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A study conducted at ATTIKON University Hospital in Athens, Greece, reported on a case of a 34-year-old man with a retropharyngeal schwannoma causing upper-airway obstruction. The patient underwent surgery to remove the tumor, resulting in the development of permanent Horner's syndrome, affecting his vision. The research highlights the importance of discussing potential complications, such as Horner's syndrome, with patients before surgical interventions for retropharyngeal tumors. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06664203, comparing the efficacy of selective truncal blocks at different volumes for anesthesia in upper extremity orthopedic surgeries. The study aims to assess the onset times of motor and sensory blocks required for anesthesia and the total opioid consumption postoperatively. The trial will involve 60 participants and is set to be completed by May 1, 2025. The research focuses on reducing complications and improving pain management in upper extremity surgeries through the use of different volumes of local anesthetics and dexamethasone. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Chandigarh, India, compared the use of intracameral anesthetic mydriatic combination (ICAM) and topical mydriatic drops in pediatric cataract surgery. The research found that ICAM provided adequate and stable mydriasis without the need for additional pharmacotherapy or intervention, although topical drops achieved a larger maximum pupil size. The study involved 63 patients with bilateral cataracts, with ICAM achieving adequate mydriasis in 93.5% of patients and topical drops in 88.8% of patients. The findings were published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology and concluded that ICAM is effective in pediatric cataract surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Nanjing Medical University in Jiangsu, China, has developed a modified iris cerclage technique to improve visual quality in patients with acute primary angle closure (PAC) and permanent mydriasis after cataract surgery. The study involved 12 patients who underwent the modified iris cerclage procedure, and improvements were observed in best corrected visual acuity, pupillary parameters, self-assessed photophobia, and visual function index-14 questionnaire scores. No postoperative complications were observed, and the modified iris cerclage technique resulted in a centered and round pupil. The research concludes that this technique can effectively improve visual quality in patients with acute PAC and permanent mydriasis after cataract surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust discusses the use of intracameral phenylephrine for surgical mydriasis and intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome. Phenylephrine is a sympathomimetic drug that induces mydriasis by contracting the iris dilator muscle. The researchers found little evidence of serious systemic adverse events associated with intracameral phenylephrine use, although they suspect under-reporting. They suggest using lower but effective concentrations of phenylephrine for different purposes, such as initial mydriasis. For the management of intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome, a higher concentration of phenylephrine may be required. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo in Brazil provides recommendations for pediatric cycloplegia and mydriasis for Brazilian ophthalmologists. The recommendations are based on literature reviews, the clinical experience of Brazilian specialists, and the consensus of the Expert Committee of the Brazilian Pediatric Ophthalmology Society. The committee recommends specific formulations and dosages for cycloplegia and mydriasis in different age groups, as well as for retinopathy of prematurity screening. The report emphasizes the importance of cycloplegia for reliable pediatric ophthalmology examinations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences discusses research findings on anisocoria, a condition characterized by unequal pupil size. The report specifically focuses on Adie pupil, a rare neurological disorder that causes unilateral or bilateral mydriasis (dilated pupil), unresponsiveness to light, and accommodation constriction. The condition primarily affects adults between the ages of 25 and 45, with a higher prevalence among women. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, clinical examination, and a dilute pilocarpine test. Treatment is usually unnecessary. The report also covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology, and other conditions associated with anisocoria. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India compared the use of intracameral anaesthetic mydriatic combination (ICAM) and topical mydriatics (TM) in pediatric cataract surgery. The study found that ICAM provided adequate and stable mydriasis without the need for additional pharmacotherapy or intervention, while TM achieved larger maximum pupil size. The research involved 63 patients with bilateral cataracts, and the mean age of the study children was 15.7 months. The findings suggest that ICAM may be a viable option for achieving mydriasis in children undergoing cataract surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Pisa in Italy have conducted a study on anisocoria, a condition characterized by unequal pupil size. The study explored the effects of electromyographic (EMG) asymmetry on eye movements during text reading. The researchers found that occlusal correction, such as wearing a bite splint, reduced EMG asymmetry, improved pupil size symmetry, and enhanced cognitive performance. The study suggests that occlusal disharmony may negatively impact reading patterns and visual information processing. The potential involvement of trigeminal pathways in the relationship between occlusal factors and eye movements is also discussed. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Colombo North Teaching Hospital explores the Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), a rare condition characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. The researchers report a case of a 50-year-old man who presented with dilated and unresponsive pupils, which rapidly progressed to ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. The patient was diagnosed with Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) and successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing atypical features of MFS and highlights the variable clinical spectrum within the syndrome. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for MFS, particularly when faced with unusual neurological presentations, to ensure timely intervention and optimal patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been published online for methods and compositions to treat mydriasis, glaucoma, and other ocular conditions. The invention involves applying a combination of an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist topically to the eye. The aim is to provide better treatments for these conditions, which can cause sensitivity to light, vision loss, and poor visual performance in dim light. The patent application provides various dosage options and concentration ranges for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in an ophthalmic solution. The methods aim to improve visual performance, reduce pupil diameter, and reduce scattered light rays in patients with ocular conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas examined the relationship between anisocoria (unequal pupil size) and outcomes in patients with acute brain injury. The study found that anisocoria after exposure to light was associated with worse outcomes compared to anisocoria at rest. The researchers suggest that anisocoria after light stimulus should be considered as a biomarker for poor outcomes in these patients. Further validation of this finding is needed. The study was supported by NeurOptics Inc. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Ocuphire Pharma Inc. for methods and compositions to treat presbyopia, mydriasis, and other ocular disorders. Presbyopia is an age-related condition that affects the ability to focus on nearby objects, while mydriasis is characterized by dilated pupils. Current treatments for these conditions are not effective for all patients and can have undesirable side effects. The patent describes the use of an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, such as phentolamine, administered topically to the eye to reduce pupil diameter and improve visual performance. The method provides a once-daily administration protocol and rapid onset of treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing, China, discusses the case of a breast cancer patient who developed delayed lung metastasis and Horner syndrome 16 years after surgery. The researchers used a novel imaging technique called 18F-FES PET/CT to diagnose the estrogen-receptor positive pulmonary metastasis. The patient responded partially to endocrine therapy. The article provides insights into the diagnosis and treatment process of this case, offering guidance for non-invasive evaluation of estrogen receptor status in metastatic breast cancer patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital compared the effectiveness of Nepafenac and Flurbiprofen eye drops in maintaining intraoperative mydriasis during phacoemulsification surgery. The study involved 100 patients who were randomly assigned to receive either Nepafenac or Flurbiprofen eye drops. The results showed that both drugs were equally effective in maintaining mydriasis, but Nepafenac was slightly better than Flurbiprofen. This research is significant because cataracts are a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, and phacoemulsification is the preferred surgical technique for treating cataracts. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Beaujon Hospital compared the use of mannitol and hypertonic saline solution (HSS) for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with mydriasis (dilated pupils). The study found that HSS was associated with lower ICU mortality compared to mannitol. The research used a retrospective observational cohort study and performed propensity score matching to ensure comparability between the two groups. The findings suggest that HSS may be a more effective treatment for TBI patients with mydriasis. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi has explored a novel technique for placing implantable collamer lens (ICL) footplates in the sulcus in eyes with intraoperative miosis. The technique involves using perioptic holes and two instruments simultaneously (Sinskey hook and ICL manipulator) to engage the perioptic holes and tuck the footplates under the iris. The study found that this bimanual approach was safe and effective in cases of insufficient mydriasis or intraoperative pupillary miosis, although it may not be suitable for very small pupils. The research was published in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria compared the effectiveness of different mydriatic agents in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) in a black population. The study found that using an intracameral solution of lidocaine and adrenaline provided adequate mydriasis for the successful completion of MSICS without the need for pre-operative dilation. The study measured pupil sizes before and during surgery and found that the intracameral group had significantly larger pupil sizes at each point of measurement. Post-operative visual acuity was similar between the two groups. This research provides valuable insights into improving cataract surgery techniques in black populations. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Plastic Surgery Hospital have conducted a study on Horner syndrome, a condition affecting the autonomic nervous system. The study aimed to investigate a new method for implementing stellate ganglion block (SGB) in mice. The researchers successfully administered SGB in mice using a specific technique and observed the development of Horner's syndrome and changes in heart rate. The study concluded that this method allows for the successful implementation of SGB in a mouse model. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application for epinephrine formulations has been made available online. Epinephrine is a medication that acts on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and is used for various purposes such as emergency treatment of allergic reactions, induction and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery, and treatment of bronchospasm. The patent application aims to provide an improved epinephrine-containing pharmaceutical composition that addresses the limitations of current formulations. The composition can be administered through various routes and may include active agents, pH regulators, antioxidants, and preservatives. The invention also provides methods of making and using the compositions. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, China, aimed to evaluate the effect of mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) on macular and peripapillary metrics using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in healthy subjects. The study included 35 healthy subjects, and macular and peripapillary metrics were measured before and after mydriasis. The results showed that mydriasis did not significantly affect foveal avascular zone parameters and retinal vessel density in most sectors of both the macular and peripapillary areas. However, choroidal thickness was decreased after mydriasis, while the thickness of retinal layers in some sectors may be increased. This research provides valuable insights into the effects of mydriasis on ocular metrics. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine has found that anisocoria, a condition characterized by unequal pupil size, can be caused by the use of a medication called Qbrexza, which is used to treat hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). The researchers emphasize the importance of non-ophthalmologist physicians being aware of this potential cause of anisocoria in order to reduce unnecessary testing and costs. They also suggest that physician education on the safe usage of Qbrexza can be provided. This information is particularly relevant for primary care physicians who may encounter patients with anisocoria. [Extracted from the article]

