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The article discusses the physicochemical principles for the production of alumina cements based on nickel and cobalt spinel. The results of tetrahedration of the CaO–Al2O3–CoO– NiO system, which undergoes changes due to solid-state exchange reactions in the hightemperature region of the CaO–Al2O3–CoO subsystem at a calculated temperature of 1439 K, as well as the decomposition of the Ca3CoAl4O10 ternary compound near 1530 K, are presented. Thermodynamic analysis establishes the stability of the conodes of the above system, allowing for its triangulation. Modifications of the subsolidus structure are combined and given for the temperature of 1530 K. All binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations thermodynamically stable in the subsolidus region of the system under study are presented. Topological graphs depicting the interconnection of elementary tetrahedrons, which allow the prediction of solid-state processes in multi-component systems, have been constructed. Based on the study of the structure of the CaO–Al2O3–CoO– NiO system, the possibility of technological forecasting of heterophase materials with high-performance characteristics is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase equilibria of the Ti-Ga-Sn system have been determined at primary crystallization and at 1000 °C in the composition interval ~ 50-100 at.% Ti based on differential thermal analysis, x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. Partial liquidus and solidus projections, the melting diagram, a number of vertical sections, isothermal section at 1000 °C, as well as the reaction scheme (Scheil diagram) for the Ti-Ga-Sn system were constructed. A ternary compound Ti5GaSn2 (τ) (Nb5SiSn2-type structure, tI32-I4/mcm), found by us previously, forms by peritectic reaction L + Ti2(Sn, Ga) + Ti5(Sn, Ga)3-4 ⇄ τ at 1500 °C and has a wide homogeneity range from 9 to 23.5 at.% Ga at solidus temperature and from 4 to 34 at.% Ga at 1000 °C, and located along constant composition of ~ 62.5 at.% Ti. D88-type compounds Ti5Sn3 and Ti5Ga4 form a continuous solid solution, denoted Ti5(Sn, Ga)3-4, at all investigated temperatures. Ga-poor part of it (below ~ 12.5 at.% Ga) forms by an interstitial mechanism, while in the interval above ~ 12.5 at.% Ga it is a substitutional phase. Isostructural compounds Ti2Sn and Ti2Ga also form a continuous solid solution Ti2(Sn, Ga) at solidus temperatures, which decomposes with decreasing temperature. Meanwhile, at 1000 °C, one more continuous solid solution Ti3(Sn, Ga) forms between isostructural compounds Ti3Sn and Ti3Ga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new ternary intermetallic compound ZrAl0.23Ge1.77 was observed after annealing at 600°C, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The structure (own structure type, Pearson symbol tI32-8, space group I41/amd, a = 3.8013(2), c = 29.893(3) Å, Z = 4) is a variant with partial positional disorder of the pseudo-binary structure type Zr0.75AlSi1.25. The structures are members of the family of linear intergrowth structures composed of AlB2-type slabs (layers of centered trigonal prisms) and CaF2-type slabs (layers of empty “half octahedra”), here in the ratio 1:2. The structure of ZrAl0.23Ge1.77 is characterized by statistical occupation by Al and Ge of one of the sites forming the CaF2-type slabs and positional disorder of the Ge atoms that form zig-zag chains along the crystallographic direction [100].

The isothermal section at б 00°C of the phase diagram of the ternary system Gd-Ge-Sn was constructed in the whole concentration range, based on X-ray powder diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The formation of two continuous solid solutions, GcijGe.j-jSn (x=0-4, structure type SmsGe41 Pearson symbol oP36, space group Pntna, д=7.8565(12)-?.040(2), 6 = 14.812(2)-15.552(3), c=7.7781(12)-8.201(2) A) and GdsGea-JSn* (x=0-3, structure type Мпіз, fiP16, a= 8.57 02(8)-9.03 06 (13), c=6.430 5(5)-6.5 941(10) A), and limited solid solutions based on the binary compounds GdllGel0 (6 at.96 Sn), GdSn, (5.5 at.96 Ge), Gdn, (2 at.96 Ge), GdSn2 (5 at.96 Ge), and GduSn (3.5 at.96 Ge) was established. Three