles, Classical Physics (physics.class-ph), Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Vortex, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Folding (chemistry), Transducer, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CLASS-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Classical Physics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.ACOU] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], 0210 nano-technology, Research Article
Abstract: Selective manipulation of micrometric objects in a standard microscopy environment is possible with miniaturized acoustical tweezers., Acoustical tweezers based on focalized acoustical vortices hold the promise of precise contactless manipulation of millimeter down to submicrometer particles, microorganisms, and cells with unprecedented combined selectivity and trapping force. Yet, the widespread dissemination of this technology has been hindered by severe limitations of current systems in terms of performance and/or miniaturization and integrability. Here, we unleash the potential of focalized acoustical vortices by developing the first flat, compact, paired single electrode focalized acoustical tweezers. These tweezers rely on spiraling transducers obtained by folding a spherical acoustical vortex on a flat piezoelectric substrate. We demonstrate the ability of these tweezers to grab and displace micrometric objects in a standard microfluidic environment with unique selectivity. The simplicity of this system and its scalability to higher frequencies open tremendous perspectives in microbiology, microrobotics, and microscopy.
Published: 2019

16. Distance-Aware Relay Selection in an Energy-Efficient Discovery Protocol for 5G D2D Communication

Author: Nadège Varsier, Cesar Vargas Anamuro, Jean Schwoerer, Xavier Lagrange, Advanced technologies for operated networks (ADOPNET), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, Orange Labs [Meylan], Orange Labs, Département Systèmes Réseaux, Cybersécurité et Droit du numérique (IMT Atlantique - SRCD), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), This paper is part of and thereby supported by the Horizon 2020 project ONE5G (ICT-760809) receiving funds from the European Union., European Project: ICT-760809,ONE5G(2017), Université de Rennes (UR)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Computer science, stochastic geometry, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-MC]Computer Science [cs]/Mobile Computing, Base station, Relay, law, Telecommunications link, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Path loss, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, energy-efficient, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Energy consumption, relay selection, Computer Science Applications, User equipment, D2D relaying, Cellular network, mMTC, business, Efficient energy use, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; Massive machine-type communications (mMTC) is one of the main services delivered by the fifth Generation (5G) mobile network. The traditional cellular architecture where all devices connect to the base station is not energy efficient. For this reason, the use of device-to-device (D2D) communications is considered to reduce the energy consumption of mMTC devices. The main idea is to use nearby user equipment (UE) as a relay and establish with it D2D communication. However, the relay selection process also consumes energy, and this consumption can be significant compared to the energy consumed during the data transmission phase. In this paper, we propose a distributed energy-efficient D2D relaying mechanism for mMTC applications. This mechanism favors the selection of the UEs with low path loss with the mMTC device. Through mathematical analysis and simulations, we show that our mechanism allows a reduction of the total energy consumption of mMTC devices (up to 75% compared to direct transmission) when they have an unfavorable link budget. Moreover, our mechanism achieves almost constant energy consumption for a large range of UE densities and distances between the mMTC device and the base station.
Published: 2021

17. More efficient periodic traversal in anonymous undirected graphs

Author: Kunihiko Sadakane, Ioannis Lignos, Leszek Gsieniec, Ralf Klasing, Jesper Jansson, Stefan Dobrev, Russell Martin, David Ilcinkas, Wing-Kin Sung, Jurek Czyzowicz, Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Institute of Mathematics, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Department of Computer Science [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ochanomizu University, Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Principles of Informatics Research Division, National Institute of Informatics (NII), National University of Singapore (NUS), See paper for details, ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), INRIA Futurs, See paper for details., ANR-05-MMSA-0006,ALPAGE,ALgorithmique des Plates-formes A Grande Echelle(2005), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, General Computer Science, Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM), [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Comparability graph, Constant-memory agent, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Strength of a graph, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], 01 natural sciences, Upper and lower bounds, law.invention, Theoretical Computer Science, Combinatorics, Graph exploration, law, Graph power, Line graph, Graph traversal, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Algorithms and data structures, Oblivious agent, Undirected graph, Mathematics, Discrete mathematics, Mobile entity, Voltage graph, Three-layer partition, Butterfly graph, Periodic graph traversal, Tree traversal, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Periodic graph (geometry), [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Null graph, Span tree, Period length, Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics, Computer Science(all)
Abstract: International audience; We consider the problem of periodic graph exploration in which a mobile entity with constant memory, an agent, has to visit all n nodes of an input simple, connected, undirected graph in a periodic manner. Graphs are assumed to be anonymous, that is, nodes are unlabeled. While visiting a node, the agent may distinguish between the edges incident to it; for each node v, the endpoints of the edges incident to v are uniquely identified by different integer labels called port numbers. We are interested in algorithms for assigning the port numbers together with traversal algorithms for agents using these port numbers to obtain short traversal periods. Periodic graph exploration is unsolvable if the port numbers are set arbitrarily; see Budach (1978) [1]. However, surprisingly small periods can be achieved by carefully assigning the port numbers. Dobrev et al. (2005) [4] described an algorithm for assigning port numbers and an oblivious agent (i.e., an agent with no memory) using it, such that the agent explores any graph with n nodes within the period 10n. When the agent has access to a constant number of memory bits, the optimal length of the period was proved in Gąsieniec et al. (2008) [7] to be no more than 3.75n−2 (using a different assignment of the port numbers and a different traversal algorithm). In this paper, we improve both these bounds. More precisely, we show how to achieve a period length of at most for oblivious agents and a period length of at most 3.5n−2 for agents with constant memory. To obtain our results, we introduce a new, fast graph decomposition technique called a three-layer partition that may also be useful for solving other graph problems in the future. Finally, we present the first non-trivial lower bound, 2.8n−2, on the period length for the oblivious case.
Published: 2012

18. Some analytical solutions for validation of free surface flow computational codes

Author: Bernard Di Martino, Fabien Souillé, Jacques Sainte-Marie, Marie-Odile Bristeau, Anne Mangeney, Numerical Analysis, Geophysics and Ecology (ANGE), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), The work presented in this paper was supported in part by the ANR Mimosa (ANR-14-CE01-0012) and ERC contract ERC-CG-2013-PE10-617472 SLIDEQUAKES. The authors also acknowledge the Inria Project Lab 'Algae in Silico' for its financial support., ANR-14-CE01-0012,MIMOSA,Analyse, modélisation et utilisation du bruit sismique large bande: des microséismes aux oscillations libres de la terre(2014), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Analytical solutions, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Free surface Euler equations, symbols.namesake, law, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Boundary value problem, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0101 mathematics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Mathematics, Computer simulation, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the fluids [physics.class-ph], Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics, Euler system, Condensed Matter Physics, River dynamics, Euler equations, 010101 applied mathematics, Flow (mathematics), Mechanics of Materials, Free surface, symbols, Compressibility, Hydrostatic equilibrium
Abstract: We present several time dependent analytical solutions for the incompressible Euler system with free surface. These analytical solutions give quantitative descriptions of some physical phenomena and can be used as reference solutions when validating numerical simulation codes. They concern fluid flows governed by Euler equations with or withouthydrostatic hypothesis including wet/dry interface, variable density, wide variety of boundary conditions and possibly non-uniform bottom topographies. Some of these analytical solutions concern shallow water type models or free surface Navier-Stokes model i.e. with a viscous fluid.
Published: 2021

19. Protocol for a randomized pilot study (FIRST STEPS): implementation of the Incredible Years-ASLD® program in Spanish children with autism and preterm children with communication and/or socialization difficulties

Author: Fátima Valencia, Inmaculada Navas, Maria Elias, Laia Villalta, Marina Romero-González, Almudena Ramírez, Alexandra Garriz, Elena Urbiola, [Valencia,F, Urbiola,E, Garriz,A] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. [Romero-González,M, Navas,I, Ramírez,A] Maternity Hospital, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Romero-González,M, Ramírez,A] Department of Brain Health, CIMES, Faculty of Medicine-IBIMA, UMA, Málaga, Spain. [Elías,M, Villalta,L] Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. [Villalta,L] Children and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain., and This paper reports on independent research financially supported by the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation.
Subjects: Parents, Medicine (General), Information Science::Information Science::Communication [Medical Subject Headings], Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology, Social::Family::Family Relations::Parenting [Medical Subject Headings], Psychological intervention, Medicine (miscellaneous), Pilot Projects, law.invention, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Study Protocol, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Clinical Trials as Topic::Multicenter Studies as Topic [Medical Subject Headings], law, Autistic children, Medicine, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Pharmacology (medical), Child, Child development, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Clinical Trials as Topic::Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic::Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic [Medical Subject Headings], Parenting, Communication, 05 social sciences, Pilot, Autism spectrum disorder, Child, Preschool, Premature Birth, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Parenting intervention, Pilotos, Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood::Child Development Disorders, Pervasive::Autistic Disorder [Medical Subject Headings], ASD, Desarrollo infantil, 03 medical and health sciences, R5-920, Complex intervention, Intervention (counseling), Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child [Medical Subject Headings], Autistic Disorder, Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings], Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Pilot Projects [Medical Subject Headings], Infants autistes, business.industry, Public health, Trastorno del espectro del autismo, Socialization, medicine.disease, Mental health, Responsabilidad parental, Desenvolupament infantil, Preterm children, Spain, randomized controlled trial, Autism, Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena::Social Sciences::Sociology::Socialization [Medical Subject Headings], Diseases::Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications::Pregnancy Complications::Obstetric Labor Complications::Obstetric Labor, Premature::Premature Birth [Medical Subject Headings], business, Persons::Persons::Parents [Medical Subject Headings], Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Child::Child, Preschool [Medical Subject Headings], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Nacimiento prematuro
Abstract: Abstract Having access to parenting interventions in the early years is key to improve the developmental outcomes of children with neurodevelopmental problems. The Incredible Years® (IY) Parent Program is a group intervention that has demonstrated efficacy in terms of reducing stress in parents, as well as improving behavioral, emotional, and social outcomes in children. The program has been recently adapted for families of children with autism or language delays (IY-ASLD®). This intervention has not yet been implemented in the Spanish Public Health System, where there is a scarcity of evidence-based interventions being offered to families with young children presenting neurodevelopmental problems. The main aims of this study are to determine the feasibility of implementing the IY-ASLD® program within Spanish Child Mental Health Services and to examine parents’ acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. As a secondary objective, we aim to evaluate its preliminary effectiveness in terms of reducing parental stress and behavioral difficulties in their children. The FIRST STEPS study is a multicenter, pilot randomized controlled trial comparing the IY-ASLD® program with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) condition. Approximately 70 families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and preterm children with communication and/or socialization difficulties (aged 2–5 years) will be recruited. Families will be assessed prior to randomization and after the intervention. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the intervention will consist of 22 weekly online sessions (approximately 6 months). The FIRST STEPS pilot trial will demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of reliably implementing the IY-ASLD® program within the Spanish Public Health System. The results of this study could represent the first step to inform policymakers in Spain when designing evidence-based healthcare pathways for families of children presenting ASD symptoms or neurodevelopmental difficulties at early stages. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04358484. Registered on 04 April 2020
Published: 2021

