105 results on '"Bernard Carme"'
Search Results
2. Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in French Guiana
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Christine Aznar, Guy La Ruche, Stéphane Laventure, Bernard Carme, Pascale Liegeard, and Mireille Hontebeyrie
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Trypanosoma cruzi ,Chagas disease ,seroprevalence ,French Guiana ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
A survey was carried out on 1487 individuals to assess the seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in French Guiana. The overall prevalence of T. cruzi specific IgG was 0.5%. In multivariate analysis, residence in areas where housing is favorable for the presence of triatomine bugs was the only factor associated with the presence of T. cruzi antibodies. These results have implications for public health since blood donors are not routinely screened for T. cruzi infection in French Guiana.
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- 2004
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3. HIV-associated histoplasmosis early mortality and incidence trends: from neglect to priority.
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Antoine Adenis, Mathieu Nacher, Matthieu Hanf, Vincent Vantilcke, Rachida Boukhari, Denis Blachet, Magalie Demar, Christine Aznar, Bernard Carme, and Pierre Couppie
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved in this French overseas territory which offers an interesting model of Amazonian pathogen ecology. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana.A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals in French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods.There were 124 deaths (45.3%) and 46 early deaths (16.8%) among 274 patients. Three time periods of particular interest were identified: 1992-1997, 1998-2004 and 2005-2011. The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths among annual incident histoplasmosis cases significantly declined four fold (χ2, p
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- 2014
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4. Risk factors for disseminated histoplasmosis in a cohort of HIV-infected patients in French Guiana.
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Mathieu Nacher, Antoine Adenis, Denis Blanchet, Vincent Vantilcke, Magalie Demar, Célia Basurko, Emilie Gaubert-Maréchal, Julie Dufour, Christine Aznar, Bernard Carme, and Pierre Couppié
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Disseminated histoplasmosis is the first AIDS-defining infection in French Guiana. A retrospective cohort study studied predictive factors of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients between 1996 and 2008. Cox proportional hazards models were used. The variables studied were age, sex, last CD4/CD8 count, CD4 nadir, herpes or pneumocystosis, cotrimoxazole and fluconazole use, antiretroviral treatment and the notion of recent initiation of HAART. A total of 1404 patients were followed for 6833 person-years. The variables independently associated with increased incidence of disseminated histoplasmosis were CD4 count
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- 2014
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5. Disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients in South America: a neglected killer continues on its rampage.
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Mathieu Nacher, Antoine Adenis, Sigrid Mc Donald, Margarete Do Socorro Mendonca Gomes, Shanti Singh, Ivina Lopes Lima, Rosilene Malcher Leite, Sandra Hermelijn, Merril Wongsokarijo, Marja Van Eer, Silvia Marques Da Silva, Maurimelia Mesquita Da Costa, Marizette Silva, Maria Calvacante, Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitao, Beatriz L Gómez, Angela Restrepo, Angela Tobon, Cristina E Canteros, Christine Aznar, Denis Blanchet, Vincent Vantilcke, Cyrille Vautrin, Rachida Boukhari, Tom Chiller, Christina Scheel, Angela Ahlquist, Monika Roy, Olivier Lortholary, Bernard Carme, Pierre Couppié, and Stephen Vreden
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2013
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6. Severe Acquired Toxoplasmosis Caused by Wild Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, French Guiana
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Bernard Carme, Magalie Demar, Daniel Ajzenberg, and Marie Laure Dardé
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Toxoplasma gondii ,severe toxoplasmosis ,atypical strains ,epidemiology ,wild cycle French Guiana ,Amazonia ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
From 1998 through 2006, 44 cases of severe primary toxoplasmosis were observed in French Guiana in immunocompetent adults. Toxoplasma gondii isolates exhibited an atypical multilocus genotype. Severe disease in humans may result from poor host adaptation to neotropical zoonotic strains of T. gondii circulating in a forest-based cycle.
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- 2009
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7. Discriminating malaria from dengue fever in endemic areas: clinical and biological criteria, prognostic score and utility of the C-reactive protein: a retrospective matched-pair study in French Guiana.
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Loïc Epelboin, Charlotte Boullé, Sihem Ouar-Epelboin, Matthieu Hanf, Philippe Dussart, Félix Djossou, Mathieu Nacher, and Bernard Carme
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dengue and malaria are two major public health concerns in tropical settings. Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne diseases differ, their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific. During dengue epidemics, several hundred patients with fever and diffuse pain are weekly admitted at the emergency room. It is difficult to discriminate them from patients presenting malaria attacks. Furthermore, it may be impossible to provide a parasitological microscopic examination for all patients. This study aimed to establish a diagnostic algorithm for communities where dengue fever and malaria occur at some frequency in adults. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A sub-study using the control groups of a case-control study in French Guiana--originally designed to compare dengue and malaria co-infected cases to single infected cases--was performed between 2004 and 2010. In brief, 208 patients with malaria matched to 208 patients with dengue fever were compared in the present study. A predictive score of malaria versus dengue was established using .632 bootstrap procedures. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, age, tachycardia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and CRP>5 mg/l were independently associated with malaria. The predictive score using those variables had an AUC of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.82-0.89), and the CRP was the preponderant predictive factor. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP>5 mg/L to discriminate malaria from dengue were of 0.995 (95%CI: 0.991-1) and 0.35 (95%CI 0.32-0.39), respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical and biological score performed relatively well for discriminating cases of dengue versus malaria. Moreover, using only the CRP level turned to be a useful biomarker to discriminate feverish patients at low risk of malaria in an area where both infections exist. It would avoid more than 33% of unnecessary parasitological examinations with a very low risk of missing a malaria attack.
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- 2013
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8. High performance of histidine-rich protein 2 based rapid diagnostic tests in French Guiana are explained by the absence of pfhrp2 gene deletion in P. falciparum.
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Mélanie Trouvay, Georges Palazon, Franck Berger, Béatrice Volney, Denis Blanchet, Emilie Faway, Damien Donato, Eric Legrand, Bernard Carme, and Lise Musset
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Care for malaria patients in endemic areas has been improved through the increasing use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Most RDTs target the histidine-rich protein-2 antigen (PfHRP2) to detect P. falciparum, as it is abundant and shows great heat stability. However, their use in South America has been widely questioned following a recent publication that pinpoints the high prevalence of Peruvian field isolates lacking the gene encoding this protein. In the remote rural health centers of French Guiana, RDTs are the main diagnosis tools. Therefore, a study of PfHRP2 RDT performances and pfhrp2 genotyping was conducted to determine whether a replacement of the current pLDH-based kit could be considered. METHODS: The performance study compared the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® kit with the current gold standard diagnosis by microscopy. The prevalence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were evaluated from 221 P. falciparum isolates collected between 2009 and 2011 in French Guiana. RESULTS: Between January 2010 and August 2011, 960 suspected cases of malaria were analyzed using microscopy and RDTs. The sensitivity of the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® for detection of P. falciparum was 96.8% (95% CI: 90.9-99.3), and 86.0% (95% CI: 78.9-91.5) for the detection of P. vivax. No isolates (95% CI: 0-4.5) lacking either exon of the pfhrp2 gene were identified among the 221 P. falciparum isolates analyzed, but 7.4% (95% CI: 2.8-15.4) lacked the exon 2 part of the pfhrp3 gene. CONCLUSIONS: Field isolates lacking either exon of the pfhrp2 gene are absent in this western part of South America. Despite its sensibility to detect P. vivax, the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® kit is a satisfying alternative to microscopy in remote health centers, where it is difficult to provide highly skilled microscopists and to maintain the necessary equipment.
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- 2013
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9. Acute lung, heart, liver, and pancreatic involvements with hyponatremia and retinochoroiditis in a 33-year-old French Guianan patient.
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Matthieu Groh, Alexandra Faussart, Isabelle Villena, Daniel Ajzenberg, Bernard Carme, Magalie Demar, Véronique Joly, Sandrine Houze, Stéphane Simon, Dominique Aubert, Cécile Charlois-Ou, and Patrick Yeni
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2012
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10. Rapid assessment procedure for loiasis and mapping lymphatic filariasis: two perfect illustrations of 'to be in English or not to be'.
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Bernard Carme
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Interest in filariasis has found a new impetus now that neglected tropical diseases have their own journal. However, some of the advances published in renowned international journals have completely ignored previous publications on the subject, particularly those in languages other than English. The rapid assessment procedure for loiasis and the mapping of lymphatic filariasis provide two perfect illustrations of this. This problem may seem a bit outdated, given that all "good authors" now publish exclusively in English. It certainly is outdated for most areas of medicine. But, surely, this should not be the case for neglected tropical diseases, for which certain long-standing findings are every bit as important as what may be presented as new discoveries. One possibility would be for certain journals, such as PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, to include a specific heading permitting the publication in English of older studies that initially appeared in a language other than English. The texts would be English versions respecting the entirety of the original text. Submission should be accompanied by a presentation of the problem, with details and explanatory comments, with submission at the initiative of the authors of the former article in question or their students or sympathizers.
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- 2012
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11. Corruption kills: estimating the global impact of corruption on children deaths.