following ternary compounds were found in the system at 600°C: GcGejSn«.». GdGeftTS_<).8SSn1.iS_x.ls, and GdjGeSn«,. The detailed crystal structures of two of them were refined on X-ray powder diffraction data: GdGe0JS_<).8SSnl.2S_l.U1 structure type ScCoft2SSilTS, o512, Стет, д=4.3206(4)-4.3035(4), 6=16.4824(15j-16.443 3(14), c=4.1270(4)-4.0961(4) A and Gd2Ge2.9lSnm, structure type GdjGej jjBi, oS32, Cmcnt, a=4.0445(6), 6=30.473(5), c=4.1694(6) A. The third compound, GdjGeSn, adopts the structure type NcLjGeSr. The crystal structures are closely related and are built from layers of Gd trigonal prisms centered by Ge atoms (or in part by Sn atoms) and square-mesh nets of Sn atoms (or in part Ge atoms), which alternate along the crystallographic direction [010]. Partial disorder of Ge and Sn atoms is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel h-CdS/c-CdSe ternary compound heterojunction catalyst CdSS is constructed from isomerism hexagonal CdS and cubic CdSe. The isomerism hexagonal CdS and cubic CdSe is the key factor to obtain the CdSS heterojunction, as compared, ternary compound CdSSe can only be prepared from isomorphic hexagonal CdS and hexagonal CdSe. Under different S:Se ratio, the main XRD peaks of CdSS displayed continuous shift between related CdS and CdSe peaks that confirms the S and Se atoms embedding CdSe and CdS lattice respectively to form atomic level ternary compound heterojunction. The photoelectrochemical and electrocatalytic results show that the CdSS catalysts have boosting properties. Under an optimal S:Se ratio, the photocurrent density of the CdSS reach 8.23 μA/cm2, which was 4.5 times that of original CdS (1.83 μA/cm2), 4.9 times of CdSe (1.67 μA/cm2) and 5.1 times of CdSSe (1.60 μA/cm2). The hydrogen evolution reaction Tafel slope of CdSS also declined 60% compared with CdS and 64% compared with CdSe. The electrocatalytic impedance and fluorescence spectra fully show that CdSS has lower internal resistance and low electron-hole recombination efficiency due to the atomic level heterojunction. The work develops a new strategy to construct high efficiency atomic level ternary compound heterojunction between isomerism homologous element compounds. A novel h-CdS/c-CdSe ternary compound heterojunction catalyst CdSS is constructed from isomerism hexagonal CdS and cubic CdSe. The isomerism hexagonal CdS and cubic CdSe is the key factor to obtain the CdSS heterojunction. [Display omitted] • A novel h-CdS/c-CdSe heterojunction catalyst CSS is constructed from isomerism h-CdS and c-CdSe. • The isomerism h-CdS and c-CdSe is the key factor to obtain the h-CdS/c-CdSe heterojunction. • A isomorphic ternary compound CdSSe is compared from isomorphic h-CdS and h-CdSe. • The isomerism CSS is conformed to has the highest PEC and HER performance. • The high carrier separation heterojunction is formed between h-CdS and c-CdSe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of the components in the ternary system Hf-Re-Si was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The isothermal section of the phase diagram at 1000°C was constructed in the full concentration range. The limits of solubility of Si in the binary compounds Hf5Re24 and HfRe2 were found to be 11 and 16 at.%, respectively. The existence of three ternary compounds was confirmed and their crystal structures were refined: HfReSi2 (ZrCrSi2-type structure, space group Pbam, a=9.1271(3) Å, b=10.0356(4) Å, c=8.0708(3) Å), HfReSi (ZrNiAl-type structure, space group P-62m, a=6.9240(2) Å, c=3.3890(1) Å) and -phase Hf9+xRe4-xSi (Hf9Mo4B-type structure, space group P63/mmc, a=8.5835(12) Å, c=8.7135(13) Å). The character of the interaction between the components in the Hf-Re-Si system and related ternary systems is briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using X-ray diffraction phase and structural analysis and partially microstructural analysis methods the phase equilibria in the ternary system Pr–Cu–Ge were investigated and the isothermal sections of the phase diagram of the system at 870 K (0–50 at.% of Pr) and 670 K (50–100 at.