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Objetivos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar la caracterización inmunohistoquímica de Ki-67, CD34, y E-cadherina en el Queratoquiste Odontogénico (QO) Métodos. Estudio transversal, observacional y analítico en el que se incluirán 16 casos de QO pertenecientes a un laboratorio de referencia de diagnóstico de patología bucal. La técnica de inmunohistoquímica se realizará en el laboratorio de Patología Molecular Estomatológica de la Universidad de la Republica Uruguay por medio de los anticuerpos primarios monoclonales anti-Ki-67 (1:50/BIOCARE), anti-E-cadherina (1:50/BIOCARE) y anti-CD34 (1:50/Dako). La expresión de los inmunomarcadores se cuantificará mediante microscopia óptica. Resultados esperados. Se identifiquen diferencias en la proporción, intensidad y localización de la expresión de Ki-67, E-cadherina y CD34 entre los diferentes QO, observando que la mayor intensidad y proporción de expresión de Ki -67 y E-cadherina se presenten en los estratos basal y suprabasal del revestimiento epitelial, con un aumento en el índice de micro densidad vascular en aquellos casos con infiltrado inflamatorio.

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El interés y la necesidad de estudiar las células madre en terapias regenerativas han aumentado en los últimos años debido a su capacidad de proliferación y diferenciación hacia múltiples linajes. Desafortunadamente, el número de células demandado para un trasplante satisfactorio es mayor al que se logra extraer directamente del paciente, por lo que se deben realizar cultivos in vitro de células madre. Sin embargo, con el tiempo las células de estos cultivos se vuelven senescentes, disminuyendo así su número de divisiones celulares y su capacidad proliferativa. Para solucionar esta problemática se han propuesto factores de crecimiento como agentes potenciadores de la proliferación celular. Entre estos se encuentra el factor de crecimiento fibroblástico 2, que al agregarse al medio podría promover la proliferación y aumentar el tiempo de vida de las células en cultivo. En la siguiente revisión se recopila información sobre la biología de este factor de crecimiento y el tipo de señalización que utiliza, al igual que sus aplicaciones en terapia regenerativa y su efecto en la proliferación celular y senescencia.

For years, much of the advances in medicine and pharmacology have focused on the study of intracellular signaling pathways, giving into a better understanding of the pathologies and formulation of new therapeutic and diagnostic options. This article seeks to provide a synthetic and practical explanation about the function of the main intracellular signaling pathways, exemplifying the importance of each of these through the pathophysiological explanation of various diseases in which there is a prominent role. Among the signaling pathways treated in this work are those activated by protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatodylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), the tyrosine kinase (TK) family, the Ras superfamily, as well as the MAPK pathway. In addition, other components of importance for signaling pathways are addressed, such as the ubiquitin-proteosome system, integrins, as well as cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and other cell cycle regulators. Some of the diseases treated within the text are diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, various cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, nephrotic syndrome, etc., which are diseases of great relevance in current medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. Se ha demostrado que el caseinato de sodio y sus componentes (caseínas α, β y κ) inhiben la proliferación de la línea celular hematopoyética de ratón 32D clone 3 (32Dcl3) e inducen su diferenciación hacia macrófagos. Se sabe que la caseína α induce la producción de IL-1β y que esta última citocina inhibe la proliferación celular mediante la producción del factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α), pero se desconoce si el caseinato de sodio y las caseínas inducen la producción de TNF y si este es el responsable de la inhibición de la proliferación. Objetivo. Evaluar si el caseinato de sodio y las caseínas α, β y κ inhiben la proliferación de la línea celular 32Dcl3 mediante la producción de TNF-α. Materiales y métodos. Se usaron diferentes concentraciones de caseinato de sodio y de las caseínas α, β y κ en las células 32Dcl3. Posteriormente, se evaluaron la viabilidad celular mediante una prueba con el MTT [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-ilo)-2,5-difeniltetrazol], la inducción de apoptosis con la citometría de flujo y la síntesis del TNF-α con el ELISA. Además, se hicieron pruebas de neutralización con anti-TNF-α en células 32Dcl3 tratadas con caseinato de sodio y caseína α, y se evaluó la proliferación celular. Resultados. Se encontró que el caseinato de sodio y las caseínas α, β y κ reducían la proliferación de la línea celular 32Dcl3 sin afectar la viabilidad, y que solo el caseinato y la caseína α inducían la apoptosis y la liberación al medio de TNF-α. La proliferación de células 32Dcl3 tratadas con caseinato y caseína α se restableció al usar anticuerpos anti-TNF-α. Conclusión. El TNF-α fue el principal responsable de la inhibición de la proliferación en las células 32Dcl3 tratadas con caseinato de sodio o caseína α.