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Matthieu Hanf, Astrid Van-Melle, Florence Fraisse, Amaury Roger, Bernard Carme, and Mathieu Nacher
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Information on the global risk factors of children mortality is crucial to guide global efforts to improve survival. Corruption has been previously shown to significantly impact on child mortality. However no recent quantification of its current impact is available. METHODS: The impact of corruption was assessed through crude Pearson's correlation, univariate and multivariate linear models coupling national under-five mortality rates in 2008 to the national "perceived level of corruption" (CPI) and a large set of adjustment variables measured during the same period. FINDINGS: The final multivariable model (adjusted R(2)= 0.89) included the following significant variables: percentage of people with improved sanitation (p.value
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- 2011
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12. Leishmaniasis among Gold Miners, French Guiana
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Brice Rotureau, Michel Joubert, Emmanuel Clyti, Félix Djossou, and Bernard Carme
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Leishmania ,cutaneous leishmaniasis ,outbreak ,epidemiology ,French Guiana ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2006
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13. Histoplasma capsulatum causing sinusitis: a case report in French Guiana and review of the literature
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C Nabet, Bernard Carme, F. Djossou, C. Belzunce, Denis Blanchet, C Aznar, Magalie Demar, and P. Abboud
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Histoplasma ,030106 microbiology ,Case Report ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Review ,Asymptomatic ,Histoplasmosis ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medical microbiology ,fluids and secretions ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Sinusitis ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Mycosis ,Sinus (anatomy) ,biology ,business.industry ,Sinus fungus ball ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Dermatology ,French Guiana ,Histoplasma capsulatum ,AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background American histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. A variety of clinical features of histoplasmosis have been commonly described ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pulmonary infections. In immunocompromised individuals, progressive disseminated forms are frequent, leading to fatal outcome if untreated. However, H. capsulatum sinusitis is unusual with a few cases documented over the last three decades and may be underdiagnosed or confused with other fungal aetiologies, especially outside endemic regions. Case presentation In this study, we report an atypical case of Histoplasma capsulatum sinus fungus ball-like in a patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus complicated by a disseminated histoplasmosis with a death ending. Diagnosis relied on CT-Scan imaging and on both direct examination of H. capsulatum yeast forms (Gomory methenamine Grocott) in the sinus specimen (aspirate, biopsy) and on positivity of the culture further confirmed by qPCR. Conclusions Since last few decades, among the eight reviewed patients, H. capsulatum sinusitis occurred mostly in HIV-immunocompromised patients and for three cases as a sinusitis with disseminated histoplasmosis. Even if this is a rare clinical presentation, its diagnosis is crucial as it could represent an early expression of an Histoplasma capsulatum exposure that can evolve into a disseminated fatal infection when immunity decreases.
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- 2018
14. In Vitro Sensitivity of Cutaneous
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Marine, Ginouvès, Stéphane, Simon, Mathieu, Nacher, Magalie, Demar, Bernard, Carme, Pierre, Couppié, and Ghislaine, Prévot
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Meglumine Antimoniate ,Paromomycin ,Phosphorylcholine ,Antiprotozoal Agents ,Drug Resistance ,Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ,Articles ,Azithromycin ,Leishmania braziliensis ,Meglumine ,Treatment Outcome ,Parasitic Sensitivity Tests ,Amphotericin B ,parasitic diseases ,Organometallic Compounds ,Humans ,Leishmania guyanensis ,Fluconazole ,Pentamidine - Abstract
Anti-leishmaniasis drug resistance is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to inventory the general in vitro level of sensitivity of Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana and to highlight potential in vitro pentamidine-resistant isolates. This sensitivity study was conducted on 36 patient-promastigote isolates for seven drugs (amphotericin B, azithromycin, fluconazole, meglumine antimoniate, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine) using the Cell Counting Kit-8 viability test. The IC50 values obtained were heterogeneous. One isolate exhibited high IC50 values for almost all drugs tested. Pentamidine, which is the first-line treatment in French Guiana, showed efficacy at very low doses (mean of 0.0038 μg/mL). The concordance of the in vitro pentamidine results with the patients' clinical outcomes was 94% (K = 0.82).
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- 2017
15. Patterns of selection onPlasmodium falciparumerythrocyte-binding antigens after the colonization of the New World
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Patrick Durand, Francisco J. Ayala, Oscar Noya, Bernard Carme, Dionicia Gamboa, Eric Elguero, Laure Diancourt, François Renaud, Franck Prugnolle, Umberto D'Alessandro, Didier Fontenille, Lise Musset, Eric Legrand, Céline Arnathau, Christine Chevillon, Erhan Yalcindag, Agnès Aubouy, Sylvain Brisse, Virginie Rougeron, Vincent Veron, Didier Menard, Amanda Maestre, Pierre Becquart, Albina Wide, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Health, Emergence, Adaptation and Transmission (MIVEGEC-HEAT), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Génotypage des Eucaryotes (Plate-Forme), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Unité de Recherche 010, IRD, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Alexander von Humboldt' (IMT AvH), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Laboratoire d'épidémiologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centro para Estudios Sobre Malaria [Venezuela], Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón, Instituto de Medicina Tropical [Caracas, Venezuela} (IMT), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Centre d’Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie clinique, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Evolution of host-microbe communities (MIVEGEC-EVCO), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Program of ‘Employment of Newly Graduated Doctors of Science for Scientific Excellence’ (Grant Number CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.009) cofinanced from European Social Fund and the state of budget of the Czech Republic, ANR-07-SEST-0012,MGANE,Adaptation génétique de la malaria à un nouvel environnement(2007), ANR-12-JSV7-0006,ORIGIN,Origine, adaptation et évolution de Plasmodium falciparum(2012), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia]-Facultad de Medicina, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
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MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA ,protozoal DNA ,Erythrocytes ,parasitology ,MESH: Selection, Genetic ,erythrocyte-binding antigen 175, Plasmodium ,Protozoan Proteins ,Population genetics ,adaptation ,co-evolution ,MESH: Africa ,Balancing selection ,genetic polymorphism ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,erythrocyte binding antigen 175, Plasmodium ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Aetiology ,MESH: Protozoan Proteins ,MESH: Plasmodium falciparum ,Genetics ,protozoal protein ,MESH: Erythrocytes ,MESH: Malaria, Falciparum ,article ,Biological Sciences ,invasion ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.13 [https] ,3. Good health ,Housekeeping gene ,Infectious Diseases ,Protozoan ,Infection ,Sequence Analysis ,parasite antigen ,Falciparum ,balancing selection ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https] ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Population ,Molecular Sequence Data ,DNA sequence ,malaria ,MESH: DNA, Protozoan ,MESH: Genetics, Population ,Antigens, Protozoan ,MESH: Carrier Proteins ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Biology ,malaria falciparum ,Rare Diseases ,Genetic ,MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,human ,Genetic variability ,Selection, Genetic ,Antigens ,Polymorphism ,EBA-181 protein, Plasmodium falciparum ,Selection ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,EBA 181 protein, Plasmodium falciparum ,EBA140 protein, Plasmodium falciparum ,Evolutionary Biology ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,MESH: Molecular Sequence Data ,MESH: Humans ,population genetics ,Membrane Proteins ,nucleotide sequence ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,DNA ,MESH: South America ,DNA, Protozoan ,South America ,biology.organism_classification ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,carrier protein ,Genetics, Population ,Good Health and Well Being ,genetic selection ,molecular genetics ,Africa ,erythrocyte ,Adaptation ,Carrier Proteins ,MESH: Antigens, Protozoan - Abstract
Pathogens, which have recently colonized a new host species or new populations of the same host, are interesting models for understanding how populations may evolve in response to novel environments. During its colonization of South America from Africa, Plasmodium falciparum, the main agent of malaria, has been exposed to new conditions in distinctive new human populations (Amerindian and populations of mixed origins) that likely exerted new selective pressures on the parasite's genome. Among the genes that might have experienced strong selective pressures in response to these environmental changes, the eba genes (erythrocyte-binding antigens genes), which are involved in the invasion of the human red blood cells, constitute good candidates. In this study, we analysed, in South America, the polymorphism of three eba genes (eba-140, eba-175, eba-181) and compared it to the polymorphism observed in African populations. The aim was to determine whether these genes faced selective pressures in South America distinct from what they experienced in Africa. Patterns of genetic variability of these genes were compared to the patterns observed at two housekeeping genes (adsl and serca) and 272 SNPs to separate adaptive effects from demographic effects. We show that, conversely to Africa, eba-140 seemed to be under stronger diversifying selection in South America than eba-175. In contrast, eba-181 did not show any sign of departure from neutrality. These changes in the patterns of selection on the eba genes could be the consequence of changes in the host immune response, the host receptor polymorphisms and/or the ability of the parasite to silence or express differentially its invasion proteins. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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- 2014
16. Frequency and distribution of mixed Plasmodium falciparum-vivax infections in French Guiana between 2000 and 2008
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Ghislaine Prévot, Félix Djossou, Aurélia Stefani, Paul Brousse, Vincent Veron, Mathieu Nacher, Lise Musset, Eric Legrand, Bernard Carme, Marine Ginouves, Magalie Demar, Medicine Department, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique et Génomique des Insectes vecteurs, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], This work was supported by the University of the French West Indies and French Guiana, the Ministère Français de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire. It has benefited from an Investissement d’Avenir grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, reference no. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Mixed infections ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium vivax ,Population ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Malaria, Vivax ,medicine ,Humans ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Malaria, Falciparum ,education ,Microscopy ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Coinfection ,Research ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Treatment ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Vivax malaria ,Immunology ,Tropical medicine ,Malaria - Abstract
Background The two main plasmodial species in French Guiana are Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum whose respective prevalence influences the frequency of mixed plasmodial infections. The accuracy of their diagnosis is influenced by the sensitivity of the method used, whereas neither microscopy nor rapid diagnostic tests allow a satisfactory evaluation of mixed plasmodial infections. Methods In the present study, the frequency of mixed infections in different part of French Guiana was determined using real time PCR, a sensitive and specific technique. Results From 400 cases of malaria initially diagnosed by microscopy, real time PCR showed that 10.75 % of the cases were mixed infections. Their prevalence varied considerably between geographical areas. The presence, in equivalent proportions, of the two plasmodial species in eastern French Guiana was associated with a much higher prevalence of mixed plasmodial infections than in western French Guiana, where the majority of the population was Duffy negative and thus resistant to vivax malaria. Conclusion Clinicians must be more vigilant regarding mixed infections in co-endemic P. falciparum/P. vivax areas, in order to deliver optimal care for patients suffering from malaria. This may involve the use of rapid diagnostic tests capable of detecting mixed infections or low density single infections. This is important as French Guiana moves towards malaria elimination.
