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To enlarge the chemical diversity of Eurotium sp. SCSIO F452, a talented marine-derived fungus, we further investigated its chemical constituents from a large-scale fermentation with modified culture. Four pairs of new salicylaldehyde derivative enantiomers, euroticins F-I (1–4), as well as a known one eurotirumin (5) were isolated and characterized. Compound 1 features an unprecedented constructed 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic structures, while 2 and 3 represent two new types of 6/6/5 scaffolds. Their structures were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, X-ray diffraction, 13C NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Selected compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and moderate cytotoxic activities against SF-268, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549 cell lines.

Ochraceopetalin (1), a mixed-biogenetic salt compound and its component 2 were isolated from the culture broths of a marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis. Based on combined spectroscopic and chemical analyses, the structure of 1 was determined to be a sulfonated diphenylether-aminol-amino acid ester guanidinium salt of an unprecedented structural class, while 2 was determined to be the corresponding sulfonated diphenylether. Ochraceopetaguanidine (3), the other guanidine-bearing aminol amino acid ester component, was also prepared and structurally elucidated. Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against K562 and A549 cells.

Nickel contamination is a serious environmental issue that requires immediate action. In this study, 23 strains of Trichoderma were isolated from terrestrial and marine environments and identified using a polyphasic approach of morphological characterization and ITS gene sequence analysis. The Trichoderma strains were tested for their tolerance and biosorption of nickel. Our results showed the growth of all Trichoderma strains on Trichoderma Selective Medium (TSM) with 50–1200-ppm nickel, indicating their tolerance of this heavy metal even at a relatively high concentration. Six Trichoderma strains (three isolated from terrestrial substrates and three from marine substates) had the highest radial growth on TSM with 50-ppm Ni. Among these fungal isolates, Trichoderma asperellum (S03) isolated from soil exhibited the best growth after 2 days of incubation. For the biosorption of nickel, the accumulation or uptake efficiency by the six selected Trichoderma was determined in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) supplemented with 50-ppm Ni using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The percent uptake efficiency of the three strains of T. asperellum (S03, S08, and LL14) was computed to be up to 66%, while Trichoderma virens (SG18 and SF22) and Trichoderma inhamatum (MW25) achieved up to 68% uptake efficiency. Observation of the Trichoderma strains with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) before and after the absorption of nickel showed very minimal damage on the hyphal and conidial surface morphology, but changes in the colonial characteristics were observed. Our study highlighted the potential of terrestrial and marine strains of Trichoderma for the bioremediation of nickel pollution.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), that can be detected in a variety of environments including the human body, adversely affecting global health. Bioremediation is an emerging field for the detoxification and removal of environmental pollutants, with novel biocatalysts appropriate for this task being in high demand. In this study, a biobank of novel fungal strains isolated as symbionts of marine invertebrates was screened for their ability to remove 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB29). The most efficient strains were studied further for their ability to express laccase activity, the most commonly associated extracellular activity involved in the removal of aromatic pollutants and encoded in fungi by the enzymatic class of multicopper oxidases (MCOs). The strain expressing the highest laccase activity,Cladosporiumsp. TM138-S3, was cultivated in the presence of copper ions in a 12 L bioreactor and two enzymes exhibiting laccase activity were isolated from the culture broth through ion-exchange chromatography. The two enzymes, Lac1 and Lac2, were biochemically characterized and showed similar characteristics, although an improved ability to remove PCB29 (up to 71.2%) was observed for Lac2 in the presence of mediators. In parallel, we performed RNAseq of the strain growing in presence and absence of PCB29 and reconstructed its transcriptome assembly. Functional annotation allowed identifying the MCO repertoire of the fungus, consisting of 13 enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis of Ascomycete MCOs further allowed classifying these enzymes, revealing the diversity of laccase activities inCladosporiumsp. TM138-S3.

Six marine-derived fungi (Alternaria sp. D11, Alternaria sp. D21, Cadophora sp. D43, Cadophora luteo-olivacea D51, Phoma sp. K2BR, Phoma sp. K21) were isolated from the Cakalburnu Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea in Turkey. An effective method has been developed for marine-derived fungi isolation and laccase production of the fungi has been studied. This method consisted of immersing a sterile solid substrate containing lignin into the aquatic system under aseptic conditions and removing at the end of 10 days, isolation for laccase producing fungi of marine origin. The decolorization potential of the isolate Alternaria sp. D21 with the highest laccase activity was investigated for dyes containing azo, anthraquinone, triarylmethane and heterocyclic chemical classes. The decolorization rates were determined as 98% for Methyl orange, 93% for Acid green 3, 78% for Methylene blue, 71% for Remazol Brilliant Blue, 58% for Crystal violet, and 53% for Congo red after 144 h at 100 mg/L concentration of dyes. The ability of the marine-derived fungi to remove dyes of different chemical classes is also promising for waste containing mixtures of various pollutants. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [2017-FEN-037]; Ege University Scientific Research Projects Unit, Turkey, This work was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: 2017-FEN-037. We would like to thank Ege University Scientific Research Projects Unit, Turkey for financial support.

Background Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that the world is facing today. Several approaches have been taken, from physical and chemical methods to biotechnological strategies (e.g. the use of oxidoreductases). Oxidative enzymes from microorganisms offer eco-friendly, cost–effective processes amenable to biotechnological applications, such as in industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active cell-free supernatants of interest for dye decolorization. Results Following the screening of 20 fungal strains isolated from the harbors of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified that displayed laccase-like activities. Molecular-based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum, Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans. Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain (T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and so was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first undertaken to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, the culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator. Conclusions The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active cell-free supernatants from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic a seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. The culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 effectively decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.

