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This article employs Indigenous urbanism as an analytical approach, as developed by Anishinaabe and settler scholar Heather Dorries (2023), to show how pedagogical interventions employed in the teaching of an undergraduate course at Concordia University (Montreal, Canada) contributed to an enhanced theorization of the city. It discusses the ways in which pedagogical activities shaped the students’ understanding of historiography, Indigenous urban lives, and the construction of shared urban spaces. In focusing on the local histories, territorialities, and specificities of Montreal as a shared and continuously renegotiated Indigenous-settler space, pedagogical interventions used in the course prompted students to reflect on how their own positionality coproduces knowledge about the city. Understanding themselves as knowledge makers, and thus co-producers of urban spaces, students were able to better define the contours of their own relations to the Montreal urban spatialities and socialities. By generously sharing their evolving meaning-making and positionalities, students demonstrated that the Right to the City is a collective reclamation of the urban space that recognizes and affirms Indigenous peoples as rights holders and not simply stakeholders.

Traffic accidents are among the most common causes of death worldwide. According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), 50 million people are involved in traffic accidents every year. Canada, particularly Montreal, is not immune to this problem. Data from the Société de l'Assurance Automobile du Québec (SAAQ) show that there were 392 deaths on Québec roads in 2022, 38 of them related to the city of Montreal. This value represents an increase of 29.3% for the city of Montreal compared with the average for the years 2017 to 2021. In this context, it is important to take concrete measures to improve traffic safety in the city of Montreal. In this article, we present a web-based solution based on machine learning that predicts the severity of traffic accidents in Montreal. This solution uses a dataset of traffic accidents that occurred in Montreal between 2012 and 2021. By predicting the severity of accidents, our approach aims to identify key factors that influence whether an accident is serious or not. Understanding these factors can help authorities implement targeted interventions to prevent severe accidents and allocate resources more effectively during emergency responses. Classification algorithms such as eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GB) were used to develop the prediction model. Performance metrics such as precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy were used to evaluate the prediction model. The performance analysis shows an excellent accuracy of 96% for the prediction model based on the XGBoost classifier. The other models (CatBoost, RF, GB) achieved 95%, 93%, and 89% accuracy, respectively. The prediction model based on the XGBoost classifier was deployed using a client–server web application managed by Swagger-UI, Angular, and the Flask Python framework. This study makes significant contributions to the field by employing an ensemble of supervised machine learning algorithms, achieving a high prediction accuracy, and developing a real-time prediction web application. This application enables quicker and more effective responses from emergency services, potentially reducing the impact of severe accidents and improving overall traffic safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Montreal implemented pro-cycling measures and enhanced its cycling infrastructure, notably by the introduction of the Réseau Express Vélo (REV), an extensive network of separated high-capacity bike lanes inaugurated in 2020. This paper delves into the pandemic's impact on Montreal's cycling network, with specific focus on the Berri/Lajeunesse/Saint-Denis REV route, evaluating its influence on the recovery of adjacent bike lanes and its effectiveness in attracting new cyclists. Using data from sensors installed along Montreal's bike lanes between 2018 and 2023, our analysis reveals an initial average 28% decline in cycling volumes at the onset of the pandemic. However, from 2021 onwards, disparities began to emerge. While sensors on adjacent parallel bike routes to REV recorded further declines in ridership, those elsewhere in the city showed signs of cycling recovery, suggesting a shift in the cycling patterns towards the REV. Distinguishing between cyclists displaced from other parallel bike lanes and those representing a pent-up demand, our study indicates that the displaced cyclists accounted for 64% of the REV's ridership at the southernmost sensors and only 7% at the northernmost sensors in 2023. These findings have significant policy implications, as cyclists comprised within the pent-up demand category correspond to those having transitioned from not using bike lanes to utilizing safer cycling infrastructure and account for the net growth in the cycling mode share directly attributable to the REV. Both of these observations are pivotal in fostering a shift away from cars and steering Montreal towards achieving its cycling mode share goal of 15% by 2027. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo se detallan los vacíos y omisiones en conservación (GAP) de los tipos de vegetación en las 43 áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) y 10 ANP propuestas para Nuevo León, cuya extensión total es de 2,059,730 ha, lo cual representa el 32.1% del territorio estatal. Para ello, se determinó el grado de representatividad de los tipos de vegetación primaria en las actuales ANP y 10 ANP propuestas con base a las regiones de montaña y lomeríos (pendientes > 5 grados), la vegetación primaria y los sitios de prioridad extrema para la conservación de la biodiversidad, excluyendo las áreas con asentamientos humanos. Los tres tipos de vegetación natural de condición primaria que son vacíos en conservación en las actuales ANP de Nuevo León, son: bosque de galería, pastizal halófilo y matorral crasicaule. Con la incorporación de las 10 ANP propuestas a las ya existentes, sólo quedaría el bosque de galería como vacío en conservación y seis de los 22 tipos de vegetación del Estado como omisiones en conservación. Los restantes 14 tipos de vegetación están representados por encima del 30% en ANP. Se concluye que es necesario dotar a las ANP de los medios suficientes que permitan implementar las acciones de conservación.