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- 2015
17. Concurrent Dengue and Malaria in Cayenne Hospital, French Guiana
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Gerd Donutil, Mathieu Nacher, Olivia Raulin, Jacques Morvan, Séverine Matheus, and Bernard Carme
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Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Cayenne ,Epidemiology ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Plasmodium vivax ,Prevalence ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antibodies, Viral ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Disease Outbreaks ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Dengue fever ,co-infection ,parasitic diseases ,Malaria, Vivax ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Retrospective Studies ,computer.programming_language ,biology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,dengue ,Virology ,Malaria ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunoglobulin M ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,business ,computer ,Acute malaria - Abstract
Dengue-malaria co-infection reports are scarce. Of 1,723 consecutive febrile patients in Cayenne Hospital, 238 had dengue (174 early dengue fever cases) and 393 had malaria (371 acute malaria); 17 had both. Diagnosis of 1 of these 2 infections should not rule out testing for the other infection.
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- 2009
18. Use of PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis To Identify the Main New WorldLeishmaniaSpecies and Analyze Their Taxonomic Properties and Polymorphism by Application of the Assay to Clinical Samples
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Christophe Ravel, Mathieu Nacher, Francine Pratlong, Jean-Pierre Dedet, Pierre Couppié, Bernard Carme, and Brice Rotureau
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Microbiology (medical) ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,law.invention ,Species Specificity ,Cutaneous leishmaniasis ,law ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,Genotype ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Typing ,Internal transcribed spacer ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Leishmania ,Genetics ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,DNA, Protozoan ,Ribosomal RNA ,medicine.disease ,Parasitology ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,Subgenus ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
At least 13 characterizedLeishmaniaspecies are known to infect humans in South America. Five of these parasites are transmitted in the sylvatic ecotopes of the whole French Guianan territory and responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis. For the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses have shown promising results. Thus, the end of the small subunit and internal transcribed spacer 1 of the rRNA genes were sequenced and targeted by PCR-RFLP analysis in the 10 main New World (NW)Leishmaniaspecies from the two subgenera. Then, the procedure was tested on 40 samples from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, and its results were compared with those of conventional methods. (i) The results of this simple genus-specific method were in agreement with those of previous isoenzyme analyses. (ii) This method distinguished the most medically relevantLeishmaniaspecies with only one enzyme (RsaI). (iii) This method could be performed directly on human biopsy specimens (sensitivity of 85.7%). Performing NWLeishmaniaspecies typing rapidly and easily in the field constitutes a very valuable improvement for detection ofLeishmaniaspp. Revealing great diversity with several enzymes, this method could also be useful for taxonomic, ecological, and epidemiological studies in space and time.
- Published
- 2006
19. Substantial increase of malaria in inland areas of eastern French Guiana
- Author
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Bernard Carme
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cayenne ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Population ,Plasmodium vivax ,Developing country ,Rural Health ,Environmental protection ,parasitic diseases ,Malaria, Vivax ,medicine ,Humans ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Socioeconomics ,education ,Retrospective Studies ,computer.programming_language ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,French Guiana ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,Tropical medicine ,Parasitology ,Rural area ,business ,computer - Abstract
This study includes malaria cases diagnosed by the Parasitology Unit of the Cayenne Hospital (French Guiana) using the same procedure from 1996 to 2003. We provide data for two main rural communities in slightly inland areas of eastern French Guiana (Cacao, Regina) and for Cayenne, the capital of this French department. The frequency of bouts of malaria has been increasing rapidly since mid-2001, in these regions that were virtually considered to be malaria-free. This substantial increase of malaria appears mainly to involve Plasmodium vivax and recent Brazilian immigrants. Other plausible explanations which could account for the observed trend are discussed.
- Published
- 2005
20. External ophthalmomyiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. A retrospective study of nine cases and a review of the literature
- Author
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Dominique Sainte-Marie, Pierre Couppié, J. Petitbon, M. Gerard, Bernard Carme, Roger Pradinaud, Pierre-Henri Dalens, Eric Denion, and Christine Aznar
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Conjunctiva ,biology ,business.industry ,fungi ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Surgery ,Lesion ,Dermatobia hominis ,Ophthalmology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Palpebral fissure ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,General anaesthesia ,Eyelid ,medicine.symptom ,Myiasis ,business - Abstract
Purpose: To report nine cases of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis. Methods: Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series. Participants consisted of patients (n = 9) presenting at Cayenne Hospital between 1968 and 2003. The location and number of larvae, the larval stage, and the medical and surgical procedures applied were studied in each case. Results: Seven patients had palpebral myiasis (including one with three larvae) and two had conjunctival myiasis. Every patient had palpebral oedema. The larval respiratory pore was located on the palpebral skin or free margin or on the conjunctiva. Movements were present within the lesion in at least three patients. Petroleum ointment or ivermectine solution was used in at least four patients to smother or kill the larvae. Extraction under local anaesthesia was possible in six patients, while three required general anaesthesia. Conclusion: Several larvae may be present in a patient. Topical ivermectine may help to kill the larvae before extraction is attempted.
- Published
- 2004
21. Histoplasmosis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Study of Prognostic Factors
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F. Bissuel, Christine Aznar, Bernard Carme, Roger Pradinaud, M. Demar, Saravane Bichat, M. Sobesky, Dominique Louvel, Fernand Alvarez, Myriam El Guedj, E. Clyti, and Pierre Couppié
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antifungal Agents ,Multivariate analysis ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Histoplasmosis ,Immunopathology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Sida ,Mycosis ,Aged ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,biology ,business.industry ,Respiratory disease ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,Female ,business - Abstract
We aimed to identify prognostic factors for AIDS-associated disseminated histoplasmosis. In a multivariate analysis, we found that dyspnea, a platelet count of100,000 platelets/mm3, and lactate dehydrogenase levels of2 times the upper limit of the normal range were significantly independently associated with the death of the patient during the first 30 days of antifungal treatment.
- Published
- 2004
22. Ecologic Correlates of Toxoplasma gondii Exposure in Free-ranging Neotropical Mammals
- Author
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Benoit de Thois, Christine Aznar, Bernard Carme, and Magalie Demar
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Primates ,Carnivora ,Antibodies, Protozoan ,Zoology ,Animals, Wild ,Rodentia ,Environment ,Biology ,Serum antibody ,Trees ,Serology ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Direct agglutination test ,parasitic diseases ,Animals ,Seroprevalence ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Artiodactyla ,Mammals ,Tropical Climate ,Behavior, Animal ,Ecology ,Free ranging ,Age Factors ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Feeding Behavior ,Xenarthra ,biology.organism_classification ,French Guiana ,Marsupialia ,Toxoplasmosis, Animal ,Immunology ,Mammal ,Toxoplasma - Abstract
A serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in 18 free-ranging forest mammal species (n = 456) in French Guiana was undertaken with a direct agglutination test. Serum antibody prevalence varied from 0-71%. The relationships between ecologic features of the species and seroprevalence were investigated. Terrestrial mammals were significantly more exposed to T. gondii than other mammals. This result is concordant with oral exposure to T. gondii related to ground dwelling behavior and/or carnivory.
- Published
- 2003
23. Formes graves de paludisme à Plasmodium vivax : caractéristiques sociologiques, cliniques et biologiques associées à l’anémie profonde
- Author
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Narcisse Elenga, Leila Baha, Denis Blanchet, Bernard Carme, Magalie Demar, Gérald Egmann, Félix Djossou, Loïc Epelboin, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire Hospitalier et Universitaire Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service de Pédiatrie [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Université de Guyane (UG), and Matillon, Mirlène
- Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,0303 health sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,030306 microbiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030212 general & internal medicine ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,3. Good health - Abstract
Introduction Malgre sa reputation de benignite, l’infection a Plasmodium vivax presente parfois des criteres de gravite. Ces formes graves d’infection sont peu decrites, notamment en Amerique latine. Le critere de gravite le plus souvent retrouve est l’anemie profonde. Les objectifs de notre etude etaient de determiner la frequence de l’anemie profonde au cours d’infection a P. vivax et de mettre en evidence leurs caracteristiques sociologiques, cliniques et biologiques. Materiels et methodes Etude observationnelle, retrospective, monocentrique, cas–temoin appariee realisee de 2007 a 2014 a Cayenne. Etaient inclus tous les patients avec un frottis-goutte epaisse positif a P. vivax (sans co-infection avec P. falciparum) et une hemoglobine 12 g/dL et apparie sur la date du diagnostic. Ces deux groupes ont ete compares en analyse univariee puis multivariee. Resultats Parmi les 1542 patients avec acces palustre a P. vivax sur la periode 8 ans, 27 presentaient une anemie profonde, soit 1,75 % des acces palustres a P. vivax et mediane 1,5 cas par an (min.–max. 1–12 ; Q25–Q75 1–3). Les variables significativement associees a l’anemie profonde au cours d’un acces palustre a P. vivax en analyse bivariee etaient : l’âge 38 °C, la duree entre l’apparition de la fievre et le diagnostic de paludisme > 7 jours, la presence de saignements exteriorises, la presence d’autres signes de gravite (selon les criteres d’infection grave a P. falciparum de la SPILF 2008), et au bilan biologique, une microcytose, une lymphopenie 100 G/L, une creatinine > 110 μM, une glycemie 23 mM. En analyse multivariee, les variables associees a l’anemie profonde etaient l’âge 100 G/L et une microcytose Conclusion L’anemie severe reste un phenomene rare au cours de l’acces a P. vivax. Deux hypotheses peuvent etre formulees concernant la survenue d’anemie profonde au cours des acces a P. vivax : survenue d’acces palustres simples chez des patients avec terrain predispose a l’anemie (grossesse, enfants carences des communes isolees) et existence de forme graves de P. vivax comme on le retrouve au cours des acces a P. falciparum, associee alors a d’autres signes de gravite tels que definis par l’OMS.