% of Pr) were constructed. The existence of seven ternary compounds PrCu2Ge2, Pr2CuGe6, Pr2Cu3Ge3, PrCu0.817Ge2, Pr6Cu8Ge8, PrCu1.25–0.95Ge0.75–1.05, PrCu0.77–0.5Ge1.23–1.5 was established at 870 K. Only one ternary germanide ~ Pr0.6Cu0.22Ge0.18 with undetermined crystal structure was found in R rich range at 670 K. All ternary germanides are formed at constant composition except phases with AlB2 structure type. Appreciable solubility of the third component in the compounds of binary systems was not observed. The structure parameters were determined for ternary germanides: Pr2CuGe6 (structure type (ST) Ce2CuGe6, Pearson symbol (PS) oS18, space group (SG) Amm2, a = 4.19300(4) Å, b = 4.05742(4) Å, c = 21.4823(2) Å, RI = 0.0686, RP = 0.0993), PrCu1.25Ge0.75 (ST AlB2, PS hP3, SG P6/mmm, a = 4.2922(2) Å, c = 3.9193(3) Å, RI = 0.0543, RP = 0.1036), PrCu0.72Ge1.28 (ST AlB2, PS hP3, SG P6/mmm, a = 4.19347(6) Å, c = 4.1817(1) Å, RI = 0.0504, RP = 0.0728). Relationships of investigated system Pr–Cu–Ge with previously studied R–Cu–Ge systems, and structure peculiarities of established ternary germanides of Cu and Pr were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles with core–shell structure were fabricated by using the dolomite powders as the core and wrapping corundum powders on their surface. The phase evolution and microstructure of the dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles with different firing temperatures were studied. As the spherical particles fired at different temperatures, the dolomite in the spherical core decomposed into MgO and CaO. Due to the Kirkendall effect, MgO and CaO diffused into the shell of the spherical particle and left Kirkendall holes in the core. The holes produced by the Kirkendall effect and the decomposition of dolomite act together to form a hollow structure in the center. And during the diffusion process, MgO and CaO reacted with corundum to generate spinel and calcium hexaaluminate. A small amount of spinel and calcium hexaaluminate can form a ternary compound Ca2Mg2Al28O46. Moreover, simulation software Factsage and Abaqus were used separately to help prove the phase evolution and the introduction of spherical particles to the properties of refractories. To test the lightweight effect of dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles on refractories, it was introduced into spinel–corundum refractories as medium particles in different content and fired at different temperatures. The results show that after firing at 1650°C for 3 h with introducing 30% dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles, the samples can reach a high compressive strength (128 MPa), high refractoriness under load (1683°C), and low thermal conductivity (1.79 W (m K)−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HfO 2 -based mixtures, such as HfO 2 -Al 2 O 3 , play an important role in high-power laser optics and metal oxide semiconductor devices due to their high laser damage resistance and high dielectric constant. However, comprehensive insights into the microstructure and chemical state of HfO 2 -based mixtures at the atomic level are limited, partly because the extremely large fourfold coupling constant of hafnium makes it difficult to characterize. Herein, the Al structures in HfO 2 -Al 2 O 3 mixtures were investigated and compared with that of Al 2 O 3 using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and conventional spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. 27Al NMR spectra show that the Al coordination resonances in HfO 2 -Al 2 O 3 mixtures change with the Al content. The content of five-coordinate Al (Al V) is positively correlated with the content of ternary compounds, indicating that the Al–O bonds in ternary compounds tend to be connected at the five-coordinated Al site, which is further demonstrated through annealing experiments of HfO 2 -Al 2 O 3 mixtures. Further, the impact of the above microscopic properties on the macroscopic performance, such as wettability and optical bandgap, has also been explored. Our insights into Al coordination resonances and ternary compounds in HfO 2 -Al 2 O 3 mixtures may help understand the structure–function relationship of mixture coatings. [Display omitted] • The content of ternary compounds in HfO 2 -Al 2 O 3 mixture coatings is affected by mixing ratio and annealing