The city of Montreal is an important destination, behind Toronto and Vancouver, for filming in Canada, both nationally and internationally (especially for U.S. filmmakers). The article aims to compare filming locations, representations of the city on screen and geographical imaginaries linked to Montreal: to what extent does the choice of filming locations lead to a selective image of the city of Montreal according to the productions and the audiences? While the city of Montreal is often used as a generic or substitute city setting in American series, some Quebec productions choose, on the contrary, a strong territorial anchoring in more peripheral neighborhoods. The use of cross-methodologies allows us to question the notion of the imaginary applied to the city of Montreal, and the discrepancies observed between a city that is seen from the outside and a city that is seen by its inhabitants, an inhabited city. The article will focus on the mini-series “Je voudrais qu'on m'efface”, which takes place in the working-class and multicultural Saint-Michel district, in order to examine the inhabitation of the district as it is represented on screen, thereby overcoming certain representations of the city in other series and nourishing the Montreal imaginary.

Greater Montreal is situated in a region with moderate seismic activity and rests on soft ground deposits from the ancient Champlain Sea, as well as more recent alluvial deposits from the Saint Lawrence River. These deposits have the potential to amplify seismic waves, as demonstrated by past strong, and recent weak, earthquakes. Studies based on the 2015 National Seismic Hazard Model (SHM5) had estimated losses to residential buildings at 2% of their value for an event with a return period of 2475 years. In 2020, the seismic hazard model was updated (SHM6), resulting in more severe hazards for eastern Canada. This paper aims to quantify the impact of these changes on losses to residential buildings in Greater Montreal. Our exposure database includes population and buildings at the scale of dissemination areas (500–1000 inhabitants). Buildings are classified by occupancy and construction type and grouped into three building code levels based on year of construction. The value of buildings is obtained from property-valuation rolls and the content value is derived from insurance data. Damage and losses are calculated using Hazus software developed for FEMA. Losses are shown to be 53% higher than the SHM5 estimates.

In recent years, the question of "difference" has become a central feature of public debate and social concern, especially in the context of transnational migration. The underlying question that we attempt to answer in this article is: how can we talk about difference without reinforcing prejudice? Starting from the observation that perceptions and representations of difference have an impact on the way that individuals and groups interact with each other in increasingly diverse urban environments, we argue that a systemic approach to the analysis of intercultural situations gives us a unique window into emerging discourses and evolving norms about difference. After a brief historical overview of debates surrounding cross-cultural comparison in anthropology, we consider how various fields outside of anthropology have drawn inspiration from anthropology in order to gain a deeper understanding of intercultural dynamics in various professional settings. This article also examines several anthropological concepts that have been used as tools to theorize cross-cultural comparison, and how participants in a new research methodology use the systemic notion of "cultural variables" to resolve the basic paradox underlying pluralist philosophy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater Montreal is situated in a region with moderate seismic activity and rests on soft ground deposits from the ancient Champlain Sea, as well as more recent alluvial deposits from the Saint Lawrence River. These deposits have the potential to amplify seismic waves, as demonstrated by past strong, and recent weak, earthquakes. Studies based on the 2015 National Seismic Hazard Model (SHM5) had estimated losses to residential buildings at 2% of their value for an event with a return period of 2475 years. In 2020, the seismic hazard model was updated (SHM6), resulting in more severe hazards for eastern Canada. This paper aims to quantify the impact of these changes on losses to residential buildings in Greater Montreal. Our exposure database includes population and buildings at the scale of dissemination areas (500–1000 inhabitants). Buildings are classified by occupancy and construction type and grouped into three building code levels based on year of construction. The value of buildings is obtained from property-valuation rolls and the content value is derived from insurance data. Damage and losses are calculated using Hazus software developed for FEMA. Losses are shown to be 53% higher than the SHM5 estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study documents the experiences of youths in Montréal during both their university and post-university phases, specifically focusing on individuals whose parents originate from the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, or Latin America. Through semi-structured interviews with six youths who interrupted their university studies, our investigation employs the theory of structuration and the concept of intergenerational temporality. The findings illuminate the challenges these individuals face in deciphering the intricacies of the academic landscape and highlight their struggle to establish a genuine sense of belonging within the university environment. Furthermore, our analysis sheds light on the discernible impact of parental expectations, which contribute to prolonging their educational journey. Notably, following the interruption of their university studies, our examination accentuates the agency displayed by these youths beyond the confines of the university. Their choices to either reenroll in a college or technical program or directly enter the job market underscore their agency. In conclusion, we underscore the imperative need to deconstruct the prevailing university model, advocating for a paradigm shift that prioritizes adapting the educational system to the diverse needs of students. This approach, rooted in principles of equity and social justice, emphasizes the significance of reconfiguring the educational landscape to better serve the student body.