Procesos oncogénicos como proliferación incontrolable, resistencia apoptótica, aumento de mecanismos angiogénicos y evasión inmune son regulados generalmente por factores de transcripción, como HIF-1. Por tanto, se ha señalado a esta molécula como un blanco terapéutico prometedor. Para explorar esta posibilidad, un oligonucleótido tipo “señuelo” dirigido a HIF-1α (ODN) fue diseñado para evaluar su eficiencia en esquema tanto monoterapéutico, como en combinación con dos agentes quimioterapéuticos en un modelo in vitro de cáncer de seno. Después de comprobar, mediante citometría de flujo e inmunofluorescencia, la localización del blanco, el señuelo fue transfectado en la línea celular MDA-MB-231. Se estableció la IC-50 de HIF-1α ODN, Cisplatino y Taxol con el método de Resazurina. Mecanismos de muerte celular fueron evaluados con el método de TUNEL. Por último, se estableció el índice de combinación (IC) de cada uno de los quimio-agentes en combinación con el ODN. Se evidencio que HIF-1α ODN causa un efecto citotóxico en MDA-MB-231 de hasta un 90% hacia las 72h pos-tratamiento. Este efecto no se observa tanto en los controles del ensayo, como en el cultivo primario de células no tumorales (FIBRO), siendo este agente altamente selectivo hacia células tumorales, al activar mecanismos pro-apoptóticos. A su vez, HIF-1α ODN potencializa la actividad tumorogénica de Cisplatino y Taxol en la línea celular tumoral. Por tanto, HIF-1α ODN demostró tener actividad selectiva potencialmente antitumoral, al disminuir la proliferación celular e inducir apoptosis; optimizando de forma sinérgica, la eficacia de fármacos quimioterapéuticos de alto espectro, en tratamientos combinados.

BACKGROUND: Skin reactions secondary to tattoos are relatively frequent and have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The most common complication is the lichenoid reaction, whose treatment in a number of times ends up being discouraging. Currently, there is scientific evidence that suggests the use of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins in the treatment of lichen planus, but there are no reports in which heparin derivatives have been used topically in lichenoid reactions. CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old male with 6 months history of pruritic lesions on a black ink tattoo made 18 months ago. A skin biopsy was performed confirming a lichenoid reaction. Topical heparinoid was administered with good results. CONCLUSION: Administration of topical heparinoid may be one more alternative in the treatment of lichenoid reaction secondary to tattoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los fibroblastos son células constituyentes de los tejidos conectivo. Los fibroblastos gingivales (FGs), células responsables de la síntesis de la matriz extracelular (MEC) en el tejido conectivo gingival, participan en la regulación de los procesos de cicatrización y de reparación de la encía. Debido a su potencial regenerativo, los FGs podrían ser células capaces de contribuir a mejorar los procesos de cicatrización, a nivel local y sistémico e, incluso, ser utilizadas como un modelo celular útil en la comprensión de los aspectos fisiopatológicos de la cavidad oral. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el impacto de la concentración del suero fetal bovino (SFB), en la supervivencia, el crecimiento y la expresión de marcadores celulares en los FGs. Cultivos celulares de FGs fueron realizados durante 7 días, utilizando medio de cultivo DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s médium), en ausencia y presencia de 10% de SFB. Análisis morfológicos e inmunohistoquímicos de la actina, mitocondrias, lisosomas y retículo endoplasmático (RE) fueron usados para evaluar el impacto de la concentración del SFB sobre los FGs. Los resultados indican que los FGs cultivados en presencia de 10% de SFB tuvieron una tasa de crecimiento más elevada en comparación con los FGs, cultivados en ausencia de SFB. El marcaje de los elementos celulares indica la ausencia de alteraciones en las organelas celulares de los FGs, cuando son cultivados en ausencia de SFB. En conclusión, los FGs son capaces de sobrevivir, proliferar y conservar sus características morfológicas, cuando son cultivados en presencia y ausencia de SFB.

