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The introduction of an electronic medical record (EMR) has been rapidly accelerating in South Korea. The EMR was expected to improve quality of care, readability, availability, and the quality of data. However, the reluctance of healthcare providers to use the EMR may have caused a reduction of information recorded in EMRs. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there was any loss of information following the introduction of a narrative text-based EMR in the recording of chief complaint and present illness in inpatient medical records. Inpatient medical records of a university hospital were retrospectively evaluated for one month before and one month after the introduction of the EMR in June 2006. The volume of information for chief complaint and present illness was measured by number of words in Korean and normalised bytes. Change in volume of information was measured by two-way ANOVA and multiple regression analyses, controlling for doctors' gender, age, and grade/year of residents, patients' readmission status, reasons for admission and service department to assess any effect of the introduction of an EMR. Total numbers of paper-based medical records (PMRs) and EMRs for analysis were 1,159 and 1,122, respectively. Forty-three doctors participated in the study. Thirty-one (72%) doctors were less than 30 years of age. Number of words proved a better outcome measure (R2=.22 for CC, R2=.36 for PI) than normalised bytes (R2=.18 for CC, R2=.35 for PI) for measuring volume of information. Results showed that the volume of information in the chief complaint and present illness was not decreased after the introduction of the EMR, except when the dependent variable was measured by number of words in the present illness. The study showed that the introduction of the EMR did not reduce the volume of information documented for chief complaint and present illness in inpatient medical records. However, further studies are needed to identify how to control the probable loss of information as showed in present illness measured by number of words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Predicting the impact of any research article on its scientific discipline is often viewed as requiring the passage of time. A recent BMJ article, however, reported that an article's citation rate at 2years could be predicted by data available 3weeks following publication. The question remains as to whether establishing a citation trajectory at an early stage holds for psychiatric publications, given the low percentage of psychiatric articles in their analysis. The aim of the current article was to critically examine this area of the scientific literature. Method: Data were collected from the Institute for Scientific Information on scientific papers published in January/February 2006, in the top 30 psychiatric journals. Analyses examined the comparative impact of early citation numbers and several predictors identified in the BMJ article. Results: Only two BMJ variables (a larger number of references per article and larger number of authors) predicted higher citations at 2years in the principal analysis. Citation counts at 1, 3, 6 and 12months predicted citations at 2years, with increasing success over time, and such citation counts were distinctly superior to the quantified variables in the previous study. Conclusions: It appears doubtful that data available at 3weeks after publication for psychiatric articles are useful in predicting citation counts at 2years. The trajectory of citation counts for a psychiatric article becomes more apparent with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between earnings management and financial distress and considers whether this relationship varies based on the severity of financial distress and signs of discretionary accruals (a proxy for earnings management). For this purpose, multiple regression analysis has been employed on a sample of 192 financially distressed Indian firms during the period 2011–2018, counting to 1,272 firm-year observations. Discretionary accruals are estimated by the Modified Jones model and Raman and Shahrur (2008) model, while Altman's Z -score and distance-to-default model are used to detect the degree of financial distress. The findings disclose that the low distressed firms are indulged in higher earnings management than high distressed firms. Also, the low distressed firms are engaged more in income-decreasing earnings management. However, the results are not consistent across both earnings management and distress measures. The findings have significant implications for investors and creditors. They need to be aware of this fact while evaluating creditworthiness of a firm since firms with even a low degree of financial distress can indulge in earnings management to camouflage their true financial condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults play a significant role in society. They make valuable contributions to their families, communities, and economies. However, their mental health is often overlooked, and this can have consequences for their functioning, the societies in which they live, and those who depend on them. Social support's beneficial role on mental health is well studied. However, the mechanism of social support's beneficial role is often debated, with a wide range of studies showing varying result. This paper aims to contribute to understanding older adults' mental health drivers in the Norwegian context, in particular focusing on the stress buffering effect of social support on negative life events' effect on mental health. Data from the third wave of the Norwegian study on the life course, aging and generation study (NorLAG) were used, focusing on those aged 67 or over. Multiple regression analyses showed no evidence for the buffering effect of social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multimorbidity has emerged as a major challenge facing health services globally, which will place a substantial burden on health systems going forward. This paper seeks to estimate the association between multimorbidity and direct healthcare costs among older people in Ireland from a healthcare system perspective. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data on 8,447 community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over collected between 2009 and 2011 as part of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Multivariable generalised linear model regression, employing a log-link and Poisson family distribution, is used to assess the association between self-reported multimorbidity status and direct healthcare costs. Results: For the full sample, 21.20% reported having no chronic conditions, 27.39% had one chronic condition, and 51.40% had multimorbidity. After controlling for a range of socio-demographic and health status variables, we found that relative to those reporting no chronic conditions, one chronic condition was associated with additional average annual costs of €513 (95% CIs: 245, 781), increasing to €1277 (95% CIs: 942, 1612) for those with 6 or more chronic conditions. Relative to those reporting 2 chronic conditions, 4 chronic conditions were associated with additional costs of €411 (95% CIs: 106, 716), 5 chronic conditions with €591 (95% CIs: 214, 969), and 6 or more chronic conditions with additional average costs of €1006 (95% CIs: 641, 1371). Conclusion: This study finds positive and significant associations between the number of chronic conditions and direct healthcare costs and further highlights the potential economic benefits from preventing the onset and progression of multimorbidity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-rated physical health (SRPH) and self-rated mental health (SRMH) are both linked to excess morbidity and premature mortality and can vary across rural and urban contexts. This can be particularly problematic for rural residents who have less access to important health care infrastructure. In this paper, we assess the prevalence of and rural-urban disparities at the intersection of SRPH and SRMH, specifically self-rated physical/mental multimorbidity (SRPMM) overall and across rural-urban contexts. Methods: Using a cross-sectional demographically representative national dataset of over 4000 working age adults in the U.S., we expose rural-urban differences in the prevalence of SRPMM and explore individual-level factors that may explain this disparity. Results: Approximately 15 percent of working age adults reported SRPMM, but rural adults were at higher risk than their urban counterparts. However, this disadvantage disappeared for remote rural working-age adults and was attenuated for metro-adjacent rural working-age adults when we controlled for the fact that rural adults had lower household incomes. Conclusion: Findings reveal a higher risk of SRPMM among rural adults, in part because of lower incomes among this group. This work acts as the foundation for facilitating research on and addressing rural-urban disparities in SRPMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study explored the role of pre-existing and pandemic-time child, family or environmental factors in the presentation of mental health symptoms of autistic youth and their parents during the pandemic. Participants were parents/carers of autistic children (Autism Spectrum Treatment and Resilience Cohort, N = 67, M age = 9 years) and adolescents (QUEST cohort, N = 112, M age = 17 years). Parents completed an online survey that asked about child and parental mental health, infection experience, and changes to education arrangements, family life, housing and finances during the pandemic. Pre-existing measures of mental health, autism and adaptive functioning were also utilised. More engagement and enjoyment in education provision and going outside