Building upon fairly recent scholarship on the reception of Holocaust survivors in Canada and Montreal more specifically, this article examines a synagogue and sisterhood specific to Hungarian Holocaust survivors in Montreal, most of whom arrived in the wake of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Holocaust survivor accounts suggest a barrier between them and previously settled Canadian Jews, particularly in the realms of sociability and synagogue life. This barrier was heightened among Hungarians given the language gap, contributing to their impetus for a synagogue of their own, named the Hungarian Martyrs Synagogue. Their Holocaust commemoration events and dances were distinctive in their reverential discourse of martyrdom, and sense of cultural revitalization. The primary source base for this article is the memorial volume of the Hungarian Martyrs Synagogue (which includes commemorative poetry), with insight and context from oral history interviews.

El texto explora un asunto a menudo omitido: la funcion que desempen la noche en la arquitectura y los estudios urbanos. La discusion, enmarcada en el ambito emergente de los “estudios nocturnos”, destaca el seminario “Montreal by Night”, cuyo eje central fue la tension entre las imagenes oficiales de la ciudad y sus actividades nocturnas. Alli se exploraron temas como la historia de las trabajadoras sexuales, la cobertura mediatica y la transformacion de los barrios asociados a la vida nocturna. El articulo enfatiza que es necesario planificar y establecer formas inclusivas de gobernanza de la vida nocturna y destaca la importancia de preservar artefactos y archivos efimeros. En lineas generales, el texto enfatiza la creciente importancia de los estudios nocturnos en la investigacion academica, las politicas publicas y el activismo.

The metropolitan community of Montreal (MMC) is located in Eastern Canada and included in the western Quebec seismic zone characterized by shallow crustal earthquakes and moderate seismicity. Most of the urbanized areas are settled close to the Saint-Lawrence River and its tributaries and within the region, delimiting the extension of the clay deposits from the Champlain Sea. The influence of these recent and soft deposits on seismic waves has been observed after the 1988 M5.8 Saguenay earthquake and has proven to be crucial in seismic hazard analysis. The shear-wave velocity Vs averaged over the 30 m of soil, abbreviated Vs30, is one of the most used parameters to characterize the site condition and its influence on seismic waves. Since 2000, a site condition model has been developed for the municipalities of Montreal and Laval, combining seismic and borehole data for risk mitigation purposes. The paper presents an extended version of the Vs30 mapping for the entire region of the MMC, which accounts for half of the population of Quebec, including additional ambient noise recordings, recently updated borehole datasets, geological vector map and unpublished seismic refraction data to derive Vs profiles. The estimated Vs30 values for thousands of sites are then interpolated on a regular grid of 0.01 degrees using the inverse distance weighted interpolation approach. Regions with the lowest estimated Vs30 values where site amplification could be expected on seismic waves are in the Northeastern part and in the Southwest of the MMC. The map expresses in terms of site classes is compared with intensity values derived from citizen observations after recent felt. In general, the highest reported intensity values are found in regions with the lowest Vs30 values on the map. Areas where this rule does not apply, should be investigated further. This site condition model can be used in seismic hazard and risk analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materia Arquitectura is the property of Universidad San Sebastian and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As cities work to accelerate sustainable-transport transitions, the expansion of cycling networks has become a significant topic of debate. Even as cycling modal shares are increasing across many North American contexts, “bikelash” (i.e., community opposition to cycling facilities) remains prevalent. In this paper, we draw from qualitative questionnaire data and quantitative travel data from Montréal, Québec to contribute a situated understanding of factors influencing both positive and negative social perceptions of cycling infrastructure. Our analysis confirms general trends that contribute to residents’ overall satisfaction with recent cycling interventions, including enhanced safety considerations and family-friendly infrastructure. We also identify particular sources of bikelash that require deeper consideration, including conflicting ideas about the impacts of cycling facilities on local businesses, divergent opinions about the planning process, perceived inequities in the distribution of cycling networks, as well as issues of seasonality and modal integration. These findings can be of interest to practitioners and decision makers working to support sustainable-mobility transitions, including recommendations on public-communication and consultation processes, winter cycling facilities, integrated infrastructure for active travel, as well as the inclusion of socialequity and critical-disability perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of the Italian pavilion at Expo 67 in Montréal, Canada (1966-1967) was the result of a choral effort which involved Giulio Carlo Argan, Cosimo Carlucci, Umberto Eco, Leoncillo Leonardi, Bruno Munari, the Passarelli studio, Arnaldo Pomodoro, Leonardo Ricci, Carlo Scarpa, Emilio Vedova and Bruno Zevi. Leonardo Ricci designed the Staging of the costume sector by creating cavernous concretions that housed an exhibition curated by Umberto Eco. The interpretation proposed here, focuses on the formal genealogies of the work, trying to contextualise its birth in the Florentine cultural context during the 1960s and within Ricci’s research.