International audience; High-throughput screening assays have been designed to identify compounds capable of inhibiting phenotypes involved in cancer aggressiveness. However, most studies used commercially available chemical libraries. This prompted us to explore natural products isolated from marine-derived fungi as a new source of molecules. In this study, we established a chemical library from 99 strains corresponding to 45 molecular operational taxonomic units and evaluated their anticancer activity against the MCF7 epithelial cancer cell line and its invasive stem cell-like MCF7-Sh-WISP2 counterpart. We identified the marine fungal Paradendryphiella salina PC 362H strain, isolated from the brown alga Pelvetia caniculata (PC), as one of the most promising fungi which produce active compounds. Further chemical and biological characterizations of the culture of the Paradendryphiella salina PC 362H strain identified (-)-hyalodendrin as the active secondary metabolite responsible for the cytotoxic activity of the crude extract. The antitumor activity of (-)-hyalodendrin was not only limited to the MCF7 cell lines, but also prominent on cancer cells with invasive phenotypes including colorectal cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy. Further investigations showed that treatment of MCF7-Sh-WISP2 cells with (-)-hyalodendrin induced changes in the phosphorylation status of p53 and altered expression of HSP60, HSP70 and PRAS40 proteins. Altogether, our study reveals that this uninvestigated marine fungal crude extract possesses a strong therapeutic potential against tumor cells with aggressive phenotypes and confirms that members of the epidithiodioxopiperazines are interesting fungal toxins with anticancer activities.

Marine-derived fungi are an important source of many valuable compounds with original structures and diverse physico-chemical properties. In this work, the metabolomic profile of a strain of Penicillium brevicompactum, recovered from a snakelocks sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata), was investigated through the parallel application of LC-ESI-HRMS, GC-MS, and NMR. Our strategy allowed the identification of mycophenolic acid, brevianamide A, and several compounds belonging to the thiosilvatins. Among the latter, five products are reported for the first time in this species. The main product of this series, cis-bis(methylthio)silvatin, was also tested for antiproliferative activity on both cancer and non-tumoral colon cell lines.

Phytases are widely used in human and animal nutrition, aquaculture, soil amendment, and in the production of lower myo-inositol phosphates for clinical purposes. Some of these applications, especially feed industry require robust enzymes. Since the marine environments are less studied compared to terrestrial environments, we evaluated the extracellular phytase activity of 110 marine derived filamentous fungal (MDFF) strains previously isolated from sponge and sediment samples of the Turkey. MDFF strains were qualitatively screened for their extracellular phytase activities andP. polonicumMF82 phytase was further characterized following partial purification. Optimum pH and temperature were determined as 5.5 and 60 degrees C respectively. A significant relative phytase activity was observed in the presence of urea and acetone. However, there was no phytase activity followed by the treatment with Triton X-100 and Tween 80. Characterization studies revealed thatP. polonicumMF82 phytase has superior properties for industrial use including wide pH and temperature range for activity, high optimum activity temperature, high thermal and pH stability, resistance to many enzyme inhibitors including various heavy metals, denaturants, detergents, proteases and organic solvents. Phytase extracellularly produced byP. polonicumMF82 strain presents a good candidate for commercial applications. This study demonstrates that the MDFF strains are prolific sources for phytase and presents the first report about the production and characterization of the phytase from a marine-derivedP. polonicumstrain., Ege University Scientific Projects FoundationsEge University [14-Fen-004]; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK); TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112T047], We gratefully acknowledge the support for this research by the Ege University Scientific Projects Foundations, Project No; 14-Fen-004.r This work was also supported in part by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) by providing scholarship to S. Orcun Kalkan with the 2211-C programme and Elif Bozcal was a scholar provided by TUBITAK research fund (Project No: 112T047).

In the last decades the increasing awareness by the scientific community of the importance to exploit natural resources for the finding of new bioactive products has stimulated a huge research activity concerning the marine biological resources, and advanced strategies have been developed for investigations on microbial metabolomics. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry represents a valuable technology in this respect. The present review considers general GC–MS approaches to be adopted in investigations on fungal metabolomics, and more particularly the outcomes concerning marine-derived strains of Aspergillus, representing the most widespread genus of Ascomycetes fungi reported from the sea.

Inflammation is a generalized, nonspecific, and beneficial host response of foreign challenge or tissue injury. However, prolonged inflammation is undesirable. It will cause loss function of involve organs, such as heat, pain redness, and swelling. Marine natural products have gained more and more attention due to their unique mechanism of anti-inflammatory action, and have considered a hotspot for anti-inflammatory drug development. Marine-derived fungi are promising sources of structurally unprecedented bioactive natural products. So far, a plethora of new secondary metabolites with anti-inflammatory activities from marine-derived fungi had been widely reported. This review covers 133 fungal metabolites described in the period of 2000 to 2018, including the structures and origins of these secondary metabolites.

Six new phenalenone derivatives (1&ndash, 6), along with five known compounds (7&ndash, 11) of the herqueinone class, were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. The absolute configurations of these compounds were assigned based on chemical modifications and their specific rotations. 4-Hydroxysclerodin (6) and an acetone adduct of a triketone (7) exhibited moderate anti-angiogenetic and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively, while ent-peniciherqueinone (1) and isoherqueinone (9) exhibited moderate abilities to induce adipogenesis without cytotoxicity.

From the green alga Cladophora sp. collected in Italy, the marine fungal strain A12 of Trichoderma citrinoviride was isolated, identified and characterized. LC-MS qTOF analysis was applied to perform a metabolic profile of the fungal culture. Chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods were used to isolate and characterize the major secondary metabolites produced by this strain in liquid culture. In particular, four known sorbicillinoids (trichodermanone C, spirosorbicillinol A, vertinolide and sorbicillin) were purified and identified, together with 2-phenylethanol and tyrosol. Moreover, metabolomic analysis allowed to detect small amounts of trichodimerol, rezishanone A, 2′,3′-dihydrosorbicillin and bisvertinol. For the first time a significant inhibitory effect on nitrite levels has been shown for trichodermanone C in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774A.1 macrophages.

The aim of this study was to perform bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of active substances against the aquatic pathogen Vibrio anguillarum from the fungus Aspergillus tubingensis SZX-6 associated with the crab Portunus trituberculatus. Based on the antibacterial activity against V. anguillarum, three compounds were isolated and purified from the culture broth of strain SZX-6 by sequential column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18. The isolated compounds were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis. They were methyl 6-acetyl-5,7,8-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-2-naphthoate (1), daidzein (2) and genistein (3). Compound 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against V. anguillarum (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.063 mg/mL). The obtained results could serve as a basis for further research towards design of active antibacterial agents against aquatic pathogens.