was associated with better child and parental mental health. In multivariate multiple linear regression models, more pre-existing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were associated with more behavioural/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms during the pandemic in the pre-adolescent cohort, and with greater emotional symptoms in the adolescent cohort. More pre-existing parental mental health problems were associated with more parental mental health symptoms during the pandemic in both cohorts. Knowledge of pre-existing mental health and pandemic-related stressors may help care planning. Encouraging engagement and enjoyment in education and promoting physical exercise are key intervention targets. Ensuring access to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication and support is important, especially if this is managed jointly across school and home. What is already known about the topic: The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated restrictions impacted all of society. There is emerging evidence showing a range of impacts on autistic children and young people and their families. Further research that looks at how individuals coped during the pandemic while considering how they were doing before the pandemic is needed. What this paper adds: This article explores whether how well autistic youth were doing before the pandemic influenced how they coped during the pandemic. It also looked at how well their parents were doing during the pandemic and whether any pre-pandemic factors influenced how they coped. Samples of both primary-school-aged autistic children and autistic teenagers and their parents were surveyed to answer these questions. More engagement and enjoyment in education provision during the pandemic and getting outside more were linked with better child and parental mental health during the pandemic. More attention deficit hyperactivity disorder before the pandemic was linked with more attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and behavioural problems during the pandemic in primary-school-aged autistic children, and more emotional problems during the pandemic in autistic teenagers. Parents with more mental health problems during the pandemic had more mental health problems before the pandemic. Implications for practice, research or policy: Encouraging engagement and enjoyment in education and promoting physical exercise are key intervention targets. Ensuring access to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication and support is important, especially if this is managed jointly across school and home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first European Union Survey on Violence against Women (EU-VAW) released in 2014 revealed the unexpected result indicating that the world's most egalitarian countries have relatively high rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (IPVAW). This phenomenon, referred to as the "Nordic Paradox," revived a heated, intermittently ongoing discussion dating back four decades where several competing hypotheses about the relationship between gender inequality and IPVAW have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. The main aim of this paper is to revisit the most important of such hypotheses proposed in the last four decades, while proposing a new one that could potentially throw some light on understanding the "Nordic Paradox." Multilevel linear regression models are estimated using data from the EU-VAW survey conducted in 2012, and an alternative operationalization of the Gender Equality Index (GEI) (our measure of gender equality). We did not find any significant effect of gender equality on IPVAW repetition. However, we found that higher country-level status of women and men go together with less IPVAW, with a larger effect of women's status in economic domains compared to the impact of men's economic status, and a larger effect of men's overall status. These findings support the Marxist feminist hypothesis, stating that women's absolute status in the economic and labor domain is critical in lessening IPVAW, as women's real and potential access to resources is key for leaving a violent relationship. At the same time, our results support the "male privilege protection" hypothesis, which states that gains in women's status in certain domains—such as in the economic sphere considering our results for the European Union—would not suppose a threat to men, allowing ameliorative effects. In contrast, if the overall status of men is threatened, backlash effects would be triggered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Influenza (flu) and COVID-19 vaccination rates are subpar across the US, especially in racial and/or socioeconomic minority groups who are understudied in public health literature. Objective: The objective of this mixed-methods study was to elucidate attitudes of patients at the Turtle Creek Primary Care Center, a clinic that cares for ∼70% non-white patients, towards flu and COVID-19 vaccines, with the goal of establishing vaccine education gaps and increasing vaccine uptake in minority communities. Design/Patients: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional analysis. Authors completed 123 patient phone surveys of patients cared for at the Turtle Creek clinic inquiring about flu and COVID-19 infection status and vaccination uptake (August 26–October 10, 2021). Approach/Key Results: We found that rates of vaccination were subpar in the Turtle Creek community, with only 54% having received the COVID-19 vaccine and only 44% receiving the flu vaccine regularly. There was a strong association between COVID-19 and flu vaccine acceptance and a notable correlation between vaccine acceptance and age. When assessing how vaccine acceptance was influenced by trusted sources of information, those who cited trusting "medical professionals" and "word of mouth" had higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance but those who cited trusting "social media" had decreased odds of acceptance. Finally, we uncovered 14 common factors for either vaccine acceptance or refusal that clustered into four overarching themes of trust, need, safety, and availability. Conclusion: These data highlight the necessity of improved vaccine education and reveal targetable populations and approaches for disseminating vaccine information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the relationship between green resources, product recycling, CO2 emission, and clean environment, using time series data spanning from 1990 to 2021. The sample of the study was the green energy sector of Pakistan and clean energy was taken as the dependent variable while green energy resources, product recycling, and CO2 emissions were chosen as independent variables. Correlation matrix and multiple regression analysis were applied to determine the relationship between green energy resources, product recycling, CO2 emissions, and clean environment. The results of the study show that there is significant positive relationship between green energy resources and product recycling with clean environment but negative association between CO2 emissions and clean environment. These results provide valuable insight for policy makers to focus on development of green energy resources and encourage products recycling as an effective strategy to mitigate the depletion of natural resources and improvement of clean environment to attain sustainability in the energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze poverty issues in rural households of India sampled purposively from the perspective of per capita Monthly Consumption Expenditure. In addition, the decomposition of poverty across social group affiliation and economic status adds another flavor to this study. The study concentrates on one of the backward areas of West Bengal, the district of Purulia, a resource-poor district with a distinct presence of scheduled social group population. The candidate villages were selected purposively keeping in mind the aspects of physical isolation and socio-economic stagnancy. Quantitative tools like Stepwise Multiple Regression and Decomposition analysis by FGT indices were instrumental in estimating the relative strengths of the factors affecting poverty. Besides, the study has simultaneously added the life history approach to integrate the QUAN-QUAL methods with an aim to produce a more complete picture. The critical findings include that the scheduled social groups, especially tribes, and daily wage casual laborers followed by agricultural laborers, were identified as the most vulnerable to poverty indicators in their respective population segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study goals: The study examines the connection between exposure to terror attacks from the Gaza Strip, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, cultural identities, and social support among immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) to Israel. Subjects: The study was conducted using a community sample of immigrants from the FSU to Israel living within a radius of 60 kilometers from the Gaza Strip (n = 601). Method: The study was cross-sectional and used anonymous questionnaires. The following scales were applied: the Measure of Exposure to Terrorism (Pat-Horenczyk, R., Abramovitz, R., Peled, O., Brom, D., Daie, A., & Chemtob, C. M. (2007). Adolescent exposure to recurrent terrorism in Israel: Post-traumatic distress and functional impairment. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77 (1), 76–85), the PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the ninth annual meeting of the international society for traumatic stress studies), the Social Network Interview (Mueller, D. P. (1980). Social networks: a promising direction for research on the relationship of the social environment to psychiatric disorder. Social Science &Medicine—Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, 14A (2), 147–161), the Scale of Identification with Cultural Groups (Roccas, S. (1997). Factors affecting identification with groups: Personality, group characteristics, and interaction between them. The Hebrew University), and the Scale of Adherence to Group Cultural Practices (Birman, D., & Tyler, F. B. (1994). Acculturation and alienation of Soviet Jewish refugees in the United States. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120 (1), 101–115). Findings: The study results demonstrated that social support received from both the immigrant group and the larger society buffered the effect of exposure to terror attacks on PTSD symptoms among immigrants. Both components of cultural identity, identification with the group and adherence to the group's cultural practices, predicted social support received from the group. The effects were demonstrated for the support received from the immigrant group and the larger society. Major implications: The study results indicate that the immigrant group and the larger society may provide social support to immigrants in a stressful situation. The bicultural identity enables immigrants to receive social support from both cultural groups. Thus, the present study advances our understanding of the connection between the immigrants' bicultural identity and psychological well-being/distress. On the theoretical level, the present study advances our understanding of the immigrants' coping with the potentially traumatizing situations combining ideas of the conservation of resources (Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. In S. Folkman (Ed.) The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping. Oxford University Press) and acculturation theories (Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29 (6), 697–712). From the practical point of view, the study results indicate that for immigrants to cope successfully with life-threatening situations, helping services must ensure the immigrants' access to the resources of both the immigrant group and the larger society and strengthen the immigrants' bicultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A list of research and studies on industrial relations, politics and government in North America is presented. It includes "Anti-Right-to-Work Voting: A Multiple Regression Analysis of Missouri's 1978 Right-to-Work Election," by Gilbert Gall, "Public Policy and Strikes in Canada," by Morley Gunderson and Frank Reid, and "Structural Change in Canadian Industrial Relations: An Institutional and Econometric Assessment," by Anil Verma, Morley Gunderson, Noah M. Meltz, Frank Reid and Joseph Weiler.

Biomarkers may serve as objective measures in complicated grief (CG) potentially capturing responses to stress reduction treatment. This paper reports challenges in obtaining and assessing salivary cortisol and α-amylase (sAA) for a recent randomized clinical trial. Within-session changes in salivary cortisol and sAA for 54 older adults with CG who received Accelerated Resolution Therapy were compared with perceived stress measured by Subjective Units of Distress Scale. Bivariate correlations and multiple regressions examined changes in biomarkers. Protocols, study logs, and audit reports identified challenges. Challenges included obtaining unstimulated passive drool salivary samples and their analyses. Our sample of older females on multiple medications may have resulted in a perfect storm of moderating and intervening variables which affected the stress response. This paper contributes to the discussion on designing clinical trials for older adults which must account for physiologic changes, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy common in this population and makes recommendations moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, according to the one-dimensional heat transfer mechanism between fabric and human body, it is found that different thermal properties affect different heat transfer stages of fabric. Therefore, we used the maximum heat flux qmax as the index to characterize the transient contact cool feeling of fabrics, and measured the thermal properties, various specifications and surface morphology of 40 kinds of summer fabrics. Firstly, we discussed the influence of the above properties on the transient cool feeling. Secondly, according to multivariate stepwise regression, the significant representative variables are selected, and the prediction model of transient coolness and fabric properties is established. Furthermore, the model was verified to explore the subjective and objective consistency. The results show that, in the transient heat transfer stage, the influencing factors that are significantly related to the cool feeling of fabric include fabric thickness, grammage, volumetric heat capacity, thermal conductivity, warp and weft density, and roughness. The main component representative variables of the cooling sensation regression equation are volumetric heat capacity and thickness, and other variables can be explained by these two variables. Changing them is the key to enhance the cooling sensation. The predicted value of coolness is in good agreement with the subjective evaluation of cooling sensation, which has a certain guiding effect on the actual human cool feeling. The purpose of this study is to find out the main factors that affect the cool feeling, and then apply the established cool feeling model to the development of fabrics in summer, so as to meet the thermal comfort requirements of human body's fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This case-control study investigated the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and musculoskeletal health complaints (MHC). The specific aims of the study were (1) to compare the 1-month prevalence of MHC among post-acute COVID-19 patients and participants who never tested positive for COVID-19 matched by the former group's age and gender; (2) to identify the predictors of MHC among all participants, and (3) define the factors independently associated with MHC in post-acute COVID-19 patients. Methods and Analysis: The study was conducted in Bangladesh from February 24 to April 7, 2022. The face-to-face interview was taken using a paper-based semi-structured questionnaire. MHC was measured using the musculoskeletal subscale of subjective health complaints produced by Eriksen et al. Descriptive analysis was conducted to compute MHC prevalence and compare them across groups. Multiple logistic analyses were employed to identify MHC predictors for the participants. Results: The prevalence of MHC was 38.7%. Adjusted analysis suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 infection was independently associated with MHC (AOR = 3.248,95% CI = 2.307-4.571). Furthermore, unemployment (AOR = 4.156, 95% CI = 1.308-13.208), moderate illness (AOR = 2.947,95% CI = 1.216-7.144), treatment in hospitals' general word (AOR = 4.388,95% CI = 1.878-10.254) and health complaints after COVID-19 (AOR = 4.796,95% CI = 2.196-10.472) were found to be the predictors of MHC among post-acute COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: Our study found a robust association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and MHC and recommends that healthcare authorities be prepared to deal with the high burden of MHC among post-acute COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgender patients are at elevated risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), but national guidelines do not recommend routine screening for this population. This paper explores the feasibility and effectiveness of routine IPV screening of transgender patients in a primary care setting by describing an existing screening program and identifying factors associated with referral and engagement in IPV-related care for transgender patients. An IPV "referral cascade" was created for 1,947 transgender primary care patients at an urban community health center who were screened for IPV between January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2016: (a) Of those screening positive, how many were referred? (b) Of those referred, how many engaged in IPV-specific care within 3 months? Logistic regression identified demographic correlates of referral and engagement. Of the 1,947 transgender patients screened for IPV, 227 screened positive. 110/227 (48.5%) were referred to either internal or external IPV-related services. Of those referred to on-site services, 65/103 (63.1%) had an IPV-related appointment within 3 months of a positive screen. IPV referral was associated with being assigned male at birth (AMAB) versus assigned female at birth (AFAB) (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.52, 4.75) and with nonbinary, rather than binary, gender identity (AOR = 2.07, 95%CI 1.09, 3.73). Engagement in IPV-related services was not associated with any measured demographic characteristics. Similar to published rates for cisgender women, half of transgender patients with positive IPV screens received referrals and two-thirds of those referred engaged in IPV-specific care. These findings support routine IPV screening and referral for transgender patients in primary care settings. Provider training should focus on how to ensure referrals are made for all transgender patients who screen positive for IPV, regardless of gender identity, to ensure the benefits of screening accrue equally for all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health crisis. During huge surge in COVID-19 cases, most of the patient arrived at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai were severe due to late presentation and also available evidence demonstrating that the delay in treatment is directly associated with increased mortality or poor patient outcome. As an innovative concept of Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward were set up to provide the required critical care for all severe COVID-19 cases. The experience of setting up of such Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward and profile of admitted COVID-19 patients were described in this paper. Methods: A total of 4515 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward was analyzed retrospectively from 7th July to 31st December 2020. Results: At the time of admission the frequency of dyspnea were 85.6% among them 99.1% recovered from dyspnea after the oxygen therapy and other management at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward. Of the 4515 COVID-19 individuals, about 1829 (40.5%) had comorbidity, 227 (5%) had died. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 death was more likely to be associated with comorbidity (OR: 18.687; 95% CI: 11.229-31.1) than other variables. Conclusions: Comorbidity is an independent high risk factor for mortality of COVID-19 patients. From our observation, it is strongly recommended that effective zero delay covid-19 ward model will help for the prevention of mortality in current/expected waves of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheating is a serious threat in unproctored ability assessment, irrespective of countermeasures taken, anticipated consequences (high vs. low stakes), and test modality (paper-pencil vs. computer-based). In the present study, we examined the power of (a) self-report-based indicators (i.e., Honesty-Humility and Overclaiming scales), (b) test data (i.e., performance with extremely difficult items), and (c) para data (i.e., reaction times, switching between browser tabs) to predict participants' cheating behavior. To this end, 315 participants worked on a knowledge test in an unproctored online assessment and subsequently in a proctored lab assessment. We used multiple regression analysis and an extended latent change score model to assess the potential of the different indicators to predict cheating. In summary, test data and para data performed best, while traditional self-report-based indicators were not predictive. We discuss the findings with respect to unproctored testing in general and provide practical advice on cheating detection in online ability assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have examined significant factors associated with school delinquency among adolescents, including relationship violence, property damage, and other serious threats to students' safety. However, students' coping behaviors after being victims of or witnesses to violence and other forms of delinquency have not been thoroughly examined. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by identifying significant factors at the individual, family, and school levels that affect 226 Caribbean students' actual reporting of school delinquency to school personnel. The data for this study were obtained from the Caribbean Youth Violence Survey, which studied middle and high school students in five Caribbean countries. The findings of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that female students were more likely than male students to report delinquent behaviors. Family cohesion and family disorganization significantly decreased students' reporting behaviors after they experienced or witnessed school delinquency. On the other hand, school bonding significantly increased students' reporting behaviors. This paper concludes with practical implications and future research agendas for developing a comprehensive mechanism to address the dynamics of multidimensional factors that influence students' active coping behaviors for dealing with school delinquency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the choice of affiliation or no affiliation to a large hotel chain from the viewpoint of luxury hotel property owners in Germany. Grounded in transaction cost theory, this study identifies how uncertainty and frequency influence the owners' choice of unaffiliated operation and affiliation. The study augments the traditional governance literature in the field of the hotel by shedding light on the market/hierarchy decision of property owners rather than on the market entry strategies of international hotels firm. Through a multiple regression analysis on a sample of 122 existing five-star hotels in Germany, this study provides new empirical evidence that a frequent contract conclusion with the same hotel chain and a "hotel unrelated" background of the owner increases the likelihood of affiliation. In contrast to what transaction cost theory traditionally predicts, our results reveal that uncertainty is not influencing the owners' market/hierarchy decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify potential predictors for invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzes data of 516 patients with confirmed COVID-19, who were categorized into three groups based on which mechanical ventilation method was used during the hospitalization period. Results: Among 516 confirmed cases with COVID-19, 446 patients did not receive mechanical ventilation, 38 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and 32 received non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV). The median age of the included patients was 61 years old (interquartile range, 52–69). A total of 432 patients had one or more coexisting illnesses. The main clinical symptoms included fever (79.46%), dry cough (66.47%) and shortness of breath (46.90%). IMV and NIMV patients included more men, more coexisting illnesses and received more medication. Patients in the IMV group and NIMV had higher leukocyte and neutrophil count, lower lymphocyte count, higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and D-dimer levels and lower albumin (ALB) level. The univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and LDH had a predictive role as indicators for IMV, and the use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and PCT had a predictive role as indicators for NIMV. The area under the curve (AUC) of use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and LDH was 0.885 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.838–0.933, p < 0.0001), which provided the specificity and sensitivity 77.7% and 90.9%, respectively. AUC of the use of glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil count and PCT for NIMV was 0.888 (95% CI 0.825–0.952, p < 0.0001), which provided the specificity and sensitivity 70.3% and 96.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil and LDH were predictive indicators for IMV, whereas glucocorticoid, increased neutrophil and PCT were predictive indicators for NIMV. In addition, the above-mentioned mediators had the most predictive meaning for mechanical ventilation when combined. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many school nurses experienced increased work burden and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis examined data from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cross-sectional, nationwide survey of school nurses in March 2022 to examine associations between school nurses' ability to conduct their core responsibilities and selected nurse and school factors among school nurses during the 2021–2022 school year and COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived adequate staffing and financial compensation reduced the odds of reported difficulties across all core school nursing tasks. Nurses without a registered nurse license and with higher caseloads were more likely to report difficulty in implementing specific tasks. The impact of these factors varied, with inadequate financial compensation having the largest association with school nurses' difficulty implementing all the core responsibilities. The study results improve our understanding of school nurses' challenges in implementing core school nursing responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2021–2022 school year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converging lines of evidence suggest that a feeling of being cared for and cared about is a key element of the feeling of mattering to other people. In the current article, we summarized theoretical observations and the findings of research investigations that indicate that the feeling of being cared about is central to the mattering construct. We then evaluated the role of feeling cared for in an extended six-item General Mattering Scale (GMS-6). A sample of 276 university students completed the GMS-6 and self-report measures of depression and loneliness. Psychometric tests established that a six-item version has one factor and enhanced internal consistency. Correlational analyses confirmed that mattering is associated negatively with depression and loneliness. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the additional focus on feeling cared about predicts unique variance in depression and loneliness beyond the considerable amount of variance predicted by the original GMS. The lack of feeling cared as measured by the GMS-6 was established as especially relevant to loneliness. Our discussion focuses on key directions for future research and for the need for a greater emphasis on caring as part of mattering from a construct validity perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the complex nature of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) by juxtaposing the mental and sexual health of women who had undergone FGM/C as part of initiation/membership into a traditional women's society (TWS) with those who were also cut but not initiated into a TWS. While considerable differences emerged between TWS members and nonmembers, there was no evidence that TWS membership was protective against the physical and psychological trauma typically ascribed to FGM/C. In fact, the pattern of results would tend to suggest the opposite. Possible explanations for and implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment. Objective: To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL). Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses. Results: The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = −0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness (p = 0.017; rho = −0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect (p = 0.002, adj R 2 = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found. Conclusion: Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS. Plain language summary: Understanding the impact of visual hallucinations in Charles Bonnet syndrome Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition where people with vision problems experience vivid and complex visual hallucinations. In this study, we wanted to see how feeling upset or lonely might affect how people with CBS view their symptoms. We asked 126 adults, most of whom were over 65 years old, about their hallucinations and how they felt about them. We also asked about feelings of loneliness and general emotional well-being. We found that the more negative emotions people felt, the more they tended to see their CBS symptoms in a negative light and feel lonelier. This suggests that understanding and addressing negative emotions is crucial when helping people with CBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A majority of Japanese care managers lack medical qualifications, feel uncomfortable discussing future medical choices and believe that it is not their responsibility. Objectives: As there is a paucity of care manager intervention studies, this study aimed to measure changes in advance care planning engagement among long-term care service users before and after intervention by care managers with communication training. Design: A multi-institutional pre- and post-pilot comparative study Methods: A multi-institutional pre- and post-trial study was performed from August 2022 to January 2023 (trial ID: 000048573). Nine trained care managers communicated with 30 long-term care service users regarding advance care planning, and the pre- and post-trial advance care planning engagement scores were compared. Additionally, the post-trial impact of events score was investigated. Results: All 30 long-term care service users completed the trial. The advance care planning engagement score increased after the trial. The sample size was considered adequate for future trials. Years of experience as a care manager, impact of events score, and having a clinical frailty scale of ⩾5 were significant explanatory variables that affected the objective variable of the difference between pre- and post-trial advance care planning engagement score. Conclusion: This study on the impact of advance care planning communication interventions by trained care managers offers insights into determining appropriate sample sizes and identifying factors influencing future research outcomes. Advance care planning engagement of long-term care service users might change before and after intervention by care managers through advance care planning communication. Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information (UMIN) Network Trial ID: 000048573. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health Information Seeking Behavior (HISB) refers to the behavior and strategies used to attain, clarify, or confirm health information. The uptake of health information depends on system-level and individual-level factors. The purpose of the present study is to understand the sources from which Punjabi elders obtain COVID-19 vaccine-related information and their information seeking behavior. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 391 Punjabi elders aged 50+ years in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Ontario. The survey questions included the need for COVID-19 vaccine information, the type of information sought, sources of information, and barriers to seeking information. Descriptive analysis was conducted using frequencies and percentages, and logistic regression was performed to understand the associations between participants' sociodemographic characteristics and HISB. The results suggested that Punjabi elders are more likely to use informal sources and less likely to seek information from health professionals and government health and wellness websites. The results also suggested that most participants do not cross-check their information with other sources and are more likely to cross-check the information with family/friends, compared to credible care providers, across all demographics. Ultimately, there may be a need for stakeholders to collaborate to regulate the accuracy and type of health-information that is disseminated through media, and to tailor health communication to the health information seeking behavior of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mental health (MH) conditions are among the most common chronic health conditions in the United States. Previous studies suggested decreased in life satisfaction post-COVID-19 in other populations outside the United States. This study explored the correlations between life satisfaction and MH among diverse community post-COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional, non-experimental, retrospective study. The primary outcome was the Satisfaction with Life Scale total score (SWLS_TS) and the characteristics of the cases from self-reported information. Statistical software SPSS was used for descriptive and inferential analyses. Results: About 218 cases were included for analysis. Many of the cases were Asian Americans (n = 185, 84.1%). The multiple linear regression model significantly predicted 5.2% of the variance in SWLS_TS. Three out of 6 predictors significantly contributed to the model (age β =.172, t = 2.42, P =.017, ethnicity β =.148, t = 2.07, P =.039, and no history of MH β =.248, t = 3.31, P =.001). Conclusion: A diverse population was examined post-COVID-19 pandemic, and the findings suggest a positive correlation with age, ethnicity, and no history of MH with SWLS_TS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inadequate water supply, poor sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools, insufficient puberty education and a lack of hygienic menstrual hygiene management (MHM) items (absorbents) cause girls in developing countries like Ethiopia to view menstruation as shameful and uncomfortable. However, there was little evidence of female MHM practice and associated factors among secondary school girls in eastern Ethiopia. Objective: To assess MHM practice and associated factors among secondary school girls in eastern Ethiopia. Design: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Methods: A total of 473 secondary schoolgirls were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire, double-entered to Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was computed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviations. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to assess the association of the school water, sanitation and hygiene facilities with MHM. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval was computed to show the strength of the association between dependent and independent variables. The goodness of fit of the model was tested by the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Results: Out of 473 study participants, 72.93% of them (95% CI: 68.74–76.76) reported good MHM practices. The study also found that availability of continuous water supply (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI: (1.42–4.01)); types of toilet (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: (1.20–3.40)), confined space (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: (1.49–4.76)) and having females' toilets alone inside in the school (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI: (1.20–4.40)) were significantly associated with female students' good MHM practice. Conclusion: The survey revealed that some of the secondary schoolgirls practiced poor menstrual hygiene management (MHM), which needs further improvement. The study also found that the availability of continuous water supply in the school, types of toilet facility in the school, availability of private space to manage periods at school, learning about MHM in schools and availability of female toilets kept locked inside were factors significantly associated with MHM practice of students, which require integration of Zonal Health and education bureau to jointly work towards the improvement of school WASH facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the emotional states preceding and during sexual and violent offenses in a Dutch sample of male forensic inpatients. Moreover, the predictive impact of these emotional states on institutional violence in the first year of mandated care was examined using an incident scheme. Observer-ratings of emotional states by 103 male offenders and 97 sex offenders were examined using Mann-Whitney U tests. Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, the predictive relationship between crime-related emotional states and incidents was examined. Sexual and violent crimes were equally preceded by painful emotions, primarily feelings of abandonment. During violent crimes, a state of bully and attack was dominant whereas sexual crimes were also characterized by self-aggrandizement and manipulation. These emotional states were not predictive for institutional violence. This study emphasizes the importance of emotional states in offending behavior and usefulness of schema therapy's crime theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of social support and religiosity/spirituality (R/S) on the recovery from an acute cardiac event or cardiac surgery during cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: In this prospective study, a convenience sample of 159 patients participating in a CR program were enrolled. Religiosity/spirituality, social support, anxiety, depression, health related quality of life (QoL), and exercise capacity (6-min walk test, cycle ergometer test) were assessed. Results: Social support was significantly associated with less anxiety (p <.01), less depression (p <.01), and better QoL (p <.05) on admission. After adjustment for age, gender, education level, and morbidity, social support remained significantly associated with less depression (p <.001). Religiosity/spirituality was significantly associated with less depression (p <.05), better QoL (p <.05), and better exercise capacity (p <.05) at admission. After adjustment for covariates, however, significance was lost. There were no significant impact of either social support or R/S on the course of CR measured by change in QoL or exercise capacity. Conclusion: Social support may be a protective factor against depression in the recovery from cardiac events or surgery. Neither social support nor R/S had a significant impact on the course of the 3-week CR program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alcohol consumption has an impact on the frailty, but current research in China lacks a detailed classification of alcohol use. This study aimed to explore the relationship between different drinking patterns and frailty in older adults. Methodology: The data came from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) study, which included older adults (aged ≧ 60). Their demographic data, drinking status, and frailty index were collected in CLHLS. Through logistic regression models to analyze the correlation between alcohol consumption and frailty. Results: A total of 14,931 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of frailty was 29.1%, 35.2%, and 14.9% among risk-free, past risky, and now risky drinkers, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, past risky drinking was a risk factor for frailty (p =.003). Discussion: High-risk alcohol consumption is positively correlated with frailty. Prevention and reduction of risky drinking in older adults may help protect them from developing frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Acute pediatric mastoiditis is a bacterial infection of the mastoid bone most commonly associated with acute otitis media. Complicated mastoiditis is traditionally characterized by intracranial complications or subperiosteal abscess, but definitions are inconsistent in the literature. Surgical intervention is identified as the main treatment for complicated mastoiditis, but there is some evidence to support medical management of uncomplicated mastoiditis. This study sought to clarify the diagnostic criteria and management of uncomplicated acute mastoiditis. Methods: All cases of acute pediatric mastoiditis were identified from a single institution over a 16-year period and reviewed for demographic and clinical data. Two different definitions of uncomplicated mastoiditis were compared; the traditional one that excluded patients with intracranial complications or subperiosteal abscess (SPA) and the proposed definition that also excluded patients with any evidence of bony erosion including coalescence, not just SPA. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted. Results: Eighty cases were identified. Using the traditional definition of uncomplicated mastoiditis, 46.3% of cases were uncomplicated, compared to 36.2% when using the proposed definition. Truly uncomplicated patients, categorized with the proposed definition, were treated more consistently: no patients underwent mastoidectomy and they were less likely to receive a long term course of antibiotics. On multivariate regression analysis, only categorization with the proposed definition of uncomplicated mastoiditis was independently associated with less long-term antibiotic therapy and non-surgical management. Conclusion: Uncomplicated acute mastoiditis should be defined using clinical criteria and exclude any cases with evidence of bony erosion, including coalescence or subperiosteal abscess. These truly uncomplicated patients often do not require mastoidectomy and can be prescribed a shorter course of antibiotics. Further research into treatment pathways is necessary to optimize the management of uncomplicated acute pediatric mastoiditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that inhibition interacts with visual temporal processing (VTP), the past evidence regarding the influence of VTP on the Chinese character reading of children with dyslexia may not disclose the whole picture without considering inhibition. Thus, the present study is among the first to investigate VTP and cognitive inhibition as well as their relationships to Chinese character reading. We compared the performances of 62 Chinese-speaking children with dyslexia in primary school (n = 62, M age = 11.36 years) on VTP and inhibition tasks to those in a chronological-age-matched group (CA; n = 62, M age = 11.57 years) and reading-level-matched group (RL; n = 62, M age = 8.98 years). The results revealed that children with dyslexia performed worse than both the CA-matched and RL-matched groups in VTP and inhibition after controlling for age, nonverbal intelligence, and attention. Moreover, the relationship between VTP and Chinese character reading was moderated by inhibition in children with dyslexia. VTP is positively related to Chinese character reading, but this relationship is observed only at higher levels of inhibition. Our results suggest that inhibition plays a potential role in VTP and Chinese character reading, especially for those with dyslexia whose proficiency in inhibition is not as intact as that of typically developing children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to determine the predictors of positive and negative parenting practices among mothers of two-to-three-year-old children in Tirana, Albania. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a representative sample of 328 mothers of two-to-three-year-old children recruited through eight randomly selected public nurseries in Tirana. Results from bivariate regressions showed significant associations between the key relevant maternal characteristics and maternal parenting practices, in line with previous studies conducted in Western societies. Results from multiple regressions showed that maternal attitudes towards child maltreatment were a dominant significant predictor of negative parenting practices (punitive parenting, inconsistent parenting, and child maltreatment) and that maternal sense of parental competence was a dominant significant predictor of positive parenting practices. The findings suggest a strong, consistent link between maternal belief systems and parenting practices among mothers of toddlers in Tirana and call for the implementation of parent training programmes that address attitudes towards child maltreatment and sense of parental competence in the Albanian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the prognostic factors in patients with advanced olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) underwent endoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: Retrospective medical records were reviewed of patients with pathologically proven ONB who underwent endoscopic surgical resection. Clinicopathological characteristics including patient demographics, treatment, complications, follow-up, and outcomes were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves were plotted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to determine prognostic factors. Results: Eighty-five patients with Kadish stage C ONB were examined. According to the various staging systems used, most patients harbored modified Kadish stage C (78.8%). Twenty-six patients (30.6%) underwent bony skull base resection, 11 (12.9%) underwent dura resection, and 24 (28.2%) underwent additional intracranial resection that included the olfactory bulb and duct. Median follow-up was 39 months. Five-year OS and DFS rates were 83.7% and 74.9%, respectively. Five-year OS was 100% in patients treated with bony skull base resection and 77.5% in those who were not (P =.052). Dura resection did not improve OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified perioperative complications (P =.009), gross total resection (P =.004), orbital invasion (P =.014), postoperative radiotherapy (P =.030), and bony skull base resection (P =.019) as independent prognostic predictors. Conclusion: For patients with advanced ONB, endoscopic surgery in conjunction with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is effective and safe. Dura resection should be performed with caution in selected patients to balance survival and complications. Postoperative radiotherapy is important to improve OS and DFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a crucial factor in managing stress and maintaining overall well-being. Emotions are essential for clinical care quality, as they drive clinical decision making. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical decision making among fourth-year nursing students. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study done on a convenience sample of 225 fourth-year nursing students. Data collection was performed by the "Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test" (SSEIT) and the "clinical decision making scale". Results: The analysis revealed that the emotional intelligence mean was 151.3 ± 1.9 (ranging from 33 to 165), which is high. The analysis indicated that the clinical decision making of the participants was high (177.1.3 ± 9.8) (ranging from 40 to 200). Also, the analysis showed that there was a strong positive relationship between nursing students' emotional intelligence and clinical decision making (r =.70, p = 0.001). Furthermore, the findings revealed that emotional intelligence was a predictor of clinical decision making. Conclusion: The emotional intelligence and clinical decision making among fourth-year nursing students were high. Also, clinical decision making was found to have strong positive relationship with emotional intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionally affects women. Using the vulnerability-adaptation stress model, we examined adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self-esteem, and hope as vulnerability indicators and relationship status and length, positive and negative affect, and socioeconomic status (SES) as stressors to ascertain the risk for IPV. Women (N = 491, M = 37.15, standard deviation = 12.51) completed an online survey comprised of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, Snyder's Hope Scale, ACE questionnaire, Composite Abuse Scale Revised–Short Form, and demographic questions. Factor analysis identified four ACE factors of sexual abuse, physical or psychological abuse, witnessing domestic violence, and household dysfunction. A five-step hierarchical multiple regression identified that greater exposure to physical or psychological child abuse was associated with an increased risk of IPV (Step 2), B = 0.73 [0.16, 1.34]. Lower self-esteem, B = −0.30 [−0.47, −0.14] predicted IPV (Step 3). Age B = 0.07 [0.01, 0.13], negative affect, B = 0.39 [0.19, 0.59], and relationship length, B = −1.24 [−2.16, 0.41] were associated with a higher risk of IPV (Step 4). In Step 5, previous variables attenuated to non-significance while age, B = 0.07 [0.01, 0.13], negative affect, B = 0.39 [0.19, 0.59], and relationship length B = −1.25 [−2.16, 0.41] remained significant. While the key findings of this study were inconsistent with some commonly reported findings (e.g., ACEs, self-esteem, hope, relationship status, SES, age), these inconsistencies are important to highlight given the factorial approach to examining ACEs, the comprehensive analyses conducted, and our examination of these variables' direct relationship to IPV. The study was limited by its cross-sectional nature, higher prevalence of IPV victims, and not examining IPV sub-types. Similar studies need to be conducted for other relationship types and victimized individuals (e.g., same-sex relationships and male victims) to provide a complete picture of risk factors for IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the effects of perceived parenting styles, causal attributions for academic success/failure, and perceived school performance (PSP) on adolescents' psychological well-being (PWB). Participants were 200 Brazilian adolescents who answered the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Rating Scale of Causal Attributions for Academic Success/Failure (RSCA). The results showed that adolescents' PWB was predicted by authoritative parenting style (APS), internal and controllable attributions (appropriate motivations to cope with academic success/failure; ICASF), and PSP. In addition, we tested a mediation model showing that the ICASF mediated the relationship between APS and PSP, which in turn led to better PWB. These results highlighted the relevance of parenting styles and school-based causal attributions for the understanding of adolescents' mental health. Our findings can support interventions that enable more effective teaching–learning processes, which are associated with higher levels of mental health for the adolescent population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the impact of the inclusion of quadratic terms n the probability of type II error in testing for interaction in the presence f multicollinearity. The analysis focuses on two situations: (a) when the true model includes only linear and interaction terms: and (b) when the true model includes linear, interaction and quadratic terms. The implications of this analysis on the estimation of interaction in multiple regression are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of migrant workers in Indonesia has been increasing over the years. Most of the migrant workers are females with children, creating a huge number of left-behind children (LBC). The issue of LBC has become important to discuss because LBC tends to experience more emotional and behavioral problems than non-LBC. The aim of this study was to assess and compare emotional and behavioral problems between LBC and non-LBC in Indonesia. This paper analyzes data from a project by the Community Mental Health Research Group from the Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, held in 2015 − 2016. Materials and Methods: Participants were 629 adolescents: 359 LBC and 270 non-LBC. The data were acquired in a cross-sectional study conducted in rural Indonesia. Data on emotional and behavioral problems were assessed with Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, while data related to risk factor variables were collected using multidimensional scale of perceived social support, the 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in LBC was 28.4% compared to 21% among non-LBC. Peer attachment, communication, social support, and loneliness were identified as factors that impact the emotional and behavioral problems among LBC. Conclusions: LBC has more emotional and behavioral problems than non-LBC. Comprehensive understanding of various protective and risk factors is needed to provide impactful interventions for LBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Joint physical custody, children spending equal time in each parents' respective home after a parental divorce, is particularly common in Nordic compared with other Western countries. Older children have been shown to fare well in this practice but for young children there are few existing studies. The aim of this paper is to study psychological problems in 2- to 9-year-old Nordic children in different family forms. Methods: Total symptom score according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as well as scores showing externalizing problems were compared among 152 children in joint physical custody, 303 in single care and 3207 in nuclear families through multiple linear regression analyses. Results: Children in single care had more psychological symptoms than those in joint physical custody (B = 1.08; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.67) and those in nuclear families had the least reported symptoms (B = −0.53; 95% CI −0.89 to −0.17). Externalizing problems were also lower in nuclear families (B = −0.28, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.04) compared with joint physical custody after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Young children with non-cohabiting parents suffered from more psychological problems than those in intact families. Children in joint physical custody had a lower total problem score than those in single care after adjusting for covariates. Longitudinal studies with information on family factors before the separation are needed to inform policy of young children's post-separation living arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-of-life (EOL) conversations with relatives or significant others are often avoided. One reason can be negative expectations regarding these conversations. The present study was conducted to develop and initially validate the End-of-Life Conversations – Expectations Scale (EOLC-E). An exploratory factor analysis (N = 307) resulted in a 20-item version with three distinct dimensions: expected own emotional burden (α =.92), expected other person's emotional burden (α =.94) and communication self-efficacy (α =.89). The EOLC-E total score correlated significantly with communication apprehension about death (r =.62), fear of death (r =.58), death avoidance (r =.52) as well as readiness for end-of-life conversations (r = −.38) and occurrence of previous conversations (r = −.29). Results suggest that the EOLC-E is a reliable and valid instrument to assess death and dying communication expectations. This measure has utility in communication research focusing on optimizing expectations and increasing EOL communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meta-analysis methodology has evolved with the development of more robust statistical techniques; however, few reviews in special education have focused specifically on methodological rigor in meta-analyses. In this study, we examined 29 meta-analyses of mathematics interventions published from 2000 to 2022 to determine the extent to which researchers have applied four best practices in meta-analyses focused on mathematics interventions for students with disabilities. Our findings were (a) studies used three primary moderator techniques: meta-regression (k = 10), subgroup analysis (k = 8), analysis of variance (k = 3), and both subgroup analysis and meta-regression (k = 1); (b) only one study considered small sample corrections for hypothesis tests; (c) few researchers handled the dependence between multiple effect sizes (k = 3); and (d) the funnel plot was commonly used to detect publication bias (k = 8). Based on our findings, we make recommendations for methodological considerations for future meta-analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite having adverse physical and mental health outcomes, harsh disciplinary methods are commonly practiced all over the world. This study aims to measure the harsh disciplinary actions taken by parents and their association with child functioning in children, aged 7 to 14 years in Punjab, Pakistan. This study is based on secondary data obtained from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF's) Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, conducted in the Punjab province from 2017 to 2018. Parents/caregivers of 19,721 children were included in the analysis. Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted, and the data collection form included sociodemographic information, questions on different "Methods of Child Discipline" and the "Child functioning module." The data was analyzed using STATA 15.0. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI exploring the association between harsh disciplinary methods and child functioning. More than 50% of children were exposed to severe physical, psychological, and emotional disciplinary methods. Exposure to severe physical aggression was associated with increased difficulty in learning (2.60 [1.27, 5.31]), remembering (2.83 [1.47, 5.44]), controlling behavior (1.63 [1.21, 2.18]), anxiety (1.98 [1.25, 3.13]), depression (2.57 [1.57, 4.22]) and making friends (1.94 [1.01, 3.79]). Whereas moderate physical aggression and psychological aggression were associated with (1.48 [1.19, 1.84]) and 1.5 times (1.20, 1.84) increase in difficulty in controlling behavior, respectively. Nonviolent actions were associated with protective odds for self-care (0.33 [0.17, 0.65]), communication (0.51 [0.27, 0.96]), learning (0.56 [0.33, 0.95]), remembering (0.62 [0.39, 0.90]), concentration (0.50 [0.31, 0.80]), anxiety (0.60 [0.46, 0.79]) and depression (0.67 [0.49, 0.92]). Severe disciplinary methods are detrimental to the child's personal care, mental, social, emotional, and psychological well-being, whereas nonviolent actions are associated with positive child functioning. In a third-world country such as Pakistan, this topic is widely undiscovered and understudied, thus emphasizing the need for awareness and education of parents and healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatitis B infection has been associated with the development of gestational diabetes but the underlying mechanism is not known. Objective: To examine associations between viral activity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and insulin resistance in pregnant people with chronic hepatitis B infection (HBV). Design: Prospective cohort study across three tertiary maternity centres in Melbourne, Australia, between May 2021 and April 2023. Methods: Participants were followed prospectively through pregnancy to evaluate subsequent GDM diagnosis. Demographics, pregnancy outcomes, and markers of viral activity were compared between those with GDM versus those without. Logistic regression analysis was performed pre- and post-adjustment for known confounders. Sub-group analysis of participants from South East Asia (SEA) was performed. Outcome measures included GDM diagnosis, insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance score (HOMA-IR) score), HBV activity as measured by liver function tests, HBV viral load, hepatitis B e antigen, and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (quantHBsAg). Results: A total of 113 women were recruited. One third (38/112, 33.9%) developed GDM, mostly diagnosed on isolated postprandial hyperglycaemia (25/38, 65.8%). Over half were born in SEA (66/113, 58.4%). Mean quantHBsAg was significantly lower in those with GDM (p = 0.044). No other associations were identified between GDM or HOMA-IR and markers of hepatic activity on multivariate logistic regression analysis and on sub-group analysis of those born in SEA. Conclusions: QuantHBsAg was significantly lower in those with GDM; otherwise, no association between GDM and measures of HBV viral activity was found. QuantHBsAg may be useful as an early pregnancy marker for GDM risk and warrants further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research was carried out to identify dispositional predictors of work/family conflict and enrichment faced by working women. Purposive sampling strategy was used to collect a sample of 265 working women, out of which 129 were married and 136 were unmarried, aged between 22 to 54 years (M = 29.31, SD = 6.39). Data was collected via Big Five Inventory (BFI), Work/Family Conflict Self-Efficacy Scale, Work/Family conflict Scale and Work/Family Enrichment scale. Data was analyzed using correlation, MANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that married women with children experienced higher levels of work/family conflict than unmarried working women and married women having one or no children. Moreover, women living in nuclear family system had higher levels of work to family conflict and women living in joint family system had higher levels of family to work conflict. Regression analysis showed conscientiousness, neuroticism and work/family conflict self-efficacy as salient predictors of work/family conflict and extraversion, agreeableness and work/family conflict self-efficacy to be significant predictors of work/family enrichment. These results have important implications for individuals as well as organizations as they demonstrate that dispositional factors do play a major role in determining the levels of work/family conflict and enrichment and will help in identifying women who are more or less prone to experiencing the negative side of work/family interface so that additional support may be provided to them in terms of family friendly workplace policy, social support, and employee counseling, etc. Plain language summary: The current research was carried out to explore the how the two most important domains of a women's life, that is, work and family interact and influence each other and to identify individuals who might be more prone to experiencing the negative impact of work/family interface. A sample of 265 working women from diverse professions was selected and information was collected via questionnaires such as big five personality inventory, work/family enrichment scale, work/family self conflict scale and work/family conflict self-efficacy scale. Results show that there is higher incidence of work/family conflict among working women as compared to work/family enrichment. Moreover, having more children and living in extended family system make one more susceptible toward experiencing the negative side of the work/family interface. Additionally, results show that personality can play a role in increasing or decreasing the levels of work/family conflict and/or enrichment. These results have important implications for individuals as well as organizations as they demonstrate that dispositional factors do play a major role in determining the levels of work/family conflict and enrichment and will help in identifying women who are more or less prone to experiencing the negative side of work/family interface so that additional support may be provided to them in terms of family friendly workplace policy, enhancing self-efficacy, providing social support, and employee counseling, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to adults, there is considerably less research on childhood or adolescent exposure to sexual harassment (CAESH), its lasting psychological correlates, and whether such experiences should be included in definitions of childhood sexual abuse. The current study examined the prevalence and symptomatic sequels of unwanted flirting, being "checked out" sexually, unwanted sexual attention, sexual comments, propositions, and related noncontact behaviors that occurred before age 18, as well as the multivariate relationship between CAESH and contact child sexual abuse (C-CSA) in a diverse online sample of 528 individuals. CAESH was very common, with over 95% of women and 64% of men reporting at least one experience of noncontact sexual harassment before age 18. When childhood sexual abuse was operationalized as the presence of either C-CSA or a total CAESH score of 18 or higher (corresponding to an average score of "3–5 times" prior to age 18), the prevalence was 67% for women and 26% for men, more than three times higher than C-CSA alone. This expanded definition was associated with significantly more anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress relative to C-CSA alone. These results suggest that CAESH is a significant source of symptoms in adults and support the emerging perspective that childhood sexual abuse may be best understood as including both contact and noncontact events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies indicated that people tend to consider female-perpetrated sexual abuse (FPSA) less serious and damaging than male-perpetrated abuse (MPSA) and the possible roles of gender stereotypes on attitudes to minimize FPSA. This study aimed to explore the role of gender stereotypes and sexuality myths on the attitudes toward FPSA among professionals. A secondary aim was to explore the role of training and experience with child sexual abuse (CSA) cases on the attitudes toward FPSA. The sample consisted of Turkish professionals (N = 502), including mental health/social, health, and justice workers. The participants were recruited via a face-to-face online survey. The results of one-way ANOVAs showed that females and mental health/social workers were more likely to consider FPSA as a serious problem and believe the negative impact of abuse. A five-step hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the experience with FPSA cases, belief in gender stereotypes, and myths about female sexuality accounted for 21.7% of the variance in the attitudes toward FPSA. Although the level of professional minimization of FPSA is above average, the influential roles of gender stereotypes and sexual myths on the attitudes toward FPSA exist among professionals. Our findings supported the necessity of additional training addressing gender stereotypes and sexual myths. Future studies should also be conducted with different populations and other influential possible factors on the attitudes toward FPSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]