Forced mobility among homeless injection drug users and crack smokers in Montréal: This article focuses on the various actors in the urban setting who contribute to the increase in the forced mobility of homeless injection drug users and crack smokers in Montréal, Canada. The objective is to analyze who these actors are and how they contribute to increasing this forced mobility from the perspective of homeless injection drug users and crack smokers in relation to three needs : basic needs, acquisition of financial resources, and drug use. One hundred and six semi‐structured interviews were conducted among this population. The results indicate that various actors—police officers, community organization, peers, municipal administration, storekeepers, and residents—contribute to the forced mobility of this population in their daily activities. As for their needs, it is when they use drugs, sleep, or loiter that they are more likely to experience events of forced mobility. Police officers are by far the actors who contribute the most to this, often in a repressive way. The role of the municipality is also a determining factor in the daily activities of homeless injection drug users and crack smokers. Messages clés: Plusieurs types d'acteurs (policiers, organismes communautaires, pairs, administration municipale, commerçants et résidents) sont impliqués dans des évènements de mobilité forcée.Les policiers sont les plus impliqués dans les évènements de mobilité forcée.Concernant les besoins, consommer, dormir et occuper l'espace public sont à l'origine du plus grand nombre de déplacements forcés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 15 August 1983, 9,500 workers from the Montréal locals of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union went on strike for the first time in 43 years. The strike became known as "la grève de la fierté" and made clear that the women working in the city's garment factories were taking a stand against the layoffs and closures prompted by industrial restructuring and deindustrialization. However, the strike's success was limited, revealing the extent to which the structural inequities in the garment industry had calcified along gendered, classed, and ethnic lines. The union executive had grown increasingly distant from its rank-and-file, and it was immigrant women workers who were left to organize against the flurry of closures and the corresponding decline in their working conditions. The campaign leading up to the 1983 strike, organized by the Comité d'action des travailleurs du vêtement, articulated a series of demands for the improvement of workplace health and safety conditions, better benefits, and more representative union leadership. With original archival research and oral history interviews, I argue that the 1983 "grève de la fierté" illustrates how the historically entrenched gendered structure of labour relations shaped the pathways of deindustrialization in Montréal's garment industry. Le 15 août 1983, 9 500 travailleuses des sections locales montréalaises de l'Union internationale des ouvrières du vêtement pour dames se sont mis en grève pour la première fois en 43 ans. Cette grève, connue sous le nom de « grève de la fierté », montre que les femmes travaillant dans les usines de confection de la ville prennent position contre les licenciements et les fermetures provoqués par la restructuration industrielle et la désindustrialisation. Cependant, le succès de la grève a été limité, révélant à quel point les inégalités structurelles dans l'industrie de la confection s'étaient calcifiées selon les critères de genre, de classe et d'ethnie. La direction du syndicat s'était éloignée de plus en plus de sa base, et ce sont les travailleuses immigrées qui ont dû s'organiser pour lutter contre les fermetures et la dégradation correspondante de leurs conditions de travail. La campagne qui a mené à la grève de 1983, organisée par le Comité d'action des travailleurs du vêtement, a formulé une série de demandes pour l'amélioration des conditions de santé et de sécurité au travail, de meilleurs avantages sociaux et une direction syndicale plus représentative. À l'aide d'une