A chemical investigation of the marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium glabrum (SF-7123) revealed a new citromycetin (polyketide) derivative (1) and four known secondary fungal metabolites, i.e, neuchromenin (2), asterric acid (3), myxotrichin C (4), and deoxyfunicone (5). The structures of these metabolites were identified primarily by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data, including NMR and MS data. Results from the initial screening of anti-inflammatory effects showed that 2, 4, and 5 possessed inhibitory activity against the excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, with IC50 values of 2.7 &micro, M, 28.1 &micro, M, and 10.6 &micro, M, respectively. Compounds 2, 4, and 5 also inhibited the excessive production of NO, with IC50 values of 4.7 &micro, M, 41.5 &micro, M, and 40.1 &micro, M, respectively, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In addition, these compounds inhibited LPS-induced overproduction of prostaglandin E2 in both cellular models. Further investigation of the most active compound (2) revealed that these anti-inflammatory effects were associated with a suppressive effect on the over-expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Finally, we showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of compound 2 were mediated via the downregulation of inflammation-related pathways such as those dependent on nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in LPS-stimulated BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. In the evaluation of the inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds on protein tyrosine phosphate 1B (PTP1B) activity, compound 4 was identified as a noncompetitive inhibitor of PTP1B, with an IC50 value of 19.2 &micro, M, and compound 5 was shown to inhibit the activity of PTP1B, with an IC50 value of 24.3 &micro, M, by binding to the active site of the enzyme. Taken together, this study demonstrates the potential value of marine-derived fungal isolates as a bioresource for bioactive compounds.

Filamentous fungi possess the metabolic capacity to degrade environment organic matter, much of which is the plant and algae material enriched with the cell wall carbohydrates and polyphenol complexes that frequently can be assimilated by only marine fungi. As the most renewable energy feedstock on the Earth, the plant or algae polymeric substrates induce an expression of microbial extracellular enzymes that catalyze their cleaving up to the component sugars. However, the question of what the marine fungi contributes to the plant and algae material biotransformation processes has yet to be highlighted sufficiently. In this review, we summarized the potential of marine fungi alternatively to terrestrial fungi to produce the biotechnologically valuable extracellular enzymes in response to the plant and macroalgae polymeric substrates as sources of carbon for their bioconversion used for industries and bioremediation.

Four new indole-diterpene alkaloids asperindoles A&ndash, D (1&ndash, 4) and the known p-terphenyl derivative 3&Prime, hydroxyterphenyllin (5) were isolated from the marine-derived strain of the fungus Aspergillus sp., associated with an unidentified colonial ascidian. The structures of 1&ndash, 5 were established by 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of all stereocenters of 1&ndash, 4 were determined by the combination of ROESY data, coupling constants analysis, and biogenetic considerations. Asperindoles C and D contain a 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA) residue, rarely found in natural compounds. Asperindole A exhibits cytotoxic activity against hormone therapy-resistant PC-3 and 22Rv1, as well as hormone therapy-sensitive human prostate cancer cells, and induces apoptosis in these cells at low-micromolar concentrations.

A novel indole alkaloid, misszrtine A (1), was isolated from marine sponge-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO XWS03F03. The planar structure of 1 was assigned by analysis of spectroscopic data, the absolute configuration of which was unambiguously determined by total synthesis. Compound 1 represents the first example of N-isopentenyl tryptophan methyl ester with a phenylpropanoic amide arm, which exhibited a potent antagonistic activity on HL60 (IC50 = 3.1 μM) and LNCaP (IC50 = 4.9 μM) cell lines. Bioactivity evaluation reveals that functional group on indole nitrogen of 1 has a great effect on its cytotoxity, which provides a mean to probe the structure-activity relationships of 1.

Marine-derived fungi are a promising and untapped reservoir for discovering structurally interesting and pharmacologically active natural products. In our efforts to identify novel bioactive compounds from marine-derived fungi, four breviane spiroditerpenoids, including a new compound, brevione O (1), and three known compounds breviones I (2), J (3), and H (4), together with a known diketopiperazine alkaloid brevicompanine G (5), were isolated and identified from an ethyl acetate extract of the fermented rice substrate of the coral-derived fungus Penicillium sp. TJ403-1. The absolute structure of 1 was elucidated by HRESIMS, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data, and a comparison of its electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum with the literature. Moreover, we confirmed the absolute configuration of 5 by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity, and compound 2 showed significant inhibitory activities against HL-60, A-549, and HEP3B tumor cell lines with IC50 values of 4.92 ± 0.65, 8.60 ± 1.36, and 5.50 ± 0.67 µM, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Laccases are multicopper oxidases that are able to catalyze reactions involving a range of substrates, including phenols and amines, and this ability is related to the existence of different laccases. Basidiomycetes usually have more than one gene for laccase, but until now, this feature has not been demonstrated in a marine-derived fungus. Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063 is a basidiomycete fungus isolated from a marine sponge that exhibits the ability to secrete significant amounts of laccase in saline conditions. In the present study, we identified laccase sequences from the transcriptome of Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063 and used them to perform different molecular in silico analyses. The results revealed the presence of at least eight putative genes, which may encode ten different laccases with peptide lengths ranging from 482 to 588 aa and molecular weights ranging from 53.5 to 64.4 kDa. These laccases seem to perform extracellular activities, with the exception of one that may represent an intracellular laccase. The 10 predicted laccases expressed by Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063 in laccase-induced media showed different patterns of N-glycosylation and isoelectric points and are divided into two classes based on the residue associated with the regulation of the redox potential of the enzyme. None of the predicted laccases showed more than 61% similarity to other fungal laccases. Based on the differences among the laccases expressed by Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063, this marine-derived basidiomycete represents a valuable resource with strong potential for biotechnological exploitation. Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Instituto de Biociências-IB Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP, 24A, 1515 Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Instituto de Biociências-IB Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP, 24A, 1515 Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho CNPq: 159488/2014-1 FAPESP: 2013/19486-0 FAPESP: 2014/17950-4 FAPESP: 2016/07957-7

