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The article presents some economic and political updates as of August 6, 1903. One of the updates comments on the paper by professor Charles J. Bullock titled "The Concentration of Banking Interests in the United States." He takes, for purposes of illustration and comment, the drawing together of certain groups of banks and trust companies in New York City. They represent in part consolidations and in part affiliations. Another update highlights that at a confederate reunion recently held at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, a Federal judge spoke of cowardice in the jury-box as a prime cause of the trouble now afflicting the U.S.

This article reports on several political developments. Highly complicated issues were involved in the coal-road suits, decided by the Supreme Court on Monday, and it is somewhat difficult to understand the attitude of the judges towards all the matters argued before them. But in reality the Court merely says that many of the acts complained of in the Government suit were committed before the passage of the Hepburn act. If one wishes to be strengthened in his conviction, that the sooner the indirect election of United States Senators is done away with, the better, he has but to look at the Baltimore papers nowadays.

The article presents some socio-political updates related with the U.S. These interesting pieces of news are taken from copies of the Farmer's Journal, a weekly paper published at Danbury, Connecticut, in the winter of 1790-1791. The article presents a letter from Sunbury, Northumberland county of Pennsylvania. It says that one of the men who murdered the Indians at Pine Creek was tried on Saturday evening and though a number of witnesses clearly proved the hand he had in perpetrating the horrid deed, yet, notwithstanding an express charge from the judges to bring him in guilty, the jury in a few moments returned with a verdict in his favor, and a subscription to pay the costs of the suit, that he might immediately be set at liberty.

The representation of "Thermidor," the new drama of Victorien Sardou's, has assumed the character of a political event. "Thermidor" was well received the firsts night, but the best judges prophesied that it would not have a long and permanent success. Sardou's name is so popular that, immediately after the first representation, the boxes and stalls were taken at the theatre for various representations. The Radical papers, "La Bataille and Le Radical," had, however, made a protest against "Thermidor."

The masses everywhere are sadly in need of social and economic justice. Society owes a duty to the "underdog" and its obligations in this respect are constantly becoming more apparent. One of the signs of unrest is the rapidly growing movement for a "square deal" in the courts and in this connection the office of Public Defender has been persistently urged. Throughout the United States and England, the demand for elemental justice is developing with an ever-increasing force. The proper defense of indigent persons accused of crime is a necessary counterpart of public prosecution. The state should shield the innocent as well as punish the guilty.

The impertinence of the U.S. naturalization, courts has never been better illustrated than in the case of Rosika Schwimmer, well-known author and lecturer who wants to become a citizen of the United States. Judge Carpenter, dean of federal district judges, before whom Schwimmer appeared to be granted her final citizenship papers, denied her petition. Having ascertained that Schwimmer was both an "unqualified atheist" and a pacifist, Carpenter's Honor put to her the pretty little fiction: "If you were a nurse, caring for a wounded American soldier, and observed an armed enemy approaching, would you take up a pistol and shoot the enemy?"

The article focuses on the papers that relate to the visit of the Lord Chief Justice has revived in the United States the consideration of the respective merits of the English and American systems of the organization of the legal profession. The matter well deserves to be weighed; but those who on the other side suppose that any other single person, however influential, could bring about any change in the English arrangements, are mistaken, for those arrangements are deeply rooted in the customs of the country.

Technology has made the local government, civil service and the legal system obsolete. Much of the present wave of anxiety, disenchantment and discontent is actually directed at the present Parliamentary structure. The U.S. is moving rapidly toward a situation where the pressure for the redistribution of political power will have to be faced as a major issue. The implications for the system of Parliamentary democracy are far-reaching. The redistribution of power by decentralizing it is of great importance. But it is much more complicated than an exercise in geographical fragmentation. It means finding the right level for each decision and seeing that it can be taken at that level. It also means transferring much more power right back to the individual.

The article focuses on the paper box makers' strike in New York City. To protest against this campaign of violence by the police the American Civil Liberties Union recently submitted to Mayor James J. Walker a brief urging an investigation of the charges made by strikers in fourteen affidavits. One striker says that a blow from a policeman knocked out his front teeth. A girl swears that she was badly bruised when an officer struck her with a chair. A policeman is accused by witnesses of chasing children from the street by brandishing his pistol. A picket states that he was dragged into a shop and there pummeled by a policeman.