recherche archivistique originale et d'entrevues d'histoire orale, je soutiens que la « grève de la fierté » de 1983 illustre comment la structure genrée des relations de travail a façonné les voies de la désindustrialisation dans l'industrie du vêtement de Montréal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tecovirimat (TCV, TPOXX®) is an orthopox-specific antiviral drug indicated for the treatment of smallpox. There is also a mechanistic basis for its use in mpox infection. However, its approval was based on animal studies, and its efficacy and side-effect profile in human patients with disease is unknown. Methods: During the 2022 international mpox epidemic, clinicians in Canada were permitted by Health Canada to access TCV for severe cases of mpox disease. We describe the use of TCV in nine adults with severe mpox virus infection in Montréal, Canada. Results: Five patients were treated for severe and potentially life-threatening head and neck symptoms, while four were treated for genitourinary or anorectal disease. Two-thirds of patients were also treated for suspected bacterial superinfection. All patients recovered (median time to resolution of severe symptoms: nine days) without relapse or hospital readmission. No patients reported adverse events attributable to TCV and no patients stopped their treatment early. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that TCV is well tolerated and may accelerate recovery in severe cases. These preliminary, observational data may also be explained by concomitant treatment for superinfection and are limited by the absence of a control group. Controlled, clinical trials should be conducted to clarify the attributable benefit of TCV in severe mpox infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have proven that urban greenness is an important factor when cyclists choose a route. Thus, detecting trees along a cycling route is a major key to assessing the quality of cycling routes and providing further arguments to improve ridership and the better design of cycling routes. The rise in the use of video recordings in data collection provides access to a new point of view of a city, with data recorded at eye level. This method may be superior to the commonly used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite imagery because satellite images are costly to obtain and cloud cover sometimes obscures the view. This study has two objectives: (1) to assess the number of trees along a cycling route using software object detection on videos, particularly the Detectron2 library, and (2) to compare the detected canopy on the videos to other canopy data to determine if they are comparable. Using bicycles installed with cameras and GPS, four participants cycled on 141 predefined routes in Montréal over 87 h for a total of 1199 km. More than 300,000 images were extracted and analyzed using Detectron2. The results show that the detection of trees using the software is accurate. Moreover, the comparison reveals a strong correlation (>0.75) between the two datasets. This means that the canopy data could be replaced by video-detected trees, which is particularly relevant in cities where open GIS data on street vegetation are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Par ses expérimentations numériques, la littérature urbaine permet une appréhension kaléidoscopique et polyphonique de l’espace. Cette pratique scripturale, essentielle dans les narrations vidéoludiques, rend également le médium intimement spatial. L’œuvre twittéraire collective montréalaise #dérive (2010, en cours) actualise les figures de lecture développées par Gervais (2007). Cette œuvre fragmentaire construit une anthologie permanente de la ville par son exploration aléatoire et ludique, actualisant la figure du museur. L’œuvre apporte une compréhension collective d’expériences urbaines pourtant personnelles, permettant la construction de significations complexes (figure de l’interprète). En s’ajoutant et se superposant, ces perceptions particulières, poétiques et narratives, apportent une transcription infraordinaire de la ville, archivant un texte urbain en perpétuelle réécriture.

