39 results on '"Arbeláez, María Patricia"'
Search Results
2. Large-scale releases and establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes throughout the Cities of Bello, Medellín and Itagüí, Colombia.
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Velez, Iván Darío, Uribe, Alexander, Barajas, Jovany, Uribe, Sandra, Ángel, Sandra, Suaza-Vasco, Juan David, Mejia Torres, Maria Camila, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Santacruz-Sanmartin, Eduardo, Duque, Lorena, Martínez, Luis, Posada, Tania, Patiño, Ana Cristina, Gonzalez, Sandra Milena, Velez, Ana Lucía, Ramírez, Jennifer, Salazar, Marlene, Gómez, Sandra, Osorio, Jorge E., and Iturbe-Ormaetxe, Inaki
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AEDES aegypti ,DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,CITIES & towns ,WOLBACHIA ,MOSQUITOES ,DENGUE viruses - Abstract
Background: The wMel strain of Wolbachia has been successfully introduced into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and has been shown to reduce the transmission of dengue and other Aedes-borne viruses. Here we report the entomological results from phased, large-scale releases of Wolbachia infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes throughout three contiguous cities located in the Aburrá Valley, Colombia. Methodology/principal findings: Local wMel Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were generated and then released in an initial release pilot area in 2015–2016, which resulted in the establishment of Wolbachia in the local mosquito populations. Subsequent large-scale releases, mainly involving vehicle-based releases of adult mosquitoes along publicly accessible roads and streets, were undertaken across 29 comunas throughout Bello, Medellín and Itagüí Colombia between 2017–2022. In 9 comunas these were supplemented by egg releases that were undertaken by staff or community members. By the most recent monitoring, Wolbachia was found to be stable and established at consistent levels in local mosquito populations (>60% prevalence) in the majority (67%) of areas. Conclusion: These results, from the largest contiguous releases of wMel Wolbachia mosquitoes to date, highlight the operational feasibility of implementing the method in large urban settings. Based on results from previous studies, we expect that Wolbachia establishment will be sustained long term. Ongoing monitoring will confirm Wolbachia persistence in local mosquito populations and track its establishment in the remaining areas. Author summary: The introduction of the naturally occurring wMel Wolbachia strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes has been shown to reduce the ability of the mosquitoes to transmit dengue and other viruses. Following engagement with communities to gain acceptance and support, a series of large-scale releases of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes that contained wMel Wolbachia, were undertaken across the cities of Bello, Medellín and Itagüí in Colombia. These releases were undertaken under operational conditions with the aim of rapidly scaling the intervention in response to the Zika virus crisis. Mosquito populations were monitored during and after releases to determine the levels of Wolbachia and whether it persisted in the local mosquitoes. Wolbachia was found to be stable and established at consistent levels in local mosquito populations in the majority of areas. On-going monitoring in these areas will determine whether Wolbachia persists and also whether it establishes at a high level in the remaining areas. This intervention forms the basis of an epidemiological study to assess the impact of operational deployment of wMel Wolbachia on the reduction of the incidence of notified dengue cases and virologically-confirmed dengue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Evidence for a Role of the NOS1AP (CAPON) Gene in Schizophrenia and Its Clinical Dimensions : An Association Study in a South American Population Isolate
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Kremeyer, Barbara, García, Jenny, Kymäläinen, Hanna, Wratten, Naomi, Restrepo, Gabriel, Palacio, Carlos, Miranda, Ana Lucía, López, Carlos, Restrepo, Margarita, Bedoya, Gabriel, Brzustowicz, Linda M., Ospina-Duque, Jorge, Arbeláez, María Patricia, and Ruiz-Linares, Andrés
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- 2009
4. Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis among People Deprived of Liberty in Colombian Prisons
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Herrera, Mariana, primary, Keynan, Yoav, additional, López, Lucelly, additional, Marín, Diana, additional, Arroyave, Luisa, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, Vélez, Lázaro, additional, and Rueda, Zulma Vanessa, additional
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- 2022
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5. Reply to the letter to the editor entitled “About the ‘critical reflections’ on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index”
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Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier, primary, Restrepo-Henao, Alexandra, additional, Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol, additional, Castillo, Juan Sebastián, additional, Vega-Romero, Román, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, Pardo-Turriago, Rodrigo, additional, Díaz, Paula Andrea, additional, Gaitán-Duarte, Hernando, additional, Cantor-Cruz, Francy, additional, Osorio, Lyda, additional, Andia, Tatiana, additional, and Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos, additional
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- 2021
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6. Reflexiones críticas sobre el Índice de resiliencia epidemiológica municipal utilizado para la toma de decisiones de política pública en el control de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia
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Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier, primary, Restrepo-Henao, Alexandra, additional, Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol, additional, Castillo, Juan Sebastián, additional, Vega-Romero, Roman, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, Pardo-Turriago, Rodrigo, additional, Diaz, Paula Andrea, additional, Gaitán-Duarte, Hernando, additional, Cantor-Cruz, Francy, additional, Osorio, Lyda, additional, Andia, Tatiana, additional, and Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos, additional
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- 2021
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7. Critical reflections on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index used for public policy decision-making regarding the control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia
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Eslava-Schmalbach , Javier, Restrepo-Henao, Alexandra, Guarnizo-Herreño , Carol, Castillo, Juan Sebastián, Vega-Romero , Roman, Arbeláez , María Patricia, Pardo-Turriago , Rodrigo, Diaz, Paula Andrea, Gaitán-Duarte, Hernando, Cantor-Cruz, Francy, Osorio, Lyda, Andia, Tatiana, Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos, Eslava-Schmalbach , Javier, Restrepo-Henao, Alexandra, Guarnizo-Herreño , Carol, Castillo, Juan Sebastián, Vega-Romero , Roman, Arbeláez , María Patricia, Pardo-Turriago , Rodrigo, Diaz, Paula Andrea, Gaitán-Duarte, Hernando, Cantor-Cruz, Francy, Osorio, Lyda, Andia, Tatiana, and Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos
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On June 2, 2021, the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection, through Resolution No. 777, laid down the requirements to resume all restricted economic and social activities. Similarly, said Resolution established the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index (IREM by its acronym in Spanish) as a tool to support decision-making regarding this economic reactivation amid the third epidemic peak of COVID-19 in the country. The purpose of this article is to perform a critical analysis of the technical aspects of the IREM and to explore the feasibility of its implementation as a support for the resumption of economic and social activities as proposed in the Resolution. The present critical analysis emphasizes on the lack of a clear definition of epidemiological resilience that is consistent with the scientific literature. Furthermore, the face and content validity of the index, as well as the construct validity of the index and of its dimensions, are called into question and, therefore, the feasibility of using it to determine said resumption., El 2 de junio de 2021, el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia expidió la Resolución 777, mediante la cual se determinan las condiciones para el reinicio de todas las actividades económicas y sociales restringidas. Asimismo, en esta resolución se define el Índice de resiliencia epidemiológica municipal (IREM) como la herramienta para apoyar la toma de decisiones relacionadas con esta reactivación económica en medio del tercer pico epidémico de la COVID-19 en el país. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un análisis crítico de los aspectos técnicos del IREM y explorar la conveniencia de su implementación como soporte del reinicio de las actividades económicas y sociales propuesto en la resolución. Dentro de este análisis crítico se destaca la falta de una clara definición de resiliencia epidemiológica que se ajuste a la literatura científica. Además, se cuestiona tanto la validez de apariencia, contenido y constructo del índice global, como la validez del constructo de sus dimensiones y, por tanto, la pertinencia de usarlo como herramienta para definir dicho reinicio.
