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[Display omitted] • ML models were developed to predict the serum PFOA and PFOS concentrations in a large population of 588 pregnant participants. • We first correlated blood PFAS concentrations with human FA status in ML techniques. • By including FAs as covariates, the RF model gave the best predictive performance. • The feature importance analysis revealed that FAs ranked as critical features in the prediction models. Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has received considerable attention, particularly in pregnant women because of their dramatic changes in physiological status and dietary patterns. Predicting internal PFAS exposure in pregnant women, based on external and relevant parameters, has not been investigated. Here, machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict the serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in a large population of 588 pregnant participants. Dietary exposure characteristics, demographic parameters, and in particular, serum fatty acid (FA) data were used for the model development. The fitting results showed that the inclusion of FAs as covariates significantly improved the performance of the ML models, with the random forest (RF) model having the best predictive performance for PFOA (R2 = 0.33, MAE = 1.51 ng/mL, and RMSE = 1.89 ng/mL) and PFOS (R2 = 0.12, MAE = 2.65 ng/mL, and RMSE = 3.37 ng/mL). The feature importance analysis revealed that serum FAs greatly affected PFOA concentration in the pregnant women, with saturated FAs being associated with decreased PFOA levels and unsaturated FAs with increased levels. Comparison with one-compartment pharmacokinetic model further demonstrated the advantage of the ML models in predicting PFAS exposure in pregnant women. Our models correlate for the first time blood chemical concentrations with human FA status using ML, introducing a novel perspective on predicting PFAS levels in pregnant women. This study provides valuable insights concerning internal exposure of PFASs generated from external exposure, and contributes to risk assessment and management in pregnant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis is a common disease that can lead to hepatic failure. Our aims were to reveal the role of GAS5 in the regulation of liver fibrosis. LX-2 human hepatic satellite cells (HSCs) were cultured and activated using TGF-β1 treatment. A CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell viability. A luciferase assay was employed to monitor the interactions between miR-433–3p and GAS5 or toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10). Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the expression levels of α-SMA, Col. I, PCNA-, MMP2-, MMP9-, TLR10-, and NF-κB-related molecules at the protein and RNA levels. GAS5 and TLR10 were decreased while miR-433–3p was upregulated in TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells. Upregulation of GAS5 or downregulation of miR-433–3p suppressed HSC activation, and luciferase assays indicated that miR-433–3p binds with GAS5 and the 3′-UTR of TLR10. MiR-433–3p upregulation and TLR10 downregulation rescued the impacts of GAS5 overexpression or miR-433–3p knockdown on LX-2 cells. Upregulation of GAS5 also suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB through the miR-433–3p/TLR10 axis. LncRNA GAS5 exerts an inhibitory effect on HSC activation by suppressing NF-κB signalling through regulation of the miR-433–3p/TLR10 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational hypertension during pregnancy has not yet been established. To investigate the association between PAH exposure and GDM and gestational hypertension, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 4206 pregnant women from the Zunyi birth cohort in southwestern China. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect the urinary levels of 10 monohydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs). GDM and gestational hypertension were diagnosed and the relevant information was documented by specialist obstetricians and gynecologists. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression were employed to investigate their single and nonlinear associations. Stratified analyses of pregnancy and body mass index data were conducted to determine their moderating effects on the abovementioned associations. Compared with the first quartile of urinary ∑OH-PAHs, the third or fourth quartile in all study participants was associated with an increased risk of GDM (quartile 3: odds ratio [ OR ] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.77) and gestational hypertension (quartile 3: OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.26–2.81; quartile 4: OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04–2.39), respectively. Nonlinear associations of 1-OH-PYR with GDM (cutoff level: 0.02 μg/g creatinine [Cr]) and 1-OH-PHE with gestational hypertension (cutoff level: 0.06 μg/g Cr) were also observed. In pregnant women with overweight or obesity, 1-OH-PHE and 3-OH-PHE were more strongly associated with gestational hypertension. Our results indicate that exposure to PAH during pregnancy may significantly increase the maternal risks of GDM and gestational hypertension; however, this finding still needs to be confirmed through larger-scale prospective studies and biological evidence. [Display omitted] • PAHs are associated with an increased risk of GDM and gestational hypertension. • The Safety thresholds for PAHs in GDM and gestational hypertension are low. • Prepregnancy weight control might reduce the risk of gestational hypertension. • Prevention of PAH-associated risk of both conditions is critical in pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation aims to explore relationships between adult attachment, emotional self-disclosure, and quality of life (QoL). The study sample completed the Chinese versions of the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Scale, and the Distress Disclosure Index between October 2021 and March 2022. The relationships between adult attachment, emotional self-disclosure, and QoL were investigated using a multiple mediation effects test and structural equation modeling. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were risk factors for young Chinese breast cancer survivors' emotional self-disclosure and QoL. Emotional self-disclosure mediates the association between attachment anxiety or avoidance and QoL. Assessing and easing attachment anxiety and avoidance may improve the emotional self-disclosure and QoL of young breast cancer survivors. This study confirms that adult attachment plays an important role in young breast cancer patients' adaptation to the disease and that high adult anxiety and avoidance levels can significantly reduce emotional self-disclosure and QoL in young breast cancer survivors. Identifying attachment patterns can help caregivers better understand patients' responses, adaptation, and treatment adherence to cancer, thereby helping caregivers develop targeted and personalized cancer care practice programs or psychotherapy interventions to improve patients' physical and mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, with the development of industrial applicability and low energy consumption, a catalyst for implementing the NH 3 -SCR reaction at low temperature is urgently needed. MOFs derivatives (MD) prepared by calcined of MOFs could reserve many characteristics of MOFs show great potential. And in order to prepare high NO conversion catalysts, the pyrolysis conditions of MOFs draw more attentions in the preparation process. Therefore, in this work, after calcined MOFs precursor at the atmosphere of different oxygen concentration (pure oxygen, air, nitrogen), a series of nanocomposite are obtained. The experimental results reveal that catalyst calcined in the atmosphere of proper oxygen concentration (air) has the best deNO x performance and better resistance of water and sulfur dioxide. Further explorations exhibit that it could be primarily ascribed to the distinctive porous structure which is made up of well-dispersed MnO x -CeO x together with N-doped carbon skeleton. The conductivity can be efficiently increased to hasten the transfer of electrons. In addition, in situ DRIFTS results indicate that the interaction on the surface of catalyst calcined in air is stronger and the mechanism of prepared catalysts is Eley-Rideal (E-R) at low temperature and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) at high temperature. • Properly oxygen in calcination atmosphere is beneficial to catalytic performance. • Residual carbon promotes the transfer of electrons between active components. • The π system with p electron enhances the conductivity of MnCe@MOF-C-A further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In situ techniques reveal reaction mechanism under reaction conditions. • CeO 2 stabilizes Cu active species at low temperature by keeping the cyclic transition of Cu2+ and Cu+. • CeO 2 stabilizes Fe active species at high temperature by promoting the cyclic transition between Fe3+ and Fe2+. • Ceria-Promoted and realized copper and iron oxides cooperatively catalyze NO x efficient elimination. The copper and iron oxides highly dispersed on CeO 2 composite system was successfully synthesized by solid-state based methods for NO reduction by CO with a certain sulfur and water resistance. The conversion of NO at 100, 150 and 220 °C can reach ∼40 %, ∼80 % and ∼100 % respectively, at space velocity = 65,000 mL·g−1·h−1. Here, some ex/in-situ characterization techniques are used to explore the active species and catalytic mechanism in the reaction process. The results show that the catalyst system has a large number of defects and contains highly reactive oxygen species. During the reaction, the dominant Ce species can promote the formation of Cu+ active species and enhance its relative stability. Also, under higher temperature reaction atmosphere, Ce species can stabilize Fe3+ and maintain the catalytic performance. The stabilization effect of Ce species on copper and iron makes the catalyst have a quite wider active window. To understand the selective catalytic reduction process of NO by CO, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed by in-situ DRIFTS. Overall, this work provides a possible foundation for understanding the structure, catalytic stability, and activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• It is difficult to extract common and recognizable features from BCI illiterate subjects who do not exhibit typical brain activity. Inspired by the kernel trick, we proposed a multiple kernel extreme learning machine framework, which can map the input features to multi-dimensional nonlinear spaces as much as possible, so as to increase the separability probability of the features of BCI illiteracy. • We summarize the following two conclusions: the more kernels were used, the better the BCI performance is, especially for the BCI illiteracy; non-sparse multiple kernel learning can usually outperform the sparse form. As mentioned above we proposed the linear combination of four kernels in non-sparse form. • We employed differential evolution (DE) to find the optimal initial parameters of the classifier for the purpose of obtaining the optimal classifier suitable for the current system. • In comparison with the state-of-the-art classifiers, the experimental results showed that the performance of our method outperformed other control methods, especially for the BCI illiterate subjects. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) allows interactions between the brain and the external world. However, some potential subjects have "BCI illiteracy": they cannot control BCI devices effectively. Usually, these subjects do not exhibit typical brain activity, and there are large variabilities between subjects. It is difficult to extract common and recognizable features from these subjects using current methods. Inspired by the kernel trick, data can be mapped to high-dimensional space to increase separability, we propose the application of a classifier based on kernel functions. Due to the selection of optimal kernel, one kernel was replaced by multiple kernel who are combined by weight. In this way, the features can be mapped to multiple spaces to explore the latent features of motor imagery-BCI—especially BCI Illiteracy—in multidimensional and nonlinear spaces. Meanwhile, differential evolution (DE) was employed to find the optimal initial parameters for the purpose of obtaining the classifier suitable for current system. We applied the proposed method to the public BMI-dataset for the study of BCI illiteracy. Compared with the given dataset, the grand average classification accuracy is 70.06%, which is 2.8% higher than that achieved via reference method. Especially, for the sample set of BCI illiteracy, the grand average classification accuracy is 57.88%, exceeding that obtained through reference method by 3.86%. In comparison with the state-of-the-art classifiers, the average classification accuracy of our method is 1.23% more than that of the best control classifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is usually a result of mutation and plays important roles in tumorigenesis. How RTK without mutation affects tumorigenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we show that in human melanomas pro-prion (pro-PrP) is an adaptor protein for an E3 ligase c-Cbl, enabling it to polyubiquitinate activated insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), leading to enhanced melanoma metastasis. All human melanoma cell lines studied here express pro-PrP, retaining its glycosylphosphatidylinositol-peptide signal sequence (GPI-PSS). The sequence, PVILLISFLI in the GPI-PSS of pro-PrP, binds c-Cbl, docking c-Cbl to the inner cell membrane, forming a pro-PrP/c-Cbl/IGF-1R trimeric complex. Subsequently, IGF-1R polyubiquitination and degradation are augmented, which increases autophagy and tumor metastasis. Importantly, the synthetic peptide PVILLISFLI disrupts the pro-PrP/c-Cbl/IGF-1R complex, reducing cancer cell autophagy and mitigating tumor aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo. Targeting cancer-associated GPI-PSS may provide a therapeutic approach for treating human cancers expressing pro-PrP. [Display omitted] • The cellular prion protein PrP is upregulated in melanoma and is a pro-prion (pro-PrP) • The pro-PrP sequence PVILLISFLI tethers c-Cbl to polyubiquitinate activated IGF-1R • Degradation of IGF-1R activates autophagy to drive melanoma lung metastasis • Disrupting the pro-PrP/c-Cbl/IGF-1R complex with a peptide PVILLISFLI reduces metastasis The pro-prion (pro-PrP) is a defective isoform, processed as transmembrane protein instead of being GPI anchored. Li et al. find that PrP is upregulated in melanoma and pro-PrP tethers the E3 ligase c-Cbl to ubiquitinate and degrade IGF-1-activated IGF-1R, leading to enhanced autophagy and melanoma aggressiveness. Disrupting pro-PrP/c-Cbl binding reduces metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of microplastics (MPs) and the associated organic pollutants in the aquatic environment has attracted growing concern in recent years. MPs could compete with chemicals for adsorption sites on the surface of sediment, affecting the sorption processes of pollutants on sediment. However, few studies focused on the binary system of microplastics-sediment (MPs-S), which appear much common in aquatic environment. Herein, we investigated the interactions between a continuously used flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and four MPs-S complexes (PVC–S, PE-S, PP-S and PS-S). The equilibrium adsorption capacities were 17.1, 15.6, 15.4, and 14.0 mg/kg for PVC-S, PS-S, PE-S, and PP-S, respectively. Kinetics suggest that adsorption behavior of TBBPA was fitted by pseudo-second-order model. Co-adsorption of TBBPA in binary systems were much lower than the sum of each simple system, which may be due to the mutually occupied adsorption sites. Higher ionic strength and lower dissolved organic matter strengthened the sorption of TBBPA onto MPs-S complexes. The enhanced sorption capacities for TBBPA were observed with elevated proportion and small particle size of MPs in the MPs-S complexes. This study contributes to the knowledge on the impact of MPs in partitioning