Cet article porte sur la place citoyenne dans la culture de proximité à Montréal. Il s’appuie sur une recherche s’intéressant à la vision que les acteurs locaux ont du rôle de la culture dans le développement local et de la place des citoyens et citoyennes dans le développement culturel. Menée en 2021-2022, la recherche se fonde sur l’idée selon laquelle l’activité culturelle constitue une sphère importante du développement des villes, autant sur le plan de l’économie que sur celui de l’intégration et de la cohésion sociale des collectivités. L’arrondissement de Montréal-Nord permet de documenter certains des principaux enjeux soulevés dans cette recherche touchant à la participation citoyenne au développement local par la culture, notamment en ce qui concerne la citoyenneté culturelle. Dans ce territoire, le thème de la citoyenneté culturelle est devenu central tant pour la mairie que pour les acteurs socioéconomiques et culturels; il émerge comme un axe d’intervention qui rapproche les acteurs politiques et les organismes communautaires. Cette approche donne à la population un rôle actif dans la mise en place des activités culturelles, en plus de favoriser la créativité citoyenne et la pratique des arts amateurs. Cette perspective s’inscrit dans la volonté de développer une identité citoyenne émancipatoire qui renverse les stigmates affectant le territoire.

Cet article analyse les transformations culturelles qui se présentent sous la forme d’un métissage sur la scène théâtrale montréalaise depuis quelques décennies. En partant de l’exemple de la pièce Pas perdus, présentée à Montréal en 2022, qui illustre le mélange des cultures, l’article interroge la formation des traditions culturelles dans le contexte des expériences théâtrales. La confrontation entre les personnes et les personnages permet une transfiguration des identités qui réfléchit la diversité des expériences culturelles de la migration et de l’autochtonie. Ce mouvement de transformation est évalué à l’aune du nouvel ethos de la citoyenneté promu par l’isonomie des personnes à l’échelle internationale. La scène théâtrale montréalaise réfléchit ce mouvement dans les expérimentations scéniques qu’elle propose.

Face aux enjeux spatiaux et économiques d’accès à la saine alimentation dans l’est de l’île de Montréal, des instances de santé publique, des organisations communautaires et leurs partenaires ont mis sur pied le Réseau alimentaire de l’est de Montréal (RAEM) afin de mieux coordonner les interventions auprès des ménages à faible revenu (MFR). Ces interventions s’inscrivent notamment dans une perspective spatiale de l’accès à l’alimentation et dans des modèles qui diffèrent de ceux de l’aide alimentaire classique. Dans le cadre d’une recherche partenariale menée avec le RAEM visant à déterminer les points d’alignement et de discordance dans les représentations du problème d’accès alimentaire et les solutions privilégiées de trois types d’acteurs (les organisations membres du RAEM, les partenaires de soutien et les MFR), nous avons effectué une collecte de données par l’entremise de groupes d’entretien et d’entretiens individuels. L’analyse des données, réalisée à partir d’un modèle multidimensionnel de l’accès à la saine alimentation, permet de comparer les perspectives de chaque groupe d’acteurs. Il en ressort que la dimension spatiale n’est pas aussi centrale pour les MFR que pour les autres acteurs, et que la dimension personnelle de l’accès est perçue différemment selon les acteurs. Ces discordances ont une importance et un impact pour l’organisation du système alimentaire de l’est de l’île de Montréal, et mettent en lumière la nécessité d’une lecture critique d’un cadrage principalement spatial des problèmes d’accès à l’alimentation.

Cet article s’intéresse aux effets territoriaux du tournant participatif des politiques culturelles. Ce tournant se renforce à la faveur de l’évolution générale des modèles de gouvernance qui tentent d’inclure les aspirations de plus en plus affirmées des citoyens à prendre part aux différentes actions et décisions qui les concernent. Nous examinons le cas du quartier Saint-Michel à Montréal, quartier où se met en place une action collective communaliste qui se combine à une action entrepreneuriale liée à l’implantation du Cirque du Soleil dans le quartier. Le quartier est la scène d’un processus de revitalisation qui donne naissance à un commun culturel. Le cas de Saint-Michel permet de voir l’apport de l’approche culturelle communaliste à l’amélioration des milieux de vie des quartiers.

Copyright of Comparative & International Education is the property of Canadian & International Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The metropolitan community of Montreal (MMC) is located in Eastern Canada and included in the western Quebec seismic zone characterized by shallow crustal earthquakes and moderate seismicity. Most of the urbanized areas are settled close to the Saint-Lawrence River and its tributaries and within the region, delimiting the extension of the clay deposits from the Champlain Sea. The influence of these recent and soft deposits on seismic waves has been observed after the 1988 M5.8 Saguenay earthquake and has proven to be crucial in seismic hazard analysis. The shear-wave velocity Vs averaged over the 30 m of soil, abbreviated Vs30, is one of the most used parameters to characterize the site condition and its influence on seismic waves. Since 2000, a site condition model has been developed for the municipalities of Montreal and Laval, combining seismic and borehole data for risk mitigation purposes. The paper presents an extended version of the Vs30 mapping for the entire region of the MMC, which accounts for half of the population of Quebec, including additional ambient noise recordings, recently updated borehole datasets, geological vector map and unpublished seismic refraction data to derive Vs profiles. The estimated Vs30 values for thousands of sites are then interpolated on a regular grid of 0.01 degrees using the inverse distance weighted interpolation approach. Regions with the lowest estimated Vs30 values where site amplification could be expected on seismic waves are in the Northeastern part and in the Southwest of the MMC. The map expresses in terms of site classes is compared with intensity values derived from citizen observations after recent felt. In general, the highest reported intensity values are found in regions with the lowest Vs30 values on the map. Areas where this rule does not apply, should be investigated further. This site condition model can be used in seismic hazard and risk analysis.