20. Scalable Modeling of Transient Self-Heating of GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors Based on Experimental Measurements

Author: Ali Soltani, Meriem Bouchilaoun, Samuel Graham, Georges Pavlidis, Hassan Maher, Christophe Rodriguez, Adrien Cutivet, Bilal Hassan, Francois Boone, Laboratoire Nanotechnologies Nanosystèmes (LN2 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Interdisciplinaire d'Innovation Technologique [Sherbrooke] (3IT), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Puissance - IEMN (PUISSANCE - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), OMMIC, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Optoélectronique - IEMN (OPTO - IEMN), and This work was supported in part by the Fonds quèbècois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FRQNT) and in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The review of this paper was arranged by Editor R. Venkatasubramanian
Subjects: Materials science, Thermal resistance, Gallium nitride, High-electron-mobility transistor, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry.chemical_compound, gate resistance thermometry (GRT), law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, high-electron-mobilitytransistors (HEMTs), business.industry, Transistor, modeling, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Gallium nitride (GaN), Logic gate, Optoelectronics, thermoreflectance, Transient (oscillation), business, transient temperature measurement
Abstract: International audience; Abstract:This paper details an extraction procedure to fully model the transient self-heating of transistors from a GaN HEMT technology. Frequency-resolved gate resistance thermometry (f-GRT) is used to extract the thermal impedance of HEMTs with various gate widths. A fully scalable analytical model is developed from the experimental results. In the second stage, transient thermoreflectance imaging (TTI) is used to bring deeper insights into the HEMTs' temperature distribution by individually extracting the transient self-heating of each finger. TTI results are further used to successfully validate the f-GRT results and the modeling of the thermal impedance. Overall, f-GRT is demonstrated to be a fast and robust method for characterizing the transient thermal characteristics of a GaN HEMT. For the first time to the authors' knowledge, a scalable model of the thermal impedance is extracted fully from experimental results.
Published: 2019

21. A dedicated robust instrument for water vapor generation at low humidity for use with a laser water isotope analyzer in cold and dry polar regions

Author: C. Leroy-Dos Santos, M. Casado, F. Prié, O. Jossoud, E. Kerstel, M. Farradèche, S. Kassi, E. Fourré, A. Landais, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor, IPEV: 1110, 1205 Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation: 2487, Financial support. This research has been supported by the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation: 2487, Acknowledgements. The development presented in this paper was largely inspired by the initial PhD work of Janek Landsberg, which we gratefully acknowledge here. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation 'ANTARCTIC-SNOW' program, the ANR 'EAIIST' project and the ADELISE 'CNRS-LEFE' program. The deployment of this instrument in the field was made possible by the logistic support from the 'NIVO2' and ADELISE 'IPEV' programs. We thank the two reviewers for their useful comments which greatly improved the article., ANR-16-CE01-0011,EAIIST,Projet International d'exploration de la calotte polaire de l'Antarctique de l'Est(2016), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Spectrum analyzer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, lcsh:TA715-787, 010401 analytical chemistry, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Humidity, Atmospheric sciences, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, law, Environmental science, Polar, Precipitation, lcsh:TA170-171, Spectroscopy, Water vapor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Obtaining precise continuous measurements of water vapor isotopic composition in dry places (polar or high-altitude regions) is an important challenge. The current limitation is the strong influence of humidity on the measured water isotopic composition by laser spectroscopy instruments for low humidity levels (below 3000 ppmv). This problem is addressed by determining the relationships between humidity and measured δ18O and δD of known water standards. Here, we present the development of a robust field instrument able to generate water vapor, down to 70 ppmv, at very stable humidity levels (average 1σ lower than 10 ppmv). This instrument, operated by a Raspberry interface, can be coupled to a commercial laser spectroscopy instrument. We checked the stability of the system as well as its accuracy when expressing the measured isotopic composition of water vapor on the VSMOW–SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water – Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale. It proved to be highly stable during autonomous operation over more than 1 year at the East Antarctic Concordia and Dumont d'Urville stations.
Published: 2021

22. Metadata standards and practical guidelines for specimen and DNA curation when building barcode reference libraries for aquatic life

Author: Magali Schweizer, Frederik Leliaert, Jan Pawlowski, Rodolphe Rougerie, Frédéric Rimet, Torbjørn Ekrem, Alexis Canino, Teofana Chonova, David G. Mann, Agnès Bouchez, Régis Lionel Vivien, Christian Chauvin, Chloé Goulon, Valentin Vasselon, Romain Gastineau, Rosa Trobajo, Christophe Laplace-Treyture, Jonas Zimmermann, Eva Aylagas, Wolf-Henning Kusber, Andrzej Witkowski, Vona Méléder, Frédéric Marchand, Sinziana F. Rivera, Maria Kahlert, Muriel Gugger, Filipe O. Costa, Maria Holzmann, Benoît J.D. Ferrari, Serena Rasconi, Alexander M. Weigand, Regine Jahn, Fedor Čiampor, Florian Leese, Ángel Borja, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), King Abdulaziz University, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Universidade do Minho, Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Center), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Technical university of Szczecin, Collection des Cyanobactéries, Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Geneva [Switzerland], Freie Universität Berlin, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Universitat Duisberg-Essen, Botanic Garden Meise, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology [Sant Carles de la Ràpita] (IRTA), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Unité Expérimentale d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie Aquatique - U3E (Rennes, France) (U3E ), Université de Nantes (UN), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), ID-Gene ecodiagnostics [Geneva], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SCIMABIO Interface SAS, Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), This paper was written under COST Action DNAqua-Net. The European COST Action DNAqua-Net (CA 15219 collaborative network which gathers several hundreds of scientists and water managers, with the objective of developing new genetic tools for bioassessment and monitoring of aquatic ecosystems (Leese et al. 2016)., European Project, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin (ZUT), Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga], Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Producció Animal, and Aigües Marines i Continentals
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ciências Biológicas [Ciências Naturais], computer.software_genre, Barcode, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, law.invention, law, QH540-549.5, aquatic organisms, media_common, Database, Ecology, Quality, Voucher, Identification (information), Aquatic organisms, quality, Biologie, Traceability, media_common.quotation_subject, reference library, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia do Ambiente, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics (medical genetics to be 30107 and agricultural genetics to be 40402), Genetics, Quality (business), Relevance (information retrieval), 14. Life underwater, Molecular Biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Engenharia do Ambiente [Engenharia e Tecnologia], Metadata, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas, metadata, barcode, Reference library, DNA, 030104 developmental biology, traceability, Animal Science and Zoology, computer
Abstract: DNA barcoding and metabarcoding is increasingly used to effectively and precisely assess and monitor biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. As these methods rely on data availability and quality of barcode reference libraries, it is important to develop and follow best practices to ensure optimal quality and traceability of the metadata associated with the reference barcodes used for identification. Sufficient metadata, as well as vouchers, corresponding to each reference barcode must be available to ensure reliable barcode library curation and, thereby, provide trustworthy baselines for downstream molecular species identification. This document (1) specifies the data and metadata required to ensure the relevance, the accessibility and traceability of DNA barcodes and (2) specifies the recommendations for DNA harvesting and for the storage of both voucher specimens/samples and barcode data, (undefined)
Published: 2021

23. A Spectral Approach to Uncertainty Quantification in Water Distribution Networks

Author: Olivier Piller, Iraj Mortazavi, M. Braun, Angelo Iollo, Environnement, territoires et infrastructures (UR ETBX), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modeling Enablers for Multi-PHysics and InteractionS (MEMPHIS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre d'enseignement Cnam Paris (CNAM Paris), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), The work presented in the paper is part of the French-German collaborative research project ResiWater that is funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR, project: ANR-14-PICS-0003) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, project: BMBF-13N13690), ANR-14-PICS-0003,ResiWater,Outils, modèles et réseaux sécurisés et innovants de capteurs pour une résilience augmentée des infrastructures liées à l'eau(2014), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Spectral approach, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Distribution networks, Hydraulics, Computer science, Geography, Planning and Development, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, modelling, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], INCERTITUDE, Computer Science::Systems and Control, law, Mathematics::Metric Geometry, Statistical physics, RESEAU DE DISTRIBUTION D'EAU, Uncertainty quantification, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 020701 environmental engineering, water distribution system, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, statistical uncertainty, Réseau de distribution d'eau, MODELISATION, 6. Clean water, Modélisation, SIMULATION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]GEUSI [ADD1_IRSTEA]Gestion intégrée de la ressource et des infrastructures; International audience; To date, the hydraulics of water distribution networks are calculated using deterministic models. Because many of the parameters in these models are not known exactly, it is important to evaluate the effects of their uncertainties on the results through uncertainty analysis. For the propagation of uncertain parameters, this article for the first time applies the polynomial chaos expansion to a hydraulic model and compares the results with those from classical approaches like the first-order second-moment method and Monte Carlo simulations. Results presented in this article show that the accuracy of the polynomial chaos expansion is on the same level as the Monte Carlo simulation. Further, it is concluded that due to its computational efficiency, polynomial chaos expansion is superior to the Monte Carlo simulation.
Published: 2020

24. Efficacy, cost-utility and physiological effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) in patients with chronic low back pain and depression: study protocol of a randomised, controlled trial including mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment (IMPACT study)