temperature. • Mixing leads to a sharp increase in the content of five-coordinated aluminum. • Changes in the content of five-coordinated aluminum affect the wettability of the coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium N‑lauroyl methylalanine（SLMA）was mixed with lauramide propyl betaine（LAB）and alkyl glycosides（APG1214）in binary and ternary compounds，respectively. The synergistic effect and the influence of solution composition on its micropolarity，average hydrodynamic radius and the number of micelles between SLMA/LAB binary compound system and SLMA/LAB/APG ternary compound system were studied，through the hanger method，steady-state fluorescence probe method，dynamic light scattering and steady-state fluorescence quenching method. The interaction parameters of the binary and ternary compound systems were calculated using the normal solution theory. The results show that both SLMA/LAB binary compound system and SLMA/LAB/APG ternary compound system have a comprehensive synergistic effect， and the best molar ratios are 3∶7 for both SLMA∶LAB and SLMA/LAB∶APG1214，corresponding to 1. 054×10−3 mol/L and 1. 595×10−4 mol/L of the critical micelle concentration（CMC）. The SLMA/LAB binary compound system tends to form concentrated single-morph aggregates，and the overall size is small. The SLMA/LAB/APG ternary compound system has a wider distribution than the single system，and its micelle volume is obviously greater than that of binary compound system. The aggregate number of micelles formed by the two compound systems is less than that of the single system，forming a more compact，stable and smaller micelle structure. The interaction force between the surfactant molecules in the SLMA/LAB binary compound system and the SLMA/LAB/APG ternary compound system accelerates the formation of stable micelles. The micelles have a wide size distribution and exist in the form of spherical and non-spherical micelles，and the compound system forms a tighter micelle structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon has become the most promising anode material for industrial application to replace the currently utilized graphite because of its large capacity and abundant reserves. However, its poor electronic conductivity and slow Li-ionic diffusion capability along with severe volume expansion impede its high-rate performace. To resolve these issues, we develop a ternary BiSbSi compound with a layered lattice, which presents significantly improved reaction kinetics of 300 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1 enabled by faster electronic conduction and lithium ion diffusion and simultaneously reduce the volume variation, thus leading to longer cycling stability of remaining 561 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1, compared with Si counterparts. Broadly the ternary layered Si-based anodes hold great promises to be applied in the near future.

Crystal structure of the ternary compound ErPtSi2 (diffractometer HZG-4a, CuKα-radiation, structure type YIrGe2, Pearson symbol oI32, space group Immm, a=4.19395(6) Å, b=8.41465(13) Å, c=15.85404(19) Å, RB=0.0639, RP=0.0424, and χ²=1.11) was studied by X-ray powder diffraction method. Intermetallide ErPtSi2 is the first representative of YIrGe2 structure type in R-Pt-Si systems. Crystal structures of ternary compounds in the system Er-Pt-Si were analyzed and the structural relationships between them were established according to the systematics of the nearest coordination environment around the less electronegative Er atoms. Compounds, found in the system, were divided into two main types based on the nearest coordination environment, namely on the derivatives of hexagonal and pentagonal prisms with different amounts of additional atoms. These polyhedra exist both alone and in the combination with each other and with cubooctahedra in the structures of the different ternary silicides of erbium. Such a relatively small coordination environment of rare-earth metal atoms can be explained by the structural peculiarities of the ErPt3 binary compound. The coordination polyhedra of the smallest atoms are trigonal prisms with different amounts of additional atoms or cubooctahedra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of our comprehensive study of phase equilibria in the Al–Fe–Mo system using DTA, X-ray diffraction, SEM and electron probe microanalysis. The liquidus and solidus projections were constructed. It is shown that the ternary compound Al 8 FeMo 3 (τ) melts congruently at >1500 °C and has a homogeneity range from 2 to 9 at.