- Published
- 2017
24. Eumycetoma caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Phomopsis phaseoli): a case report and a mini-review of Diaporthe/Phomopsis spp invasive infections in humans
- Author
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Christine Aznar, Emmanuelle Papot, Pierre Couppié, E. Amazan, R. Binois, Sophie Cassaing, Antoine Berry, Denis Blanchet, Xavier Iriart, Angela Fior, and Bernard Carme
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Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Antifungal Agents ,Itraconazole ,Biopsy ,Phomopsis ,Fungus ,Eumycetoma ,Diaporthe phaseolorum ,Serology ,Microbiology ,Rare Diseases ,Ascomycota ,Diaporthe ,medicine ,Humans ,Mycosis ,Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 ,biology ,Foot ,osteomyelitis ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,HTLV-1 ,Female ,mycetoma ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Diaporthe phaseolorum (syn. Phomopsis phaseoli) is a frequent fungal parasite of plants, present on all continents around the world. It has rarely been involved in human diseases. We report a case of eumycetoma with osteomyelitis of the forefoot caused by this fungus and diagnosed by molecular biology. The patient had positive HTLV-1 serology and was a farmer from French Guiana who walked barefoot. He was successfully treated with long-term oral itraconazole (400 mg/day). A review of the literature underlines the essential roles of plants and host immunosuppression in this infection and the favourable outcome with a triazole antifungal treatment.
- Published
- 2011
25. HIV-Associated Histoplasmosis Early Mortality and Incidence Trends: From Neglect to Priority.: HIV - associated histoplasmosis early mortality
- Author
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Matthieu Hanf, Magalie Demar, Christine Aznar, Antoine Adenis, Rachida Boukhari, Vincent Vantilcke, Denis Blachet, Bernard Carme, Pierre Couppié, Mathieu Nacher, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly (Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie
- Subjects
Male ,Viral Diseases ,Antifungal Agents ,Epidemiology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Young adult ,Histoplasmosis ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Mortality rate ,Incidence ,Fungal Diseases ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Histoplasma capsulatum ,French Guiana ,Death ,AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,Female ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Infectious Disease Control ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,medicine ,Humans ,030304 developmental biology ,Retrospective Studies ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Tropical Diseases ,Immunology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved in this French overseas territory which offers an interesting model of Amazonian pathogen ecology. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals in French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. Results There were 124 deaths (45.3%) and 46 early deaths (16.8%) among 274 patients. Three time periods of particular interest were identified: 1992–1997, 1998–2004 and 2005–2011. The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths among annual incident histoplasmosis cases significantly declined four fold (χ2, p, Author Summary Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection in French Guiana. It is the most common AIDS-defining illness and the leading cause of AIDS-related deaths. Diagnosis is difficult, but in the past 2 decades, it has improved. The objectives of the present study were to describe the temporal trends of incidence and mortality indicators for HIV-associated histoplasmosis in French Guiana. A retrospective study was conducted to describe early mortality rates observed in persons diagnosed with incident cases of HIV-associated histoplasmosis admitted in one of the three main hospitals of French Guiana between 1992 and 2011. Early mortality was defined by death occurring within 30 days after antifungal treatment initiation. Data were collected on standardized case report forms and analysed using standard statistical methods. Among 274 patients there were 46 early deaths (16.8%). The two main temporal trends were: the proportion of early deaths significantly divided four fold and the number of annual incident histoplasmosis cases increased three fold. The present example testifies that rapid progress could be at reach if awareness increases and leads to clinical and laboratory capacity building in order to diagnose and treat this curable disease.
- Published
- 2014
26. Comparison of Tetrazolium Salt Assays for Evaluation of Drug Activity against Leishmania spp
- Author
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Ghislaine Prévot, Pierre Couppié, Marine Ginouves, Bernard Carme, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Service de Dermatologie [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andre Rosemon, and Latour, Marie
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Leishmania guyanensis ,Antiprotozoal Agents ,Tetrazolium Salts ,Parasitic Sensitivity Tests ,Biology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Liver damage ,[SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Leishmania ,Leishmaniasis ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,French Guiana ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Drug activity ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,chemistry ,Colorimetry ,Parasitology ,Formazan - Abstract
In French Guiana, leishmaniasis is an essentially cutaneous infection. It constitutes a major public health problem, with a real incidence of 0.2 to 0.3%. Leishmania guyanensis is the causal species most frequently encountered in French Guiana. The treatment of leishmaniasis is essentially drug based, but the therapeutic compounds available have major side effects (e.g., liver damage and diabetes) and must be administered parenterally or are costly. The efficacy of some of these agents has declined due to the emergence of resistance in certain strains of Leishmania . There is currently no vaccine against leishmaniasis, and it is therefore both necessary and urgent to identify new compounds effective against Leishmania . The search for new drugs requires effective tests for evaluations of the leishmanicidal activity of a particular molecule or extract. Microculture tetrazolium assays (MTAs) are colorimetric tests based on the use of tetrazolium salts. We compared the efficacies of three tetrazolium salts—3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2 H -tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT), and 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2 H -tetrazolium (WST-8)—for quantification of the promastigotes of various species of Leishmania . We found that the capacity of Leishmania to metabolize a tetrazolium salt depended on the salt used and the species of Leishmania . WST-8 was the tetrazolium salt best metabolized by L. guyanensis and gave the best sensitivity.
- Published
- 2014
27. AIDS-related Pneumocystis jirovecii genotypes in French Guiana
- Author
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Paul Gueguen, Geneviève Guillot, Enrique J. Calderón, Bernard Carme, Anne Totet, Solène Le Gal, Cédric Merle, Philippe Abboud, Céline Damiani, Denis Blanchet, Gilles Nevez, Stéphane Kérangart, and Michèle Virmaux
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,DHPS ,Genome, Viral ,Pneumocystis carinii ,Microbiology ,parasitic diseases ,Genotype ,Genetics ,medicine ,Pneumocystis jirovecii ,Humans ,Typing ,Internal transcribed spacer ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,biology ,Molecular epidemiology ,Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ,Haplotype ,Genetic Variation ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,Haplotypes ,Mutation ,Female ,France ,Dihydropteroate synthase ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
The study described Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) multilocus typing in seven AIDS patients living in French Guiana (Cayenne Hospital) and seven immunosuppressed patients living in Brest, metropolitan France (Brest Hospital). Archival P. jirovecii specimens were examined at the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) locus using a PCR-RFLP technique, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 2 and the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) gene using PCR and sequencing. Analysis of typing results were combined with an analysis of the literature on P. jirovecii mtLSUrRNA types and ITS haplotypes. A wild DHPS type was identified in six Guianese patients and in seven patients from metropolitan France whereas a DHPS mutant was infected in the remaining Guianese patient. Typing of the two other loci pointed out a high diversity of ITS haplotypes and an average diversity of mtLSUrRNA types in French Guiana with a partial commonality of these haplotypes and types described in metropolitan France and around the world. Combining DHPS, ITS and mtLSU types, 12 different multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified, 4 MLGs in Guianese patients and 8 MLGs in Brest patients. MLG analysis allows to discriminate patients in 2 groups according to their geographical origin. Indeed, none of the MLGs identified in the Guianese patients were found in the Brest patients and none of the MLGs identified in the Brest patients were found in the Guianese patients. These results show that in French Guiana (i) PCP involving DHPS mutants occur, (ii) there is a diversity of ITS and mtLSUrRNA types and (iii) although partial type commonality in this territory and metropolitan France can be observed, MLG analysis suggests that P. jirovecii organisms from French Guiana may present specific characteristics.
- Published
- 2014
28. Tuberculosis and Histoplasmosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients: A Comparative Study
- Author
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Bernard Carme, Christine Aznar, Florence Huber, J. Dufour, Matthieu Hanf, Pierre Couppié, Mathieu Nacher, Antoine Adenis, Célia Basurko, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Investissement d'Avenir from the ANR, and ADENIS, ANTOINE
- Subjects
Male ,Opportunistic infection ,MESH: Logistic Models ,HIV Infections ,Odds Ratio ,Medicine ,MESH: Histoplasmosis ,MESH: Tuberculosis ,Histoplasmosis ,education.field_of_study ,MESH: Middle Aged ,MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis ,MESH: HIV Infections ,Articles ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,AIDS ,Infectious Diseases ,C-Reactive Protein ,Absolute neutrophil count ,Female ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Population ,MESH: Multivariate Analysis ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Tuberculosis diagnosis ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,MESH: C-Reactive Protein ,Humans ,education ,Retrospective Studies ,MESH: Humans ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,business.industry ,HIV ,MESH: Adult ,MESH: Retrospective Studies ,medicine.disease ,MESH: Odds Ratio ,MESH: Male ,Logistic Models ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Immunology ,Multivariate Analysis ,Parasitology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,MESH: Female - Abstract
International audience; In disease-endemic areas, histoplasmosis is the main differential diagnosis for tuberculosis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, no study has compared the two diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare tuberculosis and histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. A population of 205 HIV-infected patients (99 with tuberculosis and 106 with histoplasmosis) hospitalized in Cayenne, French Guiana during January 1, 1997-December 31, 2008 were selected retrospectively from the French Hospital Database on HIV. Multivariate analysis showed that tuberculosis was associated with cough (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05-0.73) and a C-reactive protein level > 70 mg/L (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). Variables associated with disseminated histoplasmosis were a γ-glutamyl transferase level > 72 IU/L (AOR = 4.99, 95% CI = 1.31-18.99), origin from French Guiana (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.30-20.73), disseminated localization (AOR = 6.40, 95% CI = 1.44-28.45), a concomitant opportunistic infection (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI = 1.50-29.96), a neutrophil count < 2,750 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 10.54, 95% CI = 2.83-39.24), a CD4 cell count < 60 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 11.62, 95% CI = 2.30-58.63), and a platelet count < 150,000/mm(3) (AOR = 19.20, 95% CI = 3.35-110.14). Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis have similarities, but some factors show a greater association with one of these diseases. Thus, adapted therapeutic choices can be made by using simple clinical and paraclinical criteria.