This article discusses First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt’s international travels during the Second World War. Mrs. Roosevelt achieved her greatest renown in the postwar period as a champion of international human rights, notably in her role as chair of the committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1947–48, and later as leader in the struggle to ratify the Human Rights covenants that enforced the provisions of the Declaration. Yet ER’s later concentration on international affairs was prefigured in her experience as semiofficial diplomat in a series of wartime travels across the globe, undertaken at the request of her husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and in coordination with the chiefs of the host governments. It is useful to investigate how these travels provided her with an important apprenticeship in diplomacy. At the same time, her speeches and activities on these wartime trips helped shape her later support for peace and justice on an international scale.

Aim of this article is to introduce and present advantages and possibilities of using simulation tools to calculate energy flows of tractive vehicle in all phases of its ride. The focus is on the braking phase, especially on the braking energy recuperation that offers the highest energy saving potential. Energetic simulation was carried out as a part of a current railway reconstruction study, which is a good example of possible energetic calculation use. Energetic calculation in the simulation are performed using so called "exact method" developed at the Faculty of Transportation. The advantage of the method is that it provides a high degree of accuracy. Due to the simulation calculation being performed in real-time, the user can enter the calculation even during the simulation. Crucial part of every simulation are quality input data, such as vehicle braking characteristic (including all working points below the envelope line together with the efficiency characteristics of the power train parts (engine, transmission, convertor and others)). Also, sufficiently precise (with a precision of 1 meter) railway track details (detailed geometrical and other information on the current and reconstructed railway track or on the railway track proposal. To present savings during the ride, the railway track section on the track Montreál-Sherbrooke was chosen. On this track, (especially electrification and partial reconstruction of the superstructure) is planned. Reconstruction level will be dependant on the local economical and social conditions. However, in the most optimistic case, total electrification of the track will be undertaken, or lower level of the reconstruction when the vehicles that have very similar characteristics. The railway track section is located between the cities of Montreál and Sherbrooke, that are 160 km apart. To compare the current, and possible future, state, comparison of energy consumption of the vehicle was conducted on the same track with the same geometrical characteristics. We can assume that the overall energy intensity of the ride on the newly reconstructed track (eg. with greater radius of the arches) will be lower than the overall energy intensity of the ride on the track before reconstruction. Current data on energetic consumption are not available, therefore they were obtained by simulation and verified by calculations and considered sufficiently accurate. Presumably, the input simulation parameters required for the simulation will not always be delivered in the sufficient quality or will be partly missing completely. In these cases they will be substituted by various algorithms, that can be machine-processed and that are part of the simulation calculations. One of the crucial algorithms is so called "moment efficiency". Its machine processing is not entirely developed and therefore, this simulation will be conducted without its usage. For financial reasons, simulation calculation was verified only by the theoretical physical calculation method. Based on several partial results, emergent computing tool is functional and sufficiently accurate. The simulation program is supposed to be experimentally verified after its finishing. The outcomes presented in this article are calculated by simulated computation and were not confronted with the real situation in any way. However, relevant calculation algorithms, processes and theoretical background of the simulation were already verified on the older software versions. Therefore, the simulated outcomes are supposed to be at least sufficiently accurate to provide preliminary study for the railway reconstruction. Presented calculations were executed by using author’s simulation software. Part of the methodology was taken from the previous, already verified, versions of the software for vehicle ride simulation.

In February 2017, the city of Montreal adopted a policy entitled Access to Municipal Services Without Fear with a view to allowing non-status migrants to access some municipal programs and services without fear of being arrested and removed from Canada. This article offers a critical analysis of the city of Montreal’s policy. We discuss the main barriers to implementation, namely, the limited jurisdictional power and authority of the city in migration matters and the municipal police’s refusal to comply with the policy. We draw on the conceptual framework of the sanctuary city to argue that the municipality crafted creative solutions to barriers as part of its bid to make the city more inclusive.