% Fe and from 23.5 to 25 at.% Mo. Isostructural phases (Mo), (αFe) and AlMo (W-type structure, cI 2 -Im- 3 m) at solidus temperatures form a continuous solid solution (αFe,Mo,AlMo). Unlike the AlMo binary phase, which is not retained by quenching, the ternary (αFe,Mo,AlMo) phase is easily quenched due to its lower decomposition temperature. Among the binary based phases, the Al 8 Fe 5 (ε) phase has the widest homogeneity region, which extends up to 24 at.% Mo at solidus temperatures. It is shown that the addition of Mo stabilizes the Al 8 Fe 5 (ε) phase, and the temperature of its formation in the ternary system increases to 1331 °C in contrast to 1234 °C in the binary. Moreover, according to XRD data, the Al 8 Fe 5 (ε) phase in the ternary system has a rhombohedral structure of the Al 8 Cr 5 -type (hR 78- R -3m), rather than cubic Cu 5 Zn 8 -type structure (cI 52- I -43 m), like the binary one. A new binary compound Al 45 Mo 7 was identified for the first time. Its crystal structure is established as monoclinic Al 45 V 7 -type (mS 104- C 2/ m) with the lattice parameters a = 20.534, b = 7.561, c = 10.910 Å, β = 107.33. It was shown to form by peritectic reaction L + Al 5 Mo ⇄ Al 45 Mo 7 at ∼800 °C. Iron additions stabilize the Al 4 Mo phase, which in the binary system is stable above 942 °C. [Display omitted] • Phase relations in the ternary Al–Fe–Mo systems over the whole concentration range were studied. • A new binary compound Al 45 Mo 7 with a monoclinic Al 45 V 7 -type structure was found. • It is shown that the ternary compound Al 8 FeMo 3 (τ) melts congruently at >1500 °C. • A continuous solid solution (αFe,Mo,AlMo) (W-type structure) was found at solidus temperatures. • Fifteen four-phase invariant reactions are found,one is of peritectic type and fourteen ones are of U-type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study phase equilibria in a section of 7.14 at.% La in the La–Cu–Si ternary system at 870°K by the methods of X-ray phase diffraction and structural analysis. The existence of two new LaCu9.61Si3.39 and LaCu8.37Si4.63 ternary compounds is established and their crystal structures are studied by the X-ray powder diffraction method. Both compounds are the first representatives of the NaZn13 structural type and its CeNi8.5Si4.5 tetragonally deformed superstructure in the R–Cu–Si systems. We also analyze structural transformations based on the NaZn13 structural type, as well as the affinity of the investigated compounds with the structures of binary and ternary lanthanum and copper silicides with respect to the closest coordination surrounding of the least electronegative atoms. Finally, we illustrate structural relationships between the investigated compounds and simple crystal structures (of copper and silicon) with which they are in phase equilibria in the La–Cu–Si system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Germanium is considered as a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its fascinating theoretical specific capacity. However, its poor cyclability resulted from the sluggish kinetics and large volume change during repeated charge/discharge poses major threats for its further development. One solution is using its ternary compound as an alternative to improve the cycling stability. Here, high-purity CuGeO3 nanowires were prepared via a facile hydrothermal method, and their sodium storage performances were firstly explored. The as-obtained CuGeO3 delivered an initial charge capacity of 306.7 mAh g−1 along with favorable cycling performance, displaying great promise as a potential anode material for sodium ion batteries.