- Published
- 2014
29. How many have died from undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-associated histoplasmosis, a treatable disease? Time to act
- Author
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Christine Aznar, Antoine Adenis, Denis Blanchet, Mathieu Nacher, Magalie Demar, Vincent Vantilcke, Bernard Carme, Pierre Couppié, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Coordination Régionale de la Lutte contre le VIH, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, and ADENIS, ANTOINE
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Pediatrics ,MESH: Erythrocyte Deformability ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,MESH: Logistic Models ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,MESH: Osteonecrosis ,MESH: Risk Assessment ,Perspective Piece ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,MESH: Histoplasmosis ,MESH: Antisickling Agents ,MESH: Tuberculosis ,MESH: Incidence ,Histoplasmosis ,MESH: Aged ,0303 health sciences ,MESH: Middle Aged ,biology ,MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,MESH: HIV Infections ,MESH: Hydroxyurea ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,MESH: Young Adult ,MESH: Anemia, Sickle Cell ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Histoplasma ,030231 tropical medicine ,MESH: Multivariate Analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Virology ,MESH: United States ,Humans ,MESH: Histoplasma ,MESH: Prevalence ,MESH: Central America ,MESH: Humans ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Central America ,MESH: South America ,South America ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,United States ,MESH: Male ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Immunology ,Parasitology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,MESH: Female - Abstract
International audience; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum capsulatum infection often mimics tuberculosis. This disease is well know in the United States but is dramatically underdiagnosed in Central and South America. In the Amazon region, given the available incidence data and the regional HIV prevalence, it is expected that, every year, 1,500 cases of histoplasmosis affect HIV patients in that region alone. Given the mortality in undiagnosed patients, at least 600 patients would be expected to die from an undiagnosed but treatable disease. The lack of a simple diagnostic tool and the lack of awareness by clinicians spiral in a vicious cycle and made a major problem invisible for 30 years. The HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome community should tackle this problem now to prevent numerous avoidable deaths from HIV-associated histoplasmosis in the region and elsewhere.
- Published
- 2014
30. A complementary tool for management of disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infections in AIDS patients
- Author
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Denis Blanchet, Sophie Cassaing, Jean-François Magnaval, Pamela Chauvin, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Pierre Couppié, Antoine Berry, Sandie Menard, Magalie Demar, Judith Fillaux, Bernard Carme, Marie-Hélène Bessières, Antoine Adenis, Christine Aznar, Xavier Iriart, and Mathieu Nacher
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,Opportunistic infection ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Histoplasma ,Aspergillosis ,Microbiology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Histoplasmosis ,Cohort Studies ,Mannans ,03 medical and health sciences ,Galactomannan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood serum ,Antigen ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Antibodies, Fungal ,0303 health sciences ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Galactose ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,South America ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Immunology ,Female ,business - Abstract
In South America, disseminated histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum (H. capsulatum), is a severe and frequent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients. In areas outside the USA where specific-Histoplasma antigen detection is not available, the diagnosis is difficult. With the galactomannan antigen (GM) detection, a test commonly used for invasive aspergillosis diagnosis, there is a cross-reactivity with H. capsulatum that can be helpful for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the GM detection for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients. The performance of the GM detection was evaluated with serum collected in French Guiana where H. capsulatum is highly endemic. Sera from AIDS patients with disseminated histoplasmosis occurring from 2002 to 2009 and from control HIV-positive patients without histoplasmosis were tested with the GM detection and Histoplasma-specific antibody detection (IEP). In 39 AIDS patients with proven disseminated histoplasmosis, the sensitivity of the Histoplasma IEP was only 35.9% and was linked to the TCD4+ lymphocyte level. For the GM detection, the sensitivity (Se) was 76.9% and specificity (Sp) was 100% with the recommended threshold for aspergillosis diagnosis (0.5). The test was more efficient with a threshold of 0.4 (Se: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.66-0.92], Sp: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.86-1.00], LR+: >10, LR-: 0.18). This study confirms that the GM detection can be a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis in AIDS patients in endemic areas where Histoplasma EIA is not available.
- Published
- 2013
31. Dengue epidemics and adverse obstetrical outcomes in French Guiana: a semi-ecological study
- Author
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Philippe Dussart, Eleanor E. Friedman, Matthieu Hanf, Mathieu Nacher, Amaury Roger, Pierre Buekens, Claude Flamand, Bernard Carme, Pascal Bruncher, Gabriel Carles, Célia Basurko, and Gérard Bréart
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,Signs and symptoms ,Dengue virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Dengue fever ,Dengue ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pregnancy outcomes ,Epidemics ,Gynecology ,business.industry ,Postpartum Hemorrhage ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Pregnancy Outcome ,Ecological study ,Dengue Virus ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Pregnancy Trimester, First ,Infectious Diseases ,Premature birth ,Premature Birth ,Parasitology ,Female ,business - Abstract
Objective To determine whether dengue epidemics are associated with an increase in adverse obstetrical outcomes. Methods Semi-ecological study combining individual data on obstetrical events from the perinatal registry and aggregated exposure data from the epidemiologic surveillance of dengue in Cayenne, French Guiana between 2004 and 2007. Results After adjustment for individual risk factors, analysis showed that an epidemic level of dengue transmission during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of post-partum haemorrhage and preterm birth. The associated risks seemed to depend on the epidemic level. Conclusions Despite its limitations, this study suggests that dengue in the first trimester may be related to preterm birth and to post-partum bleeding, thus leading to specific hypotheses that should be tested in prospective studies. Objectif Determiner si les epidemies de dengue sont associees a une augmentation des resultats obstetricaux adverses. Methodes Etude semi-ecologique combinant les donnees individuelles sur les evenements obstetricaux du registre perinatal et les donnees d'exposition cumulees, provenant de la surveillance epidemiologique de la dengue a Cayenne, en Guyane francaise entre 2004 et 2007. Resultats Apres ajustement pour les facteurs de risque individuels, l'analyse a montre qu'un niveau epidemique de transmission de la dengue au cours du premier trimestre etait associe a un risque accru d'hemorragie postpartum et de prematurite. Les risques associes semblaient dependre de l'ampleur de l’epidemie. Conclusions Malgre ses limitations, la presente etude suggere que la dengue au cours du premier trimestre peut etre liee a la prematurite et a des saignements postpartum, ce qui conduit a des hypotheses specifiques qui devraient etre testees dans des etudes prospectives. Objetivo Determinar si las epidemias de dengue estan asociadas con un aumento en los resultados obstetricos adversos. Metodos Estudio semiecologico que combina datos individuales sobre eventos obstetricos desde el registro perinatal y datos agregados de exposicion de la vigilancia epidemiologica del dengue en Cayenne, Guayana Francesa entre 2004 y 2007. Resultados Despues de ajustar para factores de riesgo individuales, el analisis mostro que un nivel epidemico de transmision de dengue durante el primer trimestre estaba asociado con un aumento en el riesgo de hemorragias posparto y nacimientos prematuros. El riesgo asociado parece depender del nivel epidemico. Conclusiones A pesar de sus limitaciones, este estudio sugiere que el dengue, en el primer trimestre, podria estar relacionado con el nacimiento prematuro y el sangrado postparto, conllevando a la hipotesis especifica de que deberia evaluarse en estudios prospectivos.
- Published
- 2013
32. Primary Prophylaxis of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in HIV Patients in French Guiana: Arguments for Cost Effectiveness
- Author
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Vincent Vantilcke, Célia Basurko, Antoine Adenis, Mathieu Nacher, Christine Aznar, Pierre Couppié, Bernard Carme, Denis Blanchet, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH Guyane), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,Antifungal Agents ,Cost effectiveness ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,HIV Infections ,MESH: Hospitalization ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,MESH: Immunocompromised Host ,MESH: Histoplasmosis ,MESH: Incidence ,MESH: Cohort Studies ,Histoplasmosis ,health care economics and organizations ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,MESH: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Incidence ,MESH: HIV Infections ,Articles ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Hospitalization ,Infectious Diseases ,Cohort ,Female ,Itraconazole ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immunocompromised Host ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Disseminated histoplasmosis ,Virology ,MESH: French Guiana ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,MESH: Humans ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Euros ,MESH: Antifungal Agents ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,MESH: Male ,Surgery ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Hiv patients ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Parasitology ,business ,MESH: Itraconazole ,MESH: Female ,MESH: Cost-Benefit Analysis - Abstract
International audience; Histoplasmosis is the first cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related deaths in French Guiana. Cohort data were used to determine whether primary prophylaxis with 100 mg itraconazole for patients with CD4 counts < 150/mm(3) was cost-effective with different scenarios. For a scenario where 12% of patients died, 60% were aware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and adherence was only 50%, primary prophylaxis would prevent 1 death and 9 cases of histoplasmosis for a cost of 36,792 Euros per averted death, 1,533 per life-year saved, 4,415 Euros per averted case, when only counting the costs of itraconazole prophylaxis. Taking into account the total costs of hospitalization showed that primary prophylaxis would allow a savings of 185,178 Euros per year. Even in a scenario of low adherence, primary prophylaxis would be cost-effective in French Guiana, and presumably in the rest of the Guianas and the Amazon.