Introduction. Gingival fibroblasts (GF) are cells of gingival connective tissue that have taken promising relevance in recent years due to their probable use in cell therapy, given their multipotencial and self-renewal capabilities. Objective. To know and to describe the impact of the absence of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS supplementation on the survival of gingival fibroblasts in cultures. Materials and methods. Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from gingival tissue of healthy patients and cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified of Eagle Medium) culture media in absence and supplemented with 0.2% FBS at 37 ° C in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2. A morphological evaluation, survival and proliferation of GF were carried out, as well as the identification by the immunofluorescence technique of cellular cytoskeleton markers such as actin and mitochondria. Results. The GF grown in the absence and with supplementation of 0.2% FBS showed a fusiform shape, with oval nuclei and numerous cytoplasmic extensions during the culture time. A slight increase in the proliferation of GF was observed in those cells in contact with the DMEM medium +0.2% FBS compared to the medium where the supplementation was absent. Immunostaining of actin and mitochondria showed that the absence and supplementation to 0.2% of FBS did not affect its location in the evaluated. Conclusion. Gingival fibroblasts survive and proliferate in the absence of FBS, preserving their cellular morphological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El proceso de angiogénesis, en el cual se desarrollan nuevos vasos sanguíneos a partir de una red vascular existente, requiere de la activación de los receptores en la superficie de las células endoteliales. En sus procesos fisiológicos, como la reparación de heridas, se observa un aumento en la permeabilidad vascular que induce el depósito de proteínas plasmáticas en la matriz extracelular y favorece la reparación y la cicatrización. No obstante, en algunas patologías como el cáncer, desempeña un papel importante para el crecimiento y la diseminación de las células tumorales. Su activación en el tumor permite, pero no garantiza, la expansión tumoral y, por ende, la ausencia de angiogénesis puede limitar el crecimiento. Por eso, se han desarrollado varios inhibidores con el propósito de interferir específicamente en diferentes etapas de este proceso, por ejemplo, el bevacizumab (Avastin) que se distingue como un anticuerpo monoclonal que reconoce y se une al Factor de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular (por sus siglas en inglés VEGF). The role of VEGF in Physiological and tumoral angiogénesis Abstract Angiogenesis, the cellular process leading to the development of new blood vessels from an existing vascular network, requires activation of surface receptors of normal endothelial cells by signaling molecules such as the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). During physiological processes of angiogenesis leading to injury repair, an increase of vascular permeability favors deposits of plasma proteins in the extracellular matrix. However, in pathological processes such as cancer, angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth and proliferation of the tumor cells. The activation of angiogenesis in a tumor induces, but does not guarantee, tumor expansion; hence, the absence of angiogenesis may limit the tumor growth. Angiogenesis inhibitors been developed to interfere with different stages of the process. For example, bevacizumab (Avastin) is recognized as a monoclonal antibody binds specifically to VEGF and inhibits its angiogenic function.