of organic pollutants in-between solid and aqueous phases in the aquatic environment. [Display omitted] • Adsorption behavior of TBBPA onto microplastic-sediment (MP-S) complexes was investigated. • Co-adsorption effects largely limited the adsorption capacities of the binary system. • Higher ionic strength and lower dissolved organic matter strengthened the sorption process. • Presence of MPs in sediment impact the partitioning of TBBPA between solid and aqueous phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite several studies having addressed the bioaccumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) flame retardant in wildlife, there is still a dearth of information for reptiles in general and for snakes in particular. Here, we report the residue levels and trophic transfer of syn -, anti -, and anti -Cl 11 -DP in a frog-eating snake—namely, the striped keelback snake Amphiesma stolata —from a DP hotspot in South China. The concentrations of syn -, anti -, and anti -Cl 11 -DP in A. stolata ranged from 1.06–21.2, 2.13–21.5, and 0.16–10.6 ng/g lipid weight, respectively, with significantly higher levels in males compared with females. Statistical analysis showed that the concentrations of these chemicals were negatively correlated with body sizes (length and mass) of the snake. The fractional abundance of anti -DP (f anti) did not significantly differ either between the sexes or between A. stolata and its diet (i.e., frogs). However, f anti showed positive correlations with the snake's body size and negative correlations with ∑DP concentrations (summed concentrations of syn - and anti -DP), indicating that body size and DP residue levels are important factors influencing DP isomeric profiles in these snakes. Biomagnification factors estimated based on the relationship between A. stolata and frogs were 0.49 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE), 0.44 ± 0.09, and 1.79 ± 0.54 for syn -, anti -, and anti -Cl 11 -DP, respectively, suggesting trophic dilution of syn - and anti -DP and a mild biomagnification of anti -Cl 11 -DP from frogs to snakes. [Display omitted] • Male snakes contained significantly higher levels of DP than females. • DP residue levels in the snakes were negatively correlated with their body size. • DP isomeric profiles did not differ significantly between the snakes and frogs. • A mild biomagnification of anti -Cl 11 -DP from frogs to snakes. • First report on sex- and size-dependent accumulation of DP in snakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crude e-waste recycling has been regulated in China since the late 2000s; however, information on the recent levels and the ecological risks of e-waste derived contaminants such as halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in the e-waste sites are limited. We therefore examined the concentrations of several HFRs in wild, prey-sized mud carps collected from a typical e-waste site in 2006, 2011 and 2016, to understand the exposure dynamics and ecological risk of these chemicals. Several ecological and biological parameters including δ15N, δ13C, body size and lipid content of the fish were also examined, to ensure an overall uniformity of the sample set among the sampling years. Among the HFRs measured, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected at the highest concentrations (contributing >90% to ∑HFRs), followed by Dechlorane Plus (DPs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and alternative brominated flame retardants (ABFRs). The fish concentrations of ∑PBDEs, ∑PBBs and ∑DPs significantly dropped by 65%, 57% and 53% from 2006 to 2011, and 12%, 74% and 51% from 2011 to 2016, respectively; likely reflecting the positive impact of the environmental regulations on crude e-waste recycling. The ∑ABFRs concentrations were also decreased by 80% from 2006 to 2011, but increased by 127% from 2011 to 2016; suggesting possible fresh input of these novel HFRs in recent years. In addition to the changes in the HFR concentrations, contaminant profiles in the fish were also changed, possibly due to environmental degradation of the HFRs. Despite our conservative method of risk assessment, we found that PBDEs posed an important risk both for the mud carp and for piscivorous wildlife that inhabit the e-waste site. [Display omitted] • We assessed the temporal trends of HFRs in prey-sized mud carp from a HFR hotspot. • ∑PBDEs, ∑PBBs and ∑DPs in the fish significantly decreased from 2006 to 2016. • ∑ABFRs in the fish increased in recent years. • PBDEs posed an important risk both for the fish and for piscivorous wildlife. • First report on the exposure dynamics of HFRs in prey-sized fish from e-waste site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • QFASA was used for the first time to identify sources of indoor organic pollutants. • OPFR concentrations and lipid content in house dust were significantly related. • Clothing was the predominant contributing vector introducing indoor OPFRs. • QFASA can accurately predict most of OPFR concentrations in clothing. Indoor dust has been used as a proxy for estimating human indoor pollutant exposure risks, yet source identification remains challenging. This study tentatively investigated whether quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) of dust, could be applied to indicate sources and their respective contributions for a major class of indoor organic pollutants organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). We