1. Towards Deciphering the Fetal Foundation of Normal Cognition and Cognitive Symptoms From Sulcation of the Cortex
- Author
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Arnaud Cachia, Grégoire Borst, Renaud Jardri, Armin Raznahan, Graham K. Murray, Jean-François Mangin, Marion Plaze, Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de psychologie du développement et de l'éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ - UMR 8240), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Unité Baobab (BAOBAB), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Building large instruments for neuroimaging: from population imaging to ultra-high magnetic fields (BAOBAB), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Murray, Graham [0000-0001-8296-1742], and Université Paris Cité, Equipe HAL
- Subjects
Neurodevelopment ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Context (language use) ,Review ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,[SCCO]Cognitive science ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuroimaging ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Psychology ,Sulcation ,Gyrification ,Spatial organization ,030304 developmental biology ,Psychiatry ,0303 health sciences ,QM1-695 ,Cognition ,[SCCO] Cognitive science ,medicine.disease ,stomatognathic diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Cerebral cortex ,Schizophrenia ,Human anatomy ,Anatomy ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RC321-571 ,MRI - Abstract
International audience; Growing evidence supports that prenatal processes play an important role for cognitive ability in normal and clinical conditions. In this context, several neuroimaging studies searched for features in postnatal life that could serve as a proxy for earlier developmental events. A very interesting candidate is the sulcal, or sulco-gyral, patterns, macroscopic features of the cortex anatomy related to the fold topology—e.g., continuous vs. interrupted/broken fold, present vs. absent fold-or their spatial organization. Indeed, as opposed to quantitative features of the cortical sheet (e.g., thickness, surface area or curvature) taking decades to reach the levels measured in adult, the qualitative sulcal patterns are mainly determined before birth and stable across the lifespan. The sulcal patterns therefore offer a window on the fetal constraints on specific brain areas on cognitive abilities and clinical symptoms that manifest later in life. After a global review of the cerebral cortex sulcation, its mechanisms, its ontogenesis along with methodological issues on how to measure the sulcal patterns, we present a selection of studies illustrating that analysis of the sulcal patterns can provide information on prenatal dispositions to cognition (with a focus on cognitive control and academic abilities) and cognitive symptoms (with a focus on schizophrenia and bipolar disorders). Finally, perspectives of sulcal studies are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
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