Author: Carlos Suso-Ribera, Francesco D'Amico, Antonio Cuesta-Vargas, Juan P. Sanabria-Mazo, Antoni Sanz, Juan R. Castaño-Asins, Pere Estivill-Rodríguez, Paula Cristóbal-Narváez, Albert Feliu-Soler, Adrián Pérez-Aranda, Grasa Mm, Antonio Montes-Pérez, Azucena García-Palacios, Lance M. McCracken, Carlos G. Forero, Michael Maes, Araceli Rosa, Xavier Borrás, Juan V. Luciano, Ariadna Colomer-Carbonell, Bernat Carreras-Marcos, Laura Andrés-Rodríguez, Silvia Edo, Olga Comps-Vicente, Montserrat Esteve, This study has been funded by the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII, and PI19/00112 & PI16/00165 have been cofinanced with European Union ERDF funds). JVL has a 'Miguel Servet Type II' contract from the ISCIII (CPII19/00003). ISCIII did not have any role in the analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
Subjects: Technology, General Practice, lcsh:Medicine, Impact study, Chronic pain, R Medicine (General), Acceptance and commitment therapy, law.invention, Clinical trials, Randomized controlled trial, Terapia de aceptación y compromiso, law, Depresión, Tratamiento breve de activación conductual para la depresión, Dolor persistente, Persistent pain, Medicine, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Depressió psíquica, Depression (differential diagnoses), Applied Psychology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Ecology, Depression, Teràpia racional emotiva conductual, General Medicine, Dolor crònic, Chronic low back pain, Mental depression, Rational emotive behavior therapy, BF Psychology, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Clinical trials, Depression & mood disorders, pain management, Brief behavioral activation treatment for depression, 159.9, Health Economics, Dolor lumbar crónico, Humans, Tractament breu d’activació conductual per a la depressió, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Protocol (science), Dolor lumbar crònic, business.industry, lcsh:R, Teràpia d’acceptació i compromís, Dolor persistent, Tillämpad psykologi, Pain management, Clinical trial, Allmänmedicin, pain management, Spain, Depression & mood disorders, Economic evaluation, Depressió, business, Low Back Pain
Abstract: IntroductionThe IMPACT study focuses on chronic low back pain (CLBP) and depression symptoms, a prevalent and complex problem that represents a challenge for health professionals. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Brief Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD) are effective treatments for patients with persistent pain and depression, respectively. The objectives of this 12 month, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) are (i) to examine the efficacy and cost-utility of adding a group-based form of ACT or BATD to treatment-as-usual (TAU) for patients with CLBP and moderate to severe levels of depressive symptoms; (ii) identify pre–post differences in levels of some physiological variables and (iii) analyse the role of polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene, psychological process measures and physiological variables as mediators or moderators of long-term clinical changes.Methods and analysisParticipants will be 225 patients with CLBP and moderate to severe depression symptoms recruited at Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain) and Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain), randomly allocated to one of the three study arms: TAU vs TAU+ACT versus TAU+BATD. A comprehensive assessment to collect clinical variables and costs will be conducted pretreatment, post-treatment and at 12 months follow-up, being pain interference the primary outcome measure. The following physiological variables will be considered at pretreatment and post-treatment assessments in 50% of the sample: immune-inflammatory markers, hair cortisol and cortisone, serum cortisol, corticosteroid-binding globulin and vitamin D. Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, rs9470080 and rs4713916) will be analysed at baseline assessment. Moreover, we will include mobile-technology-based ecological momentary assessment, through the Pain Monitor app, to track ongoing clinical status during ACT and BATD treatments. Linear mixed-effects models using restricted maximum likelihood, and a full economic evaluation applying bootstrapping techniques, acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses will be computed.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital del Mar. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and various community engagement activities.Trial registration numberNCT04140838
Published: 2020

25. Computing AES related-key differential characteristics with constraint programming

Author: Christine Solnon, Marine Minier, David Gerault, Pascal Lafourcade, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Cryptology, arithmetic : algebraic methods for better algorithms (CARAMBA), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geometry Processing and Constrained Optimization (M2DisCo), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), This research was conducted with the support of the FEDER program of 2014-2020, the region council of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, the GDR-IA, and the ANR (DeCrypt ANR-18-CE39-0007). We thank the reviewers for their comments that helped us improving the paper, Jérémie Detrey for implementing the C code that checks the completeness of the sets xorEq_l, Charles Prud’homme and Jean-Guillaume Fages for their technical support on the use of Choco, and Neng-Fa Zhou for his technical support on the use of Picat., ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), ANR-18-CE39-0007,DeCrypt,Langage Déclaratif pour la cryptographie symétrique(2018), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, Differential cryptanalysis, Theoretical computer science, Optimization problem, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Encryption, Language and Linguistics, law.invention, Constraint Programming, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Artificial Intelligence, law, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Constraint programming, Block cipher, AES, business.industry, Advanced Encryption Standard, Key (cryptography), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Cryptanalysis, business
Abstract: International audience; Cryptanalysis aims at testing the properties of encryption processes, and this usually implies solving hard optimization problems. In this paper, we focus on related-key differential attacks for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which is the encryption standard for block ciphers. To mount these attacks, cryptanalysts need to solve the optimal related-key differential characteristic problem. Dedicated approaches do not scale well for this problem, and need weeks to solve its hardest instances. In this paper, we improve existing Constraint Programming (CP) approaches for computing optimal related-key differential characteristics: we add new constraints that detect inconsistencies sooner, and we introduce a new decomposition of the problem in two steps. These improvements allow us to compute all optimal related-key differential characteristics for AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256 in a few hours.
Published: 2020

26. Potential of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit yellow fever virus in urban areas in Central Africa

Author: Basile Kamgang, Aurelie P. Yougang, Theodel A. Wilson-Bahun, Armel N. Tedjou, Charles S. Wondji, Laurence Mousson, Anna-Bella Failloux, Marie Vazeille, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases [Yaoundé] (CRID), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université de Yaoundé I, University Marien Ngouabi of Brazzaville (umng), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), This study was supported by a Wellcome Trust Training Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine [grant number 204862/Z/16/Z] awarded to BK., We would like to thank the populations of different collection sites for their collaboration during the field works. BK, CSW and ABF designed the experiments. BK performed the research. MV and LM provided a technical help. ANT, APY, TAWB helped in mosquito collections, BK, CSW and ABF wrote the paper with contribution from all other authors., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Aedes albopictus, Epidemiology, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, wa_395, Mosquito Vectors, Aedes aegypti, Microbiology, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Aedes, law, Virology, Yellow Fever, Drug Discovery, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, qx_525, Africa, Central, Socioeconomics, yellow fever virus, vector competence, Central Africa, biology, Public health, Yellow fever, Outbreak, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, wc_530, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Transmission (mechanics), Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Yellow Fever (YF) remains a major public health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, despite the availability of an effective vaccine. In Africa, most YF outbreaks are reported in West Africa. However, urban outbreaks occurred in 2016 in both Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and imported cases were reported in Chinese workers coming back from Africa. In Central Africa, Cameroon and the Republic of Congo host a high proportion of non-vaccinated populations increasing the risk of urban outbreaks. The main vector is Aedes aegypti and possibly, Aedes albopictus, both being anthropophilic and domestic mosquitoes. Here, we provide evidence that both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Cameroon and the Republic of Congo are able to transmit Yellow fever virus (YFV) with higher rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission for Ae. aegypti. We conclude that the potential of both Aedes species to transmit YFV could increase the risk of urban YF transmission and urge public health authorities to intensify their efforts to control domestic vectors, and extend vaccine coverage to prevent major YFV outbreak.
Published: 2019

27. Quantifying model evidence for yellow fever transmission routes in Africa

Author: Katy A. M. Gaythorpe, Laurence Cibrelus, Tini Garske, Kévin Jean, Imperial College London, Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Funding:This work was carried out as part of the Vaccine Impact Modelling Consortium (www.vaccineimpact.org),but the views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Consortium or its funders.The funders were given the opportunity to review this paper prior to publication,but the final decision on the content of the publication was taken by the authors.We acknowledge joint Centre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and Department for International Development. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation (OPP1117543,OPP1157270 http://www.gatesfoundation.org/)and from the Medical Research Council (MR/R015600/1https://mrc.ukri.org/)., HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Epidemiology, Force of infection, Statics, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, law.invention, Geographical Locations, Bayes' theorem, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Aedes, Statistics, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, Biology (General), Ecology, Physics, Yellow fever, Linear model, Classical Mechanics, Vaccination and Immunization, Geography, Transmission (mechanics), Infectious Diseases, Serology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, INFECTIONS, Modeling and Simulation, Physical Sciences, Yellow fever virus, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article, Generalized linear model, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, QH301-705.5, Immunology, Bayesian inference, Models, Biological, Biochemical Research Methods, BAYESIAN MODEL, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Yellow Fever, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, 01 Mathematical Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Estimation, Science & Technology, Models, Statistical, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Bayes Theorem, 06 Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, People and Places, Africa, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Mathematical & Computational Biology, 08 Information and Computing Sciences, Preventive Medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Yellow fever is a vector-borne disease endemic in tropical regions of Africa, where 90% of the global burden occurs, and Latin America. It is notoriously under-reported with uncertainty arising from a complex transmission cycle including a sylvatic reservoir and non-specific symptom set. Resulting estimates of burden, particularly in Africa, are highly uncertain. We examine two established models of yellow fever transmission within a Bayesian model averaging framework in order to assess the relative evidence for each model’s assumptions and to highlight possible data gaps. Our models assume contrasting scenarios of the yellow fever transmission cycle in Africa. The first takes the force of infection in each province to be static across the observation period; this is synonymous with a constant infection pressure from the sylvatic reservoir. The second model assumes the majority of transmission results from the urban cycle; in this case, the force of infection is dynamic and defined through a fixed value of R0 in each province. Both models are coupled to a generalised linear model of yellow fever occurrence which uses environmental covariates to allow us to estimate transmission intensity in areas where data is sparse. We compare these contrasting descriptions of transmission through a Bayesian framework and trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling in order to assess each model’s evidence given the range of uncertainty in parameter values. The resulting estimates allow us to produce Bayesian model averaged predictions of yellow fever burden across the African endemic region. We find strong support for the static force of infection model which suggests a higher proportion of yellow fever transmission occurs as a result of infection from an external source such as the sylvatic reservoir. However, the model comparison highlights key data gaps in serological surveys across the African endemic region. As such, conclusions concerning the most prevalent transmission routes for yellow fever will be limited by the sparsity of data which is particularly evident in the areas with highest predicted transmission intensity. Our model and estimation approach provides a robust framework for model comparison and predicting yellow fever burden in Africa. However, key data gaps increase uncertainty surrounding estimates of model parameters and evidence. As more mathematical models are developed to address new research questions, it is increasingly important to compare them with established modelling approaches to highlight uncertainty in structures and data., Author summary Yellow fever (YF) is notoriously under reported due to non-specific symptom spectrum and the true burden is highly uncertain as a result of a complex transmission cycle. As such, estimates surrounding YF burden are highly uncertain and the mechanisms behind transmission are often unclear. We assess these mechanisms and the resulting uncertainty by estimating two existing models of YF transmission within a product space framework. This allows us to produce updated estimates of transmission intensity and to compare the relative support for each model given the data. We find strong support for a model assuming a static force of infection, approximating the constant infection pressure from the sylvatic reservoir of YF. We also highlight areas where data is sparse, often the same areas estimated to have especially high transmission intensity. This is the first robust multi-model approach to applied YF modelling and provides a framework that could be extended to other disease models.
Published: 2019

28. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for evaluating the efficacy of intracoronary injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in the improvement of the ventricular function in patients with idiopathic dilated myocardiopathy: a study protocol

Author: Miguel Romero, José Suárez-de-Lezo, Concha Herrera, Manuel Pan, José López-Aguilera, Flor Baeza-Garzón, Francisco Javier Hidalgo-Lesmes, Olga Fernández-López, Juliana Martínez-Atienza, Eva Cebrián, Vanesa Martín-Palanco, Rosario Jiménez-Moreno, Rosario Gutiérrez-Fernández, Sonia Nogueras, Maria Dolores Carmona, Soledad Ojeda, Natividad Cuende, Rosario Mata, [Romero,M, Suárez-de-Lezo, Pan,M, López-Aguilera,J, Suárez-de-Lezo Jr,J, Baeza-Garzón,F, Hidalgo-Lesmes,FJ, Cebrián,E, Ojeda,S] Cardiology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain. [Herrera,C, Martín-Palanco,V, Jiménez-Moreno,R, Gutiérrez-Fernández,R, Nogueras,S, Carmona,MD] Cell Production Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain. [Fernández-López,O, Martínez-Atienza,J, Cuende,N, Mata,R] Andalusian Initiative for Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health, Seville, Spain., and This paper presents an investigator-driven Clinical trial partially funded by research grant provided by the Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia (Grant Reference Number salud-201600073587-tra).
Subjects: Male, lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Time Factors, Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cell therapy, Ventricular Function, Left, law.invention, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Study Protocol, Cardiomiopatía dilatada, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Dilated myocardiopathy, Multicenter Studies as Topic, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Heart Diseases::Cardiomyopathies::Cardiomyopathy, Dilated [Medical Subject Headings], Bone Marrow Transplantation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Evaluation Studies as Topic::Clinical Trials as Topic::Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic::Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic [Medical Subject Headings], Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Vascular Diseases::Myocardial Ischemia::Myocardial Infarction [Medical Subject Headings], Ejection fraction, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Science::Research::Biomedical Research [Medical Subject Headings], Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Adult, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, medicine.medical_specialty, Information Science::Information Science::Communications Media::Publications [Medical Subject Headings], Adolescent, Cell- and tissue-based therapy, Células de la médula ósea, Bone Marrow Cells, Placebo, Transplantation, Autologous, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Double-Blind Method, Tratamiento basado en trasplante de células y tejidos, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Biological Therapy::Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy [Medical Subject Headings], Aged, Angiology, Anatomy::Cells::Bone Marrow Cells [Medical Subject Headings], business.industry, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Recovery of Function, medicine.disease, Interim analysis, Clinical trial, lcsh:RC666-701, Spain, Bone marrow mononuclear cells, business
Abstract: Cellular therapies have been increasingly applied to diverse human diseases. Intracoronary infusion of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNC) has demonstrated to improve ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. However, less information is available about the role of BMMNC therapy for the treatment of dilated myocardiopathies (DCs) of non-ischemic origin. This article presents the methodological description of a study aimed at investigating the efficacy of intracoronary injection of autologous BMMNCs in the improvement of the ventricular function of patients with DC. This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase IIb clinical trial compares the improvement on ventricular function (measured by the changes on the ejection fraction) of patients receiving the conventional treatment for DC in combination with a single dose of an intracoronary infusion of BMMNCs, with the functional recovery of patients receiving placebo plus conventional treatment. Patients assigned to both treatment groups are monitored for 24 months. This clinical trial is powered enough to detect a change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) equal to or greater than 9%, although an interim analysis is planned to re-calculate sample size. The study protocol was approved by the Andalusian Coordinating Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research (Comite Coordinador de Etica en Investigacion Biomedica de Andalucia), the Spanish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (Agencia Espanola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios), and is registered at the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT: 2013–002015-98). The publication of the trial results in scientific journals will be performed in accordance with the applicable regulations and guidelines to clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02033278 (First Posted January 10, 2014): https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02033278 ; EudraCT number: 2013–002015-98, EU CT Register: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2013-002015-98 . Trial results will also be published according to the CONSORT statement at conferences and reported peer-reviewed journals.
Published: 2019

29. Binaural Beats through the auditory pathway: from brainstem to connectivity patterns

Author: Hector D. Orozco Perez, Guillaume Dumas, Alexandre Lehmann, International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), The authors of this paper would like to thank Pierre Rainville and Bérangère Houze for sharing the E - SAS scales, Mihaela Felezeu for all the help and support during data acquisition and our participants for volunteering their time to perform the experiment, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], GD was financially supported by the Institut Pasteur., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université McGill -Université de Montréal (UdeM), and McGill University
Subjects: Auditory Pathways, Brain activity and meditation, media_common.quotation_subject, binaural beats, brain entrainment, Stimulus (physiology), Monaural, 050105 experimental psychology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Perception, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Single-Blind Method, EEG, 10. No inequality, media_common, Auditory Cortex, Brainwave entrainment, Binaural beats, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, brain connectivity, Monaural beats, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Frequency following response, Acoustic Stimulation, Cognition and Behavior, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Neuroscience, Binaural recording, Auditory illusion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article: New Research, Brain Stem
Abstract: Visual Abstract, Binaural beating is a perceptual auditory illusion occurring when presenting two neighboring frequencies to each ear separately. Several controversial claims have been attributed to binaural beats regarding their ability to entrain human brain activity and mood, in both the scientific literature and the marketing realm. Here, we sought to address those questions in a robust fashion using a single-blind, active-controlled protocol. To do so, we compared the effects of binaural beats with a control beat stimulation (monaural beats, known to entrain brain activity but not mood) across four distinct levels in the human auditory pathway: subcortical and cortical entrainment, scalp-level functional connectivity and self-reports. Both stimuli elicited standard subcortical responses at the pure tone frequencies of the stimulus [i.e., frequency following response (FFR)], and entrained the cortex at the beat frequency [i.e., auditory steady state response (ASSR)]. Furthermore, functional connectivity patterns were modulated differentially by both kinds of stimuli, with binaural beats being the only one eliciting cross-frequency activity. Despite this, we did not find any mood modulation related to our experimental manipulation. Our results provide evidence that binaural beats elicit cross frequency connectivity patterns, but weakly entrain the cortex when compared with monaural beat stimuli. Whether binaural beats have an impact on cognitive performance or other mood measurements remains to be seen and can be further investigated within the proposed methodological framework.
Published: 2019

30. Incorporating individual historical controls and aggregate treatment effect estimates into a Bayesian survival trial: a simulation study

Author: Lisa V. Hampson, Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Caroline Brard, Nathalie Gaspar, Gwénaël Le Teuff, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de biostatistique et d'épidémiologie (SBE), Direction de la recherche clinique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Statistical Methodology [Bâle, Suisse], Novartis Pharma AG, Département de cancérologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité de Méthodologie et de Biostatistique [Lille] (UMB), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université de Lille-UNICANCER-Université de Lille-UNICANCER, We acknowledge for the design, analysis, interpretation of the simulation study, and for the writing of the manuscript, funding from – PhD grant from doctoral school of public health, Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay – Lisa Hampson’s contribution to the paper was partly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (grant MR/M013510/1) and was completed while she was an employee of Lancaster University – Ligue contre le cancer, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, and Bodescot, Myriam
Subjects: Simulation study, Epidemiology, Computer science, Bayesian probability, Health Informatics, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Power prior, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adjuvants, Immunologic, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Randomized controlled trial, law, Statistics, Prior probability, Humans, Computer Simulation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Set (psychology), Baseline (configuration management), Bayesian randomised survival trial, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Weibull distribution, Osteosarcoma, lcsh:R5-920, Phosphatidylethanolamines, 030503 health policy & services, Aggregate (data warehouse), Bayes Theorem, Variance (accounting), Models, Theoretical, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Control Groups, Mixture prior, 3. Good health, [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Research Design, Sample Size, Individual control data, 0305 other medical science, lcsh:Medicine (General), Aggregate treatment effect, Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine, Rare disease, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract: Background Performing well-powered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of new treatments for rare diseases is often infeasible. However, with the increasing availability of historical data, incorporating existing information into trials with small sample sizes is appealing in order to increase the power. Bayesian approaches enable one to incorporate historical data into a trial’s analysis through a prior distribution. Methods Motivated by a RCT intended to evaluate the impact on event-free survival of mifamurtide in patients with osteosarcoma, we performed a simulation study to evaluate the impact on trial operating characteristics of incorporating historical individual control data and aggregate treatment effect estimates. We used power priors derived from historical individual control data for baseline parameters of Weibull and piecewise exponential models, while we used a mixture prior to summarise aggregate information obtained on the relative treatment effect. The impact of prior-data conflicts, both with respect to the parameters and survival models, was evaluated for a set of pre-specified weights assigned to the historical information in the prior distributions. Results The operating characteristics varied according to the weights assigned to each source of historical information, the variance of the informative and vague component of the mixture prior and the level of commensurability between the historical and new data. When historical and new controls follow different survival distributions, we did not observe any advantage of choosing a piecewise exponential model compared to a Weibull model for the new trial analysis. However, we think that it remains appealing given the uncertainty that will often surround the shape of the survival distribution of the new data. Conclusion In the setting of Sarcome-13 trial, and other similar studies in rare diseases, the gains in power and accuracy made possible by incorporating different types of historical information commensurate with the new trial data have to be balanced against the risk of biased estimates and a possible loss in power if data are not commensurate. The weights allocated to the historical data have to be carefully chosen based on this trade-off. Further simulation studies investigating methods for incorporating historical data are required to generalise the findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12874-019-0714-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2019

