Emotional well-being in Charles Bonnet syndrome: exploring associations with negative affect, loneliness and quality of life.

Background: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by the occurrence of vivid and complex visual hallucinations in individuals with visual impairment. Objective: To explore the relationship between emotional distress and the perceived impact of CBS symptoms on participants' lives. We tested the hypothesis that heightened negative affect was associated with a more negative appraisal of CBS symptoms, increased self-reported loneliness, and poorer quality of life (QOL). Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Participants recruited predominantly via vision-related charities rated their hallucinations and their impact on a Likert scale. Loneliness and negative affect were assessed with the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Health index (EQ-5D-3L) and vision-related QOL (VF-9) were also assessed. Correlation analysis and multi-variable regression determined the relation between survey responses. Results: The majority of 126 respondents (81%) were aged 65+ years and 84% reported active CBS symptoms. Fifty-five percent of respondents rated impact of CBS as negative and no-one rated the impact as 'very pleasant'. A statistically significant correlation was found between impact of CBS and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = −0.34) and impact of CBS and loneliness (p = 0.017; rho = −0.21). The relation between negative affect and CBS impact remained statistically significant when accounting for the impact of loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and CBS effect (p = 0.002, adj R ² = 0.1). A statistically significant correlation between loneliness and negative affect (p ⩽ 0.001; rho = 0.55) was also found. Conclusion: Respondents experiencing negative emotions were more likely to perceive the impact of CBS symptoms as negative and report greater feelings of loneliness. Negative affect is an important consideration when assessing people with CBS. Plain language summary: Understanding the impact of visual hallucinations in Charles Bonnet syndrome Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition where people with vision problems experience vivid and complex visual hallucinations. In this study, we wanted to see how feeling upset or lonely might affect how people with CBS view their symptoms. We asked 126 adults, most of whom were over 65 years old, about their hallucinations and how they felt about them. We also asked about feelings of loneliness and general emotional well-being. We found that the more negative emotions people felt, the more they tended to see their CBS symptoms in a negative light and feel lonelier. This suggests that understanding and addressing negative emotions is crucial when helping people with CBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]