The article presents information on legal profession in New York city Although some of the large offices in New York City have continued to pay bonuses and some have given slight increases in pay, others have stopped bonuses entry and cut pay as much as 15 percent. But that is a long way from 50 percent. The most important factor in maintaining income seems to be reputation. The legal unit which is favorably known, be it large office, small office, or individual, is finding itself able to keep fairly close to former levels of income because of the flood of new work which has offset the decline in the old.

The article throws light on the story of Samoa, a tale of palms and moonlight, alluring beaches and dusky maidens. In reality it is but one version of the sordid tale of the arrogance of the white man toward another race, with this to differentiate it- that the Samoan race has personality. It does not concede the white man inherent superiority. It weighs and balances his words and actions, and judges accordingly. In some respects it finds him better than it, in others worse. It desires to emulate the good. Throughout all truthful descriptions of Samoa we find mention of the independence, dignity, and upstanding pride of the Samoan people, their aspirations and efforts.

The right of a man charged with a crime to be represented by a lawyer of his own choice and the tight of that lawyer to use every legitimate means in fighting for his client- without feat of personal penalty lie at the core of the administration of justice. Constitutions and laws, in guaranteeing these rights, merely spell out one of those transcendent principles of civilized living which are vital to the safety of the individual and the health of society. The slightest infringement on these rights, the merest shadow falling on the relationship between a defendant and his counsel, is likely to have catastrophic results. There is a compulsion of self-interest; if the defense of abhorred defendants is left to lawyers who do not respect the canon of ethics, the whole bar suffers in its reputation.

The Circuit Court of Cook County, Judge Joseph Power presiding, is now in session. The judge, looking stern, took his seat and listened as one of the assistant special State's Attorneys formally tendered him an order handed down by the Illinois Supreme Court that morning, August 21, 1971, in Case number 71-1791, People v. John Doe. By now everyone in the crowded courtroom knew that John Doe was really State's Attorney for Cook County, Ed Hanrahan and their apparent to Mayor Richard J. Daley, Chicago's Maximum Leader. Case number 71-1791 had grown more and more peculiar, partly because so much of it was wrapped in the sort of official secrecy that automatically produces a stream of leaks and rumors, and partly because it had become a morass of legal and not-so-legal maneuvers aimed at saving Hanrahan's political hide. Case number 71-1791 was a state grand jury investigation.

This article presents information regarding political developments in the world as well as in the U.S. The speech of ex-Senator Gary Aldrich to the Academy of Political Science, in this city, reviewing and criticizing the banking bill now pending in the U.S. Congress, was an interesting contribution to the discussion. Every thoughtful citizen of New York State must regard it as unfortunate that the judges of the Court of Appeals divided, 5 to 4, and 6 to 3, in the vote declaring Gov. William Sulzer guilty on three of the articles of impeachment.

The article presents some books on law and justice. These include "Social Justice," edited by Richard Brandt, "Jurisprudence," by Edgar Bodenheimer, "Liberty," edited by Carl J. Friedrich, "The Public Interest," edited by Carl J. Friedrich, "The Concept of Law," by Herbert L.A. Hart, "Jurisprudence," by Karl N. Llewellyn and "Justice and Social Policy," edited by Frederick A. Olafson. The article also says that the legal profession has neglected to emphasize training for law students in advocacy and the criminal law. These books provide an insight on the subject.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in the previous issues. "House of Esau," which focused on Jewish nationalism; "A Study in Justice," which presents severe criticisms of the U.S. Department of Justice in its investigation of charges against Captain Robert Rosenbluth; "Russian Trade With U.S. Falls Off," which made anti-Soviet propaganda.

Africans and policemen have been exchanging stones and bullets for a good many years, and most whites in South Africa think it in poor taste to draw attention to the fact. But of late the clashes have been sharper and more frequent, and the sense of a fatal dynamism in the course of events breaks through the surface of a daily life which is still, for whites, luxurious and easygoing. Few acts remain outside the grasp of a legal system that tends more and more to make a mockery of law. Every sordid little fall from grace may expose the offender to dire penalties.

The article presents information on socio-political conditions in the U.S. The United States Senate is the prototype of all the artificial upper houses in the modern world, and indeed may be said to be the lineal descendant of the Roman Senate It was intended by the founders of the Constitution to be what the Roman Senate was in its best days, that is, an assembly of distinguished "exes," if people uses the expression--ex-governors, ex-judges; ex-generals, and so forth, of men who had served with distinction in inferior positions, and would bring to its debates tested, as distinguished from probable or expected, character and judgment.