observed significant correlations between OPFR concentrations and lipid content (p < 0.05) in house dusts. Using 15 signature fatty acids (FAs) in various indoor sources and the QFASA model, we found that clothing (39.1% in Australia and 36.5% in China) was the predominant contributing vector of dust OPFR followed by cooking oil and pet hair. Among these sources, clothing materials were proposed to be important vectors introducing organic pollutants to the indoor environment. Our QFASA contribution estimation analyses allowed for accurate prediction of most OPFR concentrations in clothing, validating our findings that clothing materials may serve as important carrier for OPFRs in indoor migration. This is the first study attempting to identify sources of organic pollutants using QFASA in an indoor setting and will provide important insight into the transfer of organic pollutants in indoor environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative synergistic effect of cancer and a peripherally inserted central catheter could significantly increase the incidence of thrombosis. Rather than identifying risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheter–related thrombosis, exploring the effect of these risk factors might be a promising method to improve the outcomes of thrombosis. To analyze the effect of systemic and local risk factors on triggering peripherally inserted central catheter–related thrombosis in the first two weeks post–insertion in cancer patients. A prospective cohort study. The study was conducted at a 4500-bed university-affiliated medical center in China. One hundred seventy-three cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheters were included. Peripherally inserted central catheter–related thrombosis was assessed using ultrasound at a series of timepoints, once every two days post–insertion. Data on age, body mass index, blood hypercoagulation, insertion attempts, catheter-to-vein ratio, and blood flow velocity were collected as risk factors. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to describe the study samples and analyze the effects of systemic and local risk factors. Among the 173 cancer patients included, 126 (72.8%) patients were diagnosed with peripherally inserted central catheter–related thrombosis. Most thromboses (n = 118, 93.7%) were detected within five days, and 100% were detected within nine days post–insertion. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that local risk factors [catheter-to-vein ratio (standardized path coefficient = 0.32, p < 0.05) and blood flow velocity (standardized path coefficient = −0.35, p < 0.05)] had a greater effect than systemic factors [age (standardized path coefficient = 0.13, p < 0.05) and blood hypercoagulation (standardized path coefficient = 0.17, p < 0.05)] on triggering peripherally inserted central catheter–related thrombosis. Peripherally inserted central catheter–related thrombosis is quite common and can occur very early post–insertion in cancer patients. Among the common risk factors, local risk factors reflecting peripherally inserted central catheter technology itself had a greater effect than systemic risk factors reflecting predisposition to thrombosis. Clinical Registration: Clinical Trials ChiCTR1900024890. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic decomposition of formic acid (HCOOH) is a crucial process for hydrogen production technologies. Herein, periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to explore the effect of N-doping on the decomposition of formic acid. We designed a series of single Pd-atoms deposited in the single vacancy of N-doped graphene sheets, namely Pd-DGr, Pd–N1Gr, Pd–N2Gr, and Pd–N3Gr, as the proposed catalysts. Our findings show that H 2 production from HCOOH dehydrogenation on these surfaces proceeds via the formate (HCOO) pathway (Path-I) rather than the carboxylate (COOH) pathway (Path-II). Furthermore, the Pd–N3Gr catalyst shows the greatest catalytic reactivity toward HCOOH dehydrogenation via Path-I , requiring an activation energy (E a) of 0.38 eV. On the other hand, the undesirable dehydration of HCOOH to carbon monoxide (CO) through COOH (Path-IIIA) or formyl (HCO) (Path-IIIB) intermediates is unlikely to occur on Pd–N3Gr due to a large activation energy. We found that the active species on the catalyst surface increased with N-doping concentration. Additionally, microkinetic simulations of the HCOOH decomposition on these surfaces confirmed the high activity and selectivity of the Pd–N3Gr catalyst toward HCOOH dehydrogenation (Path-I). These calculated results highlight that the Pd–N3Gr catalyst is a promising candidate for the formic acid decomposition reaction to yield hydrogen. The pyridinic- N atom at the graphene surface play important role in catalytic activity, The Pd–N3Gr catalyst with optimal 3 pyridinic N atoms shows the best performance (compared to N > 3 and N < 3). [Display omitted] • The pyridinic-N atoms at the graphene play important role in catalytic activity. • The optimal 3 pyridinic N atoms shows the best performance compared to N > 3 and N < 3. • Formic dehydrogenation on Pd–N3Gr require remarkably low energy barrier of 0.38 eV. • Formic dehydrogenation on Pd–N3Gr exhibit excellent selectivity toward H 2 production. • Pd–N3Gr is potentially an efficient and low-cost single atom catalyst for formic dehydrogenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease in postmenopausal