Summary: We report fabrication of solar cell device with Copper Zinc Sulfide (CZS) thin films as absorber layer. CZS thin films prepared using chemical spray pyrolysis technique at a pressure of 10−3 mbar at different substrate temperatures. Structural, morphological, optical, compositional and electrical properties of as prepared films are investigated. Structural analysis shows crystalline nature with mixed phase containing CuS‐ZnS binary composite. Atomic Force Microscopy analysis shows the average particle size of 88 nm. Value of work function obtained from ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy is 4.58 eV. The band gap of the as‐prepared films varies from 1.62 to 2.06 eV. Hall effect measurement proves the p‐type nature for all the deposited films. Samples deposited at 350°C shows carrier concentration of 1021 cm−3 and electrical conductivity of 526 S cm−1. Solar cell device structure of has been fabricated using the CZS sample deposited at 350°C. The cell parameters obtained are Voc = 0.505 V, Isc = 4.97 mA/cm2, FF = 64.28% and η = 1.6 ± 0.05%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isothermal section of the Gd-Ni-In system at T = 870 K was constructed by means of X-ray powder diffraction and EDX analyses. Thirteen ternary compounds, namely GdNi9In2 (YNi9In2 type), Gd1−1.22Ni4In1-0.78 (MgCu4Sn type), GdNiIn2 (MgCuAl2 type), Gd4Ni11In20 (U4Ni11Ga20 type), GdNi1.0-0.7In1.0-1.3 (ZrNiAl type), Gd2Ni2In (Mn2AlB2 type), Gd2Ni1.78In (Mo2FeB2 type), Gd11Ni4In9 (Nd11Pd4In9 type), Gd12Ni6In (Sm12Ni6In type), Gd6Ni2.39In0.61 (Ho6Co2Ga type), Gd14Ni3.29In2.71 (Lu14Co3In3 type), Gd3Ni0.05In0.95 (AuCu3 type) and ~Gd6Ni2In exist in the Gd-Ni-In system at this temperature. The substitution of Ni for In was observed for GdNi1.0-0.7In1.0-1.3 and of In for Gd for Gd1-1.22Ni4In1-0.78. Besides, Gd can enter the structure of NiIn (CoSn type) leading to a solid solution Gd0-0.14NiIn1-0.98. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase equilibria in the La-Fe-C system at crystallization were studied and the binary La-Fe system was reinvestigated using DTA, X-ray diffraction, SEM and electron probe microanalysis. Using the results, the binary La-Fe phase diagram has been redrawn and liquidus and solidus projections for the La-Fe-C system constructed, for the first time, covering the whole concentration range. There is no stable miscibility gap in the liquid phase of La-Fe system, according on our results. The La-Fe system shows a simple eutectic at 88 at.% La. The eutectic temperature was measured to be 788 °C. No intermediate phases were found. In the ternary La-Fe-C system a ternary compound La 3.67 FeC 6 (τ) was found in equilibrium with the liquid phase and to coexist with most of the other phases in the system. Additions of carbon to La-Fe alloys caused liquid immiscibility. In this investigation, the liquid separation has been proved with clear microscopic pictures of samples showing this effect. A ternary stable liquid miscibility gap marked L 1 + L 2 develops from a metastable liquid miscibility gap in the La-Fe binary system. None of the binary intermetallic phases show any solubility of the third component. • The binary La-Fe phase diagram has been redrawn. • There is no stable miscibility gap in the liquid phase of La-Fe system. • Liquidus and solidus projections constructed for the La-Fe-C system. • A closed liquid miscibility has been established. • The ternary compound La 3.67 FeC 6 (τ) was found to solidify incongruently by peritectic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melting diagram and reaction scheme (Scheil diagram) of the Al–Ti–Pt system have been constructed for the first time in the composition range 0–50 at.% Pt using the experimental results for as-cast alloys and alloys annealed at subsolidus temperatures. It is established that ternary compounds τ3, τ4, and τ8 form congruently with participation of the liquid phase and compounds τ1, τ2, τ5, τ6, τ7, τ9, and τ11 by peritectic reactions. All compounds take part in phase equilibria with participation of the liquid phase, forming 31 four-phase and 28 three-phase invariant equilibria at temperatures from 1410 to 660°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature of phase equilibria has been examined for the first time in the Al–Ti–Pt system in the range 0–50 at.