31. New data for the Early Upper Paleolithic of Kostenki (Russia)

Author: Andrei Sinitsyn, Thibaut Devièse, Natasha Reynolds, Mikhail V. Sablin, Thomas Higham, Alexander Bessudnov, Rob Dinnis, Abi Pate, British Museum, Institute for the History of Material Culture [St Petersburg], the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), This research was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2012-800). A.B.'s work was supported by grants RFBR18-39-20009 and RSF18-78-00136, and by state assignment 0184-2018-0012. NR was supported during the writing of this paper by a Postdoctoral Study Grant from the Fondation Fyssen and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 747400. A.S. acknowledges grant RFBR17-06-00319a and state assignment 0184-2018-0012, and we also acknowledge the participation of ZIN RAS (state assignment АААА-А17-117022810195-3). The research that enabled the production of HYP radiocarbon dates came from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ERC grant 324139 'PalaeoChron', which also supported N.R., T.D. and T.H., European Project: 324139,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120411,PALAEOCHRON(2013), European Project: 747400,PeOPLE, and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, Bladelet technology, 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archaeological record, Eastern Europe, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, biology.animal, Assemblage (archaeology), 0601 history and archaeology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060101 anthropology, biology, Anatomically modern humans, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Geography, Early Upper Palaeolithic, Anthropology, Upper Paleolithic, Period (geology), Kostenki, Aurignacian, Chronology
Abstract: Several questions remain regarding the timing and nature of the Neanderthal-anatomically modern human (AMH) transition in Europe. The situation in Eastern Europe is generally less clear due to the relatively few sites and a dearth of reliable radiocarbon dates. Claims have been made for both notably early AMH and notably late Neanderthal presence, as well as for early AMH (Aurignacian) dispersal into the region from Central/Western Europe. The Kostenki-Borshchevo complex (European Russia) of Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) sites offers high-quality data to address these questions. Here we revise the chronology and cultural status of the key sites of Kostenki 17 and Kostenki 14. The Kostenki 17/II lithic assemblage shares important features with Proto-Aurignacian material, strengthening an association with AMHs. New radiocarbon dates for Kostenki 17/II of ∼41–40 ka cal BP agree with new dates for the recently excavated Kostenki 14/IVw, which shows some similarities to Kostenki 17/II. Dates of ≥41 ka cal BP from other Kostenki sites cannot be linked to diagnostic archaeological material, and therefore cannot be argued to date AMH occupation. Kostenki 14's Layer in Volcanic Ash assemblage, on the other hand, compares to Early Aurignacian material. New radiocarbon dates targeting diagnostic lithics date to 39–37 ka cal BP. Overall, Kostenki's early EUP is in good agreement with the archaeological record further west. Our results are therefore consistent with models predicting interregional penecontemporaneity of diagnostic EUP assemblages. Most importantly, our work highlights ongoing challenges for reliably radiocarbon dating the period. Dates for Kostenki 14 agreed with the samples' chronostratigraphic positions, but standard pre-treatment methods consistently produced incorrect ages for Kostenki 17/II. Extraction of hydroxyproline from bone collagen using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, however, yielded results consistent with the samples' chronostratigraphic position and with the layer's archaeological contents. This suggests that for some sites compound-specific techniques are required to build reliable radiocarbon chronologies.
Published: 2019

32. Solvent Welding and Imprinting Cellulose Nanofiber Films Using Ionic Liquids

Author: Guillermo Reyes, Alistair W. T. King, Orlando J. Rojas, Johanna Lahti, Maryam Borghei, Tampere University, Materials Science, Research group: Paper Converting and Packaging, Department of Chemistry, and Materials Chemistry
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, 116 Chemical sciences, Nanofibers, Ionic Liquids, 02 engineering and technology, Welding, 01 natural sciences, TOXICITY, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, DISSOLUTION, law, Imidazoles/chemistry, Materials Chemistry, WATER, Dissolution, COATINGS, Cellulose/analogs & derivatives, Imidazoles, Nanofibers/chemistry, NANOCELLULOSE FILMS, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Artificial, 0210 nano-technology, BEHAVIOR, Plastic welding, Materials science, Bioengineering, Context (language use), Biodegradable Plastics, 010402 general chemistry, Biomaterials, Elastic Modulus, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Cellulose, ta216, Membranes, Membranes, Artificial, Biodegradable Plastics/chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, FTIR, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 216 Materials engineering, Nanofiber, Ionic liquid, PAPER, Ionic Liquids/chemistry
Abstract: Cellulose nanofiber films (CNFF) were treated via a welding process using ionic liquids (ILs). Acid-base-conjugated ILs derived from 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene [DBN] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][OAc]) were utilized. The removal efficiency of ILs from welded CNFF was assessed using liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The mechanical and physical properties of CNFF indicated surface plasticization of CNFF, which improved transparency. Upon treatment, the average CNFF toughness increased by 27%, and the films reached a Young's modulus of ∼5.8 GPa. These first attempts for IL "welding" show promise to tune the surfaces of biobased films, expanding the scope of properties for the production of new biobased materials in a green chemistry context. The results of this work are highly relevant to the fabrication of CNFFs using ionic liquids and related solvents. acceptedVersion
Published: 2019

33. Structured peer-led diabetes self-management and support in a low-income country: The ST2EP randomised controlled trial in Mali

Author: Assa Traoré Sidibé, Stéphane Besançon, Cyril Ferdynus, Xavier Debussche, Hélène Delisle, Laetitia Huiart, Maryvette Balcou-Debussche, CHU Sud Saint Pierre [Ile de la Réunion], Centre d'Investigation Clinique de La Réunion - INSERM (CIC 1410), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), ONG Santé Diabète, Institut Coopératif Austral de Recherche en Éducation (ICARE), Université de La Réunion (UR), Réseau des universités pour l'éducation à la santé (Réseau UNIRéS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), CRSN/Faculté de médecine Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hopital Universitaire, This work was supported by the Bridges programme of the International Diabetes Federation. BRIDGES (Bringing Research in Diabetes to Global Environments and Systems) is a programme initiated by the International Diabetes Federation, and supported by an educational grant from Lilly Diabetes, https://www.idf.org/our-activities/epidemiology-research/bridges.html. The NGO Santé Diabète received the funding (https://santediabete.org/en, Director: SB). The funders were not involved in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the paper or preparation of the manuscript for publication. The authors were independent from study funders., and Univ, Réunion
Subjects: Male, Psychological intervention, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Type 2 diabetes, Human learning, Mali, Biochemistry, Vascular Medicine, law.invention, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Learning and Memory, Diabetes mellitus, Randomized controlled trial, law, Health care, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Medicine and Health Sciences, Diabetes diagnosis and management, Psychology, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Health education and awareness, Blood pressure, Female, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, HbA1c, Patients, Endocrine Disorders, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Peer Group, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient Education as Topic, medicine, Learning, Humans, Hemoglobin, Developing Countries, Glycated Hemoglobin, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Self-Management, lcsh:R, Cognitive Psychology, Proteins, Peer group, medicine.disease, Diagnostic medicine, Health Care, Self Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Metabolic Disorders, People and Places, Africa, Physical therapy, Cognitive Science, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Patient education, Neuroscience
Abstract: Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of peer-led self-management education in improving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a low-income country (Mali). Methods We conducted an open-label randomised controlled trial. A total of 151 adults (76% women, mean age 52.5) with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c≥8%), treated in the diabetes consultation units of two secondary health centres in Bamako, were allocated to peer-led structured patient education (n = 76) or conventional care alone (n = 75). The intervention group received 1 year of culturally tailored structured patient education (3 courses of 4 sessions) delivered in the community by five trained peer educators. Both groups underwent conventional diabetes monitoring and follow-up. Primary outcome was the mean absolute change in HbA1c from baseline to 12 months. Results 177 education sessions were delivered to the intervention group. Patient attrition was 8%. From baseline to 12 months, the decrease in HbA1c levels was 1.05% (SD = 2.0; CI95%: 1.54;-0.56) in the intervention group compared with 0.15% (SD = 1.7; CI95%: -0.56; 0.26) in the control group, p = 0.006. Mean BMI change was -1.65 kg/m2 (SD = 2.5; CI95%: -2.25; -1.06) in the intervention group and +0.05 kg/m2 (SD = 3.2; CI95%: -0.71; 0.81) in the control group, p = 0.0005. Mean waist circumference decreased by 3.34 cm (SD = 9.3; CI95%: -5.56;-1.13) in the intervention group and increased by 2.65 cm (SD = 10.3; CI95%: 0.20; 5.09) in the control group, p = 0.0003. Conclusions Peer-led structured patient education delivered over 1 year to patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in Mali yielded substantial improvements in glycaemic control and anthropometric parameters. This is of importance for the scaling up of efficient interventions in low-resource settings in the future. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01485913
Published: 2018

34. Plasmonic Chemical and Biological Sensors based on plastic optical fibers

Author: Sabato D'Auria, Luigi Zeni, Maria Pesavento, Nunzio Cennamo, Antonio Varriale, Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Cennamo, N., D'Auria, S., Varriale, A., Pesavento, M., and Zeni, L.
Subjects: Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, law, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Plasmon
Abstract: A simple approach to low-cost plasmonic sensing is obtained exploiting Plastic Optical Fibers (POFs). POFs are especially advantageous for their properties and, when receptors are used for bio/chemicals detection, are suitable for different application fields.
Published: 2018

35. An optical fiber intensity-based sensor configuration for the detection of PFOA in water

Author: Lúcia Bilro, Nunzio Cennamo, Filipa Sequeira, Chiara Perri, Adriano Biasiolo, Girolamo D'Agostino, Rogério N. Nogueira, Francesco Arcadio, Luigi Zeni, Giovanni Porto, Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Cennamo, N., D'Agostino, G., Sequeira, F., Arcadio, F., Porto, G., Biasiolo, A., Perri, C., Nogueira, R., Bilro, L., and Zeni, L.
Subjects: Sensor system, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Molecularly imprinted polymer, law.invention, Optical sensing, law, Fiber optic sensor, Optoelectronics, business, Plastic optical fiber, Refractive index, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: A new approach for the selective detection of the Perfluorinated compounds in water is presented. The low-cost sensor system is based on a Molecular Imprinted Polymer deposited on a D-shaped Plastic Optical Fiber platform.
Published: 2018