Objetivo: previamente se reportó que tumores de seno con proporción receptor de andrógenos/receptor de estrógenos ?2 (AR/ER ?2) se asocian con peores pronósticos. De acuerdo con lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la proporción AR/ER y una señal génica de proliferación celular en cáncer de seno (CS; también conocido como cáncer de mama) ER positivo (ER+). Métodos: se obtuvieron 1093 muestras de CS primario con datos de expresión génica de la base de datos pública NCI Genomic Data Commons. Se ejecutaron análisis bioinformáticos para establecer niveles de expresión génica de AR y ER, así como de los marcadores de proliferación AURKb, BUB1B, BUB1, CDK1 y CHEK1. Adicionalmente, se definieron subtipos moleculares de CS utilizando el bioclasificador PAM50. Resultados: 835 casos se reportaron como ER+. Entre estos, 58 tumores (7%) presentaron mayores niveles de expresión de AR respecto a ER (AR/ER ?2). En dichos casos se observaron niveles significativamente más altos de proliferación con respecto a tumores, con proporción AR/ER

La formación de nuevas células se genera a partir de células preexistentes a través de una serie ordenada de eventos denominada ciclo celular. El control de este es fundamental para la integridad del genoma, por lo que hay múltiples proteínas regulando este proceso. Actualmente, se conoce que el complejo MCM2-7 tiene un rol esencial en la replicación del ADN, específicamente involucrado en la proliferación, durante el ciclo celular. La identificación inmunohistoquimica de las proteínas de este complejo a nivel tisular, podría ser una herramienta muy útil, para usarlos como biomarcadores y así comprender uno de los mecanismos biológicos que se ven afectados en el cáncer. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión del complejo MCM2-7, ya que estas proteínas como se ha descrito, podrían comportarse como buenos marcadores biológicos de proliferación celular, y así poder realizar un buen diagnóstico, pronóstico y futuros blancos terapéuticos de aquellas lesiones principalmente neoplásicas , principalmente las que asientan a nivel de la mucosa bucal.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la expresión de MCM4-5-6 en gérmenes dentarios humanos en estado de campana. Materiales y Métodos. Se obtuvieron preparados histológicos de 4 maxilares fetales incluidos en parafina en el archivo de bloques de la cátedra de Histología de la Facultad de Odontología, UdelaR. Se procedió al corte de los mismos en secciones para técnica de rutina (HE) y de IHQ para MCM 4, 5 y 6. Resultados: Las diferentes regiones del órgano del esmalte mostraron 100 % de positividad en el estrato intermedio, una variación de 100 % a 0 % en el epitelio interno del órgano del esmalte, desde el sector cervical al sector incisal del mismo, y0% tanto en el retículo estrellado como en el epitelio externo del órgano del esmalte. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos permitieron evidenciar y confirmar la acción proliferativa de las diferentes zonas del órgano del esmalte.

The interest and need to study stem cells in regenerative therapies has increased in recent years due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into multiple lineages. Unfortunately, the number of cells needed for a successful transplant is greater than that obtained directly from the patient, so in vitro cultures of stem cells must be done. However, over time the cells in these cultures become senescent, decreasing their number of cellular divisions and their proliferative capacity. To solve this problem, different growth factors have been proposed as promoting agents for cell proliferation. Among these is the fibroblast growth factor 2 which, when added to the medium, could promote proliferation and increase the life time of the cells in the culture. The following review compiles information about the biology of this growth factor and the type of signaling it uses, as well as its applications in regenerative therapy and its effect on cell proliferation and senescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sodium caseinate (CS) and its components (α-casein, β-casein and κ-casein) have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of the mouse hematopoietic 32D cl3 cell line and induce its differentiation into macrophages. It is known that α-casein induce IL-1β production and this cytokine inhibits the proliferation by production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), but it is not known if CS and the caseins inhibit the proliferation by TNF-αproduction. Objective: Evaluate if CS and α-casein, β-casein and κ-casein inhibit the proliferation on 32D cl3 cell line via TNF-α. Materials and methods: To evaluate cell proliferation, different concentrations of CS, α-casein, β-casein and κ-casein were used on 32D cl3 cells. Cell viability was assessed by MTT, induction to apoptosis by flow cytometry and TNF-α synthesis by ELISA. Additionally, anti-TNF-αneutralization assays were performed on 32D cells treated with CS and α-casein and proliferation was evaluated. Results: The results show that CS, α-casein, β-casein and κ-casein reduce proliferation of the 32D cl3 cell line, without effect on viability, and only CS and α-casein induce apoptosis and release of TNF-α. The 32D cl3 cells treated with CS and α-casein reestablished their proliferation by using antibodies anti-TNF-α. Conclusion: TNF-α is principally responsible for the inhibition of proliferation in 32D cl3 cells treated with CS or α-casein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although, antineoplastic therapies have now been developed reduction of tumor progression, it is necessary to find new therapeutic alternatives to suppress angiogenesis. Thus celecoxib (Cx) has been used for its antiangiogenic action in combination with certain polymeric compounds such as poly (lactic co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) acid, which help to improve the bioavailability and avoid effects of long drug administrations. For this purpose we used a murine tumor model induced by mammary adenocarcinoma cells resistant to chemotherapy (TA3-MTXR). CX/PLGA inhibits the microvascular density, VEGF expression and cell proliferation in addition to increased apoptosis (P <0.0001). Cx reduces tumor progression