The "Daily Worker", organ of the Communist Party, and its editor, Clarence Hathaway, have been found guilty of criminal libel by a so-called "blue ribbon" jury. The case merits national attention both because of the circumstances under which it was brought to trial and because of the charge involved. Ever since the Alien and Sedition laws, when Federalist judges brought charges of criminal libel against Jeffersonian editors. The charge of criminal libel has a place in American legal system, but its use may easily be abused and the abuses endanger freedom of the press.

The article focuses on several socio-political issues. The diversity of character and interest in the smallest of the colonies is another illustration of the truth taught by Greek and Italian history, that it is not always the largest states that afford the most instructive data for political history. The revolution which will occur in the laws of Germany at the beginning of the year 1900 is the subject of an article in the October number of the periodical Forum. The Roman judicial code has been recognized as the common law of Germany since the close of the fifteenth century.

The article highlights the atrocities against colored people in the U.S. It describes the story of a young Negro W.D. Lyons who was charged for the murder of Oklahoma-based Elmer Rogers and his family. In the prison Lyons was beaten. Investigator Vernon Cheatwood kicked him in the stomach and blacked his eye. The sheriff called a halt in order to question Lyons for about thirty minutes and then the beatings were resumed until the sheriff again stopped them and had Lyons taken to his cell. Later an officer brought in a pan of bones and placed it on Lyons' lap saying that they were bones of Rogers and his family. Lyons was threatened and beaten till he agreed to admit his guilt.

The article presents some socio-political updates as of October 26, 1911. One of the updates highlights that in Charleston, South Carolina, a fight is on against the establishment of a racetrack. The argument in favor of the track is that of commercial advantage to the city. Moreover, an overwhelming weight of testimony is presented from representative businessmen of Florida where the experiment was tried. Another update presents comments made by Fremont Older, the editor of periodical "San Francisco Bulletin" for the release of Abraham Ruef, the notorious boss whose conviction and imprisonment were brought about primarily through Older's unremitting efforts.

Presents letters to the editor about various public issues from around the world. Description of a public defender; Criticism on women's citizenship; Information on political prisoners.

The article discusses American judicial system. The Julian trial in Los Angeles has ended. Its result reveals once more that the American judicial system, when faced with the wealthy and, therefore, influential citizens of the community, often refuses to function. It was over a year ago that the Julian Petroleum Corporation crashed, and 40,000 Southern Californians, most of them of exceedingly moderate means, found that they had been swindled out of from twenty to forty millions of dollars. They had been induced to buy approximately 5,000,000 worthless shares of oil stock which were issued without permission from the State corporation commissioner.

This article discusses the matter related to various political affairs. The acquittal of officer Harry F. Sinclair on the charge of entering into a criminal conspiracy with Albert Fall, Secretary of the Interior, to defraud the government in the matter of the naval oil leases is a grave blow to the administration of justice throughout the U.S. If Alfred E. Smith, Governor of New York, becomes the nominee of -the Democratic Party for the Presidency-as now seems almost certain to happen-he will be the first son of Taminany Hall ever put forward for that office. Samuel J. Tilden, who was the Democratic nominee in 1876, was a member of Tammany Hall in his early days, but he broke with it, and it was his fight against the Tweed Ring that made him Governor of New York and later the choice of his party for the Presidency.

The article presents an account of the workings of the courts in the Soviet Union. The people's court consists of one judge appointed for one year, but practically for good behavior. The purpose of the courts is to strengthen the gains of the revolution, to defend the working class against the onsets of conscious and unconscious enemies, and to inculcate respect for revolutionary laws. They are frankly and avowedly class courts. The word "illegitimacy" has been dropped from the Russian lexicon. All children, born in or out of wedlock alike, have the rights and duties in and the claims, upon society and family.

The theme of foreign jurisdiction in Japan, is that form of invasion of national-sovereignty which consists in maintaining indefinitely a staff of foreign judges and foreign sheriffs within the confines of an independent state, of a system that substitutes for foreign laws and foreign procedure for the sovereign rules of a civilized nation; of a policy that denies efficacy to the merest police regulations until they have been confirmed by the assent of seventeen States, scattered all the globe.