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- 2021
8. Reply to the letter to the editor entitled “About the ‘critical reflections’ on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index”
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Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier, Restrepo-Henao, Alexandra, Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol, Castillo, Juan Sebastián, Vega-Romero , Román, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Pardo-Turriago, Rodrigo, Díaz, Paula Andrea, Gaitán-Duarte, Hernando, Cantor-Cruz, Francy, Osorio, Lyda, Andia, Tatiana, Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos, Eslava-Schmalbach, Javier, Restrepo-Henao, Alexandra, Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol, Castillo, Juan Sebastián, Vega-Romero , Román, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Pardo-Turriago, Rodrigo, Díaz, Paula Andrea, Gaitán-Duarte, Hernando, Cantor-Cruz, Francy, Osorio, Lyda, Andia, Tatiana, and Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos
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We greatly appreciate the comments made by Rojas-Botero et al.1 on our paper entitled “Critical reflections on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index used for public policy decision-making regarding the control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia”.2 We acknowledge that public health, understood as the well-being of the community, should be the focus of all our efforts as health professionals. In this sense, decision-making amid a major emergency, such as the one we are currently experiencing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a balanced and calm judgment that considers both the general context and local specificities, as well as the best available scientific evidence, that is, evidence that not only supports decisions, but also prioritizes benefits over risks., Agradecemos los comentarios de Rojas-Botero et al.1 sobre el documento de nuestra autoría titulado "Critical reflections about the Municipal epidemiological resilience index used for public policy decision-making regarding the control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia"2. Reconocemos que la salud pública, entendida como la condición de bienestar de la comunidad, es a lo que deben estar dedicados todos nuestros esfuerzos como profesionales de la salud. En este sentido, la toma de decisiones en medio de una emergencia de gran magnitud, como la que enfrentamos en la actualidad a causa de la pandemia por COVID-19, requiere de un juicio ponderado y sereno que considere tanto el contexto general como las especificidades locales y que incluya la mejor evidencia científica disponible, es decir, aquella que no solo soporte las decisiones, sino que también privilegie los beneficios sobre los riesgos.
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- 2021
9. Costo-efectividad de un tratamiento antituberculoso alternativo: seguimiento a convivientes residenciales de los pacientes
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Nieto, Emmanuel, López, Lucelly, del Corral, Helena, Marín, Diana, Lopera, Luz Dolly, Benjumea, Dione, Montes, Fernando, Molina, Gloria, and Arbeláez, María Patricia
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- 2012
10. Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence in multi-transfused patients in Colombia
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Beltrân, Mauricio, Navas, Maria-Cristina, De la Hoz, Fernando, Mercedes Muñoz, Maria, Jaramillo, Sergio, Estrada, Cecilia, del Pilar Cortés, Lucia, Arbelâez, Maria Patricia, Donado, Jorge, Barco, Gloria, Luna, Martha, Uribe, Gustavo Adolfo, de Maldonado, Amalia, Restrepo, Juan Carlos, Correa, Gonzalo, Borda, Paula, Rey, Gloria, de Neira, Marlen, Estrada, Angela, Yepes, Sandra, Beltrân, Oscar, Pacheco, Javier, Villegas, Iván, and Boshell, Jorge
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- 2005
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11. Evaluación de la respuesta a la tuberculina en estudiantes del área de la salud
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Arbeláez, María Patricia M., Ocampo, María Clara, Montoya, Javier, Jaramillo, Lina María, Giraldo, Paula María, Maldonado, Andrés, Cano, Erica, Mejía, Óscar Andrés, and García, Luis F.
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- 2000
12. Prevalencia de variantes en el gen de la apolipoproteina E (APOE) en adultos de la poblacion general del area urbana de Medellin (Antioquia)
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Arango Viana, Juan Carlos, Victoria Valencia, Ana, Lucía Páez, Ana, Montoya Gómez, Nilton, Palacio, Carlos, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel, and García Valencia, Jenny
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- 2014
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13. Safety and immunogenicity of a killed Leishmania (L.) amazonensis vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: a randomized controlled trial
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Vélez, Ivan Dario, del Pilar Agudelo, Sonia, Arbelaez, Maria Patricia, Gilchrist, Katherine, Robledo, Sara Maria, Puerta, Juan Alberto, Zicker, Fabio, Berman, Jonathan, and Modabber, Farrokh
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- 2000
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14. Eligibility criteria and outcome measures adopted in clinical trials of treatments of cutaneous leishmaniasis: systematic literature review covering the period 1991-2015
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López-Carvajal, Liliana, primary, Vélez, Iván, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, and Olliaro, Piero, additional
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- 2018
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15. Hepatitis E virus infection in patients with clinical diagnosis of viral hepatitis in Colombia
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Peláez, Dioselina, Hoyos, María Cristina, Rendón, Julio César, Mantilla, Carolina, Ospina, Martha Cecilia, Cortés-Mancera, Fabián, Pérez, Olga Lucía, Contreras, Lady, Estepa, Yaneth, Arbeláez, María Patricia, and Navas, María Cristina
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hepatitis viruses ,viruses ,anticuerpos ,virus de la hepatitis ,antibodies ,hepatitis E - Abstract
Introducción. El virus de la hepatitis E (HEV), agente etiológico de casos esporádicos y epidemias de hepatitis, es un virus emergente de importancia global. En Colombia se desconoce la epidemiología de la infección causada por este virus. Objetivo. Determinar la seropositividad para el virus de la hepatitis E en muestras de suero de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de hepatitis viral en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron muestras de pacientes remitidas al Instituto Nacional de Salud en el periodo 2005-2010 provenientes de 15 departamentos de Colombia (grupo 1) y muestras remitidas al Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública de Antioquia en el periodo 2008-2009 (grupo 2). Las muestras de suero se analizaron por inmunoensayo con estuches comerciales. Resultados. La frecuencia de seropositividad para el virus de la hepatitis E en las 344 muestras analizadas fue de 8,7 % (30/344); de estas, 1,74 % (6/344) presentó IgM anti-HEV y 7,5 % (26/344), IgG anti-HEV. Se observó una diferencia en el resultado positivo entre el grupo 1 (6,3 %) y el grupo 2 (15,3 %). Los casos provenían de nueve departamentos del país. Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio de infección por el virus de la hepatitis E en muestras de pacientes con diagnóstico de hepatitis en Colombia. La seropositividad descrita en esta población de pacientes es similar a la descrita en otros países de América Latina, como Brasil, Perú y Uruguay. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, se debe considerar la inclusión de los marcadores de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis E en el diagnóstico diferencial de la hepatitis viral en Colombia. Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent virus of global importance; it is the etiological agent of sporadic cases and outbreaks of hepatitis. The epidemiology of this infection in Colombia is unknown. Objective: To determine the seropositivity for hepatitis E virus in Colombia in cases with clinical diagnosis of viral hepatitis. Materials and methods: Serum samples from patients that were sent to the Instituto Nacional de Salud during the period 2005-2010 (group 1) and samples sent to the Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública de Antioquia during the 2008-2009 period were included in this study (group 2). Serum samples were analyzed by immunoassay with commercial kits. Results: From the 344 analyzed samples, 8.7% were positive for anti-HEV; the frequency of anti-HEV IgM was 1.74% (6/344) and the frequency of anti-HEV IgG was 7.5% (26/344). A difference in frequency of anti-HEV between group 1 (6.3%) and group 2 (1.3%) was observed. The cases were identified in nine departments of Colombia. Conclusions: This is the first study of hepatitis E virus infection in patients with diagnosis of hepatitis in Colombia. The frequency of anti-HEV described in this population of patients in Colombia is similar to that described in other Latin American countries like Brazil, Perú and Uruguay. Considering the results of this study, it could be necessary to include hepatitis E virus infection serological markers in the differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis in Colombia.