% Pt at subsolidus temperatures. Besides the τ1, τ2, and τ3 ternary compounds with AuCu3, Th6Mn23+1, and MgZn2 lattices known from the literature, eight more compounds form in the system at subsolidus temperatures. The structural type is known for three of these compounds. They are τ4 (ZrBeSi), τ5 (CrFe), and τ6 (defective structure of Au4Al type). There are 31 isothermal planes on the solidus surface. All planes are formed with participation of ternary compounds and solid solutions based on binary compounds present in the boundary systems. The highest temperature in this composition range corresponds to the congruent melting of the TiPt phase (1830°C) and the lowest to eutectic l ⇄ + in the binary Al–Pt system (655°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase equilibria upon crystallization in the Zr-Co-Sn system were experimentally studied by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The liquidus projection, melting diagram (liquidus + solidus), vertical sections, Scheil reaction scheme, and isothermal sections at 1000 and 1200 °C covering the whole concentration range were constructed. Four ternary intermetallic phases ZrCo 2 Sn (τ 1), ZrCoSn (τ 2), Zr 6 Co 1.65 Sn 1.35 (τ 3) and Zr 5 Co 6 Sn 18 (τ 4) are confirmed. It is shown that ZrCo 2 Sn (τ 1) and ZrCoSn (τ 2) melt congruently at 1470 and 1340 °C, respectively, while Zr 6 Co 1.65 Sn 1.35 (τ 3) and Zr 5 Co 6 Sn 18 (τ 4) form by peritectic reactions L + Zr 5 Sn 3+x ⇄ τ 3 and L + τ 1 + τ 2 ⇄ τ 3 at 1270 and 1130 °C, respectively. The binary phases Zr 5 Sn 3+x and ZrCo 2 (Laves phase) have extended homogeneity ranges in the ternary system. A total of twenty-four four-phase invariant reactions are established: one peritectic, six eutectic, one eutectoid and sixteen U-type. [Display omitted] • Phase relations in the ternary Zr-Co-Sn systems over the whole concentration range were studied. • Liquidus surface, isothermal and vertical sections and a Scheil diagram were constructed. • Four ternary intermetallic phases ZrCo 2 Sn, ZrCoSn, Zr 6 Co 1.65 Sn 1.35 and Zr 5 Co 6 Sn 18 are formed. • Twenty-four four-phase invariant reactions are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The 600 and 800 °C isothermal the sections of Al-Si-La ternary system between 0 and 50 at.% La have been established via a combination of electron microprobe analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. A total of three ternary compounds were confirmed in this work and temporally designated τ 1 , τ 2 and τ 3. The three ternary compounds (τ 1 -τ 3 ) were found at 600 °C. The ternary phase τ 1 spans 43.3 at.% to 61.5 at.% Al, 5.0 at.% to 21.3 at.% Si, and 33.5 at.% to 35.5 at.% La. One ternary compound, τ 1 , was identified at 800 °C. The τ 1 phase spans 43.6 at.% to 62.6 at.% Al, 4.1 at.% to 22.5 at.% Si, and 33.1 at.% to 35.2 at.% La. The solubility of Al in LaSi 2-α2 is 39.9 at.% and 41.3 at.% at 600 and 800 °C, respectively. The solubility of Si in Al 2 La at both 600 and 800 °C is extremely small. Highlights • Phase equilibria of the Al-Si-La system between 0 and 50 at.% La at 600 and 800 °C were determined. • Three ternary compounds (τ 1 , τ 2 and τ 3 ) were confirmed at 600 °C, only the τ 1 phase exists at 800 °C. • The solubility of Al in LaSi 2-α2 and LaSi increases with the enhanced temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al 3 Ti-based alloys attract exceptional attention due to their high specific mechanical properties. However, their application is still insufficient due to their low ductility and fracture toughness. Several approaches were previously proposed to address these problems. The first one is stabilization of the cubic modification of titanium trialuminide by alloying. Another approach consists in fabricating metal-intermetallic laminated composites (MIL). In this study, we combined both methods to synthesize the first MIL composite with cubic Al 3 Ti interlayers. Copper additions were used to stabilize the cubic modification of Al 3 Ti and produce a novel Ti-Al 5 CuTi 2 MIL composite. First mechanical characterization by indentation tests showed that the binary Al 3 Ti intermetallic tended to crack at a load of 0.2 kg while the fracture was not observed in the Al 5 CuTi 2 layers at least at a load of 1 kg. These results are an indirect evidence of a higher ductility and fracture toughness