- Published
- 2013
33. Severe Acquired Toxoplasmosis Caused by Wild Cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, French Guiana
- Author
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Marie-Laure Dardé, Daniel Ajzenberg, Magalie Demar, Bernard Carme, Grelier, Elisabeth, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales-Hygiène hospitalière (EA 3593), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), and CHU Limoges
- Subjects
Felidae ,Acquired Toxoplasmosis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Disease Outbreaks ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,Multilocus genotype ,MESH: Animals ,MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,MESH: Disease Outbreaks ,Mammals ,severe toxoplasmosis ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,MESH: Toxoplasma ,Dispatch ,French Guiana ,3. Good health ,atypical strains ,Infectious Diseases ,Acute Disease ,MESH: Toxoplasmosis ,MESH: Acute Disease ,epidemiology ,Host adaptation ,Toxoplasma ,Toxoplasmosis ,Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,Severe disease ,Toxoplasma gondii ,Animals, Wild ,macromolecular substances ,MESH: Mammals ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Amazonia ,MESH: French Guiana ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Animals, Wild ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,MESH: Humans ,030306 microbiology ,lcsh:R ,MESH: Adult ,wild cycle French Guiana ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Immunology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,MESH: Felidae - Abstract
International audience; From 1998 through 2006, 44 cases of severe primary toxoplasmosis were observed in French Guiana in immunocompetent adults. Toxoplasma gondii isolates exhibited an atypical multilocus genotype. Severe disease in humans may result from poor host adaptation to neotropical zoonotic strains of T. gondii circulating in a forest-based cycle.
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- 2009
34. Increased incidence of mucosal candidiasis after HAART initiation: a benign form of immune reconstitution disease?
- Author
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Christine Aznar, Mathieu Nacher, Vincent Vantilcke, Florence Huber, Myriam El Guedj, Bernard Carme, Aba Mahamat, Andry Randrianjohany, E. Clyti, and Pierre Couppié
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Opportunistic infection ,medicine.medical_treatment ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,Immunology ,HIV Infections ,Immune system ,Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome ,Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,parasitic diseases ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Mycosis ,Retrospective Studies ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Candidiasis ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV-1 ,Female ,business - Abstract
Immune reconstitution after HAART initiation is often complicated by adverse clinical manifestations caused either by the unmasking of preexisting untreated opportunistic infections or the clinical deterioration of a known and treated opportunistic infection. The present study was conducted to determine whether the initiation of HAART was followed by an increase in the incidence of mucosal candidiases, a possible manifestation of immune reconstitution disease of the unmasking type.
- Published
- 2007
35. RECOVERY AND USE OF PLASMODIUM DNA FROM MALARIA RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
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Vincent Veron and Bernard Carme
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Plasmodium ,Time Factors ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Plasmodium vivax ,Biology ,Parasitemia ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Antigen capture ,Apicomplexa ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Species Specificity ,Virology ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Diagnostic test ,DNA, Protozoan ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Parasitology ,Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ,DNA ,Plasmodium DNA - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to show that individual malaria rapid diagnosis tests (MRDTs) could also be used to isolate Plasmodium DNA for genetic studies. We extracted and amplified Plasmodium DNA using two commercial MRDT kits. Phenol/chloroform extraction followed by a nested polymerse chain reaction (PCR) can be used to identify Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax from MRDTs. The PCR on MRDT-isolated DNA was more sensitive than antigen capture by MRDT. Satisfactory results were also obtained if older MRDT tests were used, even after long periods of storage at ambient temperature, with no special preservation.
- Published
- 2006
36. Increased Incidence of Disseminated Histoplasmosis Following Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation
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Mathieu Nacher, Christine Aznar, Tania Vaz, Bernard Carme, Myriam El Guedj, Fernand Alvarez, Valéry Nasser, Pierre Couppié, Andry Randrianjohany, and F. Sarazin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Statistics as Topic ,HIV Infections ,Histoplasmosis ,Cohort Studies ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Mycosis ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Hazard ratio ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
To determine whether the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had any influence on the incidence of disseminated histoplasmosis, a retrospective cohort study was performed on 1551 patients followed for up to 12 years. After controlling for CD4 counts, age, and sex, patients taking HAART for 2 months or less were more likely to develop disseminated histoplasmosis than untreated patients (respectively, hazard ratio, 3.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.57-8.7]; P = 0.003). In contrast, after 6 months of HAART, treated patients were less likely to develop disseminated histoplasmosis than untreated patients (hazard ratio, 0.6 [95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.98], P = 0.04). This increased incidence suggests that the initiation of HAART and the subsequent immune reconstitution may reveal undiagnosed latent disseminated histoplasmosis.
- Published
- 2006
37. First Report of Leishmania infantum in French Guiana: Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Imported from the Old World
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Jean-Pierre Dedet, Christophe Ravel, Brice Rotureau, Bernard Carme, and Christine Aznar
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Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Veterinary medicine ,Old World ,animal diseases ,Transportation ,Clinical Veterinary Microbiology ,Dogs ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Base sequence ,Dog Diseases ,Leishmania infantum ,Protozoal disease ,Base Sequence ,biology ,Leishmaniasis ,DNA, Protozoan ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,French Guiana ,Visceral leishmaniasis ,Leishmaniasis, Visceral ,Female ,France - Abstract
The first two cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis in French Guiana are described. One infected dog was most probably imported from France. A second dog was then infected with Leishmania infantum in French Guiana. These observations exemplify the intercontinental transportation theory for L. infantum .
- Published
- 2006
38. Compliance with and tolerance of mefloquine and chloroquine + proguanil malaria chemoprophylaxis in French short-term travellers to sub-Saharan Africa
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Gilles Nevez, Bernard Carme, and Chantal Peguet
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sub saharan ,Proguanil ,Antimalarials ,Chloroquine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,Medicine ,Adverse effect ,Travel ,Traditional medicine ,business.industry ,Mefloquine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Concomitant drug ,Kenya ,Senegal ,Malaria ,Infectious Diseases ,Chemoprophylaxis ,Patient Compliance ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,Parasitology ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary To compare the compliance with and tolerance of mefloquine (MQ) and chloroquine + proguanil (CQ-PRO) chemoprophylaxis, we conducted a study using a self-reported questionnaire in 2 groups of native French adult visitors to Senegal or Kenya. CQ (100 mg daily) + PRO (200 mg daily) prophylaxis was prescribed for all patients tiavelling to Senegal and for those going to Kenya when MQ was contraindicated; MQ (250 mg weekly) was prescribed for the other subjects. There were no significant differences in age, sex, exposition and measures of protection against mosquito bites, concomitant drug use or mean duration of chemoprophylaxis between the 2 groups, and compliance during travel was excellent in both. Chemoprophylaxis was more frequently interrupted prematurely in the MQ group. The rates of overall side-effects attributed to malaria chemoprophylaxis were 16% for MQ against 12% for CQ-PRO (not significant). However, nonserirous neuropsychiatric adverse events are more frequent with MQ: 11.5% compared to 2% with CQ-PRO. MQ should be used with caution.
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- 1997
39. The burden of Plasmodium vivax relapses in an Amerindian village in French Guiana
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Muriel Ville, Mathieu Nacher, Delphine Lemonnier, Félix Djossou, Célia Basurko, Narcisse Elenga, Magalie Demar, Paul Brousse, Bernard Carme, Aurélia Stefani, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Pharmacie Centrale, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Service de Pédiatrie, Département des Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and BMC, Ed.
- Subjects
Male ,Opinion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Primaquine ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium vivax ,Drug Prescriptions ,Cohort Studies ,Antimalarials ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Recurrence ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,parasitic diseases ,Malaria, Vivax ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,First episode ,biology ,business.industry ,Indians, South American ,Public health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,French Guiana ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasitology ,Child, Preschool ,Tropical medicine ,Immunology ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Female ,business ,Malaria ,Follow-Up Studies ,Cohort study ,medicine.drug - Abstract
International audience; : Malaria is a public health problem in French Guiana. Plasmodium vivax is the most frequent parasite. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the proportion of relapses in the burden of vivax malaria using the statistical rule stating that any case of vivax malaria occurring less than 90 days following a first episode is a relapse.A total of 622 subjects were followed for 2,9 years with 336 first single episodes of P. vivax malaria, and a total of 1,226 episodes of vivax malaria among which 559 were relapses (45.5%). For 194 patients having had falciparum malaria followed by vivax malaria it was estimated that 19% of the vivax episodes occurred less than 90 days following the falciparum episode and thus were possibly relapses due to the activation of latent hypnozoites. Despite the number of vivax cases and the number of relapses, there were only 28 recorded primaquine prescriptions (3.4% of vivax episodes, 4.5% of subjects).The present study points out that despite the fact that nearly half of the P. vivax cases, many of which in children, are caused by latent hypnozoites, only a minority of them benefit from primaquine radical cure. The obstacles to this are discussed and suggestions are made to reduce the burden of vivax malaria in Camopi and other remote health centres in French Guiana.
- Published
- 2013
40. High performance of histidine-rich protein 2 based rapid diagnostic tests in French Guiana are explained by the absence of pfhrp2 gene deletion in P. falciparum
- Author
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Lise Musset, Damien Donato, Eric Legrand, Franck Berger, Georges Palazon, Emilie Faway, Denis Blanchet, Mélanie Trouvay, Béatrice Volney, Bernard Carme, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), This project was supported by the French Ministry of Health (InVS agency, Paris, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane Française, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane - Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Medicale, Equipe Accueil 3593, and Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)
- Subjects
030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Protozoan Proteins ,lcsh:Medicine ,Antigens, Protozoan ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Exon ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,parasitic diseases ,MESH: French Guiana ,medicine ,Animals ,MESH: Animals ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,Malaria, Falciparum ,lcsh:Science ,Genotyping ,MESH: Protozoan Proteins ,Polymerase chain reaction ,MESH: Plasmodium falciparum ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,030306 microbiology ,MESH: Malaria, Falciparum ,Haplotype ,lcsh:R ,Diagnostic test ,MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gold standard (test) ,Gene deletion ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Immunology ,lcsh:Q ,[SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,Malaria ,Research Article ,MESH: Antigens, Protozoan - Abstract
Background:Care for malaria patients in endemic areas has been improved through the increasing use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Most RDTs target the histidine-rich protein-2 antigen (PfHRP2) to detect P. falciparum, as it is abundant and shows great heat stability. However, their use in South America has been widely questioned following a recent publication that pinpoints the high prevalence of Peruvian field isolates lacking the gene encoding this protein. In the remote rural health centers of French Guiana, RDTs are the main diagnosis tools. Therefore, a study of PfHRP2 RDT performances and pfhrp2 genotyping was conducted to determine whether a replacement of the current pLDH-based kit could be considered.Methods:The performance study compared the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® kit with the current gold standard diagnosis by microscopy. The prevalence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were evaluated from 221 P. falciparum isolates collected between 2009 and 2011 in French Guiana.Results:Between January 2010 and August 2011, 960 suspected cases of malaria were analyzed using microscopy and RDTs. The sensitivity of the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® for detection of P. falciparum was 96.8% (95% CI: 90.9-99.3), and 86.0% (95% CI: 78.9-91.5) for the detection of P. vivax. No isolates (95% CI: 0-4.5) lacking either exon of the pfhrp2 gene were identified among the 221 P. falciparum isolates analyzed, but 7.4% (95% CI: 2.8-15.4) lacked the exon 2 part of the pfhrp3 gene.Conclusions:Field isolates lacking either exon of the pfhrp2 gene are absent in this western part of South America. Despite its sensibility to detect P. vivax, the SD Malaria Ag test P.f/Pan® kit is a satisfying alternative to microscopy in remote health centers, where it is difficult to provide highly skilled microscopists and to maintain the necessary equipment.