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- 2014
16. Sputum induction is a safe procedure to use in prisoners and MGIT is the best culture method to diagnose tuberculosis in prisons: a cohort study
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Rueda, Zulma Vanessa, primary, López, Lucelly, additional, Marín, Diana, additional, Vélez, Lázaro A., additional, and Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional
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- 2015
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17. Seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en una población de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en cuatro hospitales, Colombia, Sur América
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Beltrán, Mauricio, Navas, María Cristina, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Donado, Jorge, Jaramillo, Sergio, De la Hoz, Fernando, Estrada, Cecilia, Cortés, Lucía del Pilar, de Maldonado, Amalia, and Rey, Gloria
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transfusión sanguínea ,Blood transfusion ,VIH ,factores de riesgo ,HIV ,risk factors ,virus de la hepatitis B ,Colombia ,hepatitis B virus - Abstract
Introducción. Aunque la transfusión de componentes sanguíneos es una terapia ampliamente utilizada, representa un riesgo de transmisión de agentes infecciosos. Objetivo. Como parte de la iniciativa sobre sangre segura promovida por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se realizó un estudio para estimar la seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Entre febrero y septiembre de 2003, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal de 500 pacientes con múltiples transfusiones, seleccionados en cuatro hospitales de las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín. Las muestras de suero obtenidas se analizaron por inmunoensayo con estuches comerciales. Resultados. La frecuencia de seropositividad para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana fue de 1,8%, (IC95% 0,5-3,1). La frecuencia de seropositividad para el virus de la hepatitis B fue de 18,6% (IC95% 15,1-22,1). Los principales factores de riesgo fueron: recibir más de 48 unidades de sangre o componentes, tener diagnóstico de hemofilia, recibir transfusiones por un período mayor de un año, recibir sangre total, tener coinfección por virus de la hepatitis C y haber sido transfundido antes de 1993. Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio epidemiológico realizado en Colombia con un número significativo de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones. El hallazgo más relevante es la elevada prevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana observado en la población de hemofílicos, comparado con los otros cuatro grupos de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones. Introduction. Although the transfusion of blood products is a common therapy, it carries risk of transmission of infections, especially hepatitus B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective. As part of the blood safety initiative, the Pan American Health Organization supported studies to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Colombia. Materials and methods. Between February and September 2003, a cross sectional study examined 500 multiply-transfused patients at four hospital centers in the cities of Bogotá and Medellín. The serum samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using commercial kits. Results. The seroprevalence of HIV infection was 1.8% (CI 95% 0.5-3.1). The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 18.6% (CI 95% 15.1-22.1). Six risk factors were associated with HIV and HBV infection: (1) receiving more than 48 units of blood or blood components, (2) diagnosis of hemophilia, (3) receiving transfusions for more than one year, (4) receiving whole blood, (5) co-infection with hepatitis C virus and (6) receiving transfusions before 1993. Conclusions. This is the first epidemiological study with a significant sample size performed in multiply-transfused patients in Colombia. The principal finding was the high prevalence of HBV and HIV infection in patients with diagnosis of hemophilia compared with the other five groups of multiply-transfused patients.
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- 2009
18. Prevalencia de anormalidades de células epiteliales y factoresasociados en mujeres de un municipio rural colombiano
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Grisales, Hugo, Vanegas, Ángela Patricia, Gaviria, Ángela M, Castaño, Jorge, Mora, Martín Alonso, Borrero, Mauricio, Rojas, Carlos, Arbeláez, María Patricia, and Sánchez, Gloria I
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neoplasia intraepitelial del cuello uterino ,cervical cancer ,uterine cervical neoplasms ,frotis vaginal ,citología ,neoplasias del cuello uterino ,cytology ,control and prevention ,Colombia ,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ,vaginal smears ,células epiteliales ,epithelial cells - Abstract
Introducción. A pesar de la existencia de los programas de tamización basados en la citología, las tasas de cáncer de cuello uterino permanecen estables en Colombia. La descripción de los factores asociados a las lesiones precursoras de cáncer de cuello uterino es necesaria para establecer estrategias para su prevención. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de las anormalidades de células epiteliales escamosas y su asociación con los factores de riesgo descritos. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal de población en 739 mujeres, seleccionadas en forma aleatoria. La información se recolectó mediante la citología y un cuestionario previamente validado. La medida de asociación fue la razón de prevalencia con su respectivo intervalo de confianza del 95%. Las variables de confusión fueron controladas en un modelo de regresión logística multivariado. Resultados. La prevalencia del evento fue de 15,8%. Entre las mujeres con citología anormal, 10% presentó células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado; 3,9%, lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado, y 1,9%, lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado. La regresión logística ajustada sugiere que los antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, una citología anormal y tener dos o más parejas regulares/ocasionales durante la vida se asocian con la presencia del evento. Conclusiones. La relación de anormalidades de células escamosas con conducta sexual refleja la asociación entre el virus del papiloma humano y lesiones preneoplásicas de cáncer de cuello uterino. El uso frecuente y el adecuado conocimiento sobre la citología, sugiere que aspectos tales como las dificultades con la calidad de la citología o el acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento, pudieran explicar las altas tasas de cáncer de cuello uterino. Introduction. In spite of implementation of cytology-based cervical cancer screening in Colombia, mortality rates remain stable. The description of factors associated to cervical pre-neoplasic lesions is needed to establish strategies for mortality prevention. Objective. The prevalence of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities was determined to explore the association of cytology abnormalities with described risk factors. Materials and methods. This population-based, cross-sectional study included 739 women randomly selected by age. A validated face-to-face questionnaire and conventional cervical cytology were used to collect the information. To establish the association between cervical abnormalities and some qualitative variables, the independent chi squared test was used. We also calculated prevalence ratio with their 95% confidence intervals. A logistic regression model was used to explore variables that potentially explain cytology abnormalities. Results. The prevalence of squamous cell abnormality was 15.8%. Among women with abnormal cytology, 10% presented atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 3.9% low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion and 1.9% high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. The adjusted logistical regression analysis showed that history of sexual transmitted disease, two or more sexual partners during entire life and previous abnormal cytology were associated with cytology abnormalities. Conclusion. The relation of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities with sexual behavior history reflexes the link between human papiloma virus infection and cervical cancer pre-neoplasic lesions. The frequency of use and knowledge about the purpose of cytology were factors that suggested other diagnostic limitations such as quality of cervical cytology or barriers to access health care. These latter factors may be the underlying basis for the high cervical cancer mortality rates.
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- 2008
19. Perfil de las condiciones de vida de los adolescentes jóvenes, zona urbana, ciudad de Medellín, 2006
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Grisales Romero, Hugo and Arbeláez, María Patricia
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Análisis de correspondencias múltiples ,Nivel socioeconómico ,Adolescentes ,Condiciones de vida - Abstract
Las condiciones de vida son el conjunto de circunstancias materiales de la existencia y supervivencia de un individuo o grupo humano. Abarca múltiples dimensiones: vivienda, trabajo, educación, seguridad, salud, entre otras y como tales son el reflejo de las políticas económicas y de los programas de gobierno. Se condujo un estudio transversal en una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1066 jóvenes. Se describe el perfil general de las condiciones de vida de los adolescentes jóvenes, de 15 a 19 años, utilizando la técnica del análisis de correspondencias múltiples.