of the composite with cubic Al 3 Ti compared to tetragonal one. The sequence of the phase transformations in the Al-Ti-Cu system was studied using in situ synchrotron X-ray radiation diffraction. The formation of Al 5 CuTi 2 occurred via several intermediate stages including eutectic melting of Al and Cu and the formation of binary AlCu and Al 3 Ti compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of physicochemical analysis techniques are employed to study the phase equilibria in the aluminum corner of the Al-Ti-Pt system at subsolidus temperatures and in the alloy crystallization process. It has been established for the first time that a ternary τ1 phase (AuCu3 structural type) forms by peritectic reaction L + + ⇄ τ1 at 1405°C. On the solidus surface in the studied composition range at 1405, 1310, 1275, 1060, 925, 820, and 660°C, there are seven isothermal planes that participate in invariant four-phase equilibria involving the liquid phase, three of them being peritectic and the others transitional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elucidate magnetism and electronic states of X2Co12P7 with X = Ti, Zr and Hf, which are expected to be in a tetravalent state or a trivalent state with one d-electron, we measured magnetizations of polycrystalline samples of X2Co12P7 and compared their magnetic behaviors with that of itinerant ferromagnets Ln2Co12P7 (Ln = lanthanoids), the Curie temperature TC of which is approximately 150 K. As results of magnetization measurements, we found these compounds to show itinerant ferromagnetism with TC = 67, 149 and 133 K for X = Ti, Zr and Hf, respectively. This behavior is in contrast to the case of Ln2Co12P7 in which TC is almost independent of Ln. The lower TC for the case of X = Ti compared with Ln2Co12P7 suggests that the valence of Ti in this compound is +4 rather than +3 and ferromagnetism derived from Co is weakened due to the electron doping from Ti. On the other hand, in the case of X = Zr and Hf compounds, both TC have similar values to that for Ln2Co12P7, indicating that X are almost in the trivalent state. From the result of magnetization measurements, it is clear that there is no localized magnetic moment in these compounds. Therefore, d-electrons in trivalent Zr or Hf show itinerant nature in X2Co12P7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase equilibria in the Fe-Ce-C system at 1100 °C were studied using X-ray diffraction, SEM and electron probe microanalysis. An isothermal section at this temperature was constructed covering the whole concentration range. The stability of the ternary compound τ 1 at 1100 °C, identified previously, was confirmed and its composition determined as 23Fe-29Ce-48C according our data. It is also confirmed that the ternary compound τ 1 does not have a homogeneity range. The liquid phase is stable at 1100 °C in the Fe-Ce-C system. The isothermal section is characterized by five three-phase regions: (γFe) + (C) + (αCeC 2 ), (γFe) + τ 1 + (αCeC 2 ), (γFe) + τ 1 + (Ce 2 C 3 ), (αCeC 2 ) + τ 1 + (Ce 2 C 3 ) and L + (γFe) + (Ce 2 C 3 ) plus the corresponding two-phase regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the use of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) to accurately measure the content of Pb 1 − x Sn x Te , a new class of electronic materials known as Topological Crystalline Insulators (TCIs). We analyzed the SIMS signal ratios of SnCs + / PbCs + and Sn ± / Pb ± in thin layers and determined the calibration curves necessary to estimate the exact amount of content in this ternary compound. Additionally, we investigated the matrix effect and performed depth profiling to obtain a more precise determination of the content. These findings contribute to the understanding and development of TCIs, and highlight the potential of SIMS for accurate content determination in ternary compounds. • Calibration curve for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry were developed for ternary compounds of Pb 1 − x Sn x Te. • The comparison of matrix effect between positive and negative secondary ions. • Cs cluster method gives the most proper results for determining the matrix composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]