36. Signal analysis of a double-diode autodyne

Author: A. P. Chupahin, G. P. Ermak, V. Ya. Noskov, K. A. Ignatkov, Sergey M. Smolskiy, A. S. Vasiliev, and The present paper is prepared in accordance with an Agreement on scientific-technological cooperation between IRE NASU, UrFU and NRU 'MPEI', as well as at financial support of Russian Federation Government, order No. 211, contract # 02.A03.21.0006.
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Coupling, Physics, Signal processing, Autodyne, business.industry, Acoustics, Electrical engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Flange, 01 natural sciences, Signal, law.invention, autodyne, autodyne signal, autodyne response, double-diode autodyne, mutual locking, partial oscillator, law, Q factor, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radar, business, Diode
Abstract: Analysis results of autodyne signals of the double-diode oscillator, which is under influence of the proper reflected emission from the moving object, are presented. The analysis is performed on the base of the autodyne mathematical model presented in the form of a system of two mutually-locked partial oscillators under condition of strong mutual coupling. Peculiarities of signal formation are considered for various parameters of partial oscillators and coupling conditions. Experimental data are obtained for the 8mm-range Gunn double-diode oscillator of the flange type.
Published: 2017

37. Paper microfluidics for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) of infectious diseases

Author: Pierre Garneret, Patrick Tabeling, Beatrice Jacquelin, Fabrice Monti, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Pierre Lafaye, Laura Magro, Aurélia Kwasiborski, Camille Escadafal, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Laboratoire Microfluidique, MEMS, Nanostructures (MMN), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (CIBU), Institut Pasteur [Paris], HIV, Inflammation et persistance, Génétique fonctionnelle des Maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie des Anticorps (plate-forme) - Antibody Engineering (Platform), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], P. T., J. C. M. and P. L. initiated the collaboration. L. M., P. G., B. J. and C. E. prepared the manuscript with the assistance of P. T. L. M., F. M. and P. T. brought expertise on paper microfluidics and technological developments. J. C. M., A. S., C. E., A. K., J. V. and P. L. helped on more biological points of view: isothermal amplifications and sample preparations., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), HIV, Inflammation et persistance - HIV, Inflammation and Persistence, and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Paper, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Microfluidics, Biomedical Engineering, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Communicable Diseases, law.invention, Domain (software engineering), law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests, Humans, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 010401 analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, Nucleic acid amplification technique, Equipment Design, Lab-on-a-chip, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Data science, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Low and middle income countries, Nucleic acid, 0210 nano-technology, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Abstract: International audience; The diagnosis of infectious diseases is entering a new and interesting phase. Technologies based on paper microfluidics, coupled to developments in isothermal amplification of Nucleic Acids (NAs) raise opportunities for bringing the methods of molecular biology in the field, in a low setting environment. A lot of work has been performed in the domain over the last few years and the landscape of contributions is rich and diverse. Most often, the level of sample preparation differs, along with the sample nature, the amplification and detection methods, and the design of the device, among other features. In this review, we attempt to offer a structured description of the state of the art. The domain is not mature and there exist bottlenecks that hamper the realization of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) complying with the constraints of the field in low and middle income countries. In this domain however, the pace of progress is impressively fast. This review is written for a broad Lab on a Chip audience.
Published: 2017

38. Larval nutritional stress affects vector life history traits and human malaria transmission

Author: Thierry Lefèvre, Amélie Vantaux, Anna Cohuet, Olivier Roux, Benjamin Roche, Kounbobr Roch Dabiré, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Centre Muraz, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), This study was funded by the ANR grant 11-PDOC-006-01 to TL., We would like to thank all of the children and their parents who participated in this study, as well as the local authorities for their support, and Andrea Yockey-Dejean for proofreading the paper. We are very grateful to the IRSS staff in Burkina Faso for technical assistance., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plasmodium falciparum, Zoology, Insect, MESH: Insect Vectors, Biology, Article, law.invention, Life history theory, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development, law, Stress, Physiological, Anopheles, parasitic diseases, medicine, Gametocyte, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Stress, Physiological, Life History Traits, media_common, Larva, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, MESH: Life History Traits, MESH: Anopheles/parasitology, Ecology, fungi, MESH: Anopheles/growth & development, medicine.disease, Fecundity, 3. Good health, Insect Vectors, Malaria, MESH: Larva/parasitology, MESH: Malaria/transmission, 030104 developmental biology, Transmission (mechanics), MESH: Larva/growth & development, Vector (epidemiology), Female, MESH: Female
Abstract: Exposure to stress during an insect’s larval development can have carry-over effects on adult life history traits and susceptibility to pathogens. We investigated the effects of larval nutritional stress for the first time using field mosquito vectors and malaria parasites. In contrast to previous studies, we show that larval nutritional stress may affect human to mosquito transmission antagonistically: nutritionally deprived larvae showed lower parasite prevalence for only one gametocyte carrier; they also had lower fecundity. However, they had greater survival rates that were even higher when infected. When combining these opposing effects into epidemiological models, we show that larval nutritional stress induced a decrease in malaria transmission at low mosquito densities and an increase in transmission at high mosquito densities, whereas transmission by mosquitoes from well-fed larvae was stable. Our work underscores the importance of including environmental stressors towards understanding host–parasite dynamics to improve disease transmission models and control.
Published: 2016

39. Analysis and design of low power SRAM cell using independent gate FinFET

Author: Shyam Akashe, Saurabh Khandelwal, Vandna Sikarwar, and The Endeavour in this paper was supported by ITM University (Gwalior, India) with the collaboration of Cadence System Design (Bangalore, India).
Subjects: Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES, Materials science, business.industry, Sram cell, Transistor, Electrical engineering, Short-channel effect, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, law.invention, CMOS, law, MOSFET, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Electronic engineering, FinFET, SRAM, Static random-access memory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Standby power, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN, Leakage (electronics)
Abstract: Scaling of bulk MOSFET faces great challenges in nanoscale integration technology by producing short channel effect which leads to increased leakage. FinFET has become the most promising substitute to bulk CMOS technology because of reducing short channel effect. Dual-gate FinFET can be designed either by shorting gates on either side for better performance or both gates can be controlled independently to reduce the leakage and hence power consumption. A six transistor SRAM cell based on independent-gate FinFET technology is described in this paper for simultaneously reducing the active and standby mode power consumption. A work is focused on the independent gate FinFET technology as this mode provides less power consumption, less area consumption and low delay as compared to other modes. Leakage current and power consumption in independent gate FinFET is compared with tied gate or shorted gate FinFET SRAM cell. Moreover, delay has been estimated in presented SRAM cells. Further, leakage reduction technique is applied to independent gate FinFET 6T SRAM cell.
Published: 2013

40. Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar

Author: Annelise Tran, Vladimir Grosbois, Jean-Pierre Ravalohery, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Jean-Michel Heraud, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Christophe Rogier, Seta Andriamamonjy, Véronique Chevalier, Benoit Durand, Marie-Marie Olive, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This study was supported in part by funds raised by (i) CIRAD (ii) the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, grant # 131163/00) (iii) the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. Human field work was funded by the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar (Internal Project through the ZORA (ZOonoses, Rodent and Arboviruses) project and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, and Cooperative Agreement #U51/IP000327). Moreover, this material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security under the Center of Excellence of Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases Grant Award Number 2010-ST061-AG0001. Cattle study was supported in part by funds raised by World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) through the Central Emergency Response Fund of the United Nations. The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either explicit or implicit, of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Analyse du risque, MESH: Cattle Diseases, MESH: Animals, Neglected tropical diseases, Mammals, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, 000 - Autres thèmes, Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, Anopheles, Ruminants, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), MESH: Young Adult, Densité de population, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Enzootic, Infectious diseases, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Genre humain, Bétail, Livestock, lcsh:RC955-962, MESH: Culex, Microbiology, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Madagascar, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, Tropical diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Adult, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, 030104 developmental biology, Africa, Cattle, MESH: Female, MESH: Antibodies, Viral, 0301 basic medicine, RNA viruses, Cattle Diseases, Disease Vectors, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Mosquitoes, Serology, Geographical Locations, MESH: Madagascar, law, Zoonoses, Facteur de risque, Bunyaviruses, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Rift Valley Fever, Comportement humain, Rift Valley fever, 2. Zero hunger, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Agriculture, Facteur du milieu, Medical microbiology, Insects, MESH: Cattle, Vecteur de maladie, Vertebrates, Viruses, MESH: Rift Valley fever virus, Seasons, Pathogens, Research Article, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zone humide, Arthropoda, Distribution géographique, Culex, 030231 tropical medicine, Viral diseases, MESH: Insect Vectors, Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, Sérologie, Bovines, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, MESH: Environment, Transmission des maladies, Biology and life sciences, Viral pathogens, Morbidité, biology.organism_classification, Rift Valley fever virus, MESH: Male, Microbial pathogens, Amniotes, People and Places, Earth Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans. Madagascar was heavily affected by RVF in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to optimize the available resources by targeting RVF surveillance in Madagascar. Herein, the objectives of our study were: (i) to identify the environmental factors and areas favorable to RVF transmission to both cattle and human and (ii) to identify human behaviors favoring human infections in Malagasy contexts. Methodology/Principal Findings First, we characterized the environments of Malagasy communes using a Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Then, we analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at national level using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, with the individual serological status (cattle or human) as the response, and MFA factors, as well as other potential risk factors (cattle density, human behavior) as explanatory variables. Cattle and human seroprevalence rates were positively associated to humid environments (p, Author Summary Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogen that causes a vector-borne tropical disease. The disease affects ruminants and humans and severely impacts the health and economy of affected countries. Madagascar was heavily affected by Rift Valley fever (RVF) in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. Our study aims at identifying environmental and human-related risk factors for RVFV transmission. First, we characterized Malagasy environments according to their putative influence on RVFV mosquito density and population dynamics. Then we statistically analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at a national level with the individual serological status as response, and Malagasy environments previously characterized by climatic and landscape variables as well as other potential risk factors as explanatory variables. Our results identified humid environments of the western, north-western and eastern parts of the island as risky areas. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to focus veterinary surveillance and control of RVFV.
Published: 2016

