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44 results on '"Region Grand-Est"'

1. Automated Quantification of Radiologic Pulmonary Alteration During Acute Respiratory Failure: Application to the COVID-19 Pandemic (QUANTICO-PRO)

Author: REGION GRAND EST, E-MEDIA, and VISIBLE PATIENT
Published: 2022

2. Deep mining port scans from darknet

Author: NATO [sponsor], Bpifrance [sponsor], Region Grand Est [sponsor], Lagraa, Sofiane, Chen, Yutian, François, Jérôme, NATO [sponsor], Bpifrance [sponsor], Region Grand Est [sponsor], Lagraa, Sofiane, Chen, Yutian, and François, Jérôme
Abstract: TCP/UDP port scanning or sweeping is one of the most common technique used 3 by attackers to discover accessible and potentially vulnerable hosts and applications. Although extracting and distinguishing different port scanning strategies is a challenging task, the identification of dependencies among probed ports is primordial for profiling attacker behaviors, with a final goal of better mitigating them. In this paper, we propose an approach that allows to track port scanning behavior patterns among multiple probed ports and identify intrinsic properties of observed group of orts. Our method is fully automated based on graph modeling and data mining techniques, including text mining. It provides to security analysts and operators relevant information about services that are jointly targeted by attackers. This is helpful to assess the strategy of the attacker by understanding the types of applications or environment he or she targets. We applied our method to data collected through a large Internet telescope (or darknet).
Published: 2019
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3. Risk and Refugee Migration

Author: This research project was financed by the FEDER and the Region Grand Est (France). [sponsor], Joxhe, Majlinda, This research project was financed by the FEDER and the Region Grand Est (France). [sponsor], and Joxhe, Majlinda
Abstract: This paper uses the experimental setup of Tanaka et al. (2010) to measure refugees’ risk preferences. A sample of 218 asylum seekers was interviewed in 2017-18 in Luxembourg. Contrary to studies which focus on risk aversion in general, we analyze its components using a cumulative prospect theory (CPT) framework. We show that refugees exhibit particularly low levels of risk aversion compared to other populations and that CPT provides a better fit for modeling risk attitudes. Moreover, we include randomized temporary treatments provoking emotions and find a small significant impact on probability distortion. Robustness of the Tanaka et al. (2010) experimental framework is confirmed by including treatments regarding the embedding effect. Finally, we propose a theoretical model of refugee migration that integrates the insights from our experimental outcomes regarding the functional form of refugees’ decision under risk and the estimated parameter values. The model is then simulated using the data from our study.
Published: 2018

4. Risk and Refugee Migration

Author: FEDER and the Region Grand Est (France) [sponsor], Joxhe, Majlinda, Bocqueho, Geraldine, Helstroffer, Jenny, Deschamps, Marc, Jacob, Julien, FEDER and the Region Grand Est (France) [sponsor], Joxhe, Majlinda, Bocqueho, Geraldine, Helstroffer, Jenny, Deschamps, Marc, and Jacob, Julien
Abstract: This paper uses the experimental setup of Tanaka et al. (2010) to measure refugees’ risk preferences. A sample of 206 asylum seekers was interviewed in 2017-18 in Luxembourg. Contrary to studies which focus on risk aversion in general, we analyze its components using a cumulative prospect theory (CPT) framework. We show that refugees exhibit particularly low levels of risk aversion compared to other populations and that CPT provides a better fit for modelling risk attitudes. Moreover, we include randomised temporary treatments provoking emotions and find a small significant impact on probability distortion. Robustness of the Tanaka et al. (2010) experimental framework is confirmed by including treatments regarding the embedding effect. Finally, we propose a theoretical model of refugee migration that integrates the insights from our experimental outcomes regarding the functional form of refugees’ decision under risk and the estimated parameter values. The model is then simulated using the data from our study.
Published: 2018

5. ASVspoof 2019: A large-scale public database of synthesized, converted and replayed speech

Author: Hirokazu Kameoka, Hsin-Te Hwang, Driss Matrouf, Markus Becker, Quan Wang, Sahidullah, Ye Jia, Yu Zhang, Lauri Juvela, Hsin-Min Wang, Wen-Chin Huang, Zhen-Hua Ling, Yuan Jiang, Yi-Chiao Wu, Héctor Delgado, Massimiliano Todisco, Yu Tsao, Li-Juan Liu, Junichi Yamagishi, Jean-François Bonastre, Tomoki Toda, Nicholas Evans, Robert A. J. Clark, Kai Onuma, Yu-Huai Peng, Sébastien Le Maguer, Avashna Govender, Takashi Kaneda, Andreas Nautsch, Kong Aik Lee, Xin Wang, Srikanth Ronanki, Ville Vestman, Koji Mushika, Ingmar Steiner, Tomi Kinnunen, Fergus Henderson, Jing-Xuan Zhang, Kou Tanaka, Paavo Alku, Hitotsubashi University, University of Edinburgh, Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Eastern Finland, NEC Corporation, Aalto University, Academia Sinica, ADAPT Centre, Sigmedia Lab, EE Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Google Inc [Mountain View], Research at Google, Hoya Corp., iFlytek Research, Nagoya City University [Nagoya, Japan], NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, audEERING GmbH, Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon (LIA), Avignon Université (AU)-Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI, The Centre for Speech Technology Research [Edinburgh] (CSTR), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), The work was partially supported by JST CREST Grant No. JPMJCR18A6 (VoicePersonae project), Japan, MEXT KAKENHI Grant Nos. (16H06302, 16K16096, 17H04687, 18H04120, 18H04112, 18KT0051), Japan, the VoicePersonae and RESPECT projects funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), the Academy of Finland (NOTCH project no. 309629), and Region Grand Est, France. entitled 'NOTCH: NOn-cooperaTive speaker CHaracterization'). The authors at the University of Eastern Finland also gratefully acknowledge the use of the computational infrastructures at CSC – the IT Center for Science, and the support of the NVIDIA Corporation the donation of a Titan V GPU used in this research. The numerical calculations of some of the spoofed data were carried out on the TSUBAME3.0 supercomputer at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. The work is also partially supported by Region Grand Est, France. The ADAPT centre (13/RC/2106) is funded by the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)., National Institute of Informatics, EURECOM, Université de Lorraine, Dept Signal Process and Acoust, Trinity College Dublin, Google, USA, HOYA Corporation, IFLYTEK Co., Ltd., Nagoya University, AudEERING GmbH, Avignon Université, University of Science and Technology of China, Aalto-yliopisto, and Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound (cs.SD), ASVspoof challenge, biometrics, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, voice conversion, Computer science, Speech synthesis, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science - Sound, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], text-to-speech synthesis, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Replay, Use case, media forensics, 010301 acoustics, Protocol (object-oriented programming), Text-to-speech synthesis, Database, presentation attack, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, Automatic speaker verification, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing, automatic speaker verification, Voice conversion, Spoofing attack, Biometrics, anti-spoofing, Reliability (computer networking), Database design, Theoretical Computer Science, replay, presentation attack detection, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Human-Computer Interaction, Physical access, computer, countermeasure, Software
Abstract: Automatic speaker verification (ASV) is one of the most natural and convenient means of biometric person recognition. Unfortunately, just like all other biometric systems, ASV is vulnerable to spoofing, also referred to as "presentation attacks." These vulnerabilities are generally unacceptable and call for spoofing countermeasures or "presentation attack detection" systems. In addition to impersonation, ASV systems are vulnerable to replay, speech synthesis, and voice conversion attacks. The ASVspoof 2019 edition is the first to consider all three spoofing attack types within a single challenge. While they originate from the same source database and same underlying protocol, they are explored in two specific use case scenarios. Spoofing attacks within a logical access (LA) scenario are generated with the latest speech synthesis and voice conversion technologies, including state-of-the-art neural acoustic and waveform model techniques. Replay spoofing attacks within a physical access (PA) scenario are generated through carefully controlled simulations that support much more revealing analysis than possible previously. Also new to the 2019 edition is the use of the tandem detection cost function metric, which reflects the impact of spoofing and countermeasures on the reliability of a fixed ASV system. This paper describes the database design, protocol, spoofing attack implementations, and baseline ASV and countermeasure results. It also describes a human assessment on spoofed data in logical access. It was demonstrated that the spoofing data in the ASVspoof 2019 database have varied degrees of perceived quality and similarity to the target speakers, including spoofed data that cannot be differentiated from bona-fide utterances even by human subjects., Accepted, Computer Speech and Language. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. For the published version on Elsevier website, please visit https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2020.101114
Published: 2020
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6. Sensitivity of gross primary productivity to climatic drivers during the summer drought of 2018 in Europe

Author: Philippe Ciais, Bingxue Wang, Zhaolei Li, Zheng Fu, Julia K. Green, Nadia Vendrame, Andrej Varlagin, Christian Brümmer, Louis Gourlez de la Motte, Ladislav Šigut, Caroline Vincke, Mana Gharun, Edoardo Cremonese, Matthias Cuntz, Nina Buchmann, Ana Bastos, Hui Yang, Alexander Knohl, Kailiang Yu, Paul C. Stoy, Yuanyuan Huang, Tarek S. El-Madany, Franziska Koebsch, Marilyn Roland, Nicola Arriga, Matthias Peichl, Silvano Fares, Mirco Migliavacca, E. Magliulo, Andrea Pitacco, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Research Council Synergy project SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-PFrench National Research Agency (ANR) National Science Foundation (NSF)1552976Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Swiss National Science Foundation project ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-04-01234-asuccessive European projects European regional development programmes Region Grand-Est French National Research Agency (ANR) SOERE F-ORE-T ADEME INRA Department of Forest, Grassland and Freshwater Ecology University of Padova CDPA148553project VitiSOM LIFE15 ENV/IT/000392FWO Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the CzeCOS program LM2015061SustES-Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797European regional development programs French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), European Research Council Synergy project SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE-PNational Science Foundation (NSF)1552976Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Swiss National Science Foundation project ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)19-04-01234-asuccessive European projects European regional development programmes Region Grand-Est SOERE F-ORE-T ADEME INRA Department of Forest, Grassland and Freshwater Ecology University of Padova CDPA148553project VitiSOM LIFE15 ENV/IT/000392FWO Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the CzeCOS program LM2015061SustES-Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797European regional development programs, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Biome, evapotranspiration, Eddy covariance, Genetics and Molecular Biology, drought, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gross primary productivity, primary productivity, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecosystem carbon, eddy covariance, climate change, Sensitivity (control systems), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water content, Biology, Plant Physiological Phenomena, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmosphere, gross primary productivity, sensitivity, Europe, soil moisture, Articles, 15. Life on land, Grassland, Droughts, 13. Climate action, General Biochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, climatic drivers, Seasons, Human medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: In summer 2018, Europe experienced a record drought, but it remains unknown how the drought affected ecosystem carbon dynamics. Using observations from 34 eddy covariance sites in different biomes across Europe, we studied the sensitivity of gross primary productivity (GPP) to environmental drivers during the summer drought of 2018 versus the reference summer of 2016. We found a greater drought-induced decline of summer GPP in grasslands (−38%) than in forests (−10%), which coincided with reduced evapotranspiration and soil water content (SWC). As compared to the ‘normal year’ of 2016, GPP in different ecosystems exhibited more negative sensitivity to summer air temperature (Ta) but stronger positive sensitivity to SWC during summer drought in 2018, that is, a stronger reduction of GPP with soil moisture deficit. We found larger negative effects of Ta and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) but a lower positive effect of photosynthetic photon flux density on GPP in 2018 compared to 2016, which contributed to reduced summer GPP in 2018. Our results demonstrate that high temperature-induced increases in VPD and decreases in SWC aggravated drought impacts on GPP. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375 (1810), ISSN:0962-8436, ISSN:1471-2970, ISSN:0080-4622
Published: 2020
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7. Unprecedented pluri-decennial increase in the growing stock of French forests is persistent and dominated by private broadleaved forests