A case report from Universitas Sriwijaya discusses the successful use of endovascular carotid angioplasty stent procedure in a 14-year-old boy with a neck stab wound. The patient developed recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and Horner's syndrome following a traumatic common carotid artery dissection. The patient was initially treated with oral anticoagulant therapy but continued to experience recurrent TIAs. The patient was then treated with a carotid angioplasty stent, which resulted in clinical improvement and the absence of further TIAs. The research highlights the effectiveness and safety of endovascular carotid angioplasty stents in treating pseudoaneurysm or dissection of the carotid artery, particularly in cases with recurrent TIAs and Horner syndrome. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Nihon University School of Medicine in Tokyo, Japan, explored the treatment of severe serotonin syndrome caused by dextromethorphan (DXM) poisoning. The study found that intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) treatment was effective in curing serotonin syndrome and preventing convulsions. The researchers recommend administering activated charcoal before ILE treatment in cases of oral DXM overdose. This research provides valuable insights into the treatment options for severe central nervous system disorders caused by DXM poisoning. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Tubingen in Germany explored the effects of miosis on visual acuity in individuals with presbyopia, an age-related condition that affects the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects. The study found that the application of pilocarpine eye drops, which is an FDA-approved treatment for presbyopia, did not negatively impact visual acuity in individuals with presbyopia. This suggests that pilocarpine may be a viable alternative for those who are averse to wearing corrective eyewear. The study also highlighted the importance of contrast and ambient luminance in visual acuity. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Epinephrine Formulations" has been published online. The inventors aim to provide an improved epinephrine-containing pharmaceutical composition that addresses the limitations of current formulations. Epinephrine is used for emergency treatment of allergic reactions, induction and maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery, treatment of bronchospasm, and other medical conditions. The composition may be administered through various routes and contains specific agents to regulate pH, tonicity, and impurities. The patent application provides detailed claims for the composition and methods of making and using it. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Chongqing University in China discusses Horner syndrome (HS), a rare complication of thyroid surgery. The report focuses on a case study of a 24-year-old female who developed HS immediately after endoscopic thyroidectomy for thyroid papillary carcinoma. The researchers analyzed the relationship between deep dissection of the upper thyroid pole and the occurrence of HS, providing insights for clinicians to avoid this complication. The study highlights the need for further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Limpopo examined the effects of 1% tropicamide on central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in optometry students. The study found that the application of tropicamide resulted in a slight increase in CCT, but did not significantly affect IOP. The researchers concluded that measuring IOP after dilation is still valid, but CCT should be measured before the instillation of tropicamide. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of tropicamide on eye health in a South African context. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Sussex in the United Kingdom discusses research findings on an eye condition called anisocoria. Anisocoria refers to an asymmetry in pupil size without any underlying pathology. The study collected images of pupils from 1060 healthy adults and found a strong association between anisocoria and a specific region on chromosome 13 (13q32.1). This region is known to be involved in the development of the pupil dilator muscle. The researchers suggest that alterations in this region may affect the expression of a gene called SOX21, which encodes a nuclear transcription factor. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China, explored the relationship between iris blood flow, iris thickness, and pupil diameter in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study found that adult patients with type 2 diabetes had higher vessel density at the pupil margin, thinner iris thickness at the iris dilator region, and smaller pupil diameter compared to healthy adults. Additionally, the study revealed that the level of glycated hemoglobin was correlated with insufficiently dilated pupil diameter after drug-induced mydriasis in type 2 diabetes patients. The findings suggest potential implications for the assessment and management of diabetes-related eye complications. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research on the treatment of aphakia and traumatic mydriasis, conditions affecting the eye. The study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a procedure called sutureless intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation combined with modified iris cerclage pupilloplasty. Five patients underwent this procedure and were followed up for 6 months. The results showed improved visual acuity, reduced pupil diameter, and no complications. The researchers concluded that this procedure is a safe and efficient treatment for patients with aphakia and traumatic mydriasis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Poland examined the effectiveness of a standardized combination of intracameral mydriatics and anesthetic (SCIMA) on mydriasis during cataract surgery in patients with coexisting diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF). The study found that SCIMA administration allowed for effective mydriasis in all groups of patients, including those with cataract and DM or PXF. The researchers concluded that patients with these comorbidities are likely to achieve effective pharmacological mydriasis during cataract surgery after SCIMA application. The study also found that mydriasis was slower and larger after the administration of mydriatic eyedrops compared to SCIMA. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Hindu Rao Hospital in Delhi, India, explored the cardiovascular effects of a diluted intracameral combination of 0.02% tropicamide, 0.31% phenylephrine, and 1% lidocaine during phacoemulsification to manage intraoperative miosis. The study found that this low concentration of the intracameral combination was both safe and effective for managing intraoperative miosis. The research concluded that intracameral mydriatic agents are a promising alternative to topical mydriasis for cataract surgery. [Extracted from the article]