41. Development of 3T eDRAM gain cells for enhancing read margin and data retention

Author: Shyam Akashe, Saurabh Khandelwal, Tarushree Varshney, and This paper was supported by ITM (Gwalior) with the collaboration of Cadence System Design (Bangalore, India).
Subjects: Very-large-scale integration, Engineering, Dynamic random-access memory, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Transistor, Electrical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, eDRAM, 01 natural sciences, PMOS logic, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, logic compatible eDRAM, data retention, 3T gain cell, enhanced read margin, static power, nanotechnology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Data retention, 010306 general physics, business, Dram, NMOS logic
Abstract: This paper presents three transistors (3T) based Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) cell in which noise, static power, and data retention voltage (DRV) have been reduced. The spesified parameters in the proposed eDRAM gain cell were improved by connecting the source of storage device to the read word line signal instead of supply voltage. As we all know, power consumption plays a vital role in VLSI design and thus, it is enumerated among the top challenges for the semiconductor chip industries. With the intention to maintain the performance of write operation, we diminish DRV and increase the read margin of eDRAM cell with our designed circuit which is introduced as “A Boosted 3T eDRAM gain cell”. It is a kind of eDRAM cell that utilizes a read word line (RWL) via three PMOS transistors instead of NMOS transistors. PMOS devices are preferred as they have radically less gate leakage current, which confer better results for data retention and thus, boost up the read margin of the cell. Simulation results have been obtained by using Cadence Virtuoso Tool at 45 nm technology for the proposed model. Based on simulation results we can conclude that the parameters of the proposed eDRAM gain cell essentially improved as compared with convertional eDRAM gain cell and the achieved parameters are as follows: static power is 0.767 pW, DRV is 142.009 mV and noise is 8.421 nV/Hz1/2.
Published: 2016

42. Memristive based device arrays combined with Spike based coding can enable efficient implementations of embedded neuromorphic circuits

Author: Olivier Bichler, David Roclin, Christian Gamrat, Département d'Architectures, Conception et Logiciels Embarqués-LIST (DACLE-LIST), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), The authors wishes to thank Barbara de Salvo, CEA LETI, for fruitful discussions.The work reported in this paper was partly supported by funding under the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7) undergrant agreement no 318597 (SYMONE), under the FrenchNational Research Agency (ANR) under grant agreement ANR12-BS03-010 (SYNAPTOR) and under grant agreement ANR–11–IDEX–0003-02 (NANODESIGN)., ANR-12-BS03-0010,SYNAPTOR,Transistor-synapse et circuits pour les architectures neuro-inspirées(2012), European Project: 318597,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2011-8,SYMONE(2012), and Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))
Subjects: Computer science, Biological neuron, Neuromorphic Architectures, law.invention, Electron devices, Embedded applications, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Electronic engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Energy problem, Implementation, Neuromorphic circuits, Electronic circuit, Transistor, Codes (symbols), CMOS integrated circuits, Efficient implementation, Reconfigurable hardware, Energy efficiency, Neuromorphic engineering, Computer architecture, Computing machines, Device arrays, Embedded application, Coding (social sciences), Efficient energy use
Abstract: Conference of 61st IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, IEDM 2015 ; Conference Date: 7 December 2015 Through 9 December 2015; Conference Code:119534; International audience; Since the rapid development of post-CMOS technologies in the last decade, there has been a growing interest in utilizing them for implementing neuromorphic or brain-like computing machines. Besides attempts to build realistic circuits that would mimic the functioning of biological neurons as close as possible [1][2], our team is focused on implementing neuromorphic circuits suitable for embedded applications. This objective puts the emphasis on two majors concerns: integration and energy efficiency. In our quest for ultimate integration, we first report on investigating for the best synapse-like technology among the realm of potential candidates. We then report our investigations on the feasibility of large crossbars of synapse-like devices and show that there is still a long way ahead. Finally in an effort to tackle the energy problem, we introduce spike based coding for deep neuromorphic architectures and discuss our argument that spike coding combined with memristive synaptic devices could pave the way for future embedded neuromorphic circuits.
Published: 2015

43. Derandomizing random walks in undirected graphs using locally fair exploration strategies

Author: Ralf Klasing, Adrian Kosowski, Colin Cooper, David Ilcinkas, Department of Computer Science (DCS), King‘s College London, Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Combinatoire et Algorithmique, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), See paper for details., ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Department of Algorithms and Systems Modelling [ETI GUT] (Gdansk University of Technology), Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics [GUT Gdańsk] (ETI), Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT)-Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), ANR-05-MMSA-0006,ALPAGE,ALgorithmique des Plates-formes A Grande Echelle(2005), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Comparability graph, Random walk, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Theoretical Computer Science, Combinatorics, Indifference graph, Graph exploration, law, Graph power, Line graph, Random regular graph, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Pancyclic graph, Mathematics, Discrete mathematics, Block graph, graph exploration : Propp machine, Directed graph, Feedback arc set, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Hardware and Architecture, Robbins' theorem, Graph (abstract data type), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract: International audience; We consider the problem of exploring an anonymous undirected graph using an oblivious robot. The studied exploration strategies are designed so that the next edge in the robot's walk is chosen using only local information, and so that some local equity (fairness) criterion is satisfied for the adjacent undirected edges. Such strategies can be seen as an attempt to derandomize random walks, and are natural counterparts for undirected graphs of the rotor-router model for symmetric directed graphs. The first of the studied strategies, known as Oldest-First (OF), always chooses the neighboring edge for which the most time has elapsed since its last traversal. Unlike in the case of symmetric directed graphs, we show that such a strategy in some cases leads to exponential cover time. We then consider another strategy called Least-Used-First (LUF) which always uses adjacent edges which have been traversed the smallest number of times. We show that any Least-Used-First exploration covers a graph G=(V,E) of diameter diam within time O(diam|E|), and in the long run traverses all edges of G with the same frequency.
Published: 2011

44. Worksite physical activity interventions and obesity: a review of European studies (the HOPE Project)

Author: Johannes Brug, Cyrus Rostami, Eveline Van Cauwenberghe, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Lea Maes, Frank J. van Lenthe, Jean-Michel Oppert, Anne Vuillemin, Public Health, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of public health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University Medical Centre, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (UREN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), The project this paper is part of has been being carried out with financial support from the Commission of the European Communities, SP5A-CT-2006-044128 'Health-Promotion through Obesity Prevention across Europe (HOPE): an Integrated Analysis to Support European Health Policy'. The study does not necessarily reflect the Commission's views and in no way anticipates the Commission's future policy in this area., Epidemiology and Data Science, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, validity, Health (social science), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical fitness, Psychological intervention, Physical activity, Obesity, Intervention studies, Worksite, External, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition and dietetics, Transportation, Health Promotion, biofilm, law.invention, External validity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life (healthcare), Randomized controlled trial, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, law, Physiology (medical), Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Humans, Generalizability theory, 030212 general & internal medicine, Workplace, Exercise, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, communauté microbienne, 030505 public health, business.industry, Evidence-based medicine, culture, Europe, Physical Fitness, Physical therapy, Original Article, environnement abiotique, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: Summary Objective: Our aim was to review the effectiveness of physical activity promotion interventions in the worksite setting in Europe in order to identify those studies that had measured obesity-related outcomes and to evaluate how external validity of the findings had been assessed. Methods: We conducted a review of studies conducted in Europe, published up to December 2009. We assessed levels of evidence regarding effectiveness and analysed external validity using the RE-AIM framework. Results: Studies included (n = 33) were divided in 6 intervention categories. Moderate evidence of effectiveness was found for physical fitness outcomes with exercise training interventions and for physical activity outcomes with active commuting interventions. There was no or inconclusive evidence for obesity-related outcomes for all intervention categories. For external validity, elements receiving the least attention (
Published: 2011

45. The cost of monotonicity in distributed graph searching

Author: Nicolas Nisse, David Soguet, David Ilcinkas, Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Additional supports from the project 'Fragile' of the ACI Sécurité Informatique, and from the project 'Grand Large' of INRIA., Eduardo Tovar, Philippas Tsigas, Hacène Fouchal, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Algorithmics for computationally intensive applications over wide scale distributed platforms (CEPAGE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithms, simulation, combinatorics and optimization for telecommunications (MASCOTTE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), See paper for details., ANR-07-BLAN-0322,ALADDIN,Algorithm Design and Analysis for Implicitly and Incompletely Defined Interaction Networks(2007), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: Monotonicity, Mathematical optimization, Theoretical computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], 050801 communication & media studies, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Strength of a graph, Biconnected graph, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, law.invention, 0508 media and communications, Graph power, law, Line graph, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Graph property, Complement graph, Graph searching, Distance-hereditary graph, Mobile agent, Discrete mathematics, 020203 distributed computing, 05 social sciences, Voltage graph, Directed graph, Butterfly graph, Competitive ratio, Graph bandwidth, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Hardware and Architecture, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Null graph, Graph factorization, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract: International audience; Blin {\it et al.} (2006) proposed a distributed protocol that enables the smallest number of searchers to clear any unknown asynchronous graph in a decentralized manner. {\it Unknown} means that the searchers are provided no {\it a priori} information about the graph. However, the strategy that is actually performed lacks of an important property, namely the monotonicity. That is, the clear part of the graph may decrease at some steps of the execution of the protocol. Actually, the protocol of Blin {\it et al.} is executed in exponential time. Nisse and Soguet (2007) proved that, in order to ensure the smallest number of searchers to clear any $n$-node graph in a monotone way, it is necessary and sufficient to provide $\Theta(n \log n)$ bits of information to the searchers by putting short labels on the nodes of the graph. This paper deals with the smallest number of searchers that are necessary and sufficient to monotoneously clear any graph in a decentralized manner, when the searchers have no a priori information about the graph. The distributed graph searching problem considers a team of searchers that is aiming at clearing any connected contaminated graph. The clearing of the graph is required to be {\it connected}, i.e., the clear part of the graph must remain permanently connected, and {\it monotone}, i.e., the clear part of the graph only grows. The {\it search number} $\mcs(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of searchers necessary to clear $G$ in a monotone connected way in centralized settings. We prove that any distributed protocol aiming at clearing any unknown n-node graph in a monotone connected way, in decentralized settings, has {\it competitive ratio} $\Theta(\frac{n}{\log n})$. That is, we prove that, for any distributed protocol $\cal P$, there exists a constant $c$ such that for any sufficiently large $n$, there exists a $n$-node graph $G$ such that $\cal P$ requires at least $c\frac{n}{\log n}\, \mcs(G)$ searchers to clear $G$. Moreover, we propose a distributed protocol that allows $O(\frac{n}{\log n})\, \mcs(G)$ searchers to clear any unknown asynchronous $n$-node graph $G$ in a monotone connected way.
Published: 2009

46. Patient specific simulation of tumor growth, response to the treatment and relapse of a lung metastasis: a clinical case