Author: Jean-Christophe Hervé, Anaïs Denardou, Jean-Luc Dupouey, Jean Bir, Jean-Daniel Bontemps, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Laboratoire d'Inventaire Forestier (LIF), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME)Region Grand-Est, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), and Region Grand-Est
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Forest management, National forest inventory, Area, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Carbon stock, Forest expansion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stock (geology), Ecology, Advanced stage, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Forest transition, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Returning forests, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; & Key message French forests exhibit the fastest relative changes across Europe. Growing stock increases faster than area,and is greatest in low-stocked private broadleaved forests. Past areal increases and current GS levels show positive effectson GS expansion, with GS increases hence expected to persist.& Context Strong increases in growing stocks (GS) of European forests for decades remain poorly understood and of unknownduration. French forests showing the greatest relative changes across Europe form the investigated case study.& Aims The magnitudes of net area, GS, and GS density (GSD) changes were evaluated across forest categories reflecting forestpolicy and land-use drivers. The roles of forest areal changes, GS and GSD levels on GS changes were investigated.& Methods National Forest Inventory data were used to produce time series of area, GS and GSD across forest categories over1976–2014, and exploratory causal models of GS changes.& Results GS (+ 57%) increased three times faster than area, highlighting an advanced stage in the forest transition. Low-stockedprivate forests exhibited strong changes in GS/GSD, greatest in private broadleaved forests, stressing the contribution of returningforests on abandoned lands. Regression models demonstrated positive effects of both past areal increases and current GS, on GSexpansion.& Conclusion Aerial C-sink in French forests is expected to persist in future decades.
Published: 2020
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8. Simultaneous Monitoring of Outdoor PAHs and Particles in a French Peri-Urban Site during COVID Restrictions and the Winter Saharan Dust Event

Author: Farhan Ramadzan Nursanto, Joana Vaz-Ramos, Olivier Delhomme, Sylvie Bégin-Colin, Stéphane Le Calvé, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work has been conducted in the framework of FIGHTVIRUS project financially supported by the region GRAND-EST and ANR (ANR-20-GES1-0013). This work was also funded by the MICA Carnot Institute through the CAPTALL project., ANR-20-GES1-0013,FIGHTVIRUS,Décontamination des virus dans l'air par une approche originale combinant adsorption et photothermie(2020), Le Calvé, Stéphane, and Décontamination des virus dans l'air par une approche originale combinant adsorption et photothermie - - FIGHTVIRUS2020 - ANR-20-GES1-0013 - PRGES - VALID
Subjects: particulate matter, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, outdoor air, Atmospheric Science, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Saharan dust, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, PAHs, COVID confinement, particle analyser, three-stage cascade impactor, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering
Abstract: International audience; The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and particulate matter (PM) in air is known to provoke deleterious effects on human health. This work focused on the monitoring of PM and PAHs in the air over four weeks in a peri-urban site in Strasbourg (France), using a three-stage cascade impactor and a particle analyser allowing PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 discrimination. Meteorological conditions were monitored to study their influence on the pollutant levels. The average PM10 concentration of the cascade impactor and particle analyser varied from 11.8 to 80.2 µg/m3 and 10.6 to 220.2 µg/m3, respectively. The PAH total concentration ranged in 1.1–7.6 ng/m3 and a predominance of 5- and 6-ring PAHs was observed. PAHs were also more abundant in finer particles (PM1). Specifically, identified PAHs are traffic tracers suggesting that vehicular emission was one of its main sources. Two pollution episodes, associated with either a Saharan dust wind episode or traffic pollution, were observed, and led to PM10 and PM2.5 surpassing the daily limit values established by the European Union despite the traffic limitations according to the COVID restrictions. The total PAH concentrations were the highest during these periods suggesting PAHs might be bound to and transported via dust particles.
Published: 2022
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9. Comparative Plant Transcriptome Profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 and Camelina sativa var. Celine Infested with Myzus persicae Aphids Acquiring Circulative and Noncirculative Viruses Reveals Virus- and Plant-Specific Alterations Relevant to Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transmission

Author: Quentin Chesnais, Victor Golyaev, Amandine Velt, Camille Rustenholz, Véronique Brault, Mikhail M. Pooggin, Martin Drucker, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Region Grand Est (Soutien aux jeunes chercheurs, reference 18_GE5_013), and ANR-18-CE20-0017,Rome,Plusieurs stratégies, un objectif. Comment les virus manipulent hôtes et vecteurs pour la transmission : Rome(2018)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, transmission, plant viruses, feeding behavior, caulimovirus, Cell Biology, transcriptome profiling, polerovirus, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], aphid vector, Genetics, RNA-seq, insect-plant interactions
Abstract: International audience; Evidence is accumulating that plant viruses alter host plant traits in ways that modify their insect vectors' behavior. These alterations often enhance virus transmission, which has led to the hypothesis that these effects are manipulations caused by viral adaptation. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding of the genetic basis of these indirect, plant-mediated effects on vectors, their dependence on the plant host, and their relation to the mode of virus transmission. Transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa plants infected with turnip yellows virus (TuYV) or cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and infested with the common aphid vector Myzus persicae revealed strong virus-and host-specific differences in gene expression patterns. CaMV infection caused more severe effects on the phenotype of both plant hosts than did TuYV infection, and the severity of symptoms correlated strongly with the proportion of differentially expressed genes, especially photosynthesis genes. Accordingly, CaMV infection modified aphid behavior and fecundity more strongly than did infection with TuYV. Overall, infection with CaMV, relying on the noncirculative transmission mode, tends to have effects on metabolic pathways, with strong potential implications for insect vector-plant host interactions (e.g., photosynthesis, jasmonic acid, ethylene, and glucosinolate biosynthetic processes), while TuYV, using the circulative transmission mode, alters these pathways only weakly. These virus-induced deregulations of genes that are related to plant physiology and defense responses might impact both aphid probing and feeding behavior on infected host plants, with potentially distinct effects on virus transmission. IMPORTANCE Plant viruses change the phenotype of their plant hosts. Some of the changes impact interactions of the plant with insects that feed on the plants and transmit these viruses. These modifications may result in better virus transmission. We examine here the transcriptomes of two plant species infected with two viruses with different transmission modes to work out whether there are plant species-specific and transmission mode-specific transcriptome changes. Our results show that both are the case. KEYWORDS caulimovirus, polerovirus, aphid vector, transmission, feeding behavior, insect-plant interactions, transcriptome profiling, RNA-seq, plant viruses M ost known plant viruses rely on vectors for transmission to a new host (for an example, see reference 1). Insects that feed on plant phloem sap, such as whiteflies and aphids, are important vectors transmitting at least 500 virus species (2). The high virus
Published: 2022
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10. Genomic Signatures of a Major Adaptive Event in the Pathogenic Fungus Melampsora larici-populina

Author: Antoine Persoons, Agathe Maupetit, Clémentine Louet, Axelle Andrieux, Anna Lipzen, Kerrie W Barry, Hyunsoo Na, Catherine Adam, Igor V Grigoriev, Vincent Segura, Sébastien Duplessis, Pascal Frey, Fabien Halkett, Stéphane De Mita, Alba, Mar, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office national des forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, The work within the framework of the poplar rust genome project (CSP 1416) conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231., A.P. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Region Lorraine and INRAE and a partial post doc fellowship from the Region Grand-Est., A.M. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Region Lorraine and INRAE., C.L. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Region Lorraine, ANR-12-ADAP-0009,GANDALF,Génomique et adaptation des traits de vie des champignons impliqués dans les interactions plante-pathogène(2012), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), and ANR-18-CE32-0001,Clonix2D,Les conséquences génétiques de reproduction partiellement clonale dans les populations colonisant de nouveaux territoires(2018)
Subjects: AcademicSubjects/SCI01140, 0106 biological sciences, population genomics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], genome scan, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, plant–pathogen interactions, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plant Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, 0303 health sciences, Basidiomycota, plant-pathogen interactions, Human Genome, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, Genomics, Populus, coevolution, genome-wide association studies, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Research Article, Biotechnology, Developmental Biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The recent availability of genome-wide sequencing techniques has allowed systematic screening for molecular signatures of adaptation, including in nonmodel organisms. Host–pathogen interactions constitute good models due to the strong selective pressures that they entail. We focused on an adaptive event which affected the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina when it overcame a resistance gene borne by its host, cultivated poplar. Based on 76 virulent and avirulent isolates framing narrowly the estimated date of the adaptive event, we examined the molecular signatures of selection. Using an array of genome scan methods based on different features of nucleotide diversity, we detected a single locus exhibiting a consistent pattern suggestive of a selective sweep in virulent individuals (excess of differentiation between virulent and avirulent samples, linkage disequilibrium, genotype–phenotype statistical association, and long-range haplotypes). Our study pinpoints a single gene and further a single amino acid replacement which may have allowed the adaptive event. Although our samples are nearly contemporary to the selective sweep, it does not seem to have affected genome diversity further than the immediate vicinity of the causal locus, which can be explained by a soft selective sweep (where selection acts on standing variation) and by the impact of recombination in mitigating the impact of selection. Therefore, it seems that properties of the life cycle of M. larici-populina, which entails both high genetic diversity and outbreeding, has facilitated its adaptation.
Published: 2021
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11. Next-Generation Sequencing and Genotype Association Studies Reveal the Association of HLA-DRB3*02:02 With Delayed Hypersensitivity to Penicillins