in a concentration of 1000 ppm associated with PLGA, reducing cell proliferation, the presence of VEGF and promoting apoptosis of multiresistant TA3 tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growth factors used in health treatments can be obtained from a first-generation source called platelet-rich plasma. The variety of protocols to prepare PRP produces variable results regarding PRP activation time and its effects on cell proliferation and viability. Purpose: To evaluate proliferation and cell viability of periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts stimulated with PRP in several concentrations and times after PRP activation. Methods: An in vitro study was carried out using periodontal ligament fibroblast and osteoblast cell cultures. PRP from venous blood of a healthy adult was prepared through centrifugation and activated with 10 % CaCl2. The effect on cell proliferation after application of 1 %, 3 %, and 5% PRP and plateletpoor plasma was evaluated at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after activation through MTS. The control group consisted of culture that did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using Chi square, Fisher, and McNemar tests. Results: The cell viability assay showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups. Cell viability increased in cells treated with 5 % PRP 24 hours after activation (p=0.05). Conclusions: Fibroblast and osteoblast cell lines tended to be more viable 24 hours after activation with 5% PRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharides were extracted from corn bran (CBPs) and then modified by a sulfating reaction to obtain sulfated corn bran polysaccharides (SCBPs). Synthesized sulfated polysaccharides were located in the equatorial bonds of monosaccharide residues. A more orderly and smooth surface of SCBPs was observed. Single factor experiment results showed 2.0 g of aminosulfonic acid, 60 mL of N-dimethylformamide and 2.5 h of reaction time were the optimum conditions for SCBPs preparation. Phenolic content of SCBPs significantly decreased with increasing concentration of aminosulfonic acid, while it increased with increasing DMF concentration and reaction time. SCBPs had higher DPPH, ABTS and iron chelating capacity under the optimum conditions. SCBPs significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 and HepG2 cell lines, which was associated with the upregulation at the mRNA expression level of pro-apoptotic genes CASP3, CASP8, CASP9 and reduced expression of p53, gene Bcl-2 and gene iNOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The beneficial effects of oleic acid in cancer processes can no longer be doubted, but little is known about the mechanisms of action behind this phenomenon. Aim: The aim of the present review is to clarify whether oleic acid has an effect on important mechanisms related to the carcinogenic processes. Methods: We searched electronic databases and bibliographies of selected articles were inspected for further reference. We focused our research on two cellular transformations characterizing cancer development: proliferation and cell death or apoptosis. Results: Numerous studies have reported an inhibition in cell proliferation induced by oleic acid in different tumor cell lines. Herein, oleic acid could suppress the over-expression of HER2 (erbB-2), a well-characterized oncogene which plays a key role in the etiology, invasive progression and metastasis in several human cancers. In addition, oleic acid could play a role in intracellular calcium signaling pathways linked to the proliferation event. Regarding cell death, oleic acid has been shown to induce apoptosis in carcinoma cells. The mechanisms behind the apoptotic event induced by oleic acid could be related to an increase in intracellular ROS production or caspase 3 activity. Several unsaturated fatty acids have been reported to induce apoptosis through a release of calcium from intracellular stores. However, evidence regarding such a role in oleic acid is lacking. Conclusions: Oleic acid plays a role in the activation of different intracellular pathways involved in carcinoma cell development. Such a role could be the root of its antitumoral effects reported in clinical studies.Introducción: Los estudios epidemiológicos atribuyen un papel protector al ácido oleico frente a determinados tipos de cáncer. Sin embargo, el conocimiento relativo al mecanismo por el cual tal ácido graso ejerce sus efectos es escaso. Objetivo: La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo recopilar aquellos trabajos que centran su atención en los mecanismos intracelulares que podrían explicar los efectos clínicos atribuidos al ácido oleico. Métodos: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de bases de datos electrónicas y las referencias de los artículos de interés han sido utilizadas como fuente de búsquedas más avanzadas. Nuestra revisión se ha centrado en la descripción de dos de las transformaciones celulares que caracterizan el desarrollo de cáncer: proliferación y muerte celular. Resultados: Numerosos estudios atribuyen un papel inhibidor de la proliferación de células tumorales al ácido oleico. Entre los mecanismos de acción, se encuentran su capacidad para suprimir la expresión de HER2 (erbB-2), un oncogén bien conocido por su implicación en la etiología, progresión y metástasis de distintos tipos de cáncer. Además, el ácido oleico podría jugar un papel en la activación de la señalización de calcio intracelular, rutas igualmente ligadas a la proliferación celular. En cuanto a su papel en los fenómenos de muerte celular, el ácido oleico puede inducir apoptosis en células tumorales describiéndose como mecanismos implicados la producción de intracelular de especies reactivas o la activación de la actividad caspasa 3. Aunque muchos estudios relacionan la apoptosis inducida por los ácidos grasos insaturados con la liberación de calcio de los depósitos intracelulares, faltan estudios que aclaren el papel del ácido oleico a este respecto. Conclusión: El ácido oleico juega un papel en la activación de diferentes rutas intracelulares implicadas en el desarrollo de células tumorales. Estos mecanismos podrían ser la base de los efectos protectores que le atribuyen los estudios clínicos.