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- 2008
20. PERFIL DAS CONDIÇÕES DE VIDA DOS ADOLESCENTES JOVENS, ZONA URBANA, CIDADE DE MEDELLÍN, 2006
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Grisales Romero, Hugo and Arbeláez, María Patricia
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Medellin ,Análisis de correspondencias múltiples ,Medellín ,análise de correspondências múltiplas ,Adolescentes jóvenes ,living conditions ,Nivel socioeconómico ,Young adolescents ,nível socioeconômico ,socioeconomic level ,condições de vida ,analysis of multiple correspondences ,Condiciones de vida ,Adolescentes jovens - Abstract
Introducción: las condiciones de vida son el conjunto de circunstancias materiales de la existencia y supervivencia de un individuo o grupo humano. Abarca múltiples dimensiones: vivienda, trabajo, educación, seguridad, salud, entre otras y como tales son el refejo de las políticas económicas y de los programas de gobierno. Métodos: se condujo un estudio transversal en una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1066 jóvenes. Se describe el perfl general de las condiciones de vida de los adolescentes jóvenes, de 15 a 19 años, utilizando la técnica del análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Resultados: los perfles familiares, educativos, laborales, psicosociales y de salud de los adolescentes jóvenes del nivel socioeconómico bajo, refejaron problemas de cohesión familiar, económicos y de desescolarización, además de valoración negativa de aspectos que se referen a su futuro y a sus relaciones afectivas. En todos los niveles socioeconómicos, se tiene una valoración positiva de la utilidad del estudio y en cuanto a la sexualidad, la edad de inicio de la actividad sexual fue similar, destacándose que en general el predominio de dicho inicio es con un conocido en los niveles socioeconómicos bajo y medio, causado por deseo sexual y notándose una baja frecuencia de uso de los métodos anticonceptivos, aunque entre quienes los usaron predominaron los métodos de barrera. Conclusiones: los resultados sustentan un monitoreo de las condiciones de vida de los adolescentes jóvenes en los niveles socioeconómicos de la ciudad especialmente en aquellas zonas más deprimidas. Introduction: The conditions of life are the set of material circumstances of the existence and survival of an individual or human group. Sandal multiple dimensions: house, work, education, security, health, among others and as such are the refection of the economic policies and the programs of government. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study in a random sample and representative of 1066 young people was conducted. The general profle of the living conditions of young adolescents, of 15 is described to 19 years, using the technique of the analysis of multiple correspondences. Results: Familiar, educative, labor, psycho-social the profles and of health of the young adolescents of the socioeconomic level under refected problems of familiar cohesion, economic and of de-schooling besides negative valuation of aspects that talk about to their future and its affective relations. In all the socioeconomic levels, a positive valuation of the utility of the study is had and as far as the sexuality, the age of beginning of the sexual activity is similar standing out that generally the predominance of this beginning is with a well-known in the socioeconomic levels low and high, by sexual desire and a LF of use of the contraceptive methods although between uses those who them predominate the barrier methods. Discussion and conclusions: The results especially sustain a monitoring of the living conditions of the young adolescents in the socioeconomic levels of the city in those depressed zones more. Introdução: As condições de vida são o conjunto de circunstâncias materiais da existência e sobrevivência do indivíduo ou do grupo humano. Abarcam múltiplas dimensões: moradia, trabalho, educação, segurança, saúde, entre outras e, como tais, são o refexo das políticas econômicas e dos programas de governo. Métodos: Conduziu-se um estudo transversal em amostra aleatória e representativa de 1066 jovens. Descreve-se o perfl geral das condições de vida dos adolescentes jovens de 15 a 19 anos, utilizando a técnica da análise de correspondências múltiplas. Resultados: Os perfs familiares, educativos, trabalhistas, psicosociais e de saúde dos adolescentes jovens de nível sócio-econômico baixo, refetiram problemas de coesão familiar, econômica e de desescolarização, além da valorização negativa de aspectos que se referem a seu futuro e a suas relações afetivas. Em todos os níveis sócio-econômicos se têm uma valorização positiva da utilidade do estudo. Quanto à sexualidade, a idade de início de sua atividade foi similar, destacando-se que, em geral, o predomínio deste início é com um conhecido nos níveis sócio-econômicos, baixo e médio, causado por desejo sexual e notando-se uma baixa freqüência no uso de métodos anticoncepcionais, embora entre os que o usaram predomine o método de barreira. Conclusões: Os resultados sustentam um monitoramento das condições de vida dos adolescentes jovens nos níveis sócio-econômicos da cidade, especialmente naquelas zonas mais deprimidas.
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- 2008
21. Efectividad de la profilaxis para enfermedad tuberculosa en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, Medellín, 2002-2005
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Arbeláez, María Patricia, Arbeláez, Alexánder, Gómez, Rubén Darío, Rojas, Carlos, Vélez, Lázaro, Arias, Sonia Luz, Nagles, Jorge, Peláez, Luz Marina, Betancourt, Gloria, and Velásquez, Gloria
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efectividad ,tuberculosis ,antibiotic prophylaxis ,antiretroviral therapy ,profilaxis antibiótica ,VIH ,HIV ,effectiveness ,terapia antirretroviral altamente activa ,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ,Colombia ,síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida ,highly active - Abstract
Introducción. La profilaxis para tuberculosis ha sido aceptada mundialmente para prevenir las formas activas de la enfermedad, especialmente, en pacientes positivos para VIH; pero en los países de alta prevalencia es aún controvertida su efectividad y sus indicaciones. Objetivo. Establecer en pacientes positivos para VIH el nivel de efectividad de dos esquemas de profilaxis contra la tuberculosis: con isoniacida durante nueve meses o pirazinamida/rifampicina durante 60 días, suministrados en forma autoadministrada, independientemente de la respuesta a la prueba de tuberculina. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional de cohorte. Se conformaron dos grupos, uno con 131 pacientes, quienes voluntariamente aceptaron recibir uno de los dos esquemas profilácticos, si el de pirazinamida/rifampicina no estaba contraindicado. El grupo control estuvo conformado por 200 pacientes seleccionados retrospectivamente, a partir de los registros de un programa de control de pacientes con VIH/sida. El seguimiento para ambos grupos se realizó durante dos años, mediante revisión de la historia clínica. Resultados. Los grupos no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas cuando se compararon sus características clínicas, ni demográficas. Una mayor proporción de pacientes del grupo control tuvieron recuento de CD4100.000. En el grupo con profilaxis, 8% manifestó efectos adversos, una persona presentó tuberculosis (0,8%) y en el grupo control 10 (5%) (RR=0,15, IC95% 0,02-1,18, p=0,07), la protección de la profilaxis fue del 80%, independiente de CD4, carga viral y terapia antirretroviral recibida. Conclusión. La profilaxis para tuberculosis mostró ser efectiva en pacientes positivos para VIH, independientemente del estado inmune, virológico y el tratamiento antirretroviral recibido. Introduction. Prophylaxis against tuberculosis has been recognized as important for preventing clinical forms of tuberculosis, mainly in HIV positive patients. However, in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence, prophylaxis application and effectiveness remains controversial. Objective. Effectiveness was established for two prophylaxis regimens -isoniazid treatment for nine months and pirazinamid/rifampin for 60 days. Materials and methods. Two cohort groups of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were compared. One consisted of 131 volunteer patients, who received one of the two prophylactic regimens -pirazinamid/rifampin or isoniazid. The tuberculosis treatment drugs were self-administered and independent of tuberculin response tests. The second group consisted of 200 patients selected from the records of a HIV/AIDS control program. Follow up for both groups was conducted over a two-year period through clinical records. Results. The 2 groups were similar with respect to clinical and demographic variables. A higher proportion of patients in the control group had CD4 counts 100,000 copies. In the prophylactic group, 8% of patients reported adverse effects due to the drug, and one person had tuberculosis in that group (0.8%). Ten persons in the control group contracted tuberculosis (5%) RR=0.15, 95%CI 0.02-1.18, p=0.07. The prophylaxis protective level was calculated to be 80%, after taking into account CD4, viral load, and effective antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion. The prophylaxis against tuberculosis was effective in HIV positive patients, independently of the immune status, viral load, and highly effective antiretroviral therapy.