Objective To evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of crude ethyl acetate extracts of the culture of four marine-derived fungi Aspergillus similanensis KUFA 0013 (E1), Neosartorya paulistensis KUFC 7897 (E2), Neosartorya siamensis KUFA 0017 (E4) and Talaromyces trachyspermus KUFC 0021 (E3) on a panel of seven human cancer cell lines. Methods Effects on cell proliferation, induction of DNA damage and cell death were assessed by MTT and clonogenic assays, comet assay and nuclear condensation assay, respectively. Results The proliferation of HepG2, HCT116 and A375 cells decreased after incubation with the extracts E2 and E4. The anti-proliferative effect was confirmed by morphologic alterations and by clonogenic assay. Both extracts also induced cell death in HepG2 and HCT116 cells. Doxorubicin was used as a positive control and showed in vitro anticancer activity. Conclusions This study demonstrated, for the first time, that extracts of Neosartorya paulistensis and Neosartorya siamensis have selective anti-proliferative and cell death activities in HepG2, HCT16 and A375 cells. The bioactivity of these extracts suggests a potential for biotechnological applications and substantiates that both should be further considered for the elucidation of the molecular targets and signal transduction pathways involved.

Marine-derived fungi continue to be a prolific source of secondary metabolites showing diverse bioactivities. Terpenoids from marine-derived fungi exhibit wide structural diversity including numerous compounds with pronounced biological activities. In this review, we survey the last five years’ reports on terpenoidal metabolites from marine-derived fungi with particular attention on those showing marked biological activities.

Four new compounds were isolated from the Vietnamese marine sediment-derived fungus Aspergillus flocculosus, one aspyrone-related polyketide aspilactonol G (2), one meroterpenoid 12-epi-aspertetranone D (4), two drimane derivatives (7,9), together with five known metabolites (1,3,5,6,8,10). The structures of compounds 1&ndash, 10 were established by NMR and MS techniques. The absolute stereoconfigurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by a modified Mosher&rsquo, s method. The absolute configurations of compounds 4 and 7 were established by a combination of analysis of ROESY data and coupling constants as well as biogenetic considerations. Compounds 7 and 8 exhibited cytotoxic activity toward human prostate cancer 22Rv1, human breast cancer MCF-7, and murine neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cells.

In the course of studies on bioactive metabolites from marine fungi, a new 10-membered lactone, named penicillinolide A (1) was isolated from the organic extract of Penicillium sp. SF-5292 as a potential anti-inflammatory compound. The structure of penicillinolide A (1) was mainly determined by analysis of NMR and MS data and Mosher's method. Penicillinolide A (1) inhibited the production of NO and PGE(2) due to inhibition of the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Penicillinolide A (1) also reduced TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 production, and these anti-inflammatory effects were shown to be correlated with the suppression of the phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B-alpha, NF-kappa B nuclear translocation, and NF-kappa B DNA binding activity. In addition, using inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), a competitive inhibitor of HO activity, it was verified that the inhibitory effects of compound 1 on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-kappa B DNA binding activity were partially associated with HO-1 expression through Nrf2 nuclear translocation.

The properties of Trematosphaeria mangrovei laccase enzyme purified on Sephadex G-100 column were investigated. SDS-PAGE of the purified laccase enzyme showed a single band at 48 kDa. The pure laccase reached its maximal activity at temperature 65 � C, pH 4.0 with Km equal 1.4 mM and Vmax equal 184.84 U/mg protein. The substrate specificity of the purified laccase was greatly influ- enced by the nature and position of the substituted groups in the phenolic ring. The pure laccase was tested with some metal ions and inhibitors, FeSO4 completely inhibited laccase enzyme and also highly affected by (NaN3) at a concentration of 1 mM. Amino acid composition of the pure enzyme was also determined. Carbohydrate content of purified laccase enzyme was 23% of the enzyme sam- ple. The UV absorption spectra of the purified laccase enzyme showed a single peak at 260-280 nm. a 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

In recent years, a considerable number of structurally unique metabolites with biological and pharmacological activities have been isolated from the marine-derived fungi, such as polyketides, alkaloids, peptides, lactones, terpenoids and steroids. Some of these compounds have anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibiotic and cytotoxic properties. This review partially summarizes the new bioactive compounds from marine-derived fungi with classification according to the sources of fungi and their biological activities. Those fungi found from 2014 to the present are discussed.