Background: Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by vascular proliferation that produces destruction of bone matrix. Case description: This case is about 43 year old woman who begins with pain in sternum, dyspnea, abdominal mass and, serous-hematic pleural effusion. Imaging tests were performed showing lesions on 6th and 10th left ribs archs. Later, a thoracotomy was performed observed absence of the end of the 6th and lung, pleural and costal biopsy was token. The histologic features described lymphatic vascular proliferation in bone tissue of chest wall. Other pathologies were excluded and in view of the findings, GSD diagnosis was made. Treatment and outcome: treatment was initiated with sirolimus achieving remission of the disease after the first month; however, because the presence of metrorrhagia the treatment was discontinued, reappearing symptoms afterwards. For that reason the treatment was restarted getting disappearance of the symptoms again, 4 weeks later. Clinical relevance: we present the first clinical cases of EGS with pleural effusion with response to sirolimus treatment that could be an alternative to the current therapy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the healing effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Piper aduncum on cell line Human Dermal Fibroblast Adults (hDFa). Materials and methods. The extract was obteined by solid-liquid extraction, then concentrated and lyophilized. The proteins contained in the hydroalcoholic extract was purified; by the high-performance liquid chromatography Reverse Phase RP-HPLC; protein peaks from the HPLC purification via RP- were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF Mass Spectrometer on ABSciex 4800 (Applied Biosystems); these N-terminal sequences of the 5 purified proteins, which were called K1 K2; K3; K4 and K5, were identified. The values of mean effective concentration (EC50), mean inhibitory concentration (IC50), and the percentage of cell proliferation were determined by MTT assays. Cell migration was assessed by scratch. Also the expression of growth factors was analyzed: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), using the technique of polymerase chain reaction with real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT-qPCR). Results. The hydroholic extract showed an IC50 of 200µg/ mL and the EC 50 value was 103.5 mg/mL in HDFA cell line. Cell proliferation assay showed that protein K2 (1ug/mL) increased proliferation compared to other treatments. In the fibroblast migration assay, K2 (50ug/mL) protein showed increased activity. The relative expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increased 8.6 folds compared to the control in the presence of K2 protein. Conclusions. The hydrocoholic extract of Piper aduncum, as well as isolated proteins, increased proliferation and migration of fibroblasts (HDFA); likewise they increased the expression of growth factors involved in the healing process. In wound model in rats the angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and fibroplasia were stimulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoblasts are totipotent cells, solely responsible for the proliferation and maturation of tissues in free-living flatworms. Similar cells have been isolated from parasitic flatworms such as Echinococcus. Taenia solium causes human taeniasis (intestinal) and cysticercosis in humans and pigs. Brain infection with larvae (cysts) of T. solium results in neurocysticercosis which is hyperendemic in Peru, and its treatment is associated with serious neurological symptoms. The proliferative capacity and development stages of T. solium have not been described and the neoblasts of this parasite have not been characterized We looked for cell proliferation in T. solium cysts collected from an infected pig, which were identified when replicating and incorporating bromodeoxyuridine nucleotide detected with a monoclonal antibody. A stable cell line of neoblasts would be useful for systematic in vitro studies on drug efficacy and the biology of T. solium.