- Published
- 2013
41. Climate and Leishmaniasis in French Guiana
- Author
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J. Dufour, Matthieu Hanf, Antoine Adenis, Amaury Roger, Célia Basurko, Dominique Sainte Marie, Pierre Couppié, Stéphane Simon, Denis Blanchet, Bernard Carme, Mathieu Nacher, Anne Sophie Drogoul, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and ADENIS, ANTOINE
- Subjects
Multivariate statistics ,MESH: Leishmaniasis ,Multivariate analysis ,MESH: Leishmania ,Climate ,Rain ,030231 tropical medicine ,MESH: DNA, Protozoan ,MESH: Multivariate Analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Virology ,MESH: French Guiana ,MESH: Humidity ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,MESH: Weather ,MESH: Incidence ,Leishmaniasis ,Weather ,El Nino-Southern Oscillation ,Leishmania ,MESH: El Nino-Southern Oscillation ,MESH: Humans ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Temperature ,Climatic variables ,Humidity ,Articles ,DNA, Protozoan ,medicine.disease ,MESH: Climate ,MESH: Temperature ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,El Niño Southern Oscillation ,El Niño ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,13. Climate action ,Multivariate Analysis ,Parasitology ,MESH: Rain ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; To study the link between climatic variables and the incidence of leishmaniasis a study was conducted in Cayenne, French Guiana. Patients infected between January 1994 and December 2010. Meteorological data were studied in relation to the incidence of leishmaniasis using an ARIMA model. In the final model, the infections were negatively correlated with rainfall (with a 2-month lag) and with the number of days with rainfall > 50 mm (lags of 4 and 7 months). The variables that were positively correlated were temperature and the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index with lags of 8 and 4 months, respectively. Significantly greater correlations were observed in March for rainfall and in November for the Multivariate El Niño/Southern Oscillation Index. Climate thus seems to be a non-negligible explanatory variable for the fluctuations of leishmaniasis. A decrease in rainfall is linked to increased cases 2 months later. This easily perceptible point could lead to an interesting prevention message.
- Published
- 2013
42. Land cover, land use and malaria in the Amazon: a systematic literature review of studies using remotely sensed data
- Author
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Eduardo S. Moreno, Ana Paula Sales de Andrade Corrêa, Alana C. S. Soares, Nadine Dessay, Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo, Emmanuel Roux, Clicia Denis Galardo, Isabelle Dusfour, Lise Musset, Helen da Costa Gurgel, Romain Girod, Aurélia Stefani, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes, Mathieu Nacher, Ana Cristina da Silva Ferreira Lima, Bernard Carme, Manoel C. B. Cruz, Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), STRonGer programme - Strenghtening Transdisciplinary Research on Infectious and Emerging Diseases in French Guiana [Cayenne, Guyane française] (STRonGer), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'entomologie médicale, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Oiapoque, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Amapá (LACEN-AP), Gerência de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Institucional - Saúde Pública, Department of Geography, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena - Amapá e Norte do Pará, Ministerio da Saude-Secretaria Especial de Saúde Indígena, Laboratoire de Parasitologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Agência de Desenvolvimento do Amapá, Macapá, The study was supported by OSE-Guyamapá, a cross-border cooperation project funded by the operational program 'Amazonie' of the European Regional Development Fund in French Guiana. This work has benefited from an 'Investissement d'Avenir' grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01). AS was partially funded by the CAPACITY specific programme (call STRonGer) FP7-REGPOT- 2011-1 (Grant agreement REGPOT-CT-2011-285837). This work is also supported by the Oyapock Human-Environment Observatory of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)., BMC, Ed., Instituto de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
- Subjects
Time Factors ,Review ,law.invention ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,law ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Human Activities ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Geography ,Amazon rainforest ,Ecology ,Environmental resource management ,Malária ,Agriculture ,Remote sensing ,Solos - uso ,3. Good health ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Systematic review ,Infectious Diseases ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Sensoriamento remoto ,Land cover ,Florestas - Amazônia ,030231 tropical medicine ,Landscape ecology ,Plant Development ,03 medical and health sciences ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Environmental factors ,Animals ,Humans ,Amazon ,Ecosystem ,Land use ,business.industry ,South America ,15. Life on land ,medicine.disease ,Ecologia ,Malaria ,Typology ,Culicidae ,Remote Sensing Technology ,Parasitology ,business - Abstract
International audience; The nine countries sharing the Amazon forest accounted for 89% of all malaria cases reported in the Americas in 2008. Remote sensing can help identify the environmental determinants of malaria transmission and their temporo-spatial evolution. Seventeen studies characterizing land cover or land use features, and relating them to malaria in the Amazon subregion, were identified. These were reviewed in order to improve the understanding of the land cover/use class roles in malaria transmission. The indicators affecting the transmission risk were summarized in terms of temporal components, landscape fragmentation and anthropic pressure. This review helps to define a framework for future studies aiming to characterize and monitor malaria.
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- 2013
43. Made in Europe: will artemisinin resistance emerge in French Guiana?
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Bernard Carme, Félix Djossou, Philippe J Guerin, François Nosten, Magalie Demar-Pierre, Mathieu Nacher, EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), University of Oxford [Oxford]-Churchill Hospital Oxford Centre for Haematology, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, University of Oxford-Churchill Hospital Oxford Centre for Haematology, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
- Subjects
Difficult problem ,Opinion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,Drug Resistance ,Antimalarials ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental protection ,Political science ,parasitic diseases ,Development economics ,medicine ,Humans ,Health policy ,030304 developmental biology ,Shadow (psychology) ,0303 health sciences ,Amazon rainforest ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Artemisinin resistance ,Legislature ,medicine.disease ,Artemisinins ,French Guiana ,Malaria ,3. Good health ,Europe ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Parasitology - Abstract
International audience; Resistance to artemisinin casts a shadow on the fight against malaria. The importance of illegal gold miners and of malaria in isolated regions of French Guiana constitutes a threat that endangers the fight against malaria in the Amazon. The hurdles of French laws and the remoteness of the territory from France make it impossible for the system to adapt to the problem of total inaccessibility of an important part of the malaria problem. Transmission is high in these areas and gold miners self-medicate with erratic regimens of artemisinin combinations, thus creating perfect conditions for the emergence of resistance. What needs to be done is being done, but within the limits of national law, with some results. However, facing the same difficult problem, Suriname shows more flexibility and is doing much better than French Guiana despite having lower resources. Local authorities in French Guiana cannot overrule the laws that block appropriate malaria care from reaching a third of malaria-exposed persons. Thus the health authorities in France should take immediate calibrated legislative and financial measures to avoid a predictable disaster.