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- 2007
22. [Validation of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) in Colombia]
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Palacio, Carlos Alberto, García, Jenny, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Sánchez, Ricardo, Aguirre, Beatriz, Garcés, Isabel Cristina, Montoya, Gabriel Jaime, Gómez, Juliana, Agudelo, Angela, López, Carlos Alberto, Calle, Jorge Julián, Cardeño, Carlos Alberto, Cano, Juan Fernando, López, María Cecilia, Montoya, Patricia, Herrera, Claudia Patricia, González, Natalia, González, Alejandro, Bedoya, Gabriel, Ruiz, Andrés, and Ospina, Jorge
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Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,diagnostic techniques ,Mental Disorders ,interview ,Reproducibility of Results ,esquizofrenia ,genética ,Colombia ,Translating ,entrevista ,mood disorders ,schizophrenia ,validez ,trastornos afectivos ,técnicas y procedimientos diagnósticos ,Humans ,genetics ,Genetic Testing ,Language - Abstract
Objetivo: validar la entrevista diagnóstica para estudios genéticos (DIGS 3.0) en Colombia. Métodos: se hicieron dos traducciones del inglés al español del DIGS y se hizo traducción en sentido inverso (al inglés) de cada una. Un comité de revisión verificó la equivalencia translingüística y transcultural. Se evaluó la confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador del DIGS 3.0 en 65 y 91 pacientes, respectivamente, mediante el cálculo de kappa de Cohen. Resultados: el DIGS 3.0 mostró ser comprensible, con validez de apariencia y de contenido. La confiabilidad interevaluador fue excelente para esquizofrenia (kapa=0,81, IC95%: 0,68-0,93), trastorno bipolar (kapa=0,87, IC95%: 0,75-0,99), trastorno depresivo mayor (kapa=0,86, IC95%: 0,7- 1) y ausencia de trastorno psiquiátrico (kapa=0,88, IC95%: 0,71-1); fue buena para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,65, IC95%: 0,41-0,89) y pobre para trastorno esquizoafectivo (kapa=0,37, IC95%: -0,02-0,76). La confiabilidad examen-reexamen fue excelente para todos los diagnósticos (kapa>0,8), excepto para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,64, IC95%: 0,31-0,96), donde fue buena. Conclusiones: la versión en español del DIGS para Colombia mostró comprensibilidad, validez de apariencia y de contenido, y confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador. Es una herramienta útil para estudios genéticos en esquizofrenia y en trastornos afectivos. An interview tool, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS 3.0), was translated into Spanish for application in studies of psychiatric disorders in Colombia. Two Spanish translations of the original English version of DIGS were prepared and backtranslated into English. A review committee verified the linguistic and cultural equivalence of the translations. The evaluator and test-retest reliability were assessed calculating Cohen’s kappa for samples of 65 and 91 patients respectively. DIGS proved valid in both appearance and content. The confidence interval (C.I.) was excellent for schizophrenia (kappa=0.81, C.I. 95% = 0.68-0.93), bipolar disorder (kappa=0.87, C.I. 95% = 0.75-0.99), major depressive disorder (kappa=0.86, C.I. 95% = 0.70-1.00), and for a normal diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89); it was good for other psychiatric diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89) and poor for schizoaffective disorder (kappa=0.37, C.I. 95% = -0.02-0.76). Test-retest reliability was excellent for all diagnoses (kappa>0.8), except for "other psychiatric diagnoses" (kappa=0.64, C.I. 95% = 0.31-0.96). The Spanish translation of the DIGS was comprehensible, with face and content validity, and good test-retest and evaluator reliability. This translation will be a useful tool for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders in Latin America, particularly where schizophrenia and affective disorders are involved.
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- 2004
23. Infección por el virus de la hepatitis E en pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de hepatitis viral en Colombia
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Peláez, Dioselina, primary, Hoyos, María Cristina, additional, Rendón, Julio César, additional, Mantilla, Carolina, additional, Ospina, Martha Cecilia, additional, Cortés-Mancera, Fabián, additional, Pérez, Olga Lucía, additional, Contreras, Lady, additional, Estepa, Yaneth, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, and Navas, María-Cristina, additional
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- 2014
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24. High Incidence of Tuberculosis, Low Sensitivity of Current Diagnostic Scheme and Prolonged Culture Positivity in Four Colombian Prisons. A Cohort Study
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Rueda, Zulma Vanessa, primary, López, Lucelly, additional, Vélez, Lázaro A., additional, Marín, Diana, additional, Giraldo, Margarita Rosa, additional, Pulido, Henry, additional, Orozco, Luis Carlos, additional, Montes, Fernando, additional, and Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional
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- 2013
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25. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a population of multiply-transfused patients in Colombia
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Beltrán, Mauricio, Navas, María Cristina, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Donado, Jorge, Jaramillo, Sergio, De la Hoz, Fernando, Estrada, Cecilia, Cortés, Lucía del Pilar, de Maldonado, Amalia, Rey, Gloria, Beltrán, Mauricio, Navas, María Cristina, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Donado, Jorge, Jaramillo, Sergio, De la Hoz, Fernando, Estrada, Cecilia, Cortés, Lucía del Pilar, de Maldonado, Amalia, and Rey, Gloria
- Abstract
Introduction. Although the transfusion of blood products is a common therapy, it carries risk of transmission of infections, especially hepatitus B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Objective. As part of the blood safety initiative, the Pan American Health Organization supported studies to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Colombia. Materials and methods. Between February and September 2003, a cross sectional study examined 500 multiply-transfused patients at four hospital centers in the cities of Bogotá and Medellín. The serum samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using commercial kits.Results. The seroprevalence of HIV infection was 1.8% (CI 95% 0.5-3.1). The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 18.6% (CI 95% 15.1-22.1). Six risk factors were associated with HIV and HBV infection: (1) receiving more than 48 units of blood or blood components, (2) diagnosis of hemophilia, (3) receiving transfusions for more than one year, (4) receiving whole blood, (5) co-infection with hepatitis C virus and (6) receiving transfusions before 1993.Conclusions. This is the first epidemiological study with a significant sample size performed in multiply-transfused patients in Colombia. The principal finding was the high prevalence of HBV and HIV infection in patients with diagnosis of hemophilia compared with the other five groups of multiply-transfused patients., Introducción. Aunque la transfusión de componentes sanguíneos es una terapia ampliamente utilizada, representa un riesgo de transmisión de agentes infecciosos.Objetivo. Como parte de la iniciativa sobre sangre segura promovida por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se realizó un estudio para estimar la seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Entre febrero y septiembre de 2003, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal de 500 pacientes con múltiples transfusiones, seleccionados en cuatro hospitales de las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín. Las muestras de suero obtenidas se analizaron por inmunoensayo con estuches comerciales.Resultados. La frecuencia de seropositividad para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana fue de 1,8%, (IC95% 0,5-3,1). La frecuencia de seropositividad para el virus de la hepatitis B fue de 18,6% (IC95% 15,1-22,1). Los principales factores de riesgo fueron: recibir más de 48 unidades de sangre o componentes, tener diagnóstico de hemofilia, recibir transfusiones por un período mayor de un año, recibir sangre total, tener coinfección por virus de la hepatitis C y haber sido transfundido antes de 1993.Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio epidemiológico realizado en Colombia con un número significativo de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones. El hallazgo más relevante es la elevada prevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana observado en la población de hemofílicos, comparado con los otros cuatro grupos de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones.