Genel olarak, birçok endüstriyel enzim karasal organizmalardan elde edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, dünya yüzeyinin %70'ini kaplayan okyanusların içerdiği tuzluluk, yüksek basınç, düşük sıcaklık ve özel ışık koşulları, denizel mikroorganizmalar ve karasal türlerinden üretilen enzimler arasında önemli farklılıklar oluşturmaktadır. Karasal çevre ile karşılaştırıldığında, denizel çevre denizel mikroorganizmalara eşsiz genetik yapı ve yaşama alanı sağlamaktadır. Bu yüzden, denizel koşullara adapte olmuş fungus örneklerinden biyoteknolojide kullanılabilecek enzimlerin elde edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Ege ve Akdeniz Bölgesi'nden toplanan farklı sünger ve sediment örneklerinden izole edilmiş denizel türevli fungus izolatları ksilanaz enzimi üretme açısından taranmıştır. Toplamda 108 denizel türevli fungus izolattan 81 tanesinin (%75) tarama besiyerinde ksilanaz ürettiği belirlenmiştir. Tarama sonucunda en yüksek ksilanaz aktivitesine sahip olduğu belirlenen 4 izolatın (06SK019, 08SK014, 08ÇK001 ve 08SK016) ksilanaz üretimleri araştırılarak izolatların fermentasyon sonucu ürettikleri protein miktarı, enzim aktivitesi ve spesifik aktiviteleri hesaplanmış ve en iyi aktivite gösteren izolat Trichoderma pleuroticola 08ÇK001 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 08ÇK001 izolatı ile toplam hacim 1250 ml olacak şekilde fermentasyon yapılmış ve enzim amonyum sülfat çöktürmesi ve diyaliz ile kısmi enzim saflaştırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Diyaliz işleminden sonra ksilanaz enzimi 1195.5 U/mg spesifik aktivite ve %40.3 verim ile 2.3 kat saflaştırılmıştır. Enzimin optimum sıcaklığı 50°C, optimum pH'sı da 5.0 olarak belirlenmiştir. Enzim pH 5.0'de +4°C'de 1 saat boyunca aktivitesinin %53'ünü korurken, 50°'de 15 dakikalık inkübasyondan sonra aktivitesinin %18.1'ini koruyabilmiştir. K+, Ba+2 , Na+, β-merkaptoetanol, Triton X-100 ve toluen enzim aktivitesini arttırdığı, Fe+2, Ca+2, Co+2, Mn+2, PMFS, hekzan, etanol ve izoamilalkolün enzim aktivitesini azalttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile denizel türevli Trichoderma pleuroticola 08ÇK001 izolatından ksilanaz enzimi ksımen saflaştırılarak karakterize edilmiş olup, optimum pH ve sıcaklık değerleri ile inhibitör ve metal iyonlarına karşı gösterdiği direnç nedeniyle enzimin gıda ve hayvan yem endüstrisinde kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir., In general, several industrial enzymes are derived from terrestrial organisms. However, Oceans, covering 70% of the earth surface, include salinity, high pressure, low temperature and special lighting conditions contribute to the differences between enzymes produced by marine microorganisms and homologous enzymes from terrestrial microorganisms. When compared with the terrestrial environment, marine environment gives marine microorganisms unique genetic structure and life habitats. Therefore, obtaining enzymes that can be used in biotechnology from fungal samples adapted to marine conditions is of a great importance. In this study, marine-derived fungal isolates from different sponges and sediments samples from the Aeagean and the Mediterranean Region were screened in terms of xylanase production. In total, it was determined that 81 (75%) out of 108 isolates exhibited xylanase activity in an agar plate assay. As a result of screening, protein concentrations, enzyme activities and specific activities of four isolates showed the highest xylanase activity (06SK019, 08SK014, 08ÇK001 and 08SK016) were calculated and isolate with the highest xylanase activity was identified as Trichoderma pleuroticola 08ÇK001. Fermentation of 08ÇK001 was completed, with a working volume of 1250 ml, and partial purification of enzyme by ammonium sulphate precipitation was realized. Afer dialyses, xyalanse was purified 2.3-fold with a recovery of %40.3 and its specific activity was up to 1195.5 U/mg. Optimum temperature and pH values of enzyme were determined as 50°C and 5.0, respectively. Enzyme showed stability at pH 5.0 and 4°C temperature by retaining %53 of initial activity after an hour incubation, and it was retained its activity %18.1 at the end of 15 minutes. It was found that the activity of enzyme was stimulated by K+, Ba2+, Na+, β-mercaptoethanol, Triton X-100 and toluene, but was inhibited Fe2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+, PMFS, hexane, ethanol and isoamyl alcohol. In this study, xylanase from marine-derived fungus isolate Trichoderma pleuroticola 08ÇK001 was partially purified and characterized, because of its optimal pH and temperature values as well as its resistance to inhibitors and metal ions tested, it is thought that enzyme has a potantial for being used in food and animal feed indusrty.

Background: The crude ethyl acetate extracts of marine-derived fungi Neosartorya tsunodae KUFC 9213 (E1) and N. laciniosa KUFC 7896 (E2), and soil fungus N. fischeri KUFC 6344 (E3) were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities on a panel of seven human cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed, after 48 h treatments with different concentrations of extracts, to determine their concentration of the extract or Dox that inhibits cell viability by 50% for each cell line. The effects of the crude extracts on DNA damage, clonogenic potential and their ability to induce cell death were also assessed. Results: E1 was found to the void of anti-proliferative effects. E2 was shown to decrease the clonogenic potential in human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116), human malignant melanoma cell line (A375), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7), and human caucasian colon adenocarcinoma Grade II cell line (HT29) cells, whereas E3 showed such effect only in HCT116 and MCF7 cells. Both extracts were found to increase DNA damage in some cell lines. E2 was found to induce cell death in HT29, HCT116, MCF7, and A375 cells while extract E3 increased cell death in MCF7 and HCT116 cell lines. Conclusion: The results reveal that E2 and E3 possess anticancer activities in human colon carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, and melanoma cells, validating the interest for an identification of molecular targets involved in the anticancer activity. SUMMARY The crude ethyl acetate extract of N. tsunodae (E1) did not decrease cell viability in any of the tested cell linesThe crude ethyl acetate extracts of N. laciniosa (E2) and N. fischeri (E3) decreased cell proliferation in some human cancer cell lines tested at both short- and long-termN. laciniosa (E2) induced a significant increase in the number of cell death, in part, due to the induction of DNA damageN. fischeri (E3) induce cell death but in some cell lines without induction of DNA damage detected by comet assayCrude ethyl extracts of N. laciniosa (E2) and N. fischeri (E3) exert an anticancer activity in human colon carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, and malignant melanoma cells. Abbreviations Used: A375: Human malignant melanoma cell line; A549: Human non-small lung cancer cell line; DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide; Dox: Doxorubicin; E1: Neosartorya tsunodae KUFC 9213; E2: Neosartorya laciniosa KUFC 7896; E3: Neosartorya fischeri KUFC 6344; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; HCT116: Human colorectal carcinoma cell line; HEPES: (N-[2-hydroxyethyl] piperazine-N’-[2-ethane-sulfonic acid]); HepG2: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line; HT29: Human caucasian colon adenocarcinoma Grade II cell line; IC50: Concentration of the extract or Dox that inhibits cell viability by 50%; MCF7: Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line; MEM: Minimum Essential Medium Eagle; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NCI-H460: Human non-small lung cancer cell line; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; PE: Plating efficiency; RPMI: Roswell park memorial institute medium; SF: Surviving fraction; U-251: Human malignant glioblastoma cell line.