women, diabetic patients and obese patients and is characterized by an imbalance in bone formation and resorption. Current studies have conducted in-depth research on these groups and revealed their respective pathogenesis and treatment measures. However, the causes of osteoporosis in patients are complex, usually combining multiple factors. Unifying the same pathway that induces bone loss in various pathological states will greatly facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Purine metabolism is an important biological process in determining genetic orientation and functional performance. Adequate evidence confirms the widespread existence of purine metabolism disorders in various types of osteoporosis. Purine metabolism plays an important role in the process of bone remodeling. The aim of the present study was to determine changes in purine metabolism in high-risk populations with various types of osteoporosis and the pathogenesis of bone loss caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Two states of balance are maintained in the process of bone remodeling including osteogenesis and adipogenesis and osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Abnormal purine metabolism induces hyperuricemia and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Monosodium urate (MSU), ROS and ROS-induced inflammation inhibit the expression of osteogenic turnover indicators and promote osteoclast differentiation. ADA, ADCY, ENPP1 and PDE are the genes involved in purine metabolism most strongly associated with bone remodeling. Constructing a network between purine metabolism and bone metabolism and mining the core regulatory mechanism will contribute to revealing the pathogenesis and optimizing the treatment of osteoporosis. [Display omitted] • Disorders of purine metabolism occur in high-risk groups of osteoporosis. • Monosodium from purine degradation leads to the imbalance of bone tissue. • Reactive oxygen species generated during purine metabolism induce oxidative stress and inflammation. • ADA, ADCY, ENPP1 and PDE are highly associated with the development of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic digestion generates a significant amount of byproduct known as digestate, necessitating resourceful disposal. However, the digestate biochar may exert certain impacts on the pyrolysis of sludge, especially regarding the release of N/S/Cl during the pyrolysis process. This may lead to environmental risks and impose restrictions on the recycling of digestate. There is limited existing research on this topic. In this study, the impact and mechanism of digestate biochar on pyrolysis products were analyzed through kinetic analysis, TG-MS, and Py-GC/MS, with a specific focus on the release characteristics of polluting elements during the pyrolysis process. The findings indicate that the Fe-containing digestate biochar, owing to the larger specific surface area, richer functional groups and catalytic activity associated with Fe3+, enhances the production of C/H/O gases during pyrolysis while reducing the release of NH 3 , NO 2 , and H 2 S. Particularly, Fe-containing digestate biochar significantly enhances the release of Cl-containing gases. The decrease in tar content indicates that Fe-containing digestate biochar promotes the catalytic removal of tar. A comprehensive comparison and analysis of the reaction mechanism were conducted in this study, providing a theoretical basis for the release of pollutants from digestate pyrolysis while enhancing the control and management of pollutants containing N/S/Cl. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A total of 55 urinary EDCs were measured in the study population. • Co-exposure to EDCs was strongly related to diminished sperm quality, not quantities. • High seminal plasma fatty acid DPA status attenuated the negative association. Isolated effects of single endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on male reproductive health have been studied extensively, but their mixture effect remains unelucidated. Previous research has suggested that consuming diet enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) might be beneficial for reproductive health, whether omega-3 PUFA could moderate the effect of EDCs mixture on semen quality remains to be explored. In this study of 155 male recruited from a reproductive health center in China, we used targeted-exposomics to simultaneously measure 55 EDCs in the urine for exposure burden. Regression analyses were restricted to highly detected EDCs (≥55%, n = 34), and those with consistently elevated risk were further screened and brought into mixture effect models (Bisphenol A, ethyl paraben, methyl paraben [MeP], benzophenone-1 [BP1], benzophenone-3, mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate [MCPP]). Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) models demonstrated that co-exposure to top-ranked EDCs was related to reduced sperm total (β = −0.18, 95%CI: −0.29 – −0.07, P = 0.002) and progressive motility (β = −0.27, 95%CI: −0.43 – −0.10, P = 0.002), but not to lower semen volume. BP1, MeP and MCPP were identified as the main effect driver for deteriorated sperm motion parameters using mixture model analyses. Seminal plasma fatty acid profiling showed that high omega-3 PUFA status, notably elevated docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n-3) status, moderated the association between MCPP and sperm motion parameters (total motility: β = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.01 – −0.51, P interaction = 0.047; progressive motility: β = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.23 – 1.05, P interaction = 0.003). Co-exposure to a range of EDCs is mainly associated with deteriorated sperm quality, but to a lesser extent on sperm quantity, high seminal plasma DPA status might be protective against the effect. Our work emphasizes the importance of exposomic approach to assess chemical exposures and highlighted a new possible intervention target for mitigating the potential adverse effect of EDCs on semen quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early life in utero exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and infiltration through the placenta into cord blood pose significant risk to fetal development. Accumulating knowledge suggests that PFASs pass through the placenta in multiple transportation ways, not limiting to passive transport but also active transport or facilitated diffusion. Therefore, we propose that the transplacental transfer efficiency (TTE) could be re-evaluated as traditional cord to maternal ratio-based method might overlook certain biological or health information from the mother and fetus. In this study, we investigated 30 PFAS chemicals in paired maternal and cord serum from 195 births classified as small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and matched appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA). PFASs were ubiquitously detected in the maternal and serum samples, with PFOA, PFOS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA and other dominant compounds. We adopted a modified TTE estimation method (TTE m), taking into consideration of the total burden mass of PFASs in the blood from mother to fetus. Using the modified TTE m , a significant (p < 0.05) decrease was observed in the PFAS transplacental transfer potential in SGA (1.6%–11.3%) compared to AGA (2.3%–21.1%), suggesting a reverse association between TTE and SGA birth risk. This is the first study attempted to re-evaluate the TTE of PFAS and indicates that TTE m might be more advantageous to reflect the transplacental transfer potency of chemicals particularly when transportation mechanisms are multi-faceted. [Display omitted] • PFASs were ubiquitous in maternal and cord serum samples • We re-evaluated the TTEs (TTE m s) of PFASs based on chemical burden mass in AGA and SGA • TTE m s for most PFASs were notably lower (p value < 0.05) in the SGA group compared to the AGA group • Robust significance (p < 0.001) was observed in the TTE m s decline in SGA for many major individual PFAS chemicals including PFOA, PFOS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, PFDA and PFNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Spatial variations of the toxicological indicators generally resembled PAC levels. • PM 2.5 related to waste treatment facilities exhibited the strongest toxic potencies. • The ROS generation of A549 was highly correlated with MW302 PAHs. • PACs emitted from industrial sources were highly associated with ROS generation. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are important toxic organic components in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), whereas the links between PM 2.5 toxicity and associated PACs in ambient air are poorly understood. This study investigated the spatial–temporal variations of PACs in PM 2.5 collected from 11 sampling sites across a Chinese megacity and characterized the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytotoxicity induced by organic extracts of PM 2.5 based on cellular assays. The extra trees regression model based on machine learning and ridge regression were used to identify the key toxicants among complex PAC mixtures. The total concentrations of these PACs varied from 2.12 to 71.7 ng/m3 across the study city, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the main PACs. The spatial variations of the toxicological indicators generally resembled those of the PAC concentrations, and the PM 2.5 related to waste treatment facilities exhibited the strongest toxic potencies. The ROS generation was highly correlated with high molecular weight PAHs (MW302 PAHs), followed by PAHs with MW<302 amu and oxygenated PAHs, but not with nitrated PAHs and the plastics additives. The cell mortality showed weak correlations with these organic constituents. The associations between the biological endpoints and these PM 2.5 -bound contaminants were further confirmed by exposure to authentic chemicals. Four primary sources of PACs were identified, among which coal and biomass combustion sources (30.2% of the total PACs) and industrial sources (31.0%) were predominant. PACs emitted from industrial sources were highly associated with ROS generation in this city. Our findings highlight the potent ROS-generating potential of MW302 PAHs and the importance of industrial sources contributing to PM 2.5 toxicity in this megacity, raising public concerns and further administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is becoming a major concern in the field of public health. The process of bone loss is insidious and does not directly induce obvious symptoms. Complications indicate an irreversible decrease in bone mass. The high-risk populations of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal women, elderly men, diabetic patients and obese individuals need regular bone mineral density testing and