Objectives: the study aimed to evaluate in vitro the role of anti T. gondiiin activating immune responses in pregnant women. Methods: the study was performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of pregnant women with chronic toxoplasmosis (n = 15) were stimulated in the presence and absence of autologous plasma (PA) (anti T. gondii antibody). Results: the data show that in PBMC stimulated in the absence of autologous plasma there is increased cell proliferation (P < 0.05) than cells in the presence of autologous plasma. Levels of IFN- γ produced in both conditions (PA and SBF) were similar. Comparing the production of IFN- γ vs IL - 10 shows increased production of Th1 cytokines. Conclusions: in general, our results suggest that the antibodies present in autologous plasma modulate the immune response in pregnant women with chronic toxoplasmosis, such that the immune system does not exacerbate or inhibit this specific response. The presence of antibodies to T. gondii not affecting IFN- γ production in pregnant women with chronic toxoplasmosis, but if cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The beneficial effects of oleic acid in cancer processes can no longer be doubted, but little is known about the mechanisms of action behind this phenomenon. Aim: The aim of the present review is to clarify whether oleic acid has an effect on important mechanisms related to the carcinogenic processes. Methods:We searched electronic databases and biblio - graphies of selected articles were inspected for further reference. We focused our research on two cellular transformations characterizing cancer development: proliferation and cell death or apoptosis. Results: Numerous studies have reported an inhibition in cell proliferation induced by oleic acid in different tumor cell lines. Herein, oleic acid could suppress the over-expression of HER2 (erbB-2), a well-characterized oncogene which plays a key role in the etiology, invasive progression and metastasis in several human cancers. In addition, oleic acid could play a role in intracellular calcium signaling pathways linked to the proliferation event. Regarding cell death, oleic acid has been shown to induce apoptosis in carcinoma cells. The mechanisms behind the apoptotic event induced by oleic acid could be related to an increase in intracellular ROS production or caspase 3 activity. Several unsaturated fatty acids have been reported to induce apoptosis through a release of calcium from intracellular stores. However, evidence regarding such a role in oleic acid is lacking. Conclusions: Oleic acid plays a role in the activation of different intracellular pathways involved in carcinoma cell development. Such a role could be the root of its antitumoral effects reported in clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth factors, insulin signaling and nutrients are important regulators of β-cell mass and function. The events linking these signals to regulation of β--cell mass are not completely understood. Recent findings indicate that mTOR pathway integrates signals from growth factors and nutrients with transcription, translation, cell size, cytoskeleton remodeling and mitochondrial metabolism. mTOR is a part of two distinct complexes; mTORC1 and mTORC2. The mammalian TORC1 is sensitive to rapamycin and contains Raptor, deptor, PRAS40 and the G protein β--subunit-like protein (Gβ-L). mTORC1 activates key regulators of protein translation; ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryote initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1. This review summarizes current findings about the role of AKT/mTORC1 signaling in regulation of pancreatic β- cell mass and proliferation. mTORC1 is a major regulator of β--cell cycle progression by modulation of cyclins D2, D3 and cdk4/cyclin D activity. These studies uncovered key novel pathways controlling cell cycle progression in β--cells in vivo. This information can be used to develop alternative approaches to expand β--cell mass in vivo and in vitro without the risk of oncogenic transformation. The acquisition of such knowledge is critical for the design of improved therapeutic strategies for the treatment and cure of diabetes as well as to understand the effects of mTOR inhibitors in β--cell function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic stress by immobilization during pregnancy may cause alterations in mechanisms maintaining homeostasis in the adrenal gland. The objective of this study was to quantify cellular proliferation index in the adrenal cortex during pregnancy second half and assess the effects of chronic stress on it. Adrenal cortex proliferation index in stressed rats showed a significant decrease at 12 and 17 days of gestation, while at day 21 it did not show differences with the control treatments. Moreover, proliferation index of reticular zones in control and experimental rats, exhibited a significant reduction in comparison to glomerular and fascicular zones of adrenal cortex during the three gestation days studied. In conclusion, chronic stress by immobilization produces a decrease in cellular proliferation index at 12 and 17 gestation days, which may be related to changes in plasmatic concentrations of corticosterone and prolactin and, to the reduction of specific growth factors. Furthermore, the observed proliferation diminishment in reticular zone regarding the other cortical zones would be consistent with the migration theory of