Denizel funguslar karasal habitatların yanında, sedimentler, algler, süngerler ve mangrove ormanları gibi çok çeşitli denizel habitatlardan da izole edilirler. Bu denizel habitatlardan izole edilen denizel funguslar, yeni ve farklı enzimler, sekonder metabolitler, biyolojik aktivitesi olan doğal bileşikler ve biyoçeşitlilik açısından zengin birer kaynak oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, biyoteknolojik açıdan önemli özelliklere sahip olduklarından dolayı, denizel funguslar ile ilgili çalışmalar artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Mersin kıyılarındaki bir süngerden (Axinella sp.) izole edilen Aspergillus MF44 suşunun tür tanımlaması için moleküler ve fenotipik testler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda izolatın yeni tür olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Aspergillus MF44 izolatının ekstraselüler fitaz enzimi ürettiği belirlenerek fermantasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Fitaz enzimi %80 aseton çöktürmesi ile kısmi enzim saflaştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. % 80 aseton çöktürme işleminden sonra fitaz enzimi 38,4 U/mg spesifik aktivitesi, 45,6 verim ile 2,5 kat saflaştırılmıştır. Enzimin optimum sıcaklığı 90°C ve optimum pH'sı da 5,0 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fitaz enziminin 90°C ̓de 1 saat sonunda aktivitesinin %69' unu koruduğu belirlenmiştir. Fe+2, Ca+2, Co+2, PMSF, β-merkaptoetanol, hekzanın enzim aktivitesini azalttığı bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma ile fitaz enzimi kısmi saflaştırılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Bu özelliklerin belirlenmesi ile endüstriyel üretim için önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir., Besides the terrestrial habitats of marine fungi, sediment, algae, sponges and mangrove forests as they are very isolated from various marine habitats. This marine fungi isolated from marine habitats, new and different enzymes, secondary metabolites, constitute a rich source of natural compounds with biological activity and biodiversity. Futhermore, because of they are important features of biotechnological terms, increasing studies on marine fungi. In this study, strain of Aspergillus MF44, which isolated from a sponge in Mersin coast, were performed molecular and phenotypic tests for identifying species. As a result of this study is thought to be a new species isolates. Aspergillus MF44 isolate were determined that produced extracellular phytase enzyme, were made fermantation studies. Partial purification of the enzyme phytase enzyme with 80% acetone precipitation was carried out. After the 80% acetone precipitation, phytase was purified 2.5-fold with a recovery of %45,6 and its specific activity was up to 38,4 U/mg. Optimum temperature and pH values of enzyme were determined as 90°C and 5,0, respectively. It is determined that the phytase enzyme remained its activity of %69 at 90°C and end of the 1 hour. Fe+2, Ca+2, Co+2, PMSF, β-merkaptoetanol, hexane was found to reduce the enzyme activity. Phytase enzyme was partially purified and characterized with this study. Determination of these properties and have been found to have significant potential for industrial production.

Terpenes from marine-derived fungi show a pronounced degree of structural diversity, and due to their interesting biological and pharmacological properties many of them have aroused interest from synthetic chemists and the pharmaceutical industry alike. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the structural diversity of terpenes from marine-derived fungi, highlighting individual examples of chemical structures and placing them in a context of other terpenes of fungal origin. Wherever possible, information regarding the biological activity is presented.

Thirty-one isolates belonging to eight genera in seven orders were identified from 141 strains that were isolated from several marine plants. Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. were found to be the predominant fungi. Evaluation of the anti-phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal activities, as well as the cytotoxicity of these 31 extracts, revealed that most of them displayed different levels of bioactivities. Due to their interesting bioactivities, two fungal strains—Fusarium equiseti (P18) and Alternaria sp. (P8)—were selected for chemical investigation and compounds 1–4 were obtained. The structure of 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analysis, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), and the absolute configuration of its stereogenic carbon (C-11) was established by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular-dichroism (ECD) spectra. Moreover, alterperylenol (4) exhibited antibacterial activity against Clavibacter michiganensis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.95 μg/mL, which was 2-fold stronger than that of streptomycin sulfate. Additionally, an antibacterial mechanism study revealed that 4 caused membrane hyperpolarization without evidence of destruction of cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, stemphyperylenol (3) displayed potent antifungal activity against Pestallozzia theae and Alternaria brassicicola with MIC values equal to those of carbendazim. The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 against human lung carcinoma (A-549), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), and human hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines were also evaluated.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:40:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-05-01 In the present study, the biotechnological potential of the marine-derived fungus Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063 was investigated in relation to Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye decolorization and degradation using an integrated statistical design composed of Plackett-Burman design (P&B), central composite design (CCD), and response surface methodology (RSM). RB5 dye was effectively decolorized (94 %) in saline conditions, without any detection of mutagenic compounds, and simultaneously, 57 % of total organic carbon (TOC) was removed in 7 days. The activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP) was not detected during the process. The gene expression of laccase (Lac) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzymes produced during the process was evaluated, and results from this experiment coupled with LC-MS analyses revealed that in the early stage of dye decolorization, a higher MnP gene expression and significant enzymatic activity was detected in Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063 with the formation of p-Base and TAHNDS compounds. This paper reports innovative data related to the textile dye decolorization by the marine-derived basidiomycete Peniophora sp. CBMAI 1063, showing the metabolites formed and enzymatic action throughout the process in saline condition. The strategy used showed to be an efficient statistical approach that provides an attractive solution for the screening and simultaneous optimization of the degradation process. Divisão de Recursos Microbianos Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas Biológicas e Agrícolas Universidade Estadual de Campinas Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia - IB Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre Limerick Institute of Technology Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Present address: Instituto Latino Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana - Unila Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia - IB Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Departamento de Biologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T13:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-10. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-22T09:52:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000352554600001.pdf: 1118395 bytes, checksum: 70c7a91dc67371d61cddaa5be88b73bc (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The ocean is considered to be a great reservoir of biodiversity. Microbial communities in marine environments are ecologically relevant as intermediaries of energy, and play an important role in nutrient regeneration cycles as decomposers of dead and decaying organic matter. In this sense, marine-derived fungi can be considered as a source of enzymes of industrial and/or environmental interest. Fungal strains isolated from different substrates, such as invertebrates, decaying wood, seawater, sediments, and mangrove detritus, have been reported to be producers of hydrolytic and/or oxidative enzymes, with alginate lyase, amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucosidase, inulinase, keratinase, ligninase, lipase, nuclease, phytase, protease, and xylanase being among the enzymes produced by fungi of marine origin. These enzymes present temperature and pH optima ranging from 35 to 70 degrees C, and 3.0 to 11.0, respectively. High-level production in bioreactors is mainly performed using submerged-state fermentation. Certain marine-derived fungal strains present enzymes with alkaline and cold-activity characteristics, and salinity is considered an important condition in screening and production processes. The adaptability of marine-derived fungi to oceanic conditions can be considered an attractive point in the field of fungal marine biotechnology. In this review, we focus on the advances in discovering enzymes from marine-derived fungi and their biotechnological relevance. Instituto Latino Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Paraná, Brazil Divisão de Recursos Microbianos, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Paulínia, Brazil Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Laboratório de Micologia Ambiental e Industrial, Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/19486-0 FAPESP: 2013/08617-7 CNPq: 304103/2013-6 CNPq: 301248/2010-9 FAPESP: 2009/18399-1 FAPESP: 2011/18769-3 FAPESP: 2008/06720-7 FAPESP: 2012/12622-3 FAPESP: 2013/12505-0 FAPESP: 2014/12430-2 CNPq: 159488/2014 FAPESP 2013/00286-1