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- 2013
44. Disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-Infected patients in South America: a neglected killer continues on its rampage
- Author
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Stephen Vreden, Vincent Vantilcke, Denis Blanchet, Maria Calvacante, Sandra Hermelijn, Angela Restrepo, Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão, Christine Aznar, Silvia Helena Marques da Silva, Cristina E. Canteros, Marja Van Eer, Rachida Boukhari, Antoine Adenis, Sigrid Mc Donald, Monika Roy, Ángela Urrego Tobón, Tom Chiller, Maurimelia Mesquita Da Costa, Mathieu Nacher, Pierre Couppié, Marizette Silva, Rosilene Malcher Leite, Ivina Lopes Lima, Angela M. Ahlquist, Merril Wongsokarijo, Cyrille Vautrin, Beatriz L. Gómez, Olivier Lortholary, Shanti Singh, Bernard Carme, Christina M. Scheel, Margarete do Socorro Mendonça Gomes, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Academisch Ziekenhuis, Paramaribo Hospital, Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Amapa, Hospital de Clinicas Dr. Alberto Lima, National AIDS Program, Ministary of Health, Public Health Central Laboratory of Suriname, Public health, Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Médico clínico, Departamento de Saude Comunitaria, Universidade Federal do Ceará = Federal University of Ceará (UFC)-Faculdade de Medicina, Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporacion para Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB), SERVICIO ANTIMICROBIANOS, Dpto. Bacteriología-Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais, Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ADENIS, ANTOINE
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030231 tropical medicine ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Context (language use) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Histoplasmosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Disseminated histoplasmosis ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Hiv infected patients ,Amphotericin ,Epidemiologia ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Cause of death ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Neglected Disease ,Neglected Diseases ,HIV ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Am?rica do Sul / epidemiologia ,South America ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Clinical laboratories ,Diagnostic medicine ,3. Good health ,Histoplasmose ,Infectious Diseases ,Editorial ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,HIV epidemiology ,Immunology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Brazil - Abstract
Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Epid?miologie Clinique Antilles Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana, France. / Universite? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana. Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Epid?miologie Clinique Antilles Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana, France. / Universite? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana. Academisch Ziekenhuis Paramaribo Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. National AIDS Program. Georgetown, Guyana. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Laborat?rio Central de Sa?de P?blica do Amap?. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Academisch Ziekenhuis Paramaribo Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname. Public Health Central Laboratory of Suriname. Paramaribo, Suriname. Diakonessenhuis Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Hospital de Clinicas Dr. Alberto Lima. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Hospital de Clinicas Dr. Alberto Lima. Macap?, AP, Brazil. Universidade Federal do Cear? - Faculdade de Medicina - Departamento de Sa?de Comunitaria. Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Corporaci?n para Investigaciones Biol?gicas. Medell?n, Colombia. Corporaci?n para Investigaciones Biol?gicas. Medell?n, Colombia Corporaci?n para Investigaciones Biol?gicas. Medell?n, Colombia INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbr?n". Buenos Aires, Argentina Universit? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Universit? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais. Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana, France Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais. Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana, France Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais. Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana, France Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycotic Diseases Branch. Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Institut Pasteur. National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals. Molecular Mycology Unit. Paris, France Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne. Centre d Investigation Clinique Epid?miologie Clinique Antilles Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana, France. / Universite? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Universit? Antilles Guyane. Epidemiologie Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales. Cayenne, French Guiana Academisch Ziekenhuis Paramaribo Hospital. Paramaribo, Suriname
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- 2013
45. PlasmodiumDNA Contamination between Blood Smears during Giemsa Staining and Microscopic Examination
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Agnès Aubouy and Bernard Carme
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Microscopy ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Plasmodium vivax ,Plasmodium falciparum ,DNA, Protozoan ,Contamination ,biology.organism_classification ,Azure Stains ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Giemsa stain ,Malaria ,law.invention ,Staining ,Microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,law ,DNA Contamination ,parasitic diseases ,Field stain ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Polymerase chain reaction - Abstract
Giemsa-stained blood smears are mainly used for microscopic examination to diagnose malaria. However, they may also be subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm diagnosis or for retrospective studies requiring the analysis of old smears. We investigated the possibility of DNA contamination occurring during automated Giemsa staining or due to the failure to clean the oil-immersion objective during microscopic examination. We tested blood smears from uninfected, Plasmodium vivax-infected, and P. falciparum-infected patients. DNA contamination was observed after both staining and microscopy, although contamination was unpredictable during staining. These results are of utmost importance when smears are used for PCR.
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- 2004
46. Discriminating malaria from dengue fever in endemic areas: clinical and biological criteria, prognostic score and utility of the C-reactive protein: a retrospective matched-pair study in French Guiana
- Author
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Matthieu Hanf, Bernard Carme, Mathieu Nacher, Philippe Dussart, Loïc Epelboin, Félix Djossou, Charlotte Boullé, S. Ouar-Epelboin, ADENIS, ANTOINE, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), French National Reference Centre for Arboviruse, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
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Male ,Multivariate analysis ,Epidemiology ,Dengue fever ,Dengue Fever ,Dengue ,0302 clinical medicine ,Plasmodium Vivax ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Plasmodium Falciparum ,C-Reactive Protein ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Medicine ,Female ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Adolescent ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Anemia ,030231 tropical medicine ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Diagnosis, Differential ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Case-control study ,Infant ,Tropical Diseases (Non-Neglected) ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Malaria ,Biomarker Epidemiology ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Clinical Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Dengue and malaria are two major public health concerns in tropical settings. Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne diseases differ, their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific. During dengue epidemics, several hundred patients with fever and diffuse pain are weekly admitted at the emergency room. It is difficult to discriminate them from patients presenting malaria attacks. Furthermore, it may be impossible to provide a parasitological microscopic examination for all patients. This study aimed to establish a diagnostic algorithm for communities where dengue fever and malaria occur at some frequency in adults. Methodology/Principal Findings A sub-study using the control groups of a case-control study in French Guiana – originally designed to compare dengue and malaria co-infected cases to single infected cases – was performed between 2004 and 2010. In brief, 208 patients with malaria matched to 208 patients with dengue fever were compared in the present study. A predictive score of malaria versus dengue was established using .632 bootstrap procedures. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, age, tachycardia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and CRP>5 mg/l were independently associated with malaria. The predictive score using those variables had an AUC of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.82–0.89), and the CRP was the preponderant predictive factor. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP>5 mg/L to discriminate malaria from dengue were of 0.995 (95%CI: 0.991–1) and 0.35 (95%CI 0.32–0.39), respectively. Conclusions/Significance The clinical and biological score performed relatively well for discriminating cases of dengue versus malaria. Moreover, using only the CRP level turned to be a useful biomarker to discriminate feverish patients at low risk of malaria in an area where both infections exist. It would avoid more than 33% of unnecessary parasitological examinations with a very low risk of missing a malaria attack., Author Summary The authors present a retrospective matched-pair study on dengue and malaria performed in French Guiana. These two infections are major public health concerns in tropical regions, especially in South America and Southeast Asia, where they affect neglected populations which makes them interesting to be published in a journal aiming to publish about neglected tropical diseases. Although the pathogeneses of these two arthropod-borne differ, their clinical and biological presentations are unspecific. During dengue epidemics, hundreds of patients are admitted weekly with diffuse pains and fever at the emergency room. Among them, it is difficult to accurately distinguish malaria attacks, which are far less frequent than dengue fever cases. Moreover, it may be impossible to provide a parasitological microscopic examination for all patients. We believe the results of the present study, based on a sample of n = 416 individual are worthwhile as they support evidence that biological factors can help to discriminate between the two, in areas where they co-exist in endemic areas. A simple prognostic score based on clinical and biological criteria was built, interesting and easy-to-use for physicians in tropical areas.
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- 2012
47. Interactions between Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Malaria in a Cohort of Children in an Amazonian Village: Table 1
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Stéphane Simon, Marie Cheuret, Paul Brousse, Bernard Carme, Mathieu Nacher, D.T. Nguyen, and Aurélia Stefani
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0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Ascaris ,Amazonian ,030231 tropical medicine ,Plasmodium vivax ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Odds ratio ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,parasitic diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,Cohort ,medicine ,Ascaris lumbricoides ,Malaria ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction: Most studies on nematode-malaria interactions were conducted outside of the Americas. The objective of the present study was thus to study the relation between malaria and nematodes in a cohort of children in an Amazonian village. Methods: Odds ratios for intestinal nematode infections as an explanatory variable to malaria resistant vs. malaria sensitive were computed. Results: Ascaris lumbricoides was significantly more frequent in the ‘resistant’ malaria group than in the ‘sensitive’ one. Conclusions: Despite its low statistical power, the present results find that Ascaris was associated with less malaria, as observed by a number of studies.
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- 2016
48. Disseminated Histoplasmosis Seasonal Incidence Variations: A Supplementary Argument for Recent Infection?
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Matthieu Hanf, Mathieu Nacher, Bernard Carme, Antoine Adenis, Pierre Couppié, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Université des Antilles (UA), and ADENIS, ANTOINE
- Subjects
Wet season ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Climate ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Dermatology ,Environment ,Histoplasmosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Disseminated histoplasmosis ,Virology ,Epidemiology ,Medicine ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Hazard ratio ,HIV ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; Background: In French Guiana, a recent study has shown that a major part of the histoplasmosis incidence temporal fluctuations could be explained by climatic factors and thus postulated that disseminated histoplasmosis cases could be in a large proportion due to new infections. The description of the seasonal pattern of histoplasmosis could potentially help to test this new hypothesis. Patients and methods: A study using prospective data from the French Hospital Database for HIV was conducted in order to determine seasonal variations of the incidence of first cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV persons in Cayenne, French Guiana. Single failure Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results: After adjusting for CD4 counts and antiretroviral treatment, the incidence of disseminated histoplasmosis was significantly higher during the Short Wet Season-Long Dry Season than during the Short Dry Season-Long Wet Season (Adjusted Hazard ratio 1.7 (1.1-2.5), P= 0.01). Conclusion: This result gives both valuable epidemiologic information to clinicians and a supplementary argument in favour of the hypothesis that an important proportion of cases were due to recent exposure. Therefore, the use of a primary prophylaxis must be discussed in French Guiana.
- Published
- 2012
49. Hierarchy of Determinants Underlying Death among HIV-Infected Patients in French Guiana
- Author
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Pierre Couppié, Bernard Carme, Mathieu Nacher, Matthieu Hanf, Antoine Adenis, EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Epidémiologie des parasitoses et mycoses tropicales, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Dermatologie et Vénérologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and ADENIS, ANTOINE
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Population ,Addiction ,Dermatology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Virology ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Mortality ,Tree based method ,education ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Omics ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,French Guiana ,Infectious Diseases ,[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,HIV/AIDS ,Female ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; Objective: In order to determine how risk factors of death among HIV-infected patients in French Guiana interact with one another and to define high risk population segments, an alternative statistical method to Cox proportional hazards models was used. Patients and methods: Data from HIV+ patients followed in the three main hospitals of French Guiana were used. Data were extracted from the prospective French Hospital Database for HIV (FHDH). To examine the nature of the relationships between time of death since the first consultation and a set of predictor variables (age at enrolment, gender, nationality, CD4 count at enrolment, presence or absence of HAART at enrolment, a declared addiction, and mode of acquisition of the virus) a survival tree analysis was used. Survival rates at 5 years and 10 years and their 95% confidence interval were also calculated. Results: This analysis permitted to reveal a new specific subgroup of HIV+ patients particularly at risk in French Guiana not already mentioned in the literature: the HIV+ female patients with a declared addiction. Conclusions: Prevention and care in this vulnerable segment of the HIV+ population identified by this methodology should be reinforced.
- Published
- 2012
50. The impact of corruption on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a quantitative assessment
- Author
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Matthieu, Hanf, Antoine, Adenis, Pierre, Couppié, Bernard, Carme, and Mathieu, Nacher
- Subjects
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ,Humans ,Crime - Published
- 2012
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