Author: Francesco Gaeta, Céline Chéry, María José Torres, Thomas Josse, Cristobalina Mayorga, Abderrahim Oussalah, Rosa Maria Rodriguez-Gueant, Jean-Louis Guéant, Jose A. Cornejo-Garcia, Pierre Rouyer, Antonino Romano, Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Fondazione 'Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli' [Rome], Biochimie – Biologie moléculaire et Nutrition [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], The authors have no conflicts of Interest to declare. This work was supported by a grant from the French Ministry of Health (National Program for Clinical Research, PHRC), a 'Chercheur d’excellence' grant from the Region of Lorraine (France), the research projects FHU ARRIMAGE and OMAGE from Region Grand-Est and FEDER and the French PIA project 'Lorraine Universit´e d’Excellence', reference ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE., IMPACT GEENAGE, and ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015)
Subjects: Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Genotype, nonimmediate reactions, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Population, Genome-wide association study, Human leukocyte antigen, Penicillins, Drug Hypersensitivity, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Delayed, education, Genotyping, Alleles, Genetic association, education.field_of_study, amoxicillin, business.industry, beta-lactams, Haplotype, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, 3. Good health, Penicillin, Delayed hypersensitivity, genome-wide association, HLA-DRB3, business, HLA-DRB3 Chains, drug allergy, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Nonimmediate (delayed) allergic reactions to penicillins are common and some of them can be life-threatening. The genetic factors influencing these reactions are unknown/poorly known/poorly understood. We assessed the genetic predictors of a delayed penicillin allergy that cover the HLA loci. Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we genotyped the MHC region in 24 patients with delayed hypersensitivity compared with 20 patients with documented immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins recruited in Italy. Subsequently, we analyzed in silico Illumina Immunochip genotyping data that covered the HLA loci in 98 Spanish patients with delayed hypersensitivity and 315 with immediate hypersensitivity compared to 1,308 controls. Results: The two alleles DRB3*02:02:01:02 and DRB3*02:02:01:01 were reported in twenty cases with delayed reactions (83%) and ten cases with immediate reactions (50%), but not in the Allele Frequency Net Database. Bearing at least one of the two alleles increased the risk of delayed reactions compared to immediate reactions, with an OR of 8.88 (95% CI, 3.37–23.32; P P=0.001), but not immediate hypersensitivity. Conclusion: We showed that the HLA-DRB3 locus is strongly associated with an increased risk of delayed penicillin hypersensitivity, at least in Southwestern Europe. The determination of HLA-DRB3*02:02 alleles in the risk management of severe delayed hypersensitivity to penicillins should be evaluated further in larger population samples of different origins.
Published: 2021

12. Mg isotope composition in beech forest ecosystems and variations induced by liming: insights from four experimental sites in Northern France

Author: Emile B. Bolou-Bi, Claude Nys, Guillaume Caro, Benoît Pollier, Arnaud Legout, Mélanie Court, Julien Bouchez, Pascale Louvat, Gregory van der Heijden, Laurent Saint-André, Serge Didier, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Dept. des Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau et du Génie de l'Environnement, UFR des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières (UFR-STRM), Univ. de Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d' ivoire, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office National des Forets, Region Grand-Est, French National Research Agency (ANR), ANAEE France, LTSER Zone Atelier Bassin Moselle, Region Ile-de-France 12015908, and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mineralization (biology), complex mixtures, Nutrient, Forest ecology, Forest ecosystem, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Topsoil, Biogeochemical cycling, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Humus, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Dolomite lime, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Mg isotopes, Liming, Cycling, Calcium carbonate
Abstract: International audience; Many forest soils are acidic and have very low plant-available pools of magnesium. Past and present sylvicultural, nutritional and/or climatic pressures endured by forest ecosystems can result in net losses of nutrients and ecosystem function losses. Liming with a carbonate product is an alternative to counteract these degradations but the effects of liming on the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients over time and the dynamics of Mg released from liming products are still unclear. We studied the Mg isotopes composition in four paired-treatment experimental beech forest ecosystems in northern France. At the sites where dolomitic lime was applied, the variation in exchangeable and foliar δ26Mg demonstrated the direct contribution of dolomite-derived Mg to the replenishment of topsoil exchangeable pools and to tree nutrition improvement: dolomite-derived Mg was incorporated into the biological cycling which allows its retention on the mid to long term in the soil–plant system. At the sites limed with calcium carbonate, the changes in exchangeable and foliar Mg contents and δ26Mg observed on the long term suggest that the applied product contained a small amount of Mg and/or that Mg cycling changed after liming, to cope in particular with the low Mg availability. Lastly, our results highlight the high δ26Mg of the organic layer (humus): fractionation processes occurring within this layer (mineralization/ageing of organic matter, preferential retention of 26 Mg) could explain these singular signatures that could greatly influence the topsoil Mg exchangeable pools.
Published: 2021
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13. Speech Frame Selection for Spoofing Detection with an Application to Partially Spoofed Audio-Data

Author: Goutam Saha, Sahidullah, A Kishore Kumar, Monisankha Pal, Dipjyoti Paul, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), University of Southern California (USC), Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), We would like acknowledge the funding agencies. Dipjyoti Paul’s work is funded by the EUs H2020 research and innovation programme under theMSCA GA 67532 (the ENRICH network: www.enrich-etn.eu). The work of Md Sahidullah is supported by Region Grand Est., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Linguistics and Language, Spoofing attack, Computer science, Speech recognition, Feature extraction, Selection strategy, Anti-spoofing, Frame selection, Language and Linguistics, Synthetic speech detection, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Countermeasures, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], ASVspoof, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Mixture model, Human-Computer Interaction, Partially spoofed speech, Speaker verification, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Mel-frequency cepstrum, Performance improvement, 0305 other medical science, Classifier (UML), [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Software, Utterance, Voice conversion
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we introduce a frame selection strategy for improved detection of spoofed speech. A countermeasure (CM) system typically uses a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based classifier for computing the log-likelihood scores. The average log-likelihood ratio for all speech frames of a test utterance is calculated as the score for the decision making. As opposed to this standard approach, we propose to use selected speech frames of the test utterance for scoring. We present two simple and computationally efficient frame selection strategies based on the log-likelihood ratios of the individual frames. The performance is evaluated with constant-Q cepstral coefficients as front-end feature extraction and two-class GMM as a back-end classifier. We conduct the experiments using the speech corpora from ASVspoof 2015, 2017, and 2019 challenges. The experimental results show that the proposed scoring techniques substantially outperform the conventional scoring technique for both the development and evaluation data set of ASVspoof 2015 corpus. We did not observe noticeable performance gain in ASVspoof 2017 and ASVspoof 2019 corpus. We further conducted experiments with partially spoofed data where spoofed data is created by augmenting natural and spoofed speech. In this scenario, the proposed methods demonstrate considerable performance improvement over baseline.
Published: 2021
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14. Visualizing Classifier Adjacency Relations: A Case Study in Speaker Verification and Voice Anti-Spoofing

Author: Xin Wang, Kong Aik Lee, Massimiliano Todisco, Junichi Yamagishi, Andreas Nautsch, Md. Sahidullah, Héctor Delgado, Tomi Kinnunen, Nicholas Evans, University of Eastern Finland, Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), National Institute of Informatics (NII), Nuance Communications [Spain], Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), This work was supported by a number of projects and funding sources: VoicePersonae, supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) with grant No. JPMJCR18A6, Academy of Finland (proj. 309629), Region Grand Est, France., Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Sound (cs.SD), Computer science, multi-dimensional scaling, 02 engineering and technology, Classifier, Statistics - Applications, Computer Science - Sound, Machine Learning (cs.LG), Set (abstract data type), 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), Classifier (linguistics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Applications (stat.AP), Representation (mathematics), [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Visual comparison, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Pattern recognition, Mixture model, Automatic summarization, Adjacency list, Artificial intelligence, 0305 other medical science, business, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: Whether it be for results summarization, or the analysis of classifier fusion, some means to compare different classifiers can often provide illuminating insight into their behaviour, (dis)similarity or complementarity. We propose a simple method to derive 2D representation from detection scores produced by an arbitrary set of binary classifiers in response to a common dataset. Based upon rank correlations, our method facilitates a visual comparison of classifiers with arbitrary scores and with close relation to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and detection error trade-off (DET) analyses. While the approach is fully versatile and can be applied to any detection task, we demonstrate the method using scores produced by automatic speaker verification and voice anti-spoofing systems. The former are produced by a Gaussian mixture model system trained with VoxCeleb data whereas the latter stem from submissions to the ASVspoof 2019 challenge., Comment: Accepted to Interspeech 2021. Example code available at https://github.com/asvspoof-challenge/classifier-adjacency
Published: 2021
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15. Carbamylation of elastic fibers is a molecular substratum of aortic stiffness

Author: Doué, Manon, Okwieka, Anaïs, Berquand, Alexandre, Gorisse, Laëtitia, Maurice, Pascal, Velard, Frédéric, Terryn, Christine, Molinari, Michaël, Duca, Laurent, Piétrement, Christine, Gillery, Philippe, Jaisson, Stéphane, Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences - EA 4682 (LRN), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biomatériaux et inflammation en site osseux - EA 4691 (BIOS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Plateforme en Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Tis study was funded by the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne and the Reims University Hospital through the 'Projet Hospitalo Universitaire VIeillissement protéique et VAsculaire (PHU-VIVA)' program and was also supported by grants from the Committee of American Memorial Hospital (Reims, France and Boston, MA, USA) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque (CNRS, France). Te region Grand Est, the FEDERprogram, and the DRRT Grand Est are acknowledged for the funding of the Nano’Mat platform., Velard, Frédéric, SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Protein Carbamylation, Science, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Elastic Tissue, Article, Cardiovascular biology, Elastin, Atomic force microscopy, Mice, Vascular Stiffness, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Medicine, Animals, Cattle, Vascular diseases, Aorta, Cyanates, Chemical modification
Abstract: International audience; Because of their long lifespan, matrix proteins of the vascular wall, such as elastin, are subjected to molecular aging characterized by non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, like carbamylation which results from the binding of cyanate (mainly derived from the dissociation of urea) to protein amino groups. While several studies have demonstrated a relationship between increased plasma concentrations of carbamylated proteins and the development of cardiovascular diseases, molecular mechanisms explaining the involvement of protein carbamylation in these pathological contexts remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of this work was to determine whether vascular elastic fibers could be carbamylated, and if so, what impact this phenomenon would have on the mechanical properties of the vascular wall. Our experiments showed that vascular elastin was carbamylated in vivo. Fiber morphology was unchanged after in vitro carbamylation, as well as its sensitivity to elastase degradation. In mice fed with cyanate-supplemented water in order to increase protein carbamylation within the aortic wall, an increased stiffness in elastic fibers was evidenced by atomic force microscopy, whereas no fragmentation of elastic fiber was observed. In addition, this increased stiffness was also associated with an increase in aortic pulse wave velocity in ApoE −/− mice. These results provide evidence for the carbamylation of elastic fibers which results in an increase in their stiffness at the molecular level. These alterations of vessel wall mechanical properties may contribute to aortic stiffness, suggesting a new role for carbamylation in cardiovascular diseases.
Published: 2021
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16. In situ measurements of viscoelastic properties of biomass during hydrothermal treatment to assess the kinetics of chemical alterations

Author: Julia Parlatore Lancha, Giana Almeida, Patrick Perré, Julien Colin, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Region Grand Est, Departement de la Marne, Grand Reims, European Commission, and Departement de la Marne
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Alkaline, Work (thermodynamics), Environmental Engineering, Materials science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Kinetics, Biomass, Lignocellulosic biomass, Bioengineering, Young's modulus, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Viscoelasticity, symbols.namesake, 010608 biotechnology, Stress relaxation, Waste Management and Disposal, Chemical decomposition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Acidic, Temperature, Modulus of elasticity, General Medicine, Wood, Elasticity, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, symbols, Steam explosion, Poplar
Abstract: International audience; This work aimed to use continuous measurements of viscoelastic properties to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal treatment on poplar samples. Different conditions (temperature and pre-soaking liquid: acidic, neutral and alkaline) were tested on wood in both tangential and radial directions. Two viscoelastic properties were determined: the modulus of elasticity and the stress relaxation. The applicability of these properties as indicators of the kinetics of biomass deconstruction was also evaluated, thanks to the chemical analyses performed on the treated solid and the recovered liquid phase. The ultimate goal is to build a macroscopic indicator capable of establishing rules to optimize the hydrothermal treatment before the explosion stage. The joint use of the two parameters succeeded in revealing the effects of chemical degradation, including the coexistence of cleavage and re-condensation and the impact of process conditions (temperature, residence time, and pre-soaking liquid). The monotonous behavior of stress relaxation is a major asset as a possible macroscopic indicator of biomass deconstruction.
Published: 2020
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17. Sound Event Detection and Separation: a Benchmark on Desed Synthetic Soundscapes