The marine sponge-derived fungus Auxarthron reticulatum produces the cannabinoid receptor antagonist amauromine (1). Recultivation of the fungus to obtain further amounts for more detailed pharmacological evaluation of 1 additionally yielded the novel triterpene glycoside auxarthonoside (2), bearing, in nature, a rather rare sugar moiety, i.e., N-acetyl-6-methoxy-glucosamine. Amauromine (1), which inhibited cannabinoid CB1 receptors (Ki0.178µM) also showed antagonistic activity at the cannabinoid-like orphan receptor GPR18 (IC50 3.74µM). The diketopiperazine 1 may thus serve as a lead structure for the development of more potent and selective GPR18 antagonists, which are required to study the orphan receptor's potential as a new drug target. Despite the execution of many biological assays, to date, no bioactivity could be found for auxarthonoside (2). © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Fungi play a major role in various biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, fungi in marine environments remain to be one of the most under-studied microbial groups. This study investigates the diversity of planktonic fungi from the coastal habitat off Pearl River Delta (China) using culture-dependent approach. A total of 22 fungi and 9 yeast isolates were recovered from 30 seawater and 2 sediment samples. Microscopic and ITS rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that most of the fungi belonged to the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota with a very small percentage (3%) of the subphylum Mucoromycotina of the Phylum Zygomycota. Most of these fungal isolates exhibited considerable production of extracellular enzymes, cellulase, lipase and laccase. Fungal isolates of two genera Mucor and Aspergillus sp. demonstrated pelletization capability over a wide range of pH, suggesting them as potential agents towards algae harvesting and wastewater treatment.

A new meroditerpene, sartorypyrone C (5), was isolated, together with the known tryptoquivalines L (1a), H (1b), F (1c), 3′-(4-oxoquinazolin-3-yl) spiro [1H-indole-3,5′]-2,2′-dione (2) and 4(3H)-quinazolinone (3), from the culture of the marine sponge-associated fungus Neosartorya paulistensis (KUFC 7897), while reexamination of the fractions remaining from a previous study of the culture of the diseased coral-derived fungus N. laciniosa (KUFC 7896) led to isolation of a new tryptoquivaline derivative tryptoquivaline T (1d). Compounds 1a–d, 2, 3, and 5, together with aszonapyrones A (4a) and B (4b), chevalones B (6) and C (7a), sartorypyrones B (7b) and A (8), were tested for their antibacterial activity against four reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as well as the environmental multidrug-resistant isolates. Only aszonapyrone A (4a) and sartorypyrone A (8) exhibited significant antibacterial activity as well as synergism with antibiotics against the Gram-positive multidrug-resistant strains. Antibiofilm assays of aszonapyrone A (4a) and sartorypyrone A (8) showed that practically no biofilm was formed in the presence of their 2× MIC and MIC. However, the presence of a sub-inhibitory concentration of ½ MIC of 4a and 8 was found to increase the biofilm production in both reference strain and the multidrug-resistant isolates of S. aureus.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a major role in the negative regulation of insulin signaling, and is thus considered as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes. Bioassay-guided investigation of the methylethylketone extract of marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. JF-55 cultures afforded a new PTP1B inhibitory styrylpyrone-type metabolite named penstyrylpyrone (1), and two known metabolites, anhydrofulvic acid (2) and citromycetin (3). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited PTP1B activity in a dose-dependent manner, and kinetic analyses of PTP1B inhibition suggested that these compounds inhibited PTP1B activity in a competitive manner. In an effort to gain more biological potential of the isolated compounds, the anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1-3 were also evaluated. Among the tested compounds, only compound 1 inhibited the production of NO and PGE(2), due to the inhibition of the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Penstyrylpyrone (1) also reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production, and these anti-inflammatory effects were shown to be correlated with the suppression of the phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B-alpha, NF-kappa B nuclear translocation, and NF-kappa B DNA binding activity. In addition, using inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), an inhibitor of HO-1, it was verified that the inhibitory effects of penstyrylpyrone (1) on the pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-kappa B DNA binding activity were associated with the HO-1 expression. Therefore, these results suggest that penstyrylpyrone (1) suppresses PTP1B activity, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory mediators via NF-kappa B pathway, through expression of anti-inflammatory HO-1.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:57:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf: 824135 bytes, checksum: 025b07c2b5fb8d21d0ff45ee59aa142b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf: 824135 bytes, checksum: 025b07c2b5fb8d21d0ff45ee59aa142b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:52:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf: 824135 bytes, checksum: 025b07c2b5fb8d21d0ff45ee59aa142b (MD5) S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf.txt: 50825 bytes, checksum: 16e60e550abb63439cb5f12306d4aaac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:56:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf: 824135 bytes, checksum: 025b07c2b5fb8d21d0ff45ee59aa142b (MD5) S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf.txt: 50825 bytes, checksum: 16e60e550abb63439cb5f12306d4aaac (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf: 824135 bytes, checksum: 025b07c2b5fb8d21d0ff45ee59aa142b (MD5) S0102-695X2012000200003.pdf.txt: 50825 bytes, checksum: 16e60e550abb63439cb5f12306d4aaac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In the present investigation we evaluate methods for the isolation and growth of marine-derived fungal strains in artificial media for the production of secondary metabolites. Inoculation of marine macroorganisms fragments in Petri dishes proved to be the most convenient procedure for the isolation of the largest number of strains. Among the growth media used, 3% malt extract showed the best result for strains isolation and growth, and yielded the largest number of strains from marine macroorganisms. The percentage of strains isolated using each of the growth media which yielded cytotoxic and/or antibiotic extracts was in the range of 23-35%, regardless of the growth media used. Further investigation of extracts obtained from different marine-derived fungal strains yielded several bioactive secondary metabolites, among which (E)-4-methoxy-5-(3-methoxybut-1-enyl)-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is a new metabolite isolated from the Penicillium paxilli strain Ma(G)K. Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba Departamento de Diagnóstico Oral Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia FAPESP: 10/50190-2 FAPESP: 05/60175-2