appropriate preventive treatment. However, the primary changes in these populations are different, increasing the difficulty of effective treatment of osteoporosis. Determining the core pathogenesis of osteoporosis helps improve the efficiency and efficacy of treatment among these populations. Oxidative stress is a common pathological state secondary to estrogen deficiency, aging, hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. In this review, we divided oxidative stress into the direct effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity to discuss their roles in the development of osteoporosis. ROS initiated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling and suppressed osteogenic marker expression to weaken osteogenesis. MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways mediated the positive effect of ROS on osteoclast differentiation. Antioxidant enzymes not only eliminate the negative effects of ROS, but also directly participate in the regulation of bone metabolism. Additionally, we also described the roles of proinflammatory factors and HIF-1α under the pathophysiological changes of inflammation and hypoxia, which provided a supplement of oxidative stress-induced osteoporosis. In conclusion, our review showed that oxidative stress was a common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. Targeted oxidative stress treatment would greatly optimize the therapeutic schedule of various osteoporosis treatments. [Display omitted] • Postmenopausal women, elderly men, diabetic patients and obese individuals are high-risk populations for osteoporosis. • Oxidative stress is a common pathological state in a high-risk population for osteoporosis. • Reactive oxygen species accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity reduction contributes to oxidative damage in osteoporosis. • Proinflammatory factors and HIF-1α provided a supplement of oxidative stress-induced osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Gestational exposure to human relevant dose of PFHxS induces developmental toxicity. • Increased fetal death incidence were observed at delivery. • PFHxS reached & crossed the placental barrier with tendency to accumulate in fetus. • Lipidomic and transcriptomic data showed disruption in placental lipid homeostasis. • Placental lipid disruption may be mediated by disruption in lipid transporters. Perfluorohexyl sulfonate (PFHxS) is the third most abundant per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and its developmental toxicity remains very poorly understood. Here, pregnant mice exposed to PFHxS at human relevant dose showed increased fetal death incidence in the high-dose PFHxS-H group (P < 0.01). Body distribution analyses suggested that PFHxS crossed the placental barrier reaching the fetus in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological data demonstrated impairment in the placenta with reduced blood sinus volume, placental labyrinth area as well as thickness of labyrinthine layer. Further lipidomic and transcriptomic data together showed that PFHxS exposure caused significant disruption in placental lipid homeostasis, including total lipid accumulation in the placenta, and dysregulation in phospholipid and glycerol lipid metabolism. Gene expression analyses uncovered elevation in key placental fatty acid transporters including fabp2 , whereas protein expression showed transporter specific disruptions following exposure. Together, gestational exposure to human relevant level of PFHxS may increase the incidence of fetal deaths and caused placental dysplasia via disruption in lipid metabolism homeostasis. These findings raise the concern regarding the highly prevalent and persistent chemical towards early sensitive developing stages and provide basis for further understanding of its effects on lipid metabolism and underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CeO 2 and CuO-CeO 2 supports promote the design of Cu+-Ce and Cu2+-Ce system. • The abundant Cu+ in Cu+-Ce system promotes the adsorption of CO and the synergy between Cu+ and Ce4+. • The in-situ DRIFTS results in different NO + CO atmospheres explain oxygen vacancy is the site for decomposing NO. • Two kinds of mechanism models for Cu+-Ce and Cu2+-Ce systems were proposed. Copper-cerium catalysts have received extensive attention for their excellent catalytic performance in the field of NO reduction with CO. In this work, Cu+-Ce and Cu2+-Ce systems were designed to examine the catalytic potential of Cu+ and Cu2+. A series of catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, HRTEM, EDS, H 2 -TPR, Raman, XPS and in-situ DRIFTS in different NO + CO atmospheres. Cu+-Ce catalyst possesses a large amount of Cu+ that can promote the synergy between Cu+ and Ce4+ and adsorb CO to form Cu+-CO species consuming more active oxygen, thus generating more oxygen vacancies than Cu2+-Ce, which improve the catalytic performance of Cu+-Ce catalyst at low temperatures. In different NO + CO atmospheres, Cu+-Ce catalyst always maintains better catalytic performance to make an excellent universal applicability. In-situ DRIFTS in different NO + CO atmospheres provided evidence to confirm that oxygen vacancy is indeed active site for decomposing NO. And it also demonstrated that the CuCe/CuCe-S (Cu2+-Ce system) and CuCe/Ce-S (Cu+-Ce system) catalysts are dominated by L-H mechanism with different CO adsorption behavior at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]