Author: Romain Serizel, Hakan Erdogan, Justin Salamon, Nicolas Turpault, John R. Hershey, Scott Wisdom, Eduardo Fonseca, Prem Seetharaman, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Google Inc, Research at Google, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Descript, Inc., Adobe Research, Part of this work was made with the support of the French National Research Agency, in the framework of the project LEAUDS 'Learning to understand audio scenes' (ANR-18-CE23-0020) and the French region Grand-Est. High Performance Computing resources were partially provided by the EXPLOR centre hosted by the University de Lorraine., Grid'5000, ANR-18-CE23-0020,LEAUDS,Apprentissage statistique pour la compréhension de scènes audio(2018), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound localization, Sound (cs.SD), Reverberation, Soundscape, Computer science, Speech recognition, 02 engineering and technology, Computer Science - Sound, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), Robustness (computer science), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sound (geography), synthetic soundscapes, geography, Signal processing, geography.geographical_feature_category, Event (computing), Sound event detection, [INFO.INFO-SD]Computer Science [cs]/Sound [cs.SD], Benchmark (computing), sound separation, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: International audience; We propose a benchmark of state-of-the-art sound event detection systems (SED). We designed synthetic evaluation sets to focus on specific sound event detection challenges. We analyze the performance of the submissions to DCASE 2021 task 4 depending on time related modifications (time position of an event and length of clips) and we study the impact of non-target sound events and reverberation. We show that the localization in time of sound events is still a problem for SED systems. We also show that reverberation and non-target sound events are severely degrading the performance of the SED systems. In the latter case, sound separation seems like a promising solution.
Published: 2020
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18. Improving Sound Event Detection Metrics: Insights from DCASE 2020

Author: Francesco Tuveri, Sacha Krstulovic, Cagdas Bilen, Romain Serizel, Juan Azcarreta, Giacomo Ferroni, Nicolas Turpault, Audio Analytic, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UL/INRIA’s work for this article was partly supported by the French National Research Agency (project LEAUDS 'Learning to under-stand audioscenes' ANR-18-CE23-0020) and by the French region Grand-Est., Grid'5000, and ANR-18-CE23-0020,LEAUDS,Apprentissage statistique pour la compréhension de scènes audio(2018)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound (cs.SD), Dependency (UML), Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Computer Science - Sound, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), Robustness (computer science), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Event (probability theory), Operating point, Signal processing, Intersection (set theory), Sound detection, segment vs event criteria, sound event detection, evaluation metrics, Ranking, [INFO.INFO-SD]Computer Science [cs]/Sound [cs.SD], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, computer, polyphonic sound detection score, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: International audience; The ranking of sound event detection (SED) systems may be biased by assumptions inherent to evaluation criteria and to the choice of an operating point. This paper compares conventional event-based and segment-based criteria against the Polyphonic Sound Detection Score (PSDS)'s intersection-based criterion, over a selection of systems from DCASE 2020 Challenge Task 4. It shows that, by relying on collars , the conventional event-based criterion introduces different strictness levels depending on the length of the sound events, and that the segment-based criterion may lack precision and be application dependent. Alternatively, PSDS's intersection-based criterion overcomes the dependency of the evaluation on sound event duration and provides robustness to labelling subjectivity, by allowing valid detections of interrupted events. Furthermore, PSDS enhances the comparison of SED systems by measuring sound event modelling performance independently from the systems' operating points.
Published: 2020
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19. Genome Sequences of Five Streptomyces Strains Isolated at Microscale

Author: Nicault, Matthieu, Tidjani, Abdoul-Razak, Gelhaye, Eric, Bontemps, Cyril, Leblond, Pierre, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne (DynAMic), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)Region Grand-Est, and ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Genome Sequences, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: The genomes of five Streptomyces strains belonging to the same soil community were sequenced and assembled. The strains, which were isolated at microscale, belonged to different Streptomyces species. This sample provides access to understand the functioning of a Streptomyces community in an ecological context.
Published: 2020
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20. Who’ll stop lying under oath? Empirical evidence from tax evasion games

Author: Jason F. Shogren, Stéphane Luchini, Antoine Malézieux, Nicolas Jacquemet, Paris School of Economics (PSE), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de Recherche sur l'ENtreprise [Dijon] (CEREN), Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC) (BSB), University of Wyoming (UW), University of Alaska-Anchorage, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fur Sozialforschung (WZB), Tax Administration Research Centre (TARC), Region Grand-Est, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tax Administration Research Centre, University of Exeter (TARC), The authors thank the Conseil Régional de Lorraine for its financial support., Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Exeter, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, Declaration, oath, Tax evasion, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments, Compliance (psychology), honesty, Consistency (negotiation), JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H27 - Other Sources of Revenue, Honesty, 0502 economics and business, Economics, 050207 economics, Empirical evidence, 050205 econometrics, Law and economics, media_common, Commitment device, JEL: H - Public Economics/H.H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue/H.H2.H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance, Oath, 05 social sciences, commitment, part-time Lying, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Lying, Finance
Abstract: International audience; Using two earned income/tax declaration experimental designs we show that only partial liars are affected by a truth-telling oath, a non-price commitment device. Under oath, we see no change in the number of chronic liars and fewer partial liars. Rather than smoothly increasing their compliance, we also observe that partial liars who respond to the oath, respond by becoming fully honest under oath. Based on both response times data and the consistency of subjects when several compliance decisions are made in a row, we show that partial lying arises as the result of weak preferences towards profitable honesty. The oath only transforms people with weak preferences for lying into being committed to the truth.
Published: 2020
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21. Carbon heterogeneities in austenite during Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) process revealed by in situ High Energy X-Ray Diffraction (HEXRD) experiments

Author: Steve Gaudez, Michel Soler, Frédéric Danoix, Guillaume Geandier, Sébastien Allain, Mohamed Gouné, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labex DAMAS, Université de Lorraine (UL), Groupe de physique des matériaux (GPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), ArcelorMittal Maizières Research SA, ArcelorMittal, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the National Research Agency (ANR). The synchrotron experiments were realized in December 2016, under the P160 grant at DESY PETRA P-07 in Hamburg, which is fully acknowledged. The authors want to thank Jean-Christophe Hell for his support during the experiments. The authors would like also to thank MATERALIA cluster (Region Grand Est) for their support., ANR-14-CE07-0029,CAP NANO,Partition du carbone dans les phases ferritiques nanostructurées: cinétiques et microstructures(2014), ANR-11-LABX-0008,DAMAS,Design des Alliages Métalliques pour Allègement des Structures(2011), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Atom probe, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, Phase (matter), partitioning, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, steel, X-Ray diffraction, austenite, 010302 applied physics, Quenching, Austenite, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, martensite, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Martensite, X-ray crystallography, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: Based on the evolution of the positions and intensities of the diffraction peaks, high energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) is recognized as the ultimate method to follow quantitatively in situ phase transformations in steels. However, the possible asymmetricity of diffraction peaks is seldom considered, and is known to bear information. A procedure for quantifying their skewness is proposed. In the case of a third generation high strength steel obtained by quench and partitioning (Q&P), the skewness is shown to be due to carbon heterogeneities at austenite/martensite interfaces developed at nanoscale, in agreement with prior post mortem atom probe tomography (APT) investigations.
Published: 2020
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22. Unsupervised Extra Trees: a stochastic approach to compute similarities in heterogeneous data

Author: Kevin Dalleau, Miguel Couceiro, Malika Smaïl-Tabbone, Computational Algorithms for Protein Structures and Interactions (CAPSID), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Complex Systems, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (LORIA - AIS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Knowledge representation, reasonning (ORPAILLEUR), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Kevin Dalleau’s PhD is funded by the RHU FIGHTHF (ANR-15-RHUS-0004) and the Region Grand Est (France)., ANR-15-RHUS-0004,FIGHT-HF,Combattre l'insuffisance cardiaque(2015), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Hierarchical agglomerative clustering, Unsupervised classification, Computer science, Decision tree, Monotonic function, Similarity measure, Clustering, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Robustness (computer science), Cluster (physics), Preprocessor, Cluster analysis, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Pattern recognition, Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Modeling and Simulation, Artificial intelligence, Extremely randomized trees, business, Information Systems
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we present a method to compute similarities on unlabeled data, based on extremely randomized trees. The main idea of our method, Unsu-pervised Extremely Randomized Trees (UET) is to randomly split the data in an iterative fashion until a stopping criterion is met, and to compute a similarity based on the co-occurrence of samples in the leaves of each generated tree. Using a tree-based approach to compute similarities is interesting, as the inherent We evaluate our method on synthetic and real-world datasets by comparing the mean similarities between samples with the same label and the mean similarities between samples with different labels. These metrics are similar to intracluster and intercluster similarities, and are used to assess the computed similarities instead of a clustering algorithm's results. Our empirical study shows that the method effectively gives distinct similarity values between samples belonging to different clusters, and gives indiscernible values when there is no cluster structure. We also assess some interesting properties such as in-variance under monotone transformations of variables and robustness to correlated variables and noise. Finally , we performed hierarchical agglomerative clustering on synthetic and real-world homogeneous and heterogeneous datasets using UET versus standard similarity measures. Our experiments show that the algorithm outperforms existing methods in some cases, and can reduce the amount of preprocessing needed with many real-world datasets.
Published: 2020
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23. Biochar-assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by Noccaea caerulescens on a contaminated soil: A four-year lysimeter study

Author: Jean Louis Morel, Thibault Sterckeman, Frédéric Rees, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Region Grand-Est, and European Union
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amendment, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Biochar, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, Leaching (agriculture), Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Topsoil, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Soil contamination, Phytoremediation, Zinc, Biodegradation, Environmental, Heavy metal, Agronomy, Lysimeter, Charcoal, Hyperaccumulating plant, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Leaching, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Cadmium
Abstract: International audience; Amendments of biochar, the residual solid of biomass pyrolysis, have been shown to enhance metal phytoextraction from contaminated soils with hyperaccumulating plants in specific situations. In order to investigate this phenomenon over successive harvests in field conditions, two identical undisturbed soil cylinders (1-m2 section × 1.85-m height) were excavated from a contaminated agricultural plot and monitored with instrumented lysimeters. Wood-derived biochar was added at a rate of 5% (w/w) in the first 30 cm of one of the two lysimeters. The Cd/Zn-hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens was then grown for the next four years on both lysimeters. Our results showed that the hyperaccumulating plant was able to remove about 2 g m−2 of Cd and 12–16 g m−2 of Zn within four years, representing about 40% and 4% of the initial Cd and Zn soil contamination, respectively. Biochar amendment improved plant germination and survival and increased root surface density. However, no significant effect of biochar on shoot metal content of N. caerulescens was observed. Mass balances suggested that up to 10% the metal contamination moved from the disturbed Ap horizon to the deeper horizons, particularly in the biochar-amended soil profile. Furthermore, shoot Cd and Zn concentration generally decreased over the successive harvests, together with soil metal availability. Depending on the way to account for this progressive decrease in efficiency, our estimations of the time necessary to remove the excess of metals in the topsoil in these conditions ranged from 11 to 111 years for Cd and from 97 years to an infinite time for Zn. In conclusion, the simultaneous use of N. caerulescens and biochar amendment can lead to a significant removal of specific metallic elements from the topsoil, but the risk of metal movement down the soil profile and the observed decrease in phytoextraction efficiency over time deserve further investigations.
Published: 2020
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24. Undernutrition combined with dietary mineral oil hastens depuration of stored dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyls in ewes. 1. Kinetics in blood, adipose tissue and faeces