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- 2009
26. Prevalence of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities and associated factors in women of a rural town of Colombia
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Arbeláez, María Patricia, Grisales, Hugo, Vanegas, Ángela Patricia, Gaviria, Ángela M., Castaño, Jorge, Mora, Martín Alonso, Borrero, Mauricio, Rojas, Carlos, Sanchez, Gloria I., Arbeláez, María Patricia, Grisales, Hugo, Vanegas, Ángela Patricia, Gaviria, Ángela M., Castaño, Jorge, Mora, Martín Alonso, Borrero, Mauricio, Rojas, Carlos, and Sanchez, Gloria I.
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Introduction. In spite of implementation of cytology-based cervical cancer screening in Colombia, mortality rates remain stable. The description of factors associated to cervical pre-neoplasic lesions is needed to establish strategies for mortality prevention.Objective. The prevalence of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities was determined to explore the association of cytology abnormalities with described risk factors. Materials and methods. This population-based, cross-sectional study included 739 women randomly selected by age. A validated face-to-face questionnaire and conventional cervical cytology were used to collect the information. To establish the association between cervical abnormalities and some qualitative variables, the independent chi squared test was used. We also calculated prevalence ratio with their 95% confidence intervals. A logistic regression model was used to explore variables that potentially explain cytology abnormalities.Results. The prevalence of squamous cell abnormality was 15.8%. Among women with abnormal cytology, 10% presented atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 3.9% low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion and 1.9% high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. The adjusted logistical regression analysis showed that history of sexual transmitted disease, two or more sexual partners during entire life and previous abnormal cytology were associated with cytology abnormalities.Conclusion. The relation of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities with sexual behavior history reflexes the link between human papiloma virus infection and cervical cancer pre-neoplasic lesions. The frequency of use and knowledge about the purpose of cytology were factors that suggested other diagnostic limitations such as quality of cervical cytology or barriers to access health care. These latter factors may be the underlying basis for the high cervical cancer mortality rates., Introducción. A pesar de la existencia de los programas de tamización basados en la citología, las tasas de cáncer de cuello uterino permanecen estables en Colombia. La descripción de los factores asociados a las lesiones precursoras de cáncer de cuello uterino es necesaria para establecer estrategias para su prevención.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de las anormalidades de células epiteliales escamosasy su asociación con los factores de riesgo descritos.Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal de población en 739 mujeres, seleccionadas en forma aleatoria. La información se recolectó mediante la citología y un cuestionario previamente validado. La medida de asociación fue la razón de prevalencia con su respectivo intervalo de confianza del 95%. Las variables de confusión fueron controladas en un modelo de regresión logística multivariado.Resultados.La prevalencia del evento fue de 15,8%. Entre las mujeres con citología anormal, 10% presentó células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado; 3,9%, lesión escamosa intraepitelial de bajo grado, y 1,9%, lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado.La regresión logística ajustada sugiere que los antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, una citología anormal y tener dos o más parejas regulares/ocasionales durante la vida se asocian con la presencia del evento.Conclusiones. La relación de anormalidades de células escamosas con conducta sexual refleja la asociación entre el virus del papiloma humano y lesiones preneoplásicas de cáncer de cuello uterino. El uso frecuente y el adecuado conocimiento sobre la citología, sugiere que aspectos tales como las dificultades con la calidad de la citología o el acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento, pudieran explicar las altas tasas de cáncer de cuello uterino.
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- 2008
27. Effectiveness of prophylaxis against tuberculosis in patients infected with HIV
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Arbeláez, María Patricia, Arbeláez, Alexánder, Gómez, Rubén Darío, Rojas, Carlos, Vélez, Lázaro, Arias, Sonia Luz, Nagles, Jorge, Peláez, Luz Marina, Betancourt, Gloria, Velásquez, Gloria, Arbeláez, María Patricia, Arbeláez, Alexánder, Gómez, Rubén Darío, Rojas, Carlos, Vélez, Lázaro, Arias, Sonia Luz, Nagles, Jorge, Peláez, Luz Marina, Betancourt, Gloria, and Velásquez, Gloria
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Introduction. Prophylaxis against tuberculosis has been recognized as important for preventing clinical forms of tuberculosis, mainly in HIV positive patients. However, in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence, prophylaxis application and effectiveness remains controversial.Objective. Effectiveness was established for two prophylaxis regimens -isoniazid treatment for nine months and pirazinamid/rifampin for 60 days.Materials and methods. Two cohort groups of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were compared. One consisted of 131 volunteer patients, who received one of the two prophylactic regimens - pirazinamid/rifampin or isoniazid. The tuberculosis treatment drugs were self-administered andindependent of tuberculin response tests. The second group consisted of 200 patients selected from the records of a HIV/AIDS control program. Follow up for both groups was conducted over a two-year period through clinical records.Results. The 2 groups were similar with respect to clinical and demographic variables. A higher proportion of patients in the control group had CD4 counts <200/ml and viral load>100,000 copies. In the prophylactic group, 8% of patients reported adverse effects due to the drug, and one person had tuberculosis in that group (0.8%). Ten persons in the control group contracted tuberculosis (5%) [RR=0.15, 95%CI 0.02-1.18, p=0.07]. The prophylaxis protective level was calculated to be 80%, after taking into account CD4, viral load, and effective antiretroviral therapy.Conclusion. The prophylaxis against tuberculosis was effective in HIV positive patients, independently of the immune status, viral load, and highly effective antiretroviral therapy., Introducción. La profilaxis para tuberculosis ha sido aceptada mundialmente para prevenir lasformas activas de la enfermedad, especialmente, en pacientes positivos para VIH; pero en los países de alta prevalencia es aún controvertida su efectividad y sus indicaciones. Objetivo. Establecer en pacientes positivos para VIH el nivel de efectividad de dos esquemas de profilaxis contra la tuberculosis: con isoniacida durante nueve meses o pirazinamida/rifampicina durante 60 días, suministrados en forma autoadministrada, independientemente de la respuesta a la prueba de tuberculina.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional de cohorte. Se conformaron dos grupos, uno con 131 pacientes, quienes voluntariamente aceptaron recibir uno de los dos esquemasprofilácticos, si el de pirazinamida/rifampicina no estaba contraindicado. El grupo control estuvo conformado por 200 pacientes seleccionados retrospectivamente, a partir de los registros de un programa de control de pacientes con VIH/sida. El seguimiento para ambos grupos se realizó durante dos años, mediante revisión de la historia clínica.Resultados. Los grupos no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas cuando se compararon sus características clínicas, ni demográficas. Una mayor proporción de pacientes del grupo control tuvieron recuento de CD4<200/ml y carga viral>100.000. En el grupo con profilaxis, 8% manifestó efectos adversos, una persona presentó tuberculosis (0,8%) y en el grupo control 10 (5%) [RR=0,15, IC95% 0,02-1,18, p=0,07], la protección de la profilaxis fue del 80%, independiente de CD4, carga viral y terapia antirretroviral recibida.Conclusión. La profilaxis para tuberculosis mostró ser efectiva en pacientes positivos para VIH, independientemente del estado inmune, virológico y el tratamiento antirretroviral recibido.
