1. Evaluating microbiome-directed fibre snacks in gnotobiotic mice and humans
- Author
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Sophie Vinoy, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Kyleigh Kirbach, Andrew C. Heath, Bernard Henrissat, Chandani Desai, Juan Jose Castillo, Ruteja A. Barve, Omar Delannoy-Bruno, Arjun S. Raman, Robert Y. Chen, David K. Hayashi, Andrei L. Osterman, Semen A. Leyn, Nathan D. Han, Jiye Cheng, Matthew C. Hibberd, Dmitry A. Rodionov, Alexandra Meynier, Garret Couture, Vincent Lombard, Tara Wilmot, Samuel Klein, Michael J. Barratt, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Dietary Fiber ,Male ,Proteome ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Disease ,Overweight ,MESH: Bacteroides ,Inbred C57BL ,Cardiovascular ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Feces ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Blood Proteins ,Bacteroides ,MESH: Obesity ,MESH: Animals ,Food science ,Cancer ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,MESH: Middle Aged ,Human studies ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,MESH: Feces ,Blood Proteins ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Stroke ,MESH: Proteome ,MESH: Young Adult ,Female ,Zero Hunger ,medicine.symptom ,MESH: Snacks ,Adult ,Adolescent ,General Science & Technology ,Biology ,MESH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Controlled diets ,MESH: Germ-Free Life ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Germ-Free Life ,Microbiome ,Obesity ,MESH: Overweight ,MESH: Mice ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Nutrition ,MESH: Adolescent ,MESH: Humans ,Prevention ,Dietary fibre ,MESH: Adult ,medicine.disease ,MESH: Male ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,030104 developmental biology ,MESH: Dietary Fiber ,Snacks ,MESH: Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Changing food preferences brought about by westernization that have deleterious health effects1,2—combined with myriad forces that are contributing to increased food insecurity—are catalysing efforts to identify more nutritious and affordable foods3. Consumption of dietary fibre can help to prevent cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity4–6. A substantial number of reports have explored the effects of dietary fibre on the gut microbial community7–9. However, the microbiome is complex, dynamic and exhibits considerable intra- and interpersonal variation in its composition and functions. The large number of potential interactions between the components of the microbiome makes it challenging to define the mechanisms by which food ingredients affect community properties. Here we address the question of how foods containing different fibre preparations can be designed to alter functions associated with specific components of the microbiome. Because a marked increase in snack consumption is associated with westernization, we formulated snack prototypes using plant fibres from different sustainable sources that targeted distinct features of the gut microbiomes of individuals with obesity when transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. We used these snacks to supplement controlled diets that were consumed by adult individuals with obesity or who were overweight. Fibre-specific changes in their microbiomes were linked to changes in their plasma proteomes indicative of an altered physiological state. Fibre snacks that target distinct features of the microbiomes of donors with obesity transplanted into gnotobiotic mice also lead to fibre-specific changes in the microbiome and physiology when used in controlled-diet human studies.
- Published
- 2021