adrenal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Mild oxidative stress induces the cells to proliferate. On the other hand, too much oxidative stress may cause cells to die or suffer irreversible damage. Cancer and β-cells destruction on diabetes can illustrate the paradoxical roles of superoxide in the physiological cellular responses. Methods: the activation of resting human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) was done using different mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), and phorbol ester (PMA), as well the superoxide producing system, paraquat. The physiological responses were evaluated in terms of proliferation using MTT to assess activation of the resting cells, as well apoptosis and necrosis by fluorescent microscopy. Results: our results show that the increase in oxidative status by superoxide in resting human peripheral blood lymphocytes induces cells to proliferate; however, higher concentrations of superoxide are harmful, inducing apoptosis and necrosis. Conclusions: our results clearly show the involvement of superoxide (supplied by paraquat and/or induced with mitogens) in physiological responses such as proliferation and apoptosis. Such divergent responses should be explained in terms of our dose-response observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Cytokines are small proteins secreted by diverse cells, have diverse functions, among others, growth induction and cellular differentiation, citolytyc activities, apoptosis and chemoattractant. The terms lymphocines or monocines, used in the immunological area, serve to designate the cellular origin of the cytokines. Material and methods. A genetic construction (p6EIL10R1) was made, that codified the receptor of the IL-10 (smIL-10R1) extracellular region, which affected in a stable way cellular line B16F0 (B16-SR), for this was used the Wetern technique to analyze if the protein were secreted in the cellular line supernatant in culture. Results. We obtained a clone (p6EIL10R) that codified the receptor extracellular region (smIL-10R1 of mIL-10R1), subcloned in vector pCDNA6"A". It was demonstrated, in addition, that with a restriction analysis the DNA cloned fragment had an appropriate size of 744 pb, as well as that the extracellular fragment of the IL-10 receptor (smIL-10R1) was cloned in the correct orientation; finally, it did not present any mutation and the reading frame was the correct. Conclusion. It was demonstrated that the extracellular region of the murine IL-10 receptor inhibits the effects of the IL-10 on the cellular proliferation of the tumorigenic line B16-10 in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been clear that the surface properties of the materials used as substrates for cell culture can influence the cell behavior affecting different factors such as cell orientation, adhesion, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the last few years, several micro and nanofabrication techniques have emerged as important tools used to modify the surface properties of those materials at the micro or nano scale, topologically or chemically. This paper reviews the most used microfabrication techniques to introduce modifications on the materials surfaces and its implications on cell behavior. This review ends up showing the possible medical applications derived as a source of future work in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: La formación de nuevas células se genera a partir de células preexistentes a través de una serie ordenada de eventos denominada ciclo celular. El control de este es fundamental para la integridad del genoma, por lo que hay múltiples proteínas regulando este proceso. Actualmente, se conoce que el complejo MCM2-7 tiene un rol esencial en la replicación del ADN, específicamente involucrado en la proliferación, durante el ciclo celular. La identificación inmunohistoquimica de las proteínas de este complejo a nivel tisular, podría ser una herramienta muy útil, para usarlos como biomarcadores y así comprender uno de los mecanismos biológicos que se ven afectados en el cáncer. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión del complejo MCM2-7, ya que estas proteínas como se ha descrito, podrían comportarse como buenos marcadores biológicos de proliferación celular, y así poder realizar un buen diagnóstico, pronóstico y futuros blancos terapéuticos de aquellas lesiones principalmente neoplásicas , principalmente las que asientan a nivel de la mucosa bucal.

Los neoblastos son células totipotentes, únicas responsables de la proliferación y maduración de tejidos en platelmintos de vida libre. Células similares se han aislado en platelmintos parásitos como Echinococcus. Taenia solium causa la teniasis humana (intestinal) y la cisticercosis en humanos y cerdos. La infección del cerebro con larvas (quistes) de T. solium resulta en neurocisticercosis, hiperendémica en el Perú; su tratamiento se asocia a síntomas neurológicos graves. La capacidad proliferativa y el desarrollo de los estadios de T. solium aún no se describen, y no se ha caracterizado los neoblastos de este parásito. Se buscó células proliferativas en quistes de T. solium colectados de un cerdo infectado, que fueron identificadas al replicarse e incorporar el nucleótido bromodesoxiuridina, detectado con un anticuerpo monoclonal. Una línea celular estable de neoblastos sería útil para estudios sistemáticos in vitro sobre eficacia de drogas y sobre la biología de T. solium.