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- 2007
28. Efectividad de la profilaxis para enfermedad tuberculosa en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, Medellín, 2002-2005
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Arbeláez, María Patricia, primary, Arbeláez, Alexánder, additional, Gómez, Rubén Darío, additional, Rojas, Carlos, additional, Vélez, Lázaro, additional, Arias, Sonia Luz, additional, Nagles, Jorge, additional, Peláez, Luz Marina, additional, Betancourt, Gloria, additional, and Velásquez, Gloria, additional
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- 2010
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29. Seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en una población de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en cuatro hospitales, Colombia, Sur América
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Beltrán, Mauricio, primary, Navas, María Cristina, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, Donado, Jorge, additional, Jaramillo, Sergio, additional, De la Hoz, Fernando, additional, Estrada, Cecilia, additional, Cortés, Lucía Del Pilar, additional, De Maldonado, Amalia, additional, and Rey, Gloria, additional
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- 2009
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30. Evidence for a Role of the NOS1AP (CAPON) Gene in Schizophrenia and Its Clinical Dimensions: An Association Study in a South American Population Isolate
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Kremeyer, Barbara, primary, García, Jenny, additional, Kymäläinen, Hanna, additional, Wratten, Naomi, additional, Restrepo, Gabriel, additional, Palacio, Carlos, additional, Miranda, Ana Lucía, additional, López, Carlos, additional, Restrepo, Margarita, additional, Bedoya, Gabriel, additional, Brzustowicz, Linda M., additional, Ospina-Duque, Jorge, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, and Ruiz-Linares, Andrés, additional
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- 2008
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31. Prevalencia de anormalidades de células epiteliales y factores asociados en mujeres de un municipio rural colombiano
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Arbeláez, María Patricia, primary, Grisales, Hugo, additional, Vanegas, Ángela Patricia, additional, Gaviria, Ángela M., additional, Castaño, Jorge, additional, Mora, Martín Alonso, additional, Borrero, Mauricio, additional, Rojas, Carlos, additional, and Sanchez, Gloria I., additional
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- 2008
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32. Validación de la entrevista diagnóstica para estudios genéticos (DIGS) en Colombia.
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Palacio, Carlos Alberto, primary, García, Jenny, additional, Arbeláez, María Patricia, additional, Sánchez, Ricardo, additional, Aguirre, Beatriz, additional, Garcés, Isabel Cristina, additional, Montoya, Gabriel Jaime, additional, Gómez, Juliana, additional, Agudelo, Angela, additional, López, Carlos Alberto, additional, Calle, Jorge Julián, additional, Cardeño, Carlos Alberto, additional, Cano, Juan Fernando, additional, López, María Cecilia, additional, Montoya, Patricia, additional, Herrera, Claudia Patricia, additional, González, Natalia, additional, González, Alejandro, additional, Bedoya, Gabriel, additional, Ruiz, Andrés, additional, and Ospina, Jorge, additional
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- 2004
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33. BCG vaccine effectiveness in preventing tuberculosis and its interaction with human immunodeficiency virus infection
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Arbeláez, María Patricia, primary, Nelson, Kenrad E, additional, and Muñoz, Alvaro, additional
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- 2000
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34. Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Pulmonary Tuberculosis among People Deprived of Liberty in Colombian Prisons.
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Herrera M, Keynan Y, López L, Marín D, Arroyave L, Arbeláez MP, Vélez L, and Rueda ZV
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- Adult, Cohort Studies, Colombia, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Tuberculin Test, Latent Tuberculosis epidemiology, Prisoners
- Abstract
People deprived of liberty (PDL) are at high risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]) and progressing to active tuberculosis (TB). We sought to determine the incidence rates and factors associated with LTBI and active TB in Colombian prisons. Using information of four cohort studies, we included 240 PDL with two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) negative and followed them to evaluate TST conversion, as well as, 2,134 PDL that were investigated to rule out active TB (1,305 among people with lower respiratory symptoms of any duration, and 829 among people without respiratory symptoms and screened for LTBI). Latent tuberculosis infection incidence rate was 2,402.88 cases per 100,000 person-months (95% CI 1,364.62-4,231.10) in PDL with short incarceration at baseline, and 419.66 cases per 100,000 person-months (95% CI 225.80-779.95) in individuals with long incarceration at baseline (who were enrolled for the follow after at least 1 year of incarceration). The TB incidence rate among PDL with lower respiratory symptoms was 146.53 cases/100,000 person-months, and among PDL without respiratory symptoms screened for LTBI the incidence rate was 19.49 cases/100,000 person-months. History of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination decreased the risk of acquiring LTBI among PDL who were recently incarcerated. Female sex, smoked drugs, and current cigarette smoking were associated with an increased risk of developing active TB. This study shows that PDL have high risk for LTBI and active TB. It is important to perform LTBI testing at admission to prison, as well as regular follow-up to control TB in prisons.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. [Hepatitis E virus infection in patients with clinical diagnosis of viral hepatitis in Colombia].
- Author
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Peláez D, Hoyos MC, Rendón JC, Mantilla C, Ospina MC, Cortés-Mancera F, Pérez OL, Contreras L, Estepa Y, Arbeláez MP, and Navas MC
- Subjects
- Academies and Institutes, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Colombia epidemiology, Female, Hepatitis Antibodies blood, Hepatitis E diagnosis, Hepatitis E virus immunology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin M blood, Laboratories, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult, Hepatitis E epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emergent virus of global importance; it is the etiological agent of sporadic cases and outbreaks of hepatitis. The epidemiology of this infection in Colombia is unknown., Objective: To determine the seropositivity for hepatitis E virus in Colombia in cases with clinical diagnosis of viral hepatitis., Materials and Methods: Serum samples from patients that were sent to the Instituto Nacional de Salud during the period 2005-2010 (group 1) and samples sent to the Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública de Antioquia during the 2008-2009 period were included in this study (group 2). Serum samples were analyzed by immunoassay with commercial kits., Results: From the 344 analyzed samples, 8.7% were positive for anti-HEV; the frequency of anti-HEV IgM was 1.74% (6/344) and the frequency of anti-HEV IgG was 7.5% (26/344). A difference in frequency of anti-HEV between group 1 (6.3%) and group 2 (1.3%) was observed. The cases were identified in nine departments of Colombia., Conclusions: This is the first study of hepatitis E virus infection in patients with diagnosis of hepatitis in Colombia. The frequency of anti-HEV described in this population of patients in Colombia is similar to that described in other Latin American countries like Brazil, Perú and Uruguay. Considering the results of this study, it could be necessary to include hepatitis E virus infection serological markers in the differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis in Colombia.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. [Cost-effectiveness of an alternative tuberculosis treatment: home-based guardian monitoring of patients].