Author: Rey-Cadilhac, Lucille, Cariou, Ronan, Ferlay, Anne, Jondreville, Catherine, Delavaud, Carole, Faulconnier, Yannick, Alcouffe, Sébastien, Faure, Pascal, Marchand, Philippe, Le Bizec, Bruno, Jurjanz, Stefan, Lerch, Sylvain, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Systèmes d'Elevage de Ruminants de Moyenne Montagne (Herbipôle), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Region Grand-Est 'Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitiere' (CNIEL, Paris, France)
Subjects: Pollutants, Physiology, Science, Excretion, tissu adipeux, dioxine, Dioxins, Biochemistry, fèces, Feces, biphényle polychloré, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Medicine and Health Sciences, sang, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Nutrition, Sheep, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Malnutrition, Body Weight, Biology and Life Sciences, brebis, Lipids, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Body Fluids, Diet, Chemistry, Kinetics, Blood, Biological Tissue, Adipose Tissue, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Body Burden, Medicine, Environmental Pollutants, Anatomy, Physiological Processes, Oils, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Food safety crises involving persistent organic pollutants [POPs, e.g. dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides] lead to systematic slaughter of livestock to prevent their entry into the food chain. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies to depurate livestock moderately contaminated with POPs in order to reduce such economic and social damages. This study aimed to test a POPs depuration strategy based on undernutrition (37% of energy requirements) combined with mineral oil (10% in total dry matter intake) in nine non-lactating ewes contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and PCBs 126 and 153. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the depuration process, POPs kinetics and body lipids dynamics were followed concomitantly over 57-day of depuration in POPs storage (adipose tissue, AT), central distribution (blood) and excretion (faeces) compartments. Faecal POPs concentrations in underfed and mineral oil supplemented ewes increased by 2.0 to 2.6-fold, but not proportionally to lipids concentration which increased by 6-fold, compared to the control ewes. Nonetheless, after 57 days of depuration in undernutrition and mineral oil supplementation, AT POPs concentrations were 1.5 to 1.6-fold higher while serum concentrations remained unchanged compared to the control ewes. This was concomitant with a decrease by 2.7-fold of the AT estimated lipids weight along the depuration period. This reduction of the volume of the storage compartment combined with the increase of POPs faecal excretion in underfed and mineral oil supplemented ewes led to a reduction by 1.5-fold of the PCB 126 AT burden, while no changes were observed for TCDD and PCB 153 burdens (vs. no change for PCB 126 and increases for TCDD and PCB 153 AT burdens in control ewes). The original approach of this study combining the fine description at once of POPs kinetic and of body lipids dynamic improved our understanding of POPs fate in the ruminant.
Published: 2020
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25. Undernutrition combined with dietary mineral oil hastens depuration of stored dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyls in ewes. 1. Kinetics in blood, adipose tissue and faeces

Author: Lerch, Sylvain, Cariou, Ronan, Rey-Cadilhac, Lucille, Id, Ronan, Faulconnier, Yannick, Jondreville, Catherine, Roux, Denis, Dervilly-Pinel, Gaud, Le Bizec, Bruno, Jurjanz, Stéfan, Ferlay, Anne, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Region Grand-Est 'Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitiere' (CNIEL, Paris, France)
Subjects: Physiology, dénutrition, dioxine, Biochemistry, Feces, Animal Products, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Adipocytes, Musculoskeletal System, Connective Tissue Cells, Abdominal Muscles, Wool, Muscles, brebis, Agriculture, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Lipids, Chemistry, Adipose Tissue, Liver, Connective Tissue, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Body Burden, Medicine, Environmental Pollutants, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Research Article, Pollutants, Science, Excretion, Dioxins, biphényle polychloré, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Nutrition, Sheep, Body Weight, Malnutrition, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Biological Tissue, Physiological Processes, Oils
Abstract: International audience; Food safety crises involving persistent organic pollutants (POPs) lead to systematic slaughter of livestock to prevent contaminants from entering the food chain. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies to depurate livestock moderately contaminated with POPs to reduce economic and social damage. This study aimed to test undernutrition (37% of energy requirements) combined with mineral oil (10% in total dry matter intake) in nine non-lactating ewes contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 126 and 153 as a strategy to enhance the depuration of POPs through faecal excretion. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of the depuration process, lipophilic POPs and lipid fluxes were co-monitored in various body and excretion compartments. Body compartments (adipose tissues, muscle, liver and blood) and the total empty body were analyzed for lipids and POPs concentrations and burdens at slaughter, as well as excretion compartments (faeces and wool) collected during the depuration period. Decreases in empty body total and lipid weights were 6-fold higher in underfed and supplemented ewes compared to control ewes. In addition, over the depuration period undernutrition and supplementation treatment increased faecal TCDD, PCBs 126 and 153 excretions by 1.4- to 2.1-fold but tended to decrease wool PCB 153 excretion by 1.4-fold. This induced 2- to 3-fold higher decreases in the empty body POPs burdens for underfed and supplemented ewes. Nonetheless, when expressed relative to the calculated initial empty body burdens, burdens at slaughter decreased only slightly from 97%, 103% and 98% for control ewes to 92%, 97% and 94% for underfed and supplemented ones, for TCDD, PCBs 126 and 153, respectively. Fine descriptions at once of POPs kinetic (companion paper 1) and mass balance (companion paper 2), and of body lipid dynamics were very useful in improving our understanding of the fate of POPs in the ruminants.
Published: 2020
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26. On the prequantisation map for 2-plectic manifolds

Author: Tilmann Wurzbacher, Gabriel Sevestre, Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine (IECL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The work of Gabriel Sevestre was financed by the Region Grand Est (France).
Subjects: Mathematics - Differential Geometry, Pure mathematics, Structure (category theory), FOS: Physical sciences, multisymplectic geometry, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, multiplicative vector fields, 0101 mathematics, 10. No inequality, Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry, Mathematical Physics, Physics, 010102 general mathematics, 58H05, 53C08, 53D50 (Primary) 53D05 (Secondary), Observable, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Manifold, MSC (2020) Primary: 58H05, 53C08, 53D50, Secondary: 53D05, Lie groupoid, prequantisation, Differential Geometry (math.DG), Mathematics - Symplectic Geometry, [MATH.MATH-DG]Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], Homogeneous space, Symplectic Geometry (math.SG), geometrisation of integral three-forms, 010307 mathematical physics, Geometry and Topology
Abstract: For a manifold $M$ with an integral closed 3-form $\omega$, we construct a $PU(H)$-bundle and a Lie groupoid over its total space, together with a curving in the sense of gerbes. If the form is non-degenerate, we furthermore give a natural Lie 2-algebra quasi-isomorphism from the observables of $(M,\omega)$ to the weak symmetries of the above geometric structure, generalising the prequantisation map of Kostant and Souriau., Comment: Typos are corrected. A reference and an acknowledgement is added. A revised version (upon submission and refereeing) is now published. These revisions are not included in this arXiv version
Published: 2020
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27. Microstructure Evolution and Competitive Reactions during Quenching and Partitioning of a Model Fe–C–Mn–Si Alloy

Author: Guillaume Geandier, Samy Aoued, Steve Gaudez, Mohamed Gouné, Frédéric Danoix, Jean-Christophe Hell, Michel Soler, Sébastien Allain, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de physique des matériaux (GPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ArcelorMittal Maizières Research SA, ArcelorMittal, This work was partly carried out owing the experimental GENESIS platform. GENESIS is supported by the region Haute-Normandie, the Metropole Rouen Normandie, the CNRS via LABEX EMC, and the French National Research Agency as part of the program 'Investissement d’Avenir' ANR 11-EQPX-002. The synchrotron experiments were realized in December 2016 under the P160 grant at DESY PETRA P-07 in Hamburg, which is fully acknowledged. The authors would like also to thank MATERALIA cluster (Region Grand Est) for their support., ANR-14-CE07-0029,CAP NANO,Partition du carbone dans les phases ferritiques nanostructurées: cinétiques et microstructures(2014), ANR-11-LABX-0008,DAMAS,Design des Alliages Métalliques pour Allègement des Structures(2011), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labex DAMAS, Université de Lorraine (UL), and ANR-11-EQPX-0020,GENESIS,Groupe d'Etudes et de Nanoanalyses des Effets d'IrradiationS(2011)
Subjects: lcsh:TN1-997, Materials science, Bainite, Alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Atom probe, engineering.material, Lath, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, partitioning, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, ddc:530, high-energy X-ray diffraction, lcsh:Mining engineering. Metallurgy, 010302 applied physics, Quenching, Austenite, Metals and Alloys, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, atom probe tomography, chemistry, Martensite, steels, engineering, quenching and partitioning, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: The mechanisms behind the carbon enrichment of austenite during quenching and partitioning are still a matter of debate. This work investigates the microstructural evolution during the quenching and partitioning of a model Fe&ndash, C&ndash, Mn&ndash, Si alloy by means of in situ high energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) atom probe tomography, and image analysis. The ultra-fast time-resolved quantitative information about phase transformations coupled with image analysis highlights the formation of carbide-free BCT bainite, which is formed within a very short range during the reheating and partitioning step. Its transformation rate, which is a better indicator than the intrinsic volume fraction, depends on the quenching temperature (QT). It is shown to decrease with decreasing QT, from 45% at QT = 260 &deg, C to 20% at QT = 200 &deg, C. As a consequence, a significant part of the carbon enrichment observed in austenite can be attributed to bainite transformation. Furthermore, a large part of carbon was shown to be trapped into martensite. Both the formation of Fe2.6C iron carbides and the segregation of carbon on lath boundaries in martensite were highlighted by atom probe tomography. The energy for carbon segregation was determined to be 0.20 eV, and the carbon concentration on the lath boundaries was obtained to be around 25 at %. Therefore, the carbon enrichment of austenite is the result of competitive reactions such as carbon partitioning from martensite, bainite transformation, and carbon trapping in martensite.
Published: 2020
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28. Computing Vertex-Vertex Dissimilarities Using Random Trees: Application to Clustering in Graphs