Aspiring to mobility is a component of modernity and of the ideology underpinning the modern movement in architecture. This value determines the unstable relationship modern man has with land, while belief in progress has guided his futuristic notion on time. It accounts for the transportation revolution that occurred almost two hundred years ago with the advent of mechanized locomotion.

The literature on refugee trajectories in Canada suggests that over time, and despite considerable hardship during the early years of resettlement, those who enter Canada as refugees eventually attain income and housing outcomes similar to other immigrants and to their Canadian-born counterparts. These positive achievements are partially described by the concept of an immigrant effect whereby immigrants to Canada are much more likely to purchase a home than their Canadian-born counterparts given their average financial circumstances. This paper seeks to deepen our collective understanding of the integration of refugees in the Canadian housing and labour market by presenting data from the 2016 census paired with findings from a qualitative case study exploring the initial years of settlement for one group of refugees. We argue that despite considerable hardship and barriers to housing and employment, refugee families exercise constrained forms of agency which helps explain their positive trajectories in the labour and housing market over the long term. This paper contributes to the literature on refugee integration by presenting data from Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, as well as the additional cities of Ottawa, Edmonton and Calgary. This is an important addition as less is known about the outcomes of newcomers to these cities. Drawing our on our qualitative data, we also contribute to the literature by examining the specific strategies that refugee families employ to grow their social capital and share resources within households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different housing initiatives, policies and programs favouring or impacting social mix at the neighbourhood level exist in Canadian cities, including in the city of Montreal. Social mix was (and still is) part of the political discourse along with local planning practices as a means of including the most deprived and marginalized populations within the urban space through social housing. With the aim of developing a more inclusive city, the local administration has recently adopted an inclusionary zoning by-law which was received positively by scholars and housing advocates, although the considerable criticism for its limited scope. Inspired by a constructivist analysis of public and social policies and based on a study of collective identity of housing groups using document analysis, the goal of this paper is to explore how urban social movements evaluate this housing policy, and how, despite the policy objective of inclusiveness, it cannot satisfactorily address core housing needs of disadvantaged populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the socialization of international students through their residential environment during their stay in Montréal. It provides a contextualization of the spatial and social environment in the dense and relatively heterogeneous downtown area of Quebec's metropolis. It then delves more deeply into the (co)housing conditions of international students through an exploration of the qualities and dynamics of three types of accommodation: traditional university residences (RUT), private residences for internationally mobile individuals (RPI) and traditional private rental housing (LPT). On the basis of a mixed method study using a combination of statistical sources and in-depth interviews, the socio-political conditions and relationships of international students are empirically documented. Supporting the academic literature, we show that their residential conditions and practices tend to generate limited spatial and social experiences that challenge the socializing qualities of their vertically ascending residential habitats. The findings open up the reflection on the design of social interiors that take on the characteristics of "refuge", "haven" or even fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), historically subdivided into Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a very heterogeneous condition. While the tendency in medicine is to try to reduce complexity, IBD is a disease that cannot justify a one-size-fits-all principle. Our current clinical classification tools are suboptimal and need further refinement to capture, at least in part, the variety of phenotypes encountered in daily clinical practice. Although these revised classification tools alone will not be sufficient and should be complemented by more detailed molecular subclassifications, optimized clinical phenotypes can contribute to improved trial designs, future translational research approaches, and better treatment outcomes. In the current review, we discuss key clinical features important in IBD disease heterogeneity, tackle limitations of the current classification systems, propose some potential improvements, and raise priorities for future research in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities struggle to balance vitality and livability, and noise is at the center of many of these debates. Preconceived ideas on the sonic expectations and needs of groups of city users can be misleading, particularly in entertainment districts such as the Quartier des Spectacles in Montreal (CA). We investigated what life was like in QDS for its year-round users during the 2019 festival season (the last before the COVID-19 pandemic), building on insights from residents, workers and visitors collected through online surveys. Respondents described an overall positive view of their district marked by a diversity of experiences and frustrations, with subtle intragroup differences between residents and workers. Age was an important variable framing these experiences, but unexpectedly, older respondents enjoyed their life in QDS just as much as younger users. Dissatisfaction with residing or working in QDS was rarely geared toward the frequency or loudness of festivals, but rather to other everyday life situations. Emergent from the data, we argued for the development of soundscape personas to refer to typologies of users whose experiences differ in terms of sonic priorities and evaluations. Our findings could inform strategies for organizing large events in urban areas, maintaining an awareness of diversity of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]