- Author
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Nieto E, López L, del Corral H, Marín D, Lopera LD, Benjumea D, Montes F, Molina G, and Arbeláez MP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents economics, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Case Management organization & administration, Case Management statistics & numerical data, Colombia, Cost of Illness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Home Care Services, Hospital-Based organization & administration, Home Care Services, Hospital-Based standards, Hospitalization economics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic economics, Patient Education as Topic methods, Program Evaluation, Telephone economics, Travel economics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Young Adult, Case Management economics, Health Care Costs statistics & numerical data, Health Expenditures statistics & numerical data, Home Care Services, Hospital-Based economics, House Calls economics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary economics
- Abstract
Objective: Estimate the cost-effectiveness ratio of the directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) for treatment of tuberculosis (TB), comparing it to a variation of this treatment that includes increased home-based guardian monitoring of patients (DOTS-R)., Methods: Taking a social perspective that includes the costs for the health institutions, the patients, and their family members, and for other entities that contribute to making operation of the program effective, the costs incurred with each of the two strategies were evaluated and the cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated adopting the measures of effect used by the control programs. The estimate of the cost of each of the two strategies includes the cost to the health institutions that administer treatment, the patients and their family members, and the cost to the Ministry of Health that manages public health programs on the municipal level. Based on these costs and the number of cases cured and treatments completed as outcome measures of each of the strategies evaluated, the cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental cost were calculated., Results: The DOTS-R was found to be more cost-effective for achievement of successful treatments than the DOTS. The DOTS-R recorded costs of US$ 1 122.40 to US$ 1 152.70 for each case cured compared to values of US$ 1 137.00 to US$ 1 494.30 for the DOTS. The percentage of cases treated successfully was higher with DOTS-R than with DOTS., Conclusions: The DOTS-R is a promising cost-effective alternative for improved control of TB in endemic areas. It is recommended that the health authorities include home-based guardian monitoring of patients in their institutional management of the TB program, with the participation of health workers and the physical and financial resources that currently support this program.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. [Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a population of multiply-transfused patients in Colombia].
- Author
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Beltrán M, Navas MC, Arbeláez MP, Donado J, Jaramillo S, De la Hoz F, Estrada C, Cortés Ldel P, de Maldonado A, and Rey G
- Subjects
- Blood Transfusion statistics & numerical data, Colombia, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, HIV Infections transmission, Hemoglobinopathies epidemiology, Hemoglobinopathies therapy, Hemophilia A epidemiology, Hemophilia A therapy, Hemorrhage epidemiology, Hemorrhage therapy, Hepatitis B transmission, Hepatitis C epidemiology, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic epidemiology, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms therapy, Renal Dialysis, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, HIV Infections epidemiology, Hepatitis B epidemiology, Transfusion Reaction
- Abstract
Introduction: Although the transfusion of blood products is a common therapy, it carries risk of transmission of infections, especially hepatitus B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)., Objective: As part of the blood safety initiative, the Pan American Health Organization supported studies to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Colombia., Materials and Methods: Between February and September 2003, a cross sectional study examined 500 multiply-transfused patients at four hospital centers in the cities of Bogota and Medellin. The serum samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using commercial kits., Results: The seroprevalence of HIV infection was 1.8% (CI 95% 0.5-3.1). The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 18.6% (CI 95% 15.1-22.1). Six risk factors were associated with HIV and HBV infection: (1) receiving more than 48 units of blood or blood components, (2) diagnosis of hemophilia, (3) receiving transfusions for more than one year, (4) receiving whole blood, (5) coinfection with hepatitis C virus and (6) receiving transfusions before 1993., Conclusions: This is the first epidemiological study with a significant sample size performed in multiply-transfused patients in Colombia. The principal finding was the high prevalence of HBV and HIV infection in patients with diagnosis of hemophilia compared with the other five groups of multiply-transfused patients.
- Published
- 2009
38. [Prevalence of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities and associated factors in women of a rural town of Colombia].
- Author
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Grisales H, Vanegas AP, Gaviria AM, Castaño J, Mora MA, Borrero M, Rojas C, Arbeláez MP, and Sánchez GI
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Colombia epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell mortality, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell prevention & control, Sexual Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms mortality, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms prevention & control, Epithelial Cells pathology, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell epidemiology, Neoplasms, Squamous Cell pathology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms epidemiology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Introduction: In spite of implementation of cytology-based cervical cancer screening in Colombia, mortality rates remain stable. The description of factors associated to cervical pre-neoplasic lesions is needed to establish strategies for mortality prevention., Objective: The prevalence of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities was determined to explore the association of cytology abnormalities with described risk factors., Materials and Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study included 739 women randomly selected by age. A validated face-to-face questionnaire and conventional cervical cytology were used to collect the information. To establish the association between cervical abnormalities and some qualitative variables, the independent chi squared test was used. We also calculated prevalence ratio with their 95% confidence intervals. A logistic regression model was used to explore variables that potentially explain cytology abnormalities., Results: The prevalence of squamous cell abnormality was 15.8%. Among women with abnormal cytology, 10% presented atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 3.9% low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion and 1.9% high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. The adjusted logistical regression analysis showed that history of sexual transmitted disease, two or more sexual partners during entire life and previous abnormal cytology were associated with cytology abnormalities., Conclusion: The relation of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities with sexual behavior history reflexes the link between human papiloma virus infection and cervical cancer pre-neoplasic lesions. The frequency of use and knowledge about the purpose of cytology were factors that suggested other diagnostic limitations such as quality of cervical cytology or barriers to access health care. These latter factors may be the underlying basis for the high cervical cancer mortality rates.
- Published
- 2008
39. [Effectiveness of prophylaxis against tuberculosis in patients infected with HIV].
- Author
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Arbeláez MP, Arbeláez A, Gómez RD, Rojas C, Vélez L, Arias SL, Nagles J, Peláez LM, Betancourt G, and Velásquez G
- Subjects
- Adult, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Tuberculosis physiopathology, Viral Load, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, HIV Seropositivity drug therapy, Isoniazid therapeutic use, Rifampin therapeutic use, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis prevention & control
- Abstract
Introduction: Prophylaxis against tuberculosis has been recognized as important for preventing clinical forms of tuberculosis, mainly in HIV positive patients. However, in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence, prophylaxis application and effectiveness remains controversial., Objective: Effectiveness was established for two prophylaxis regimens -isoniazid treatment for nine months and pirazinamid/rifampin for 60 days., Materials and Methods: Two cohort groups of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were compared. One consisted of 131 volunteer patients, who received one of the two prophylactic regimens -pirazinamid/rifampin or isoniazid. The tuberculosis treatment drugs were self-administered and independent of tuberculin response tests. The second group consisted of 200 patients selected from the records of a HIV/AIDS control program. Follow up for both groups was conducted over a two-year period through clinical records., Results: The 2 groups were similar with respect to clinical and demographic variables. A higher proportion of patients in the control group had CD4 counts <200/ml and viral load >100,000 copies. In the prophylactic group, 8% of patients reported adverse effects due to the drug, and one person had tuberculosis in that group (0.8%). Ten persons in the control group contracted tuberculosis (5%) RR=0.15, 95%CI 0.02-1.18, p=0.07. The prophylaxis protective level was calculated to be 80%, after taking into account CD4, viral load, and effective antiretroviral therapy., Conclusion: The prophylaxis against tuberculosis was effective in HIV positive patients, independently of the immune status, viral load, and highly effective antiretroviral therapy.
- Published
- 2007
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