Author: Miguel Couceiro, Kevin Dalleau, Malika Smaïl-Tabbone, Computational Algorithms for Protein Structures and Interactions (CAPSID), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Complex Systems, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (LORIA - AIS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Knowledge representation, reasonning (ORPAILLEUR), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), ANR-15-RHUS-0004,FIGHT-HF,Combattre l'insuffisance cardiaque(2015), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Funded by the RHU FIGHT-HF (ANR-15-RHUS-0004) and the Region Grand Est (France).
Subjects: Theoretical computer science, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Random tree, Decision tree, 02 engineering and technology, Complex network, Vertex (geometry), Dissimilarity, Graph clustering, [INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR], 020204 information systems, Heterogeneous data, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Pairwise comparison, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Cluster analysis, Categorical variable, Attributed graph, Clustering coefficient, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract: International audience; A current challenge in graph clustering is to tackle the issue of complex networks, i.e, graphs with attributed vertices and/or edges. In this paper, we present GraphTrees, a novel method that relies on random decision trees to compute pairwise dissimilarities between vertices in a graph. We show that using different types of trees, it is possible to extend this framework to graphs where the vertices have attributes. While many existing methods that tackle the problem of clustering vertices in an attributed graph are limited to categorical attributes, GraphTrees can handle heterogeneous types of vertex attributes. Moreover, unlike other approaches, the attributes do not need to be preprocessed. We also show that our approach is competitive with well-known methods in the case of non-attributed graphs in terms of quality of clustering, and provides promising results in the case of vertex-attributed graphs. By extending the use of an already well established approach-the random trees-to graphs, our proposed approach opens new research directions, by lever-aging decades of research on this topic.
Published: 2019
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29. Cost–Benefit Prediction of Asset Management Actions on Water Distribution Networks

Author: Nafi, Amir, Brans, Jonathan, Gestion Territoriale de l'Eau et de l'environnement (UMR GESTE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), CSIP-ICube, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), and French project 'SPHEREAU' 22'bpifrance', the basin water agency 'Agence de l'Eau Rhin Meuse' French regional authority 'Region Centre Val de Loire' French regional authority 'la region Grand Est'
Subjects: lcsh:TD201-500, lcsh:Hydraulic engineering, lcsh:Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes, lcsh:TC1-978, NSGA-II, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], actions, asset management, prediction, ANN, performance, water system, water utility
Abstract: The potential costs and benefits of a combination of asset management actions on the water distribution network are predicted. Two types of actions are considered: maintenance actions and renewal actions. Leak detection and reparation of failures on connections and pipes define the set of potential maintenance actions to be carried out. Renewal actions concern connections, pipes, and meters. All these actions represent the model&rsquo, s decision variables in order to determine a trade-off between two objectives: (i) the maximization of the water efficiency rate and (ii) the minimization of the total cost of actions to be carried out on the water system. The assessment of objective functions is ensured by an artificial neural network (ANN) trained on a French mandatory database &laquo, SISPEA&raquo, A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is coupled to the ANN to reach the set of compromised solutions representing potential actions to achieve. Applied to a real water distribution system in the southeast of France, the proposed decision model indicates that the improvement of water efficiency rate (WER) in the short term requires increasing operation expenditures (OPEX), which represent 99% of the total cost. Results show the existence of a threshold effect that implies to use the budget in a certain way to improve performance. A potential solution can be chosen by the decision maker among the generated Pareto front with regard to the constraint on the budget and the targeted WER.
Published: 2019
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30. A sub-individual multilevel approach for an integrative assessment of CuO nanoparticle effects on Corbicula fluminea *

Author: Mélanie Auffan, Vanessa Koehlé-Divo, Catherine Mouneyrac, Bénédicte Sohm, Daniele Pauly, Laure Giamberini, Sandrine Pain-Devin, Justine Flayac, Simon Devin, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-3-CESA-0014/NANOSALT], CPER Lorraine-ZAM (Contrat Projet Etat Region Lorraine, Zone Atelier Moselle) Région Grand-Est, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Research ministry, Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Region Grand-Est, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)European Commission, Ministry of Research, France, and ANR-13-CESA-0014,nanoSALT,Nanomatériaux à travers un gradient de salinité: exposition et effets ecotoxicologiques au cours de leur cycle de vie (production, utilisation, fin de vie)(2013)
Subjects: Thioredoxin Reductase 1, Antioxidant, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP), Biochemical effects, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Defence mechanisms, Metal Nanoparticles, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Antioxidants, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Corbicula fluminea, Gene, Corbicula, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Filtration rate, Glutathione Peroxidase, biology, Chemistry, Superoxide Dismutase, Bivalve, General Medicine, Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, Catalase, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Hsp70, Biochemistry, Molecular Response, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cats, Copper, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: International audience; Because they are widely used, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are likely to enter the aquatic environment and then reach the sediment. We have examined the effect of CuO NPs in the freshwater endobenthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Some previous studies have investigated effects at biochemical and physiological levels, but molecular endpoints are still poorly studied despite they are sensitive in early detection of NPs effect. In the present study, we have investigated short-term effects (96 h) of CuO NP (12, 30 nm; 0, 20 and 100 mg/L) using molecular endpoints as well as more conventional biochemical and physiological markers. The expression of antioxidant (CuZnSOD, MnSOD, Cat, Se-GPx, Trxr) and antitoxic (GST-Pi, HSP70, MT, Pgp, MRP1) related genes was measured at the mRNA level while anti-oxidant (SOD, TAC) and antitoxic (GST, ACP) defenses, energetic reserves and metabolism (ETS, Tri, LDH), and cellular damages (LPO) were assessed using a biochemical approach. The filtration rate measured at 96 h provided information at the physiological scale. Gene expression and filtration rate were responsive to CuO NPs but the effects differed according to the NP size. The results suggest that defense mechanisms may have been set up following 30 nm-NP exposure. The response to 12 nm-NP was lower but still showed that exposure to 12 nm-NP led to activation of cellular elimination mechanisms. The lowering of the filtration rate may have protected the organisms from the contamination. However, this raised the question of further repercussions on organism biology. Together, the results (i) indicate that CuO NP may exert effects at different levels even after a short-term exposure and (ii) point out the precocity of molecular response.
Published: 2019
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31. Chalcogenide glasses as a playground for the application of first-principles molecular dynamics to disordered materials

Author: Mauro Boero, Evelyne Martin, Guido Ori, Assil Bouzid, Sébastien Le Roux, Carlo Massobrio, Ori, Guido, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRCER - Axe 3 : organisation structurale multiéchelle des matériaux (IRCER-AXE3), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Physique - IEMN (PHYSIQUE - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Physique-IEMN (PHYSIQUE-IEMN), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and AcknowledgementsM.B. thanks Pôle HPC, Equipex Equip@Meso/CPER Alsacalcul atthe University of Saskatchewan, and Grand Equipement National deCalcul Intensif (GENCI) under allocation DARI-A2 A0060906092. G.O.acknowledges the Fédération de Recherche en Matériaux etNanosciences Region Grand-Est (project HARWEST) and the SeedMoney program of Eucor - The European Campus (project MEDIA) forfinancial support
Subjects: Glass structure, Computer science, Chalcogenide, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, London dispersion force, amorphous materials, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Molecular dynamics, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Statistical physics, glass structure, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, electronic structure, molecular dynamics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], chalcogenides, Computational material science, van der Waals force, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; An overview of the major first-principles methods used to simulate condensed phases is presented, with special emphasis on chalcogenide glasses. The scope of this review article is to offer a survey of fundamental algorithms and techniques, accompanied by a few recent examples particularly representative of computational materials science applied to disordered chalcogenide phases. Special attention is devoted to the inclusion of long-range van der Waals dispersion forces, treatment of the exact exchange, dynamical simulations and extraction of optical and dielectric properties. Machine learning techniques are introduced as recent forefront applications of first-principle methods. In this latter case, accurate quantum-mechanics based simulations are crucial to generate a data base exploited by neuronal-network type algorithms to create accurate interatomic potentials (force fields) allowing for large and long-lasting simulations of realistic disordered materials. The atomic-level knowledge provided by the combination of high-performance computing and advanced computational methods pave the route for a rational approach to the design of novel chalcogenides possessing tuned properties for specific applications in next-generation devices.
Published: 2019
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32. Recovery of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from organic phases after reactive extraction with amines in an alcohol-type solvent

Author: Ioan-Cristian Trelea, Florian Chemarin, Marwen Moussa, Florent Allais, Violaine Athès, Centre Européen de Biotechnologies et Bioéconomie (CEBB), Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Region Grand-Est, Conseil Departemental de la Marne, and Grand Reims
Subjects: Standard enthalpy of reaction, diluent swing, Inorganic chemistry, back-extraction, temperature swing, Salt (chemistry), Filtration and Separation, Alcohol, 02 engineering and technology, 3-Hydroxypropionic acid, Diluent, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, 020401 chemical engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, chemistry.chemical_classification, pH swing, Extraction (chemistry), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, Solvent, chemistry, Amine gas treating, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Reactive extraction is a well-known method for the recovery of organic acids from dilute streams. The extraction through complex formation with amines is followed by its back-extraction. Their affinity for amine extractants makes their back-extraction a limiting step. The case of 3-hydroxypropionic acid is addressed here. Three methods were compared: salts additions, diluent swing and temperature swing. Mineral bases led to complete 3-HP recovery but as a salt. Diluent swing was tested using n-hexane as the anti-solvent. Results showed that increasing the n-hexane content led to a great increase of 3-HP recovery. However, high recovery yields are associated with high dilutions. The temperature was varied from 4 to 140 °C and it led to a high decrease of the acid-amine complex formation. Our thermochemical study showed an apparent heat of reaction of-25.3 kJ/mol and, at 140 °C, 78% of 3-HP can be recovered in a single step.
Published: 2019
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33. Element content and expression of genes of interest in guard cells are connected to spatiotemporal variations in stomatal conductance

Author: Cyril Buré, Irène Hummel, Oliver Brendel, Nathalie Aubry, Ivana Tomášková, David Cohen, Didier Le Thiec, Maxime Durand, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of Life Sciences Prague, FP7 Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology Watbio/311929, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Region Grand-Est, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-12-LABXARBRE-01 European Union (EU), Le Thiec, Didier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, and Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, DROUGHT TOLERANCE, HYBRID POPLAR, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Guard cell, Arabidopsis thaliana, Abscisic acid, plant stomata, Plant Proteins, biology, droughts, populus euramericana, food and beverages, ABSCISIC-ACID, ANION CHANNEL SLAC1, Proton-Translocating ATPases, elements, Populus, RNA, Plant, LIGHT-INTENSITY, expression des gènes, variabilité spatio temporelle, Stomatal conductance, DNA, Complementary, Genotype, Plant Development, Aquaporin, WATER TRANSPORT, Black poplar, 03 medical and health sciences, ADAXIAL STOMATA, Botany, black poplar, conductance stomatique, Water transport, fungi, HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, Water, Plant Transpiration, PLASMA-MEMBRANE AQUAPORINS, biology.organism_classification, abaxial and adaxial surfaces, gene expression, stomatal conductance, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, Plant Leaves, Light intensity, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, populus nigra, Electron Probe Microanalysis, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Element content and expression of genes of interest on single cell types, such as stomata, provide valuable insights into their specific physiology, improving our understanding of leaf gas exchange regulation. We investigated how far differences in stomatal conductance (g(s)) can be ascribed to changes in guard cells functioning in amphistomateous leaves. g(s) was measured during the day on both leaf sides, on well-watered and drought-stressed trees (two Populus euramericana Moench and two Populus nigra L. genotypes). In parallel, guard cells were dissected for element content and gene expressions analyses. Both were strongly arranged according to genotype, and drought had the lowest impact overall. Normalizing the data by genotype highlighted a structure on the basis of leaf sides and time of day both for element content and gene expression. Guard cells magnesium, phosphorus, and chlorine were the most abundant on the abaxial side in the morning, where g(s) was at the highest. In contrast, genes encoding H+-ATPase and aquaporins were usually more abundant in the afternoon, whereas genes encoding Ca2+-vacuolar antiporters, K+ channels, and ABA-related genes were in general more abundant on the adaxial side. Our work highlights the unique physiology of each leaf side and their analogous rhythmicity through the day.
Published: 2019
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34. Ferulic acid derivatives used as biobased powders for a convenient plasticization of polylactic acid in continuous hot-melt process