At the time of the great strike of the iron-workers in 1901, Charles Francis Adams made some suggestions for the avoidance of such troubles. They deserved more attention than was then paid them. Adams's plan contemplates neither arbitration nor legal compulsion. Since he first suggested it, he has reflected on it and taken counsel, and laid it before the Civic Federation, together with the draft of a bill or its application. The article contemplates on the questions that will be asked in such a dispute resolution.

Under the French law the press is ordinarily forbidden to report a libel trial, but in the case of journalist Vladimir Kravchenko, Justice has put at the disposal of the international press very unusual facilities for quick and widespread publication of the proceedings. Those who watch Kravchenko, as he listens, becomes nervous, gets furious, throws himself, sometimes blindly, sometimes cautiously, into the argument, hammers the table with his fist, advances with his head lowered, as if in a boxing match against his adversary. He commits mistakes by exposing his hand at points where the game demands that he hide it. When he ought not to speak, he speaks. When he should find a quick reply, he is silent or elusive.

Southern politicians are eagerly awaiting the legal assault on what may turn out to be the last resort of pure white suffrage. Keenly disappointed over refusal of a South Carolina federal judge to sanction the private primary, whereby the Democratic Party was to circumvent the law by becoming a private club, the diehards have been counting hopefully on a relatively new provision of Alabama's state constitution. Enacted in 1946, the clause provides that would be voters must not only be able to read and write but also to understand and explain any section of the constitution, with the local board of registrars to be the judges of their performance.

The article presents information on the book "Standards of American Legislation: An Estimate of Restrictive and Constructive Factors," by Ernst Freund. This book examines the operation of the legal system and is also an attempt to formulate a body of "positive principles that should guide and control the making of statutes and give a more definite meaning and content to the concept of due process of law." The author starts with the inquiry "whether the extent of legislative power over personal and property rights not covered by specific constitutional guarantees is a legal or a political issue." He concedes that the prevailing doctrine treats it as a legal one, and thus assigns its determination to judicial authority.

Presents letters to the editor regarding politics and society. Views of a reader about the administration of justice in Alabama; Information given by a reader about librarian Antonio Magliabecchi; Information given by a reader about the politician Jean-Leon Jaures.

Last week's meetings of the American Bar Association have served again to show how keen is the interest which the leading lawyers take in public questions. From eminent members of the bar and from retired judges, were able and stimulating discussions of such subjects as the judicial recall, the reform at legal procedure, the regulation of public-utility corporations and governmental control of rates and prices. It takes, a rare combination of professional attainment and public spirit to make a lawyer ideally fitted to discharge his duties and rise to his opportunities as a citizen.

The power of courts of law to annul statutes on the ground of their alleged incompatibility with organic law is today the chief difference between the judicial system of the U.S. and Great Britain. W.F. Dodd, in a recent article in the Political Science Quarterly, avers that the courts have now become practically legislative organs with an absolute power of veto upon statutory legislation, which they regard as inexpedient. There prevailed everywhere the dominant idea of a constituent, organic and customary law, which it was the business of the High Court of Parliament as well as the other courts of the realm to discover or declare and to apply to individual cases.

The article presents analyses of the book "Year Books of the Reign of King Edward the Third," edited and translated by Luke Owen Pike. The Year Books are full of material of great value to all students of law. The Year Books are made to serve as a guide for the selection of all that is most important in the rolls, in relation not only to legal but also to social history. In discussing the case No. 45 in Trinity Term, the editor refers to four men from four neighboring townships, who are summoned in to inform the Court of King's Bench more fully relating to the obligation to repair a certain bridge.

Presents several letters to the editor. Need of labor to build an Isthmian canal; Appointment of special assize for speedy trial of a Negro.

Presents letters to the editor related to various social issues. Information on farming business; Description of some good men in judicial services; Moscow's fatherless children; Information on churches and war.

The article reports on the news published in the journal "Nation," some 50 years ago. One article reports that the small vote cast for judges of the U.S. Supreme Court in Tennessee last week shows the deterrent effect of a poll-tax. In another article the U.S. Senate Committee on Territories has reported favorably the House bills for the admission of New Mexico and Arizona as states, and apparently only a pressure of other matters will prevent the passage of the measures. This all has happened in spite of these two states being half foreign.