Author: Julien Jouganous, Jean Palussière, Thierry Colin, François Cornelis, Olivier Saut, Modélisation Mathématique pour l'Oncologie (MONC), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER, This study has been carried out within the frame of the LABEX TRAIL, ANR-10-LABX-0057 with financial support from the French State, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the 'Investments for the future' Programme IdEx (ANR-10-IDEX-03-02).Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the PLAFRIM experimental testbed, being developed under the Inria PlaFRIM development action with support from LABRI and IMB and other entities: Conseil R ́egional d’Aquitaine, FeDER, Universit ́e de Bordeaux and CNRS (see https://plafrim.bordeaux.inria.fr/)., Inria Bordeaux, ANR-10-IDEX-0003,IDEX BORDEAUX,Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux(2010), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Radiofrequency ablation, Angiogenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Lung metastasis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Lesion, 03 medical and health sciences, Tumor growth modeling, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Internal medicine, medicine, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Tumor growth, 0101 mathematics, Clinical data assimilation, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Partial Differential Equations, Patient specific, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Clinical case, Medical imaging, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: In this paper, a parametrization strategy based on reduced order methods is presented for tumor growth PDE models. This is applied to a new simple spatial model for lung metastasis including angiogenesis. The goal is to help clinicians monitoring tumors and eventually predicting their evolution or response to a particular kind of treatment. To illustrate the whole approach, a clinical case including the natural history of the lesion, the response to a chemotherapy, and the relapse before a radiofrequency ablation is presented.
Published: 2015

47. Evaluation of ALOS/PALSAR L-Band data for the estimation of Eucalyptus plantations aboveground biomass in Brazil

Author: Yann Nouvellon, Cristiane Lemos, Rodrigo Hakamada, Kenji Ose, Jean-Stéphane Bailly, Guerric Le Maire, Mehrez Zribi, Nicolas Baghdadi, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, University of São Paulo (USP), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Paper do Brasil, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Biomass, SILVICULTURA, law.invention, Âge, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, law, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Radar, Eucalyptus, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Aboveground biomass, Vegetation, fast-growing plantations, Plantation forestière, Imagerie, short-rotation plantations, Brazil, Synthetic aperture radar, Eucalyptus grandis, L band, Télédétection, Production forestière, Radar imaging, Computers in Earth Sciences, Croissance, Hydrology, Méthode statistique, Rotation de coupe, L-band ALOS/PALSAR, Sowing, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Eucalyptus urophylla, K10 - Production forestière, Environmental science, Dendrométrie, U30 - Méthodes de recherche
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR-1) has provided very useful images dataset for several applications such as forestry. L-band radar measurements have been widely used but with somewhat contradictory conclusions on the potential of this radar wavelength to estimate the aboveground biomass. The first objective of this study was to analyze the L-band SAR backscatter sensitivity to forest biomass for Eucalyptus plantations. The results showed that the radar signal is highly dependent on biomass only for values lower than 50 t/ha, which corresponds to plantations of approximately three years of age. Next, Random Forest regressions were performed to evaluate the potential of PALSAR data to predict the Eucalyptus biomass. Regressions were constructed to link the biomass to both radar signal and age of plantations. Results showed that the age was the variable that best explained the biomass followed by the PALSAR HV polarized signal. For biomasses lower than 50 t/ha, HV signal and plantation age were found to have the same level of importance in predicting biomass. For biomasses higher than 50 t/ha, plantation age was the main variable in the random forest models. The use of PALSAR signal alone did not correctly predict the biomass of Eucalyptus plantations (R² lower than 0.5 and RMSE higher than 46.7 t/ha). The use of plantation age in addition to the PALSAR signal improved slightly the prediction results (R² increased from 0.88 to 0.92 and RMSE decreased from 22.7 to 18.9 t/ha). PALSAR imagery does not allow a direct estimation of the planting date of Eucalyptus stands but can follow efficiently the occurrence of clear-cuts if images are acquired sequentially, therefore allowing a rough estimate of the following plantation date because a stand of Eucalyptus is generally re-planted 2 to 4 months after cutting. With a time series of radar images, it could be therefore possible to estimate the plantation age, and therefore improving the estimates of plantation biomass.
Published: 2015

48. Exploration of Constantly Connected Dynamic Graphs Based on Cactuses

Author: Ahmed Mouhamadou Wade, David Ilcinkas, Ralf Klasing, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), See papers for details., and ANR-11-BS02-0014,DISPLEXITY,Calculabilité et complexité en distribué(2011)
Subjects: Mobile agent, Block graph, Discrete mathematics, Symmetric graph, Cactus graph, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Combinatorics, Connectivity over time, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, law, Random regular graph, Clique-width, Line graph, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Exploration, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Pancyclic graph, Dynamic graphs, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS, Mathematics, Distance-hereditary graph
Abstract: International audience; We study the problem of exploration by a mobile entity (agent) of a class of dynamic networks, namely constantly connected dynamic graphs. This problem has already been studied in the case where the agent knows the dynamics of the graph and the underlying graph is a ring of $n$ vertices \cite{IW13}. In this paper, we consider the same problem and we suppose that the underlying graph is a cactus graph (a connected graph in which any two simple cycles have at most one vertex in common). We propose an algorithm that allows the agent to explore these dynamic graphs in at most $2^{O(\sqrt{\log n})} n$ time units. We show that the lower bound of the algorithm is $2^{\Omega(\sqrt{\log n})} n$ time units.
Published: 2014

49. A fed-batch based cultivation mode in Escherichia coli results in improved specific activity of a novel chimeric-truncated form of tissue plasminogen activator

Author: Fatemeh Davami, Farzaneh Barkhordari, R.M. Godarzi, S. Enayati, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This paper was supported by a grant from the Pasteur Institute of Iran, Fereidoun Mahboud, Farzaneh Barkhordari, Reza Moazami Godarzi, Somayeh Enayati, and Fatemeh Davami
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, fed-batch cultivation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, law.invention, tissue-type plasminogen activator, 03 medical and health sciences, Affinity chromatography, Fibrinolytic Agents, law, 010608 biotechnology, Escherichia coli expression, medicine, Protein biosynthesis, Escherichia coli, Potency, Animals, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence Deletion, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, General Medicine, specific activity, Molecular biology, Batch Cell Culture Techniques, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Recombinant DNA, Specific activity, Expression cassette, Plasminogen activator, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; AIMS: A novel chimeric-truncated form of t-PA with improved fibrin affinity and resistance to PAI was successfully produced in CHO expression system during our previous studies. Considering advantages of prokaryotic expression systems, the aim in this study was to produce the novel protein in E.coli (BL21) strain and compare the protein potency in batch and fed-batch processes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The expression cassette for the novel t-PA was prepared in pET-28a(+). The E.coli expression procedure was compared in traditional batch and newly developed fed batch; EnBase® Flo system. The protein was purified in soluble format and potency results were identified using Chromolize t-PA assay kit. The fed-batch fermentation mode, coupled with a Ni-NTA affinity purification procedure under native condition resulted in higher amounts of soluble protein, and about a 30% of improvement in the specific activity of the resulted recombinant protein (46.66 IU mg(-1) ) compared to traditional batch mode (35.8 IU mg(-1) ). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the undeniable advantages of expression in the prokaryotic expression systems such as E.coli for recombinant protein production, applying alternative methods of cultivation is a promising approach. In this study, fed-batch cultivation methods showed the potential to replace miss folded formats of protein with proper folded, soluble form with improved potency. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: E.coli expression of recombinant proteins, still counts for nearly 40% of marketed biopharmaceuticals. The major drawback of this system is the lack of appropriate post translational modifications, which may cause potency loss/decline. Therefore, applying alternative methods of cultivation as investigated here is a promising approach to overcome potency decrease problem in this protein production system. © 2012The Authors Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
Published: 2012

50. Heterologous expression and optimization using experimental designs allowed highly efficient production of the PHY US417 phytase in Bacillus subtilis 168

Author: Samir Bejar, Kameleddine Bouchaala, Wacim Bejar, Mounira Ben Farhat, Ameny Farhat-Khemakhem, Radhouane Kammoun, Ines Boukhris, Emmanuelle Maguin, Hichem Chouayekh, Université de Sfax, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Tunisian Government (Contrat Programme CBS-LMB, project of Valorization of Research Results 'Overproduction, formulation and assessment of the efficiency of a novel thermostable phytase as feed additive in poultry diets'), CMCU project 'Chouayekh/Maguin' (2007-2009) [07G0922], AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This research was endorsed by the Tunisian Government (Contrat Programme CBS-LMB and the project of Valorization of Research Results 'Overproduction, formulation and assessment of the efficiency of a novel thermostable phytase as feed additive in poultry diets') as well as the CMCU project no 07G0922 'Chouayekh/Maguin' (2007-2009). The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Dr Thorsten Eggert, Mrs Rozenn Dervyn and Mr Amin Mrabet for their valuable collaboration. The authors would also like to thank Mr Maher Siala ELT supervisor and teacher of English at the Faculty of Sciences of Sfax for carefully proofreading the present paper., and Chouayekh, Hichem
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Original, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Cloning vector, Bacillus subtilis, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, law, 010608 biotechnology, Bacillus subtilis 168, Phytase, overexpression, multimeric DNA forms, experimental designs, thermostability, Yeast extract, 030304 developmental biology, Thermostability, 0303 health sciences, biology, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Recombinant DNA, Heterologous expression
Abstract: To attempt cost-effective production of US417 phytase in Bacillus subtilis, we developed an efficient system for its large-scale production in the generally recognized as safe microorganism B. subtilis 168. Hence, the phy US417 corresponding gene was cloned in the pMSP3535 vector, and for the first time for a plasmid carrying the pAMβ1 replication origin, multimeric forms of the resulting plasmid were used to transform naturally competent B. subtilis 168 cells. Subsequently, a sequential optimization strategy based on Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental designs was applied to enhance phytase production by the recombinant Bacillus. The maximum phytase activity of 47 U ml-1 was reached in the presence of 12.5 g l-1 of yeast extract and 15 g l-1 of ammonium sulphate with shaking at 300 rpm. This is 73 fold higher than the activity produced by the native US417 strain before optimization. Characterization of the produced recombinant phytase has revealed that the enzyme exhibited improved thermostability compared to the wild type PHY US417 phytase strengthening its potential for application as feed supplement. Together, our findings strongly suggest that the strategy herein developed combining heterologous expression using a cloning vector carrying the pAMβ1 replication origin and experimental designs optimization can be generalized for recombinant proteins production in Bacillus.
Published: 2012

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