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:48:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-40422008000500030.pdf: 128031 bytes, checksum: 364a0b8e7522920f7d669b2e293d6399 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-40422008000500030.pdf: 128031 bytes, checksum: 364a0b8e7522920f7d669b2e293d6399 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:38:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422008000500030.pdf: 128031 bytes, checksum: 364a0b8e7522920f7d669b2e293d6399 (MD5) S0100-40422008000500030.pdf.txt: 41358 bytes, checksum: 172a45810dd4c57e4d49eaada1700ca1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T14:17:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422008000500030.pdf: 128031 bytes, checksum: 364a0b8e7522920f7d669b2e293d6399 (MD5) S0100-40422008000500030.pdf.txt: 41358 bytes, checksum: 172a45810dd4c57e4d49eaada1700ca1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T14:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-40422008000500030.pdf: 128031 bytes, checksum: 364a0b8e7522920f7d669b2e293d6399 (MD5) S0100-40422008000500030.pdf.txt: 41358 bytes, checksum: 172a45810dd4c57e4d49eaada1700ca1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-01 NIH (National Institutes of Health) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Extracts obtained from 57 marine-derived fungal strains were analyzed by HPLC-PDA, TLC and ¹H NMR. The analyses showed that the growth conditions affected the chemical profile of crude extracts. Furthermore, the majority of fungal strains which produced either bioactive of chemically distinctive crude extracts have been isolated from sediments or marine algae. The chemical investigation of the antimycobacterial and cytotoxic crude extract obtained from two strains of the fungus Beauveria felina have yielded cyclodepsipeptides related to destruxins. The present approach constitutes a valuable tool for the selection of fungal strains that produce chemically interesting or biologically active secondary metabolites. Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Química de São Carlos Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Estudos Ambientais Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa Centro de Biologia Ambiental Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (Microbiologia) Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Instituto Butantan Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Física de São Carlos Universidade Estadual de Campinas Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas Divisão de Recursos Microbianos Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Estudos Ambientais

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-12-01 Marine-derived fungi have been reported as relevant producers of enzymes, which can have different properties in comparison with their terrestrial counterparts. The aim of the present study was to select from a collection of 493 marine-derived fungi the best producer of xylanase in order to evaluate the enzymatic production under different conditions. A total of 112 isolates produced xylanase in solid medium containing xylan as the carbon source, with 31 of them able to produce at least 10 U/mL of the enzyme. The best production (49.41 U/mL) was achieved by the strain LAMAI 31, identified as Aspergillus cf. tubingensis. After confirming the lack of pathogenicity (absence of ochratoxin A and fumonisin B2 production) this fungus was submitted to the experimental design in order to evaluate the effect of different variables on the enzymatic production, with the aim of optimizing culture conditions. Three experimental designs (two Plackett–Burman and one factorial fractional) were applied. The best condition for the enzymatic production was defined, resulting in an increase of 12.7 times in comparison with the initial production during the screening experiments. In the validation assay, the peak of xylanase production (561.59 U/mL) was obtained after 96 h of incubation, being the best specific activity achieved after 72 h of incubation. Xylanase from A. cf. tubingensis LAMAI 31 had optimum pH and temperature at 5.0 and 55 °C, respectively, and was shown to be stable at a range of 40–50 °C, and in pH from 3.6 to 7.0. Results from the present work indicate that A. cf. tubingensis LAMAI 31 can be considered as a new genetic resource for xylanase production. Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, 24A, 1515 Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos—ITAL Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, 24A, 1515

Chlorophenols (CPs) are environmental pollutants that are produced through various anthropogenic activities and introduced in the environment. Living organisms, including humans, are exposed to these toxic xenobiotics and suffer from adverse health effects. More specifically, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is released in high amounts in the environment and has been listed as a priority pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Bioremediation has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional remediation methods for the detoxification of phenolic compounds. In this work, we studied the potential of fungal strains isolated as symbionts of marine invertebrates from the underexplored mesophotic coral ecosystems. Hence, the unspecific metabolic pathways of these fungal strains are being explored in the present study, using the powerful analytical capabilities of a UHPLC-HRMS/MS. The newly identified 2,4-DCP metabolites add significantly to the knowledge of the transformation of such pollutants by fungi, since such reports are scarce.