Author: Antoine Gallos, Samir Kasmi, Johnny Beaugrand, Gabriel Paës, Florent Allais, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Region Grand Est, Conseil Departemental de la Marne, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, MIGRATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, plastification, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Ferulic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polylactic acid, Materials Chemistry, Thermal stability, acide polylactique, POLY(LACTIC ACID), PHOSPHITE, chemistry.chemical_classification, SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS, Organic Chemistry, Plasticizer, Polymer, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, CHAIN EXTENSION, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Hildebrand solubility parameter, extrusion, chemistry, Chemical engineering, acide férulique, STARCH, Extrusion, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, FIBERS, ferulic acid
Abstract: Plasticizers are additives used to soften polymers, but most of them are oily or waxy and are difficult to process in a continuous hot-melt process. The plasticizing effect of four functionalized ferulic acid derivatives designed with controlled solubility parameters was investigated upon the study of both the thermal stability and the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) blends. The synthesized powders were incorporated into PLA through a continuous hot-melt process (extrusion) allowing the derivatives to turn from crystalline to an amorphous state. Such phase transition permitted the derivatives to act as plasticizers, reaching a reduction of the Young's modulus of PLA by 40% for one of the derivatives blended at 20 wt%. Another derivative decreased the glass transition of the PLA from 56.6 °C to 26.3 °C at the same content. These works demonstrate the interest of using phase transition additives to ease the mixing of efficient plasticizers by hot-melt processing.
Published: 2019
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35. The structure of Trametes versicolor glutathione transferase Omega 3S bound to its conjugation product glutathionyl-phenethylthiocarbamate reveals plasticity of its active site

Author: Thomas Perrot, Mélanie Morel-Rouhier, Mathieu Schwartz, Claude Didierjean, Eric Gelhaye, Frédérique Favier, Guillermo Mulliert, Cristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisations (CRM2), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Region Grand Est CPER 2014-2020, University of Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-11-LAS-0002-01, Universite de Lorraine, PEPS-Mirabelle 2016, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Conformational change, Phenethyl isothiocyanate, Stereochemistry, liaison hydrophobe, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), champignon lignivore, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, trametes versicolor, Isothiocyanates, glutathione transferase, Transferase, Binding site, glutathion, Molecular Biology, polyphenols, 030304 developmental biology, X-ray crystallography, Trametes, 0303 health sciences, Binding Sites, Molecular Structure, biology, wood destroying fungi, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Active site, Glutathione, chemistry, Isothiocyanate, Biocatalysis, biology.protein, Protein Structure Reports, isothiocyanate
Abstract: Trametes versicolor glutathione transferase Omega 3S (TvGSTO3S) catalyzes the conjugation of isothiocyanates (ITC) with glutathione (GSH).Previously, this isoform was investigated in depth both biochemically and structurally. Structural analysis of complexes revealed the presence of a GSH binding site (G site) and a deep hydrophobic binding site (H site) able to bind plant polyphenols. In the present study, crystals of apo TvGSTO3S were soaked with glutathionyl-phenethylthiocarbamate, the product of the reaction between GSH and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC).On the basis of this crystal structure, we show that the phenethyl moiety binds in a new site at loop beta(2)-alpha(2) while the glutathionyl part exhibits a particular conformation that occupies both the G site and the entrance to the H site. This binding mode is allowed by a conformational change of the loop beta(2)-alpha(2) at the enzyme active site. It forms a hydrophobic slit that stabilizes the phenethyl group at a distinct site from the previously described H site.Structural comparison of TvGSTO3S with drosophila DmGSTD2 suggests that this flexible loop could be the region that binds PEITC for both isoforms. These structural features are discussed in a catalytic context.
Published: 2019
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36. A secreted WY-domain-containing protein present in European isolates of the oomycete Plasmopara viticola induces cell death in grapevine and tobacco species

Author: Liron Shenhav, Maud Combier, Edouard Evangelisti, Marie-Christine Piron, David Rengel, Ludovic Legrand, Sebastian Schornack, Pere Mestre, Olivier Bouchez, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French National Research Agency (ANR) : ANR-13-ADAP-0003 INRA BAP Department, Region Grand-Est, Gatsby Charitable Foundation, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Leaves, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Database and Informatics Methods, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Vitis, Cloning, Molecular, Post-Translational Modification, Phylogeny, Flowering Plants, Oomycete, Peronospora, Multidisciplinary, Vegetal Biology, biology, Cell Death, Effector, Plant Anatomy, Eukaryota, Plants, Europe, Oomycetes, Cell Processes, Plasmopara viticola, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Medicine, Grapevine, Sequence Analysis, Signal Peptides, Research Article, Signal peptide, Bioinformatics, Science, Protein domain, Plant Pathogens, Sequence alignment, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Evolution, Molecular, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Protein Domains, Species Specificity, Sequence Motif Analysis, Tobacco, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Nicotiana, Plant Diseases, Cell Nucleus, Organisms, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Cell Biology, Plant Pathology, biology.organism_classification, United States, 030104 developmental biology, Downy Mildew, Downy mildew, Sequence Alignment, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Plasmopara viticola is a biotrophic oomycete pathogen causing grapevine downy mildew. We characterized the repertoire of P. viticola effector proteins which may be translocated into plants to support the disease. We found several secreted proteins that contain canonical dEER motifs and conserved WY-domains but lack the characteristic RXLR motif reported previously from oomycete effectors. We cloned four candidates and showed that one of them, Pv33, induces plant cell death in grapevine and Nicotiana species. This activity is dependent on the nuclear localization of the protein. Sequence similar effectors were present in seven European, but in none of the tested American isolates. Together our work contributes a new type of conserved P. viticola effector candidates.
Published: 2019
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37. Comparative Genomics among Closely Related Streptomyces Strains Revealed Specialized Metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Diversity

Author: Vicente, Cláudia, Thibessard, Annabelle, Lorenzi, Jean-Noël, Benhadj, Mabrouka, Hotel, Laurence, Gacemi-Kirane, Djamila, Lespinet, Olivier, Leblond, Pierre, Aigle, Bertrand, Dynamique des Génomes et Adaptation Microbienne (DynAMic), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba (UBMA), French National Research Agency ANR StreptofluxANR-07-BLAN-0096, ANR MiGenIs ANR-13-BSV6-0006, Region Grand Est, IMPACT BIOMOLECULES, ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015), ANR-07-BLAN-0096,StreptoFlux,Gene flux in Streptomyces: conjugative transfer, chromosomal recombination, and impact of biotic factors.(2007), ANR-13-BSV6-0009,MiGenIs,Recherche de nouveaux gènes du métabolisme secondaire par exploration d'ilots génomiques(2013), European Project: 609398,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,AGREENSKILLSPLUS(2014), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Badji Mokhtar - Annaba [Annaba] (UBMA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE,LUE,Lorraine Université d'Excellence(2016), and ANR-07-BLAN-0096,BLANC,Gene flux in Streptomyces: conjugative transfer, chromosomal recombination, and impact of biotic factors.(2007)
Subjects: biosynthetic gene cluster, génomique comparative, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Communication, specialized metabolites, lcsh:RM1-950, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Streptomyces, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, strain, métabolite, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS, NATURAL-PRODUCT, COELICOLOR, EXPRESSION, LIVIDANS, FAMILY, CLADE, DNA, antimicrobien
Abstract: International audience; Specialized metabolites are of great interest due to their possible industrial and clinical applications. The increasing number of antimicrobial resistant infectious agents is a major health threat and therefore, the discovery of chemical diversity and new antimicrobials is crucial. Extensive genomic data from Streptomyces spp. confirm their production potential and great importance. Genome sequencing of the same species strains indicates that specialized metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster (SMBGC) diversity is not exhausted, and instead, a pool of novel specialized metabolites still exists. Here, we analyze the genome sequence data from six phylogenetically close Streptomyces strains. The results reveal that the closer strains are phylogenetically, the number of shared gene clusters is higher. Eight specialized metabolites comprise the core metabolome, although some strains have only six core gene clusters. The number of conserved gene clusters common between the isolated strains and their closest phylogenetic counterparts varies from nine to 23 SMBGCs. However, the analysis of these phylogenetic relationships is not affected by the acquisition of gene clusters, probably by horizontal gene transfer events, as each strain also harbors strain-specific SMBGCs. Between one and 15 strain-specific gene clusters were identified, of which up to six gene clusters in a single strain are unknown and have no identifiable orthologs in other species, attesting to the existing SMBGC novelty at the strain level.
Published: 2018
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38. Output injection filtering redesign in high-gain observers

Author: Daniele Astolfi, Luca Zaccarian, Marc Jungers, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Méthodes et Algorithmes en Commande (LAAS-MAC), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), University of Trento [Trento], Region Grand-Est, CaRiTRo, grant PowerLyap, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, High-gain antenna, Observer (quantum physics), Noise measurement, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Filter (signal processing), Dynamical system, Term (time), Noise, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control theory, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-SY]Computer Science [cs]/Systems and Control [cs.SY]
Abstract: International audience; We propose a new paradigm to redesign high-gain observers in order to improve performances in the presence of measurement noise. In particular, instead of driving the observer by means of a standard output injection term, we filter it with a dynamical system having good filtering properties. In this first preliminary result we also select the filter in order to address numerical challenges.
Published: 2018

39. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of renewable sterically-hindered phenolic antioxidants with tunable polarity from lignocellulose and vegetal oil components

Author: Sandra Domenek, Florent Allais, Louis Hollande, Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, Ingénierie, Procédés, Aliments (GENIAL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Grand Reims, Conseil General de la Marne, Region Grand Est, and Allais, Florent
Subjects: Antioxidant, antioxidant, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CAL-B, 02 engineering and technology, Lignin, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Antioxidants, lcsh:Chemistry, ferulic acid, fatty acid ethyl esters, Ferulic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Organic chemistry, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, Candida, biology, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computer Science Applications, 0210 nano-technology, Thermogravimetric analysis, Coumaric Acids, 010402 general chemistry, Article, Catalysis, Fungal Proteins, Inorganic Chemistry, Phenols, Glycerol, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Thermal stability, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Esterification, Organic Chemistry, Lipase, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Candida antarctica, Oils
Abstract: Despite their great antioxidant activities, the use of natural phenols as antioxidant additives for polyolefins is limited owing to their weak thermal stability and hydrophilic character. Herein, we report a sustainable chemo-enzymatic synthesis of renewable lipophilic antioxidants specifically designed to overcome these restrictions using naturally occurring ferulic acid (found in lignocellulose) and vegetal oils (i.e., lauric, palmitic, stearic acids, and glycerol) as starting materials. A predictive Hansen and Hildebrand parameters-based approach was used to tailor the polarity of newly designed structures. A specific affinity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) towards glycerol was demonstrated and exploited to efficiently synthesized the target compounds in yields ranging from 81 to 87%. Antiradical activity as well as radical scavenging behavior (H atom-donation, kinetics) of these new fully biobased additives were found superior to that of well-established, commercially available fossil-based antioxidants such as Irganox 1010&reg, and Irganox 1076&reg, Finally, their greater thermal stabilities (302 &lt, Td5% &lt, 311 &deg, C), established using thermal gravimetric analysis, combined with their high solubilities and antioxidant activities, make these novel sustainable phenolics a very attractive alternative to current fossil-based antioxidant additives in polyolefins.
Published: 2018
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40. Facing global change

Author: Basso, Veronica, de Freitas Pereira, Maira, Maillard, François, Mallerman, Julieta, Mangeot-Peter, Lauralie, ZHANG, Feng, Bonnot, Clémence, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), LabEx ARBRE : Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems ([LabEx ARBRE]), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Propriété Forestière-CRITT Bois-European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI)-Université de Lorraine (UL), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), New Phytologist Trust, LabEx ARBRE ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, Region Grand-Est, University of Lorraine, Genomic Science Programme of the US Department of Energy as part of the Plant-Microbe Interfaces Scientific Focus Area, ANPCyT PICT 2015-1231 PICT 2016-1780 University of Buenos Aires (UBACyT), CONICET of Argentina, ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Propriété Forestière-CRITT Bois-European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: SECURITY, IMPACTS, anthropocene, CLIMATE-CHANGE, PESTS, production agricole, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], durabilité, sustainability, ACCLIMATION, agricultural production, changement global, GROWTH, RESISTANCE, DROUGHT
Abstract: We entered the Anthropocene with the industrial revolution. This geological era is defined by the unprecedented impact of human activities on the planet's geochemical cycles, making us the main driving force of Earth environmental changes (Crutzen, 2002; Steffen et al., 2011). Since the middle of the twentieth century the human population has tripled, reaching seven billion today and probably 10 billion by 2050 (United Nations, 2015). This dramatic increase, associated with the improvement in the welfare of the population, has led to the overexploitation of natural resources. Intensive agriculture and industrialization has resulted in global warming, modification of nutrient cycles, pollution and reduction of wilderness; and endangering the preservation of eco‐ and agro‐systems (Tilman et al., 2002; Steffen et al., 2011; Ehrlich & Harte, 2015). Today, the challenge is not only to intensify agro‐productions to feed, fuel and shelter the growing population; but to do so in spite of the consequences of climate change while lessening our impact on the supporting ecosystems (Godfray et al., 2010; Ehrlich & Harte, 2015; Byrne et al., 2018).
Published: 2018
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41. Detoxification of highly acidic hemicellulosic hydrolysate from wheat straw by diananofiltration with a focus on phenolic compounds

Author: Andreia R. S. Teixeira, Marie-Laure Lameloise, Marielle Bouix, Axel Fayet, Florent Allais, Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ingénierie, Procédés, Aliments (GENIAL), Region Grand Est, and Conseil Departemental de la Marne and Grand Reims
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Filtration and Separation, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Furfural, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Diafiltration, Hydrolysate, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hemicellulosic hydrolysate, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Osmotic pressure, General Materials Science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Steam explosion, Chromatography, food and beverages, Sulfuric acid, Straw, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanofiltration, Phenolic compounds, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Detoxification
Abstract: International audience; Nanofiltration was studied for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysates obtained in harsh conditions. A hemicellulosic hydrolysate obtained from sulfuric acid steam explosion of wheat straw and presenting very low pH ( = 1) and high osmotic pressure (28 bar) was studied and 8 inhibitory compounds were followed, among which 4 phenolic compounds. Several polymeric nanofiltration membranes were compared for separation performances and permeabilities; DK membrane (GE Osmonics) proved suitable with high rejection of sugars ( > 99%) and lower rejections of inhibitors. Acetic acid and furfural were quasi-fully transmitted whereas the rejection of compounds ranked as follow: HMF (5-hydroxymethyl-furfural) < coumaric acid < levulinic acid < vanillin < ferulic acid < syringaldehyde with values of 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90% and 98%, respectively, at a permeate flux of 14 L h(-1) m(-2). Diafiltration was carried out at a transmembrane pressure of 26 bar until 3 DV (Diafiltration Volume) to complete detoxification, and continuous and sequential-dilution modes were compared. Thanks to the permeability of the membrane to the monovalent form of sulfuric acid HSO4-, effective transmembrane pressure was increased and pH reached 2. At 3 DV, both modes showed removal performances between 92% (acetic acid and furfural) and 25% (syringaldehyde). Irreversible fouling was observed, leading to 30% permeability loss after diafiltration.
Published: 2018
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42. Molecular recognition of wood polyphenols by phase II detoxification enzymes of the white rot Trametes versicolor

Author: Schwartz, Mathieu, Perrot, Thomas, Aubert, Emmanuel, Dumarçay, Stéphane, Favier, Frédérique, Gérardin, Philippe, Morel-Rouhier, Mélanie, Mulliert, Guillermo, Saiag, Fanny, Didierjean, Claude, Gelhaye, Eric, Cristallographie, Résonance Magnétique et Modélisations (CRM2), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), ANR (ANR-11-LAS-0002-01), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lorraine, Region Grand Est, and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: PRUNUS-AVIUM, STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE, GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASES, cerisier, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, reconnaissance moléculaire, Crystallography, X-Ray, Article, cristallographie macromoléculaire, Fungal Proteins, polyphénol, Benzophenones, trametes versicolor, champignon du bois, enzyme de détoxification, Amino Acid Sequence, ADAPTATION, lcsh:Science, Glutathione Transferase, Flavonoids, Trametes, cherry tree, Binding Sites, IDENTIFICATION, Protein Stability, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, lcsh:R, Temperature, FUNGI, Polyphenols, food and beverages, EXTRACTIVES, Wood, Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Isoenzymes, Kinetics, INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE, dégradation du bois, lcsh:Q, molecular recognition, Prunus, Sequence Alignment
Abstract: Wood decay fungi have complex detoxification systems that enable them to cope with secondary metabolites produced by plants. Although the number of genes encoding for glutathione transferases is especially expanded in lignolytic fungi, little is known about their target molecules. In this study, by combining biochemical, enzymatic and structural approaches, interactions between polyphenols and six glutathione transferases from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor have been demonstrated. Two isoforms, named TvGSTO3S and TvGSTO6S have been deeply studied at the structural level. Each isoform shows two distinct ligand-binding sites, a narrow L-site at the dimer interface and a peculiar deep hydrophobic H-site. In TvGSTO3S, the latter appears optimized for aromatic ligand binding such as hydroxybenzophenones. Affinity crystallography revealed that this H-site retains the flavonoid dihydrowogonin from a partially purified wild-cherry extract. Besides, TvGSTO6S binds two molecules of the flavonoid naringenin in the L-site. These data suggest that TvGSTO isoforms could interact with plant polyphenols released during wood degradation.
Published: 2018
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43. Bacterial weathering and its contribution to nutrient cycling in temperate forest ecosystems

Author: Philippe Oger, Stéphane Uroz, Pascale Frey-Klett, Cendrella Lepleux, Marie-Pierre Turpault, Christelle Collignon, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Programme national Ecosphere Continentale et Cotiere EC2CORegion Grand-Est INRA Region Grand-Est ONF (Office Nationale des Forets), Programme national Ecosphere Continentale et Cotiere : EC2CO, Bureau des Ressources genetiques (BRG), Region Lorraine, INRA, Lorraine Région, ONF (Office Nationale des Forêts), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nutrient cycle, Mineral-weathering, Forest management, Biology, Plant Roots, Microbiology, Nutrient cycling, Carbon Cycle, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, Soil, Mycorrhizae, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, Forest, Symbiosis, Weather, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, 030304 developmental biology, Forest floor, Minerals, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bacteria, Ecology, Temperate forest, Pyrosequencing, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Nitrogen Cycle, 15. Life on land, Old-growth forest, Bacterial communities, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Terrestrial ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Unlike farmland, forests growing on acidic soils are among the terrestrial ecosystems that are the least influenced or amended by man. Forests which developed on acidic soils are characterized by an important stock of inorganic nutrients entrapped in poorly weatherable soil minerals. In this context, the mineral-weathering process is of great importance, since such minerals are not easily accessible to tree roots. To date, several bacterial genera have been noted for their ability to weather minerals and, in the case of some of them, to improve tree nutrition. Nevertheless, few studies have focused their analyses on mineral-weathering bacterial communities in relation to geochemical cycles and soil characteristics, their ecological origin, associated tree species and forest management practices. Here we discuss the heterogeneity of the mineral-weathering process in forest soils and present what is known concerning the taxonomic and functional characteristics of mineral-weathering bacteria, as well as the different locations where they have been isolated in forest soils. We also discuss the biotic and abiotic factors that may influence the distribution of these bacteria, such as the effect of tree species or forest management practices.
Published: 2011
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44. Best practice guidance for antibiotic audit and feedback interventions in primary care: a modified Delphi study from the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial resistance: Primary Care Antibiotic Audit and Feedback Network (JPIAMR-PAAN).

Author: Schwartz KL, Xu AXT, Alderson S, Bjerrum L, Brehaut J, Brown BC, Bucher HC, De Sutter A, Francis N, Grimshaw J, Gunnarsson R, Hoye S, Ivers N, Lecky DM, Lindbæk M, Linder JA, Little P, Michalsen BO, O'Connor D, Pulcini C, Sundvall PD, Lundgren PT, Verbakel JY, and Verheij TJ
Subjects: Humans, Feedback, Delphi Technique, Primary Health Care, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Abstract: Background: Primary care is a critical partner for antimicrobial stewardship efforts given its high human antibiotic usage. Peer comparison audit and feedback (A&F) is often used to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The design and implementation of A&F may impact its effectiveness. There are no best practice guidelines for peer comparison A&F in antibiotic prescribing in primary care., Objective: To develop best practice guidelines for peer comparison A&F for antibiotic prescribing in primary care in high income countries by leveraging international expertise via the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance-Primary Care Antibiotic Audit and Feedback Network., Methods: We used a modified Delphi process to achieve convergence of expert opinions on best practice statements for peer comparison A&F based on existing evidence and theory. Three rounds were performed, each with online surveys and virtual meetings to enable discussion and rating of each best practice statement. A five-point Likert scale was used to rate consensus with a median threshold score of 4 to indicate a consensus statement., Results: The final set of guidelines include 13 best practice statements in four categories: general considerations (n = 3), selecting feedback recipients (n = 1), data and indicator selection (n = 4), and feedback delivery (n = 5)., Conclusion: We report an expert-derived best practice recommendations for designing and evaluating peer comparison A&F for antibiotic prescribing in primary care. These 13 statements can be used by A&F designers to optimize the impact of their quality improvement interventions, and improve antibiotic prescribing